Canada, the “Global War on Terror” and the Mission in Afghanistan a Chronology Drawn from the Globe and Mail
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Canada, the “Global War on Terror” and the Mission in Afghanistan A Chronology Drawn from the Globe and Mail Jordan Axani Royal Military College of Canada DRDC CORA CR 2010–163 August 2010 Defence R&D Canada Centre for Operational Research and Analysis Strategic Analysis Section Canada, the "Global War on Terror" and the Mission in Afghanistan A Chronology Drawn from the Globe and Mail Jordan Axani Royal Military College of Canada Prepared By: Jordan Axani Royal Military College of Canada P.O. Box 17000 Stn Forces Kingston, ON K7B 7B4 Royal Military College of Canada Contract Project Manager: Dr. Michael Hennessy, (613) 541-6000 ext 6845 CSA: Neil Chuka, Defence Scientist, (613) 998-2332 The scientific or technical validity of this Contract Report is entirely the responsibility of the Contractor and the contents do not necessarily have the approval or endorsement of Defence R&D Canada. Defence R&D Canada – CORA Contract Report DRDC CORA CR 2010-163 August 2010 Principal Author Original signed by Jordan Axani Jordan Axani Contractor Approved by Original signed by Stephane Lefebvre Stephane Lefebvre DRDC CORA Section Head Strategic Analysis Approved for release by Original signed by Dean Haslip, PhD Dean Haslip, PhD DRDC CORA Acting Chief Scientist This work was conducted in support of the Influence Activities Capability Assessement Applied Research Project being led by Mr. Neil Chuka, strategic analyst, DRDC CORA. Defence R&D Canada – Centre for Operational Research and Analysis (CORA) © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of National Defence, 2010 © Sa Majesté la Reine (en droit du Canada), telle que représentée par le ministre de la Défense nationale, 2010 Abstract …….. This report is a chronology of Canada’s involvement in the “Global War on Terror” and in Afghanistan, with a focus on the military aspect. Developed through the use of articles published in the Globe and Mail newspaper that had either relevant titles or content from September 2001 to 31 March 2010, it intends to create a timeline of Canadian political and military activities during this period based on the reporting of a major Canadian media source. This work was done in support of the DRDC CORA Applied Research Project entitled “Influence Activities Capability Assessment.” This work was conducted simultaneous to the development of two other chronologies: one identical to this study but which employs articles from the National Post newspaper, and the second providing a timeline of Canadian military activities related to the Global War on Terror and the engagement in Afghanistan developed using unclassified source material. The Globe and Mail and the National Post were chosen as the information sources for the two media chronologies because, in general, the two publications tend to possess different editorial stances. The Globe tends to adopt a centrist-left political viewpoint while the Post tends towards a centrist-right stance. This is of course a generalization that does not always hold true but, for the purposes of this project it is sufficiently accurate. The use of these different media sources allows comparison of how a given incident or story was reported. The overall goal is the creation of a set of research tools with which military activities (including those of Canada’s adversary’s) can be cross-referenced with reporting in the Canadian national media. Résumé …..... Ce rapport contractuel est une chronologie de l’engagement du Canada en Afghanistan et dans la lutte contre le terrorisme, avec une attention particulière portée à l’aspect militaire. Il a été élaboré en se basant sur des articles publiés dans le Globe and Mail entre septembre 2001 et le 31 mars 2010 qui avaient soit un titre, soit un contenu pertinent; il a pour but d’établir une chronologie des activités politiques et militaires du Canada pendant cette période en se basant sur les informations relayées par une source média canadienne de premier plan. Ce travail a été fait pour étayer le projet de recherche appliquée du CARO RDDC intitulé « Évaluation de la capacité en matière d’activités d’influence ». Ce travail a été mené parallèlement à l’élaboration de deux autres chronologies : l’une, identique à cette étude, mais se servant d’articles provenant du National Post, et l’autre fournissant une chronologie des activités militaires canadiennes en lien avec la lutte mondiale contre le terrorisme et l’engagement en Afghanistan, élaborée en se basant sur des sources non classifiées. Le Globe and Mail et le National Post ont été choisis comme sources d’informations pour les deux chronologies basées sur les médias, car les deux publications ont tendance, d’une façon générale, à avoir des positions éditoriales différentes. Le Globe a tendance à adopter des points de vue politiques de centre gauche, tandis que le