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A Fish Habitat Management Plan for the Bay of Quinte Prepared By

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A Fish Habitat Management Plan for the Bay of Quinte Prepared By A Fish Habitat Management Plan for the Bay of Quinte Prepared by: Paul Johanson and Brad McNevin Bay of Quinte Remedial Action Plan March 31, 2007 Acknowledgements Preparation of this plan has been made possible by financial support from the Government of Canada’s Great Lakes Sustainability Fund and the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, through the Canada-Ontario Agreement (COA). Although the report has been subject to review, it does not necessarily reflect the views of the Sustainability Fund (Government of Canada) or the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................1 1.1 Background information ..................................................................................................2 1.1.1 Location and characteristics of the Bay of Quinte.......... 2 1.1.2 Fish habitat impacts in the Bay of Quinte....................... 4 1.1.3 Fish community – changes through time...................... 12 2.0 Partners in fish habitat conservation.............................................................................................15 2.1 Government agencies ...................................................................................................15 2.1.1 Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO).. 15 2.1.2 Environment Canada (EC) ........................................... 16 2.1.3 Parks Canada............................................................... 16 2.1.4 Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR).............. 16 2.1.5 Ontario Ministry of the Environment (MOE) ................. 17 2.1.6 Department of National Defence (DND)....................... 17 2.2 Local governments........................................................................................................17 2.2.1 Municipal....................................................................... 17 2.2.2 Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte (MBQ).......................... 17 2.3 Non-government agencies ............................................................................................18 2.3.1 Conservation Authorities (CAs) .................................... 18 2.3.2 Stakeholders and conservation groups........................ 18 3.0 Purpose and plan development....................................................................................................19 3.1 Purpose ...............................................................................................................................19 3.2 Steering committee members .............................................................................................19 3.3 Development of strategies...................................................................................................19 3.4 Management context...........................................................................................................20 3.5 Plan area .............................................................................................................................20 3.6 Delisting criteria...................................................................................................................20 3.6.1 Fish habitat interim delisting criteria.................................... 21 3.6.2 Fish populations interim delisting criteria............................ 25 4.0 Focal areas and recommendations ..............................................................................................29 Focal area 1: Habitat management...........................................................................................30 Focal area 2: Research, monitoring and assessment...............................................................32 Focal area 3: Public education and involvement.......................................................................36 Focal area 4: Habitat protection and rehabilitation....................................................................36 5.0 Plan implementation and assessment..........................................................................................44 5.1 Concluding remarks ......................................................................................................44 6.0 References ....................................................................................................................................45 List of Figures Figure 1. Bay of Quinte Remedial Action Plan Fish Habitat Management Plan study area. ....... 3 Figure 2. Aerial photographs of Bayside Marsh, October 22, 1931 (top) and May 2, 1993 (bottom), illustrating the impact of urban development on coastal wetland habitat. ..... 6 Figure 3. Aerial photographs of Zwicks Island, Belleville, December 3, 1948 (top) and May 6, 1992 (bottom), illustrating the infilling of coastal wetland habitat at the mouth of the Moira River. ................................................................................................................... 7 Figure 4. Map of the upper bay, Bay of Quinte, showing wetlands and depth contours............... 8 Figure 5. Map of the middle and lower bays, Bay of Quinte, showing wetlands and depth contours. ........................................................................................................................ 9 Figure 6. Shoreline ecosystem diagram. ..................................................................................... 11 List of Tables Table 1. Summary of Impaired Beneficial Uses, as defined by the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement, for the Bay of Quinte Area of Concern................................................................ 1 Table 2. Summary of significant impacts on fish habitat in the Bay of Quinte............................... 5 Table 3. Overview of the Bay of Quinte fish community from prior to the 1950’s to 2002........... 12 Table 4. Bay of Quinte species of concern and habitat issues. ................................................... 14 Table 5. BQRAP interim delisting targets for IBU 14: loss of fish and wildlife habitat. Shaded rows relate primarily to the wildlife component of IBU 14..................................................... 22 Table 6. BQRAP interim delisting criteria for IBU 3: degradation of fish and wildlife populations (fish populations only)........................................................................................................... 26 Appendices Appendix I List of acronyms Appendix IIa Fish species list for the Bay of Quinte IIb Species of special concern in the Bay of Quinte IIc Non-indigenous fish species found in Lake Ontario Appendix III DFO’s Policy Framework for Fish Habitat Management Appendix IV Summary of recommendations applicable to partner groups 1.0 Introduction In 1985, the Bay of Quinte was identified as one of 43 Great Lakes Areas of Concern (AOCs), due, in part, to excessive nutrient enrichment, nuisance algal growth, low concentration of dissolved oxygen in bottom waters and localized bacterial concerns (Bay of Quinte Remedial Action Plan 1990). AOCs are severely degraded geographic areas within the Great Lakes Basin and are defined by the U.S.-Canada Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement (GLWQA) as "geographic areas that fail to meet the general or specific objectives of the agreement where such failure has caused or is likely to cause impairment of beneficial use of the area's ability to support aquatic life" (GLIN 2005). An impaired beneficial use (IBU) is defined as a change in the chemical, physical or biological integrity of the Great Lakes system that is sufficient to cause any of the fourteen scenarios listed in Table 1. Table 1. Summary of Impaired Beneficial Uses, as defined by the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement, for the Bay of Quinte Area of Concern. Bay of Impaired Beneficial Use Quinte 9 1. Restrictions on fish and wildlife consumption x 2. Tainting of fish and wildlife flavour 9 3.1 Degradation of fish populations x 3.2 Degradation of wildlife populations ? 4. Fish tumours or other deformities x 5. Bird or animal deformities or reproduction problems 9 6. Degradation of benthos 9 7. Restrictions on dredging activities 9 8. Eutrophication or undesirable algae 9 9. Restrictions on drinking water consumption, or taste and odour problems 9 10. Beach closings 9 11. Degradation of aesthetics x 12. Added costs to agriculture or industry 9 13. Degradation of phytoplankton and zooplankton populations 9 14.1 Loss of fish habitat 9 14.2 Loss of wildlife habitat 9 - identified as an IBU for the Bay of Quinte AOC x - not identified as an IBU for the Bay of Quinte AOC ? - undergoing further evaluation The GLWQA directs the Canadian and American federal governments to cooperate with state and provincial governments to develop and implement Remedial Action Plans (RAPs) for each AOC to restore and protect the impaired beneficial uses within their area (GLIN 2005). Remedial Action Plans identify specific problems in an AOC and provide recommended actions for correcting them. As outlined in Annex 2 of the GLWQA, each RAP should take an ecosystem approach to restoring and protecting beneficial uses in AOCs. Ten IBUs were identified for the Bay of Quinte AOC in the 1990 BQRAP Stage I document, Environmental Setting and Problem Definition (see Table 1). The IBU related to fish tumours is still being investigated to determine if it applies to the Bay of Quinte. Section 1: Introduction 1 One of the IBU’s identified was the loss of fish habitat (IBU #14.1). Given
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