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The Uncertain Relationship Between Social Capital and Inequality in the Fields of Corporate Food Production

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The Uncertain Relationship Between Social Capital and Inequality in the Fields of Corporate Food Production The uncertain relationship between social capital and inequality in the fields of corporate food production Bruce Thomas Rose ORCID identifier 0000-0001-6601-8666 Doctor of Philosophy July 2021 Faculty of Arts School of Social and Political Sciences Submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy - Arts, The University of Melbourne Abstract In advanced liberal democracies, the state seeks to create a distance between the decisions of formal political institutions and those whom they aim to govern. In doing so, the state devolves governance in ways that align with Foucault’s notion of governmentality; organising things such that people self-govern without necessarily being aware that their conduct is being conducted. The most significant characterisation of this phenomenon has been the dismantling of activities previously undertaken by the state, such as the provision of social support, and transferring responsibility for these activities to civil society. For regional communities that are physically remote from political institutions, one consequence of this reconfiguration is a sense of political abandonment. In these circumstances local elites can emerge whose primary objective is to garner from those whom they regard as ‘outsiders’, the resources they believe their community needs and is entitled to. This research contributes to scholarship within anthropology that challenges the way we think about elites. It also provides ethnographic evidence that challenges the stability of Foucault’s notion of governmentality. I explore how a powerful clique of locals, who are emotionally and economically invested in corporate food production in regional Victoria, mediate resources with other elites engaged in neoliberal philanthropy in order to address the kinds of socio-economic inequalities that appear to have divided their community during their region’s transitioning to this neoliberal form of production. Whilst these two groups initially collaborated, their conflicting narratives regarding disadvantage and the resistance they encountered from other elites who did not regard their involvement as essential, caused them to ‘lock horns’, eventually diminishing the impact of their shared endeavour. This ethnography exposes risks that can compromise efforts to address complex social issues such as rising socio-economic inequality by transferring responsibility for their governance to local elites whose interests may be conflicted and who are largely unaccountable. i Declaration I, Bruce Rose, declare that: i. this thesis comprises only my original work towards the Doctor of Philosophy; ii. due acknowledgement has been made in the text to all other material used; and iii. this thesis is fewer than the maximum word limit length, exclusive of tables, maps, bibliographies and appendices. ---------------------------------------- 30/7/2021 ii Acknowledgements I am writing this acknowledgement whilst eating a slice of freshly home baked ‘celebration cake’ and drinking yet another cup of coffee. In the background is the sound of my grandsons playing. This moment is a mixture of joy and relief -- in equal measure. The relief of finishing what has been a fabulous but at times stressful journey and the joy of realising that I will shortly be joining the chaos that is unfolding in the back garden. I would not be where I am without the support, enthusiasm, encouragement and generosity of family, friends, colleagues and participants. Nor would I have embarked on this journey as freely if it were not for the financial support provided through the Australian Government Research Training Program scholarship. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my primary supervisor Dr Erin Fitz-Henry for sharing my belief in this project, guiding me through the maze that is graduate research, encouraging me to keep probing, reminding me on occasions to be more reflective, and purging my over-use of commas and semi-colons in endless ‘first drafts’. I would also like to express my sincere gratitude to my second supervisor, Professor Andrew Dawson whose feedback throughout has opened up new perspectives for my research. This research would of course not have been possible without my participants, the fifty people who gave generously of their time, opened doors in walls that before I went to Shepparton I never knew existed. I am particularly grateful for the faith shown by those who entrusted me with their personal archives, only asking that I return them whenever they had served their purpose. My journey would not have been possible nor have meant the same to me if it were not for our family. Our children have preceded me on this path and have been a constant source of encouragement and inspiration. Similarly, my choice to return to study after a forty-two year ‘gap year’ came with the unconditional blessing of Margaret whom I doubt envisaged the last few years to include proof-reading, listening to my ‘thinking aloud’ about Shepparton, and needing to encourage me to “just write it”. iii Table of Contents Abstract ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------ i Declaration ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------- ----------------------- ii Acknowledgement ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- iii Chapter 1: Introduction ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------- ---------------------- 1 1. Primary problem ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 2. Contribution ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 3. Theoretical model ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9 4. Methodology ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 18 5. Thesis chapter outline --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 25 Chapter 2: Tale of two cities ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 28 1. From co-operatives to corporates ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 29 2. “We drive our own future here” ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 36 3. Employment and education -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 40 4. Making vulnerable people more vulnerable --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 43 5. Summary -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 49 Chapter 3: Elites -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 51 1. Defining elites ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 52 2. Corporate-identified local elites -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 58 3. ‘Flex net’ or not? ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 71 4. Summary -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 73 Chapter 4: Biopolitics and socio-economic inequality --------------------------------------- 76 1. Biopolitics: tobacco, mascara and ‘clever food people’ ---------------------------- 77 2. Self-inflicted
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