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Estudo Sobre a Cooperación Transfronteiriza En Europa FASE II

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Estudo Sobre a Cooperación Transfronteiriza En Europa FASE II Estudo sobre a Cooperación Transfronteiriza en Europa FASE II 1 Índice 1) Introdución 3 2) Base de Datos das Eurorrexións de Cooperación Transfronteiriza 4 2.1) Clasificación da Base de Datos das Eurorrexións a) Activas: - Eurorrexións: Euregios, Eurodistritos e Rexións - Consellos - Comisións - Comunidades de Traballo - Comités - Conferencias - Cooperación -Agrupacións Europeas de Cooperación Transfronteiriza (AECT) b) Irregulares 3) Anticipación e Predición de Actuacións en diversos ámbitos 240 da Cooperación Transfronteiriza. Reflexións e Iniciativas 3.1) Análise da Base de Datos 240 3.2) Iniciativas, Propostas e Recomendacións 244 3.3) Inventario de Boas Prácticas 252 4) Retos e oportunidades para a Cooperación Transfronteiriza 250 no período 2013-2020 4.1) Redefinición ante un contexto de crise económica 250 4.2) O Programa de Cooperación Transfronteiriza España-Portugal POCTEP 251 4.3) Ampliando a Política Europea de Veciñanza 251 5) Xustificación e necesidade do Laboratorio Europeo 256 de Cooperación Transfronteiriza - América Latina - Lusofonía - África - Magreb e Mediterráneo - Sueste asiático, Asia Central e Cáucaso 6) Conclusións 261 7) Bibliografía 269 2 1) INTRODUCIÓN A segunda entrega do presente Estudo sobre a Cooperación Transfronteiriza en Europa”, correspondente ás Fases III e IV, enfocase na perspectiva de discernir e reflexionar sobre o estado das diversas Eurorrexións así como na elaboración de propostas, iniciativas, áreas de actuación e as respectivas conclusións sobre o modelo de Cooperación Transfronteiriza. Esta entrega aborda nunha metodoloxía baseada en tres parámetros: Diagnose Análise , e Conclusións. A Fase III implica os aspectos da Diagnose e da Análise e divídese en catro segmentos principais: o primeiro aborda unha perspectiva mais detallada sobre as Eurorrexións identificadas de forma cronolóxica na I Fase, a través da elaboración dunha Base de Datos que contén as 162 entidades de Cooperación Transfronteiriza actualmente existentes no espazo europeo. Deste modo, e realizando unha revisión das súas páxinas web oficiais e doutros enderezos na rede, esta clasificación identifica unha división entre Eurorrexións activas, actualmente operativas, incluíndo as súas respectivas divisións por denominación oficial (Euregios, Comisións, AECT´s, etc); e as Eurorrexións irregulares, con especial atención naquelas entidades con escasa información e desactualización das súas actividades. Esta Base de Datos agrupa unha serie de indicadores básicos que permitan constituír un mapa elaborado sobre as Eurorrexións tales como mapa, logo, data de creación, países e rexións membro, superficie, poboación, tipo de cooperación, características, sede, áreas de traballo, etc. O segundo e terceiro segmentos implican un proceso de anticipación e predición de actuacións en diversos ámbitos da Cooperación Transfronteiriza, que motiven á reflexión e á elaboración de iniciativas de actuación. Aquí se aborda unha reflexión sobre as propostas e iniciativas, retos e oportunidades que se presentan para a Cooperación Transfronteiriza, con especial atención ao próximo período de apertura de fondos europeos 2014-2020. Finalmente, o cuarto segmento considera a xustificación e necesidade de creación do Laboratorio Europeo de Cooperación Transfronteiriza como ferramenta e centro de análise e de prospectivas do modelo de Cooperación Transfronteiriza europea, e que sirva como referencia para outros ámbitos e realidades de carácter xeográfico e xeopolítico: América Latina, Asia-Pacífico, Lusofonía, etc A Fase IV aborda o proceso de Conclusión dese Estudo, na que se elaboran os seus resultados, un inventario de boas prácticas e as recomendacións, con perspectiva na inclusión deste Estudo e a base de datos nas páxinas http://www.galicia- nortept.org/index.php/es/home e http://www.gnpaect.eu/. Esta perspectiva igualmente implicaría o seguimento, mantemento e actualización da base anterior e da páxina web da CTG-NP, con especial incidencia no mantemento das contas de correo electrónico, na actualización de contidos e Bases de Datos, a inclusión de noticias, novas secciones e contidos, así como a realización periódica de cambios, modificacións e actualizacións e dun eventual informe mensual do ritmo de vida da web en internet e unha supervisión semestral. 