Les Stratégies De Mobilité Sociale Des Interprètes En ~Ouvelle-Écosse Et À 1'Ile Royale, 1713

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Les Stratégies De Mobilité Sociale Des Interprètes En ~Ouvelle-Écosse Et À 1'Ile Royale, 1713 Les stratégies de mobilité sociale des interprètes en ~ouvelle-Écosseet à 1'Ile Royale, 1713 - 1758. Thèse présentée au département d'histoire et de géographie Faculté des Arts Université de Moncton Pour l'obtention du grade de Maîtrise ès Arts (histoire) Par Isabelle Ringuet 3813926 Le 23 novembre 1999. National Library Bibliothèque nationale 1*1 ofCanada du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliogaphic SeMces seivices bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington ûîtawaON K1AON4 Ottawa ON KI A ON4 Canada Canada ne author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive licence allowing the exclusive permettant a la National Library of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or seli reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in microform, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic formats. la fome de microfiche/filrn, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in ths thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extracts fiom it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or otherwise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. Merci à vous tous! Plusieurs personnes ont contribué d'une façon ou d'une autre à la rédaction de cette thèse. II est connu que le travail de l'un n'est que rarement réalise seul. Ainsi, je veux prendre ici quelques lignes pour remercier ceux qui ont été présents pendant ces deux dernières années. Premièrement, je tiens a remercier tout particulièrement mes deux directeurs de thèse: Monsieur Maurice Basque et Madame Andrée Courtemanche. Tous deux ont su s'adapter à ma rnaniere de travailler et ont été d'un soutien constant des mon arrivée a l'université de Moncton. Merci de votre patience, de vos encouragements et de vos interminables lectures de chapitres. Deuxièmement, je veux remercier le personnel du Centre d'études acadiennes de I'Universit0 de Moncton. Carmella Bourgeois a été présente des ma première visite au Centre et a toujours gentillement répondu à mes demandes. Je veux aussi mentionner Monsieur Steven White qui m'a accorde accès à ses recherches généalogiques récentes et à Monsieur Kennelh Breau qui m'a aidée a présenter la généalogie des familles d'Entremont, Le Borgne de Bellisle, Petitpas et Robichaud. Finalement, je veux remercier ceux que j'aime. Merci papa, maman, Julie et Caroline pour votre compréhension et votre immense soutien intellectuel, moral et économique. Merci ma belle Frédérique pour être mon petit ange et grandir à travers les livres de maman. Je veux aussi remercier Tony Chiasson et Amelie Giroux, qui, en plus d'être toujours présents, se sont souvent levés très tôt le matin pour jouer mes chauffeurs de taxi. Et je veux tout particulièrement dire un gros merci a mes deux meilleurs amis; Jennifer Newcombe pour ses encouragements et sa joie de vivre communicative, et Robert Kramer, qui, cette année, a été le gardien de mon moral, et pendant les six dernières années, a toujours su me convaincre de ma réussite. Merci a vous tous! lsabelle Ringuet Le 23 novembre 1999. Remerciements ............................................................................................ 2 Liste d'abréviations ................................................................................ 5 Introduction ............................................................................................... 6 I O Les interprètes ..................................................................................... 19 1.1 - Leur profil ................................................................................ 20 1.1.1 - Des administrateurs anglais ................................................ 21 1.1.2 - Des missionnaires fiançais .................................................. 23 1.1.3 - Des individus venant de la communauté ................................ 25 1.2 - Leur capital ................................................................................ 25 1.2.1 - La connaissance des langues .................................................26 1.2.2 - La confiance de la population et du gouvernement .................. 32 1.3 - Leurs fonctions .......................................................................... 34 1.3.1 - En quelles occasions? ..................................................... 35 1.3.2 - Leur rémunération .......................... +............................... 38 1 .-t - Pourquoi les interprètes acceptent cette charge? ..................................39 1.4.1 - Augmentation du prestige .................................................. 40 1 4.2 - Autres bénéfices ............................................................... 40 1.5 - Conclusion ................................................................................. 41 II .La coiisolidation d'une position sociale? Les familles d'Entremont et Le Borgne de Bellisle ...................................................................................... 42 2.1 - La famille d'Entremont .............................................................. 33 2.1.1 - Son historique ................................................................ 14 2.1.2 - Les alliances matrimoniales ............................ .,. ............. 46 2.2 - La famille Le Borgne de Bellisle ...................................................... 53 2.2.1 - Son historique ................................................................. 53 2.2.2 - Les alliances matrimoniales ................................................ 56 2.3 - Leurs stratégies éducatives ............................................................ 58 2.3.1 - En tant que famille ........................................................ 59 2.3.2 - En tant que goupe .......................................................... 64 2.4 -L'épreuve de 1755 ..................................................................... 66 2.5 - Conclusion ................................. .... ....................................... 67 3 O Ls mobilité sociale. Les familles Petitpas et Robichaud ............................... 69 3.1 = La famille Petitpas ........................................................................ 72 3.1.1 .Son historique ................................................................. 72 3 . f .3 .Les alliances matrimoniales .............................................. 73 3.2 .La famille Robichaud ............................... ,................................. 79 3.2.1 O Son historique ................................................................. 79 3 2.2 .Les alliances matrimoniales ................................................ 80 3.3 .Vers une mobilité sociale ................................................................ 83 3.3.1 .La conservation du capital familial ....................................... 84 3.3.2 .Leurs stratégies éducatives ............................................... 90 3.1 .L'épreuve de 1 75 5 ...................................................................... 99 3.5 .Conclusion ...............................................................................101 Conclusion .............................................................................................. 103 Bibliographie ..........................................................................................108 Annexes ................................... ..................................................................114 Annexe A: conférence du 9 août 17 17 entre le gouverneur du Massachussets et les Amérindiens de l'Est .......................................................................................114 hexeB: Août 1727, Traité de paix entre les Anglais et les Abénakis .................. 127 Annexe C: 5 mai 1744. Conférence a Annapolis entre Paul Mascarene et les .Amérindiens ............................................................................................ 129 Annexe D: Déclaration de guerre des Micmacs aux Anglais ................................. 131 Annexe E: Généalogie de la famille Mius d'Entremont ........................................ 132 Annexe F: Généalogie de la famille Le Borgne de Bellisle .................................... 139 Annexe G: Généalogie de la famille Petitpas.................................................... 142 Annexe H: Généalogie de la famille Robichaud ................................................ 145 Figures Figure 1: Les alliances matrimoniales de la famille d'Entremont .............................. 53 Figure 2: Les alliances matrimoniales de la famille Le Borgne de Bellisle.................. 58 Figure 3: La hiérarchie sociale a Louisbourg ..................................................... 70 Figure 4: Les alliances matrimoniales de la famille Petitpas................................... 79 Figure 5: Les alliances matrimoniales de la famille Robichaud ............................... 82 DBC: Dictioriiraire biographiq~fedr Canada, Québec: Les Presses de l'université Laval, 1 966-1974. Coi. docs. iaidits: 'Coiieciio?~de docrimeirfsi~redils sir le Ca~iadoet I'Amc'riqzce pztblzés par le Cartada-Frarilçaîs, Québec: Imprimerie de L.J. Demers et frère, 1 888. Col. docs. rdat fs: Collectior1 Je docurner~tsrelatijs à ifhistoire de la Norrvelle- Frarrcr. tome III, Québec: Imprimerie A. Côte et Cie, 1881. PANS II: No va Scotia Archi \)es III: Origii~alMir r rrtcs of His
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