Post se situe plutôt au centre droit. Il s’agit bien entendu d’une généralisation qui ne s’avère pas toujours vraie, mais qui est suffisamment juste pour les besoins de ce projet. L’utilisation de ces différentes sources média nous permet de comparer la manière dont un incident donné ou une histoire va être rapporté. Le but général est de créer un ensemble d’outils de recherche grâce auquel les activités militaires (y compris celles des ennemis du Canada) peuvent être recoupées avec les comptes rendus qui en sont faits dans les médias nationaux canadiens. DRDC CORA CR 2010-163 i This page intentionally left blank. ii DRDC CORA CR 2010-163 Executive summary Canada, the "Global War on Terror" and the Mission in Afghanistan: A Chronology Drawn from the Globe and Mail Jordan Axani; DRDC CORA CR 2010-163; Defence R&D Canada – CORA; August 2010. Introduction: This report is a chronology of Canada’s involvement in the ‘Global War on Terror’ and in Afghanistan, with a focus on the military aspect. Developed through the use of articles published in the Globe and Mail newspaper that had either relevant titles or content from September 2001 to 31 March 2010, it intends to create a timeline of Canadian political and military activities during this period based on the reporting of a major Canadian media source. This work was done in support of the DRDC CORA Applied Research Project entitled “Influence Activities Capability Assessment.” Competing narratives have played a large role in both the War on Terror and the conflict in Afghanistan as the various parties, including Canada, have sought to influence perceptions, thought, and behaviour. The media is one means by which a desired story is disseminated through reporting on both the words and deeds of the various actors involved in the conflicts. This is not to suggest that the Canadian government or any of its agencies have purposefully attempted to mislead the public through the Canadian media. However, it is undeniable that our adversaries have attempted as much by disseminating misleading or incomplete information, timing the release of information to coincide with specific actions, and other such activities. The Canadian government, its agencies, and her allies do, however, release information to the media for dissemination to a wider audience. Results: This work was conducted simultaneous to the development of two other chronologies: one identical to this study but which employs articles from the National Post newspaper, and the second providing a timeline of Canadian military activities related to the Global War on Terror and the engagement in Afghanistan developed using unclassified source material. The Globe and Mail and the National Post were chosen as the information sources for the two media chronologies because, in general, the two publications tend to possess different editorial stances. The Globe tends to adopt a centrist-left political viewpoint while Post tends towards a centrist- right stance. This is of course a generalization that does not always hold true but, for the purposes of this project it is sufficiently accurate. Significance: The use of these different media sources allows comparison of how a given incident or story was reported. The overall goal is the creation of a set of research tools with which military activities (including those of Canada’s adversary’s) can be cross-referenced with reporting in the Canadian national media. Future plans: This chronology to be used to assist in the analysis required for the DRDC CORA Influence Activities Capability Assessment applied research project. DRDC CORA CR 2010-163 iii Sommaire ..... Canada, the "Global War on Terror" and the Mission in Afghanistan: A Chronology Drawn from the Globe and Mail Jordan Axani; DRDC CORA CR 2010-163; R & D pour la défense Canada – CORA; Août 2010. Introduction: Ce rapport est une chronologie de l’engagement du Canada en Afghanistan et dans la lutte contre le terrorisme, avec une attention particulière portée à l’aspect militaire. Il a été élaboré en se basant sur des articles publiés dans le Globe and Mail entre septembre 2001 et le 31 mars 2010 qui avaient soit un titre, soit un contenu pertinent; il a pour but d’établir une chronologie des activités politiques et militaires du Canada pendant cette période en se basant sur les informations relayées par une source média canadienne de premier plan. Ce travail a été fait pour étayer le projet de recherche appliquée du CARO RDDC intitulé « Évaluation de la capacité en matière d’activités d’influence ». Les récits antagonistes ont joué un rôle important, à la fois dans la lutte contre le terrorisme et le conflit en Afghanistan, alors que les différents acteurs, y compris le Canada, ont cherché à influencer les perceptions, les façons de penser et les comportements. Les médias sont un des moyens par lesquels on peut propager l’histoire que l’on veut en rapportant les paroles et les agissements des différents intervenants dans le conflit.