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High on the Desert Newsletter Newsletter Cochise County Master Gardener High on the Desert Vol. 26, No. 8 August 2015 The University of Arizona and U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperating The Virtual Gardener—Watch Out For Imazapyr! The weedy season is upon us. ingested) is quite high at greater than Besides picking zucchinis and tomatoes, 5,000 mg per kilogram of body weight. most of us are in the weed eradication This means that a human weighing 130 business. Some of us scrape, some pull, pounds would have to consume 300,000 and many spray. This month I want to mg (2/3 pound) to be at that risk level. discuss an herbicide chemical called Highly unlikely. The chemical also has imazapyr. This chemical is a very no known carcinogenic or genetic effects effective non-selective herbicide and a for humans. component of many commercially Tests also indicate low toxicity to available herbicides. It must be used with birds, fish, and other mammals. In fact, extreme caution. the Environmental Protection Agency has rated the chemical as safe for use in aquatic environments, including riparian Inside this issue: areas and coastal waters. Monsoon Rains 2 Imazapyr works to kill plants by Cuttings “N’ Clippings 3 interfering with their ability to synthesize This Month in the Garden 3 certain necessary proteins and is very Ready, Set . Grow! 4 effective. It is readily absorbed by both August Reminders 4 leaves and roots and accumulates in the At a Glance Box 5 Be sure to read the list of ingredients active growing tissues (meristem) of Apache Plant 5 on the label of the herbicide before you plants where it does its deadly work. As WW/MG Xeriscape Tour 6 buy it. mentioned, it is non-selective and works The danger of this chemical is not so equally well to control grasses, broadleaf much to humans. It can cause eye weeds, and even woody plants. And it irritation and skin redness, rashes, and has a long half-life in the soil (69-125 even swelling, but these effects are days), making it perfect for long-term basically superficial. The LD50 (the weed control. So what’s the problem? amount that is estimated to cause death 50 percent of the time, if the chemical is (Continued on Page 2) Cochise County Cooperative Extension www.ag.arizona.edu/cochise/mg/ 1140 N. Colombo, Sierra Vista, AZ 85635 450 S. Haskell, Willcox, AZ 85643 (520) 458-8278, Ext. 2141 (520) 384-3594 P AGE 2 (Continued from page 1) “You should not use it within three The basic problem is that yards of any plants you don’t want to imazapyr is too effective and too kill—your yard, your neighbor’s non-discriminating. It doesn’t dis- yard, and his neighbor’s yard!” criminate between good plants and Research has shown another bad plants but kills them all. Of interesting characteristic of imaz- course, other herbicides will also apyr. The roots of some legumes that kill your ornamental and food have been exposed to this herbi- plants but most have limited half cide—mesquites were specifically lives in the soil so you only have to mentioned—may exude the chemi- Monsoon Rains be careful not to spray them cal. This means that other plants Have Hidden Benefits directly on the plants you want to whose roots touch the roots of keep. One of the most popular mesquites that have been exposed to for Plants herbicides, glyphosate, is almost imazapyr may be poisoned. instantly neutralized when it hits The moral of this article is that you (Editor’s Note: Adapted from article the soil. It is only effective when must always READ THE LABEL. of the same title by John Begeman in sprayed directly on plants. Another If you don’t recognize the name of a the September 1998 Cochise County popular herbicide, 2-4-D, has a chemical in the herbicide, look it up Master Gardener Newsletter.) limited lifespan and limited on the internet before you buy it. The loud crackle and thunderous mobility in the soil. Although its And once you have brought it home, boom of lightning is now a familiar effect lingers longer than glypho- carefully follow the instructions on sound as our monsoon is in full sate, they are still fairly restricted. the label when you apply it. swing! Every time lightning strikes, Because of its chemistry, the For additional technical details nitrogen in the atmosphere is com- mobility and persistence of imaz- about imazapyr, check out this bined with hydrogen or oxygen to apyr in the soil is sensitive to soil webpage. form ammonium and nitrate, two pH (acidity). In acid soils, it is Until next time, happy surfing! forms of nitrogen. The nitrogen relatively quickly adsorbed and its Gary