S.A. Eme Fra' Angelo De Mojana† S.A. Eme Fra' Andrew Bertie†

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S.A. Eme Fra' Angelo De Mojana† S.A. Eme Fra' Andrew Bertie† ISSN 1252-9893 N° 43 2020 FONDÉE LE 13 JUIN 1986 – RecoNNue d’utILITÉ PUBLIQUE PAR DÉCRET DU 28 OCTOBRE 2005 sous le haut patronage de : S.A. Eme Fra’ Angelo de Mojana † Prince et LXXVIIe Grand Maître de l’Ordre Souverain de Malte S.A. Eme Fra’ Andrew Bertie † Prince et LXXVIIIe Grand Maître de l’Ordre Souverain de Malte Siège social : 10, place des Victoires - 75002 Paris Téléphone : 01.42.96.48.36 - Courriel : [email protected] SOCIÉTÉ DE L’HISTOIRE ET DU PATRIMOINE DE L’ORDRE DE MALTE BIENFAITEURS DE LA SOCIÉTÉ M. Robert Mathern (1906-1998) M. (1907-1999) et Mme Michel Pomarat M. Melchior d’Espinay (1915-2000) M. Antoine Hébrard M. Jean Grassion (1914-1999) Mme van der Sluijs, née Simone Lacroix (1917-1998) Mme Cino del Duca (1912-2004) M. Alain Beltjens ANCIENS PRÉSIDENTS - Bailli-prince Jean-Louis de Faucigny-Lucinge (1986-1992) - Bailli-comte Géraud Michel de Pierredon (1992-2006) COMITÉ SCIENTIFIQUE - M. Jean-Pierre Babelon, membre de l’Institut (Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-lettres). - M. Alain Blondy, professeur à la Sorbonne et à l’Université de La Valette (Malte). - M. Michel Bur, membre de l’Institut (Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-lettres), professeur émérite à l’Université de Nancy. - † M. Jean Favier, membre de l’Institut (Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-lettres), directeur général honoraire des Archives de France et président de la Bibliothèque nationale de France. - M. Jean Richard, membre de l’Institut (Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-lettres), doyen honoraire de la Faculté des Lettres de Dijon. - M. Pierre Toubert, membre de l’Institut (Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-lettres), professeur au Collège de France. - M. André Vauchez, membre de l’Institut (Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-lettres), directeur honoraire de l’École française de Rome. - M. Michel Zink, membre de l’Institut (Académie française, secrétaire perpétuel de l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-lettres, professeur au Collège de France. CONSEIL D’ADMINISTRATION - Président : M. Jean-Bernard de Vaivre, correspondant de l’Institut (Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres), grand officier du Mérite de l’Ordre de Malte - Vice-Présidents : M. Gabor Mester de Parajd, chevalier de l’Ordre de Saint-Jean (Grand Bailliage de Brandebourg), architecte en chef des Monuments historiques, correspondant de l’Académie d’architecture. M. Laurent Vissière, archiviste-paléographe, normalien, maître de conférences à Paris-IV Sorbonne, ancien membre de l’Institut universitaire de France. - Trésorier : M. Laurent Vissière. - Secrétaire : Mme Marie-Adélaïde Nielen, conservateur en chef des archives nationales, département du Moyen Âge et Ancien Régime. AUTRES MEMBRES (ordre alphabétique) - M. Alain Beltjens, chevalier de Malte, avocat honoraire, auteur de plusieurs ouvrages sur les origines de l’Ordre. - M. Alain Blondy, professeur aux universités de la Sorbonne et de La Valette. - Madame Anne Brogini, ancien membre de l’École française de Rome, maître de conférences à l’Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis. - M. Michel Bur, membre de l’Institut (Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres), professeur émérite à l’Université de Nancy. - M. Patrick Demouy, professeur émérite d’histoire médiévale à l’université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne et professeur associé à l’Institut catholique de Paris. - M. Antoine Hébrard, chevalier du mérite de l’Ordre de Malte, président-directeur général du Who’s Who in France et du Bottin Mondain. - M. Jean-Vincent Jourd’heuil, docteur en histoire médiévale, chercheur associé au LEM-Centre Européen de Recherche sur les Communautés, Congrégations et Ordres Religieux (UMR 8584). - M. Jean-Loup Lemaitre, directeur d’études d’hagiographie et d’histoire monastique à l’EPHE. - M. Philippe Plagnieux, professeur d’histoire de l’art du Moyen Âge à l’Université de Paris I, Panthéon-Sorbonne et à l’Ecole nationale des Chartes. - M. Jean Richard, membre de l’Institut (Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres), archiviste-paléographe, doyen honoraire de la Faculté des Lettres de Dijon. - Mme Françoise Roux, secrétaire générale de la Société historique Ernest d’Hauterive. - M. Guillaume Saint-Guillain, byzantiniste, maître de conférences à l’université de Picardie. - S. Exc. M. Laurent Stefanini, ambassadeur de France à Monaco, chevalier de Malte. CORRESPONDANTS RÉGIONAUX - M. Jean-Vincent Jourd’heuil : Champagne et Orléanais. - M. Xavier Quenot : Bourgogne, Franche-Comté. 