3 2) BASE DE DATOS DAS EURORREXIÓNS DE COOPERACIÓN TRANSFRONTEIRIZA A continuación ofrecese unha Base de Datos sobre os 162 casos de Cooperación Territorial Transfronteiriza en Europa identificadas no período comprendido entre 1958 e 2012. Os mesmos obedecen a diversas modalidades, tales como Consellos, Asociacións de Cidades, Conferencias, Comisións, Agrupacións Europeas de Cooperación Transfronteirizas (AECT´s), etc, así como outras incluso que non teñen fronteira común nin conexión de carácter histórico e cultural. Esta Base de Datos constitúe unha lista temporal concibida con perspectivas de actualización ante a eventual ampliación das Eurorrexións, especialmente nos derradeiros anos ante a creación da figura das Agrupacións Europeas de Cooperación Territorial (AECT), que lle confiren a estas entidades de personalidade xurídica. Por tanto, esta Base de Datos identifica a aquelas Eurorrexións constituídas que contemplaron a creación de Agrupacións Europeas de Cooperación Territorial (AECT), así como as AECT´s creadas con posterioridade pero que non se constituíron por medio de Eurorrexións xa existentes. Na actualidade existe 31 casos de AECT(1), aínda que algunhas delas xa inseridas en Eurorrexións como a Comunidade de Traballo Galicia- Norte de Portugal. Esta Base de Datos contempla unha división de carácter conceptual, establecido baixo os seguintes parámetros: a) Eurorrexións activas: focalízanse nos casos de Eurorrexións cuxa fluidez e periodicidade das súas actividades confirman a súa vixencia, con especial incidencia na actualización das súas respectivas páxinas web e da revisión das súas Actividades, Axenda, Prensa, etc. Dentro desta variable igualmente se dividen aquelas entidades por Denominación e nome oficial: AECT´s, Asociacións, Comunidades de Traballo, Comités, Conferencias, etc. Compre salientar que, no caso das AECT´s, algunhas delas foron creadas a partir de Comunidades de Traballo, Eurodistritos, etc, polo que na presente clasificación serán colocadas no apartado das AECT; b) Eurorrexións Irregulares: neste apartado consideramos aquelas Eurorrexións cuxa vixencia e actividades atopanse temporalmente paralizadas, por mor da escasa ou case inexistente actualización das súas respectivas páxinas web, así como da inexistencia de páxinas web operativas que permitan identificar as súas actividades e información, e daquelas que practicamente xa non son operativas pero que oficialmente aínda non desapareceron. (1) Segundo a páxina web do Comité de Rexións da Unión Europea, actualizada ata o 3 de outubro de 2012: http://portal.cor.europa.eu/egtc/en-US/Documents/2012-10- 03%20list%20of%20existing%20EGTC_EN.pdf (en inglés) 4 Como referencia de identificación desta Base de Datos(2), utilizamos os seguintes parámetros: Nome da entidade: Logo: Mapa: Ano de creación: Países e rexións membro: Sede: Website: Contacto: Tipo de cooperación: dividida a súa vez en: mI: microcooperación Integrada; MI: Macrocooperación Integrada; mE: microcooperación Emerxente; MA: Macrocooperación Emerxente; (Nivel de Cooperación) L: Local R: Rexional Características: Áreas de traballo: Para definir o apartado do Tipo de cooperación(3) existente na presente Base de Datos, consideramos a seguinte clasificación conceptual: - microcooperación Integrada (mI): Define a aquelas entidades ou organismos de Cooperación Transfronteiriza creados de facto ou de carácter autónomo, previstos a través de acordos ou convenios interestatais, con personalidade xurídica no dereito público ou privado e cun ámbito (2) Tal e como aconteceu na Fase I do presente Estudo, esta clasificación das entidades de Cooperación Transfronteiriza en Europa toma como especial referencia a lista elaborada de forma cronolóxica no artigo anteriormente referenciado de OLIVERAS GONZÁLEZ, Xavier, DURÀ GUIMERÀ, Antoni e PERKMANN, Markus (2010), “Las Regiones transfronterizas: balance de la regionalización de la cooperación transfronteriza en Europa (1958-2007)”, Documents d´Anàlisi Geográfica, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Vol. 56/1. Ver en: http://www.raco.cat/index.php/DocumentsAnalisi/article/viewFile/194167/260278. Esta lista, con case total probabilidade a mais completa clasificación que existe na bibliografía sobre as entidades de Cooperación Transfronteiriza en Europa, está actualizada ata mediados de 2012. Compre igualmente salientar que esta Base de Datos complétase coa listaxe 2011 das Eurorrexións realizada pola Asociación de Rexións Fronteirizas Europeas, ARFE (http://www.aebr.eu/en/members/list_of_members.php) (3) Esta clasificación sobre os Tipos e Niveis de Cooperación toma como especial referencia o anteriormente citado artigo de OLIVERAS GONZÁLEZ, Xavier, DURÀ GUIMERÀ, Antoni e PERKMANN, Markus (2010), “Las Regiones transfronterizas: balance de la regionalización de la cooperación transfronteriza en Europa (1958-2007)”, op.cit, o cal explica cunha maior exactitude estes tipos e niveis de cooperación institucional. Para completar esta perspectiva, compre igualmente consultar o artigo de CHE PIU DEZA, Hugo; “La Institucionalización de la Cooperación Transfronteiriza en Perú” (http://www.research.utep.edu/LinkClick.aspx?link=023.pdf&tabid=24752&mid=80676), onde se explica que o proceso de “micro integración” corresponde á necesidade
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