Gruenhagen, Master Gardener then goes into solution in atmos- mobility limited. In alkaline soils, [email protected] pheric moisture and is washed to such as we have here in Southeast- the ground in rainfall. Plants then ern Arizona, imazapyr is not absorb nitrogen from the ground quickly adsorbed by soil particles, and utilize it for growth. Since it is allowing it to move greater a key constituent in chlorophyll, the distances—both horizontally and green pigment of plants, nitrogen vertically. It is this ability to causes a greening of the plant. penetrate deep into the soil and Physicists estimate that roughly make contact with tree roots that 250,000 tons of nitrogen are pro- makes this chemical a threat to duced by about 1,800 thunder- trees. The instructions on the storms that occur on Earth every container for one popular herbicide day. Our summer thunder storms containing imazapyr say never to The U of A Water Wise Program (520) 458-8278, Ext. 2141 can release significant amounts of apply the herbicide to within twice nitrogen for plant growth here in the width of the drip line of a tree Southeast Arizona. That causes a you don’t want to kill. significant part of the greening of As one University of Arizona Cochise County Master plants we notice after a storm. Horticultural Agent once said Gardener Newsletter Editor about an herbicide containing John Begeman, former Horticultural Carolyn Gruenhagen Extension Agent for Pima County imazapyr: “Give weeds an inch and they’ll take a yard.” P AGE 3 This Month In the High Desert Garden— Cuttings ‘N’ Clippings Time Is Running Out . The August Cochise County (Editor’s Note: This article written on your tree or shrub three times a Master Gardener Association by Bill Schulze was adapted from a week really doesn’t do much good. meeting has been moved to August 2011 article published in the And, with the advent of the rains, Thursday, August 20 from 2:00— Sierra Vista Herald.) weeding becomes important. Use 4:00 PM. They will be joining with mulches to suppress weeds or pull the Sierra Vista Area Garden Club It’s pretty safe to speculate that the weeds by hand while they’re at their regular meeting location in August will be a whole lot like still small. Don’t give them a the lecture room of the County Con- July here in the high desert. With chance to go to seed or your weed stables Building at 4001 Foothills any luck, our monsoon rains will headaches will just be multiplied in Drive, on the northeast corner of continue—let’s hope they’re gen- the months and years to come. Re- Foothills and Highway 92. Dr. Pau- tle—and the daytime highs will member that if you give a weed an la Kahn-Rivadeneira, Assistant Pro- be in the 80° and 90°F range. As inch, it’ll take a yard! fessor & Extension Specialist, Food such, continue to plant annual When mowing grass, leave it 3-4 Safety and Wildlife, Department of flowers such as zinnias, cosmos, inches long. Cutting it too close to Soil, Water, & Environmental Sci- vincas, and marigolds, and at least the ground stresses the grass, espe- ence, University of Arizona, Yuma cially in hot weather. It also results Agricultural Center will be talking in a poor looking lawn. As an alter- about Critters in my garden: Food native, think about replacing your safety risks and humane solutions. thirsty grass lawn with a more water Check the web site for the next -use friendly landscape. It’s hard to scheduled event or contact Valerie argue against spending less time at: mowing, or a lower water bill! [email protected] Keep an eye out for insect pests. I The Master Gardeners have re- like to use insecticidal soap or hand turned to the Sierra Vista Farmers picking (I know, yechhh!) to control Market on the first Thursday of insects. I recommend buying insec- each month. ticidal soap, whether pre-mixed or some warm season vegetables. The next free Water Wise in concentrate form, from a nursery. It’s most likely a bit too late to presentation will be Saturday, Au- Concentrate is much cheaper in the plant tomato plants, although ear- gust 8 from 9:00—11:30 AM in long run. If you do choose to use ly varieties such as ‘Early Girl’, the University of Arizona South insecticidal soap concentrate, mix it ‘Patio’, and many cherry types PMR. Jan Groth, Master Gardener, carefully according to label instruc- should still yield decently before will speak on Plant Now: 20 Most tions. There’s a fine line between frost strikes. If you haven’t plant- Successful Landscape Plants. Late insecticidal soap and herbicidal ed your peppers, chiles, winter summer to early fall is the BEST soap.
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