3 SOMMAIRE DU BULLETIN N° 43 Pages Les privilèges octroyés par les souverains pontifes aux Hospitaliers de Saint-Jean de Jérusalem en Terre sainte et à Chypre (1113-1310). Alain Beltjens …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4 Résumé en anglais …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 14 L’hospice Sainte-Catherine : Rhodes 1445 Anthony Luttrell ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 15 Traduction en anglais ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 24 Désastres survenus à Rhodes et ayant entraîné la ruine de deux édifices insignes Le témoignage de Johan Hedenborg Jean-Bernard de Vaivre ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 25 Le triomphe du pouvoir magistral. De la déposition de La Cassière (1581) à l’élection de Verdalle (1582) Alain Blondy …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 47 « Le métier difficile d’archiviste » : concentration et professionnalisation des archives de l’ordre de Malte à l’époque moderne Jean Bernard …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 55 Bibliographie : Les trois saisons : un carrosse sur le chemin du chevalier Antonio Bosio (Patrice Foutakis) Jean-Bernard de Vaivre ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 63 COTISATIONS POUR 2020-2021 • Membres titulaires : 40 e (France) 60 e (hors France) • Membres titulaires à vie : 400 e (France) 600 e (hors France) Illustration de la couverture : La commanderie de Saint-Georges à Lyon, au XIXe siècle. La Société de l’Histoire et du Patrimoine de l’Ordre de Malte ne prend pas la responsabilité des opinions exprimées dans les écrits dont elle autorise l’insertion dans le bulletin. 4 LES PRIVILÈGES OCTROYÉS par LES SOUVERAINS PONTIFES AUX Hospitaliers DE SAINT-JEAN DE JÉRUSALEM EN TERRE SAINTE ET À CHYPRE (1113-1310) XV et à la politique annexionniste du second, n’eut d’autre 3 Les privilèges concernant l’Hôpital ressource que de quitter précipitamment Rome pour se réfugier à Bénévent4. La situation ne changea guère de Jérusalem promulgués quand Alexandre III accéda à la chaire de saint Pierre. par le pape Alexandre III L’empereur Barberousse ravagea l’Italie et suscita au souverain pontife plusieurs compétiteurs, à savoir les antipapes Victor IV, Pascal III et Calixte III. Nommé § I.– Introduction par le parti impérial à la mort d’Adrien IV, Victor IV5 qui appartenait à la famille des comtes de Tusculum, Né à Sienne, Rolando Bandinelli est élu pape, le 20 chassa Alexandre III de Rome, le somma, en 1160, de septembre 1159, sous le nom d’Alexandre III, quelques comparaître devant un concile à Pavie, au cours duquel il jours après le décès de son prédécesseur, Adrien IV, anathémisa son rival, mais il mourut à Lucques en 1164. survenu au début du même mois. Si le nouveau chef de Nommé également par les partisans de l’empereur, sous l’Eglise est surtout connu pour s’être opposé vigoureu- le nom de Pascal III, le cardinal Gui de Crème succéda à sement, pendant la majeure partie de son pontificat, à Victor IV. Il décédera quatre années plus tard, en 1168, à Frédéric Ier Barberousse en s’associant au parti guelfe Rome après avoir présidé une diète à Wurtzbourg. Quant à contre les Gibelins, on sait beaucoup moins que l’empe- Jean Morson, abbé de Strume, qui fut investi de la charge reur germanique eut de bonnes relations, au début de son pontificale sous le nom de Calixte III, il finira par se règne, avec la papauté. C’est ainsi qu’ en 1155 Adrien IV soumettre, en 1178, à Alexandre III qui s’était réconcilié, appela Frédéric Barberousse pour chasser Arnaud de en 1177, avec Frédéric Barberousse, lors d’une entrevue Brescia, un moine, disciple d’Abélard1, condamné pour qui eut lieu à Venise. C’est que, entretemps, le pape avait hérésie, qui s’était emparé de Rome, avait res-tauré sollicité et reçu l’appui des villes de Milan, de Crémone la république et le sénat romain et expulsé son prédé- et de Pavie qui s’unirent sous la dénomination de Ligue cesseur Eugène III. L’empereur Frédéric Ier accueillit lombarde pour barrer la route à l’empereur germanique et favorablement la requête du souverain pontife, vain- assurer le pouvoir de leur protégé en Italie. En 1176, les quit Arnaud et le livra au préfet de Rome qui ordonna ligueurs parvinrent à vaincre l’infatigable Hohenstaufen son exécution. Le bourreau le fit brûler vif au château à Legnano, ce qui permit de conclure un traité de paix Saint-Ange, puis dispersa sans autre forme de procès d’abord à Venise, puis, en 1183, à Constance6. Pour être ses cendres dans le Tibre. Reconnaissant, Adrien IV complet nous signalons que Lando Frangipane di Sezze couronna Barberousse empereur en 1156. Cependant la fut antipape sous le nom d’Innocent III de 1179 à 1180, bonne entente entre le pape anglais2 et Frédéric ne dura année au cours de laquelle il mourut dans une une geôle pas longtemps et le premier, confronté aux prétentions 1 Arnaud de Brescia né vers 1085, mort en 1155, partageait les idées 3 Nous savons qu’Adrien IV résidait à Rome avant que Barberousse révolutionnaires d’Abélard, le célèbre théologien et philosophe ne le contraigne à s’enfuir, grâce au renouvellement de la bulle français, auteur d’Historia calamitatum (Histoire des calamités). Quam amabilis Deo que ce pape promulgua au Vatican, les 11 et 14 Arnaud voulait dépouiller de ses biens le clergé qu’il jugeait mars 1155 : voyez Delaville Le Roulx, I, p. 179, numéros 235 et 236. corrompu, afin que celui-ci retrouve la simplicité et l’austérité des Voyez aussi le renouvellement de la bulle Christiane fidei religio du premiers temps de l’Eglise. 12 janvier 1155, également promulgué au Vatican, chez Delaville Le 2 Nicholas Breakspear, le futur Adrien IV, est né à Langley, dans le Roulx, I, p.
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