23 Août 2004
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
ICTR-00-56-A AUGUSTIN NDINDILIYIMANA APPEALS CHAMBER FRANÇOIS-XAVIER NZUWONEMEYE INNOCENT SAGAHUTU V
THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL TRIBUNAL FOR RWANDA CASE NO.: ICTR-00-56-A AUGUSTIN NDINDILIYIMANA APPEALS CHAMBER FRANÇOIS-XAVIER NZUWONEMEYE INNOCENT SAGAHUTU v. THE PROSECUTOR OF THE TRIBUNAL TUESDAY, 11 FEBRUARY 2014 1402H APPEAL JUDGEMENT Before the Judges: Judge Theodor Meron, Presiding Judge Liu Daqun Judge Carmel Agius Judge Khalida Rachid Khan Judge Bakhtiyar Tuzmukhamedov For the Registry: Mr. Douglass Hansen Mr. John Tumati For the Prosecution: Mr. Hassan Bubacar Jallow Mr. James Arguin Mr. Abubacarr Tambadou Ms. Thembile M. Segoete Mr. Takeh Sendze Ms. Christiana Fomenky Ms. Sunkarie Ballah-Conteh Ms. Betty Mbabazi Mr. Deo Mbuto For the Accused Augustin Ndindiliyimana: Mr. Christopher Black Mr. Vincent Lurquin For the Accused François-Xavier Nzuwonemeye: Mr. Charles Taku Ms. Beth Lyons For the Accused Innocent Sagahutu: Mr. Fabien Segatwa Mr. Scott Martin Court Reporter: Deirdre O'Mahony NDINDILIYIMANA ET AL TUESDAY, 11 FEBRUARY 2014 1 P R O C E E D I N G S 2 3 MR. PRESIDENT: 4 Good afternoon to everybody. 5 6 Registrar, would you please call the case. 7 MR HANSEN: 8 Thank you, Your Honour. 9 10 The Appeals Chamber of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, composed of Judge Meron, 11 presiding; Judge Liu, Judge Agius, Judge Khan, and Judge Tuzmukhamedov is now sitting in open 12 session today, Tuesday, the 11th of February 2014 for the delivery of the appeal judgement in the 13 matter of Augustin Ndindiliyimana, François-Xavier Nzuwonemeye and Innocent Sagahutu verses the 14 Prosecutor, Case No. ICTR-00-56-A. 15 MR. PRESIDENT: 16 Mr. Ndindiliyimana, can you follow the proceedings in a language you understand? 17 APPELLANT NDINDILIMANA: 18 Yes, sir, I can follow the proceedings in French. -
Press Clippings
SPECIAL COURT FOR SIERRA LEONE OUTREACH AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS OFFICE A downtown view of central Freetown from above Hill Cot Road. PRESS CLIPPINGS Enclosed are clippings of local and international press on the Special Court and related issues obtained by the Outreach and Public Affairs Office as at: Friday, 20 May 2011 Press clips are produced Monday through Friday. Any omission, comment or suggestion, please contact Martin Royston-Wright Ext 7217 2 International News Ouattara Asks ICC to Investigate Post-Poll Violence / RFI Page 3 ICTR Prosecutor Welcomes Ex-Army Chief's Sentence / The New Times Page 4 Military Officers Convicted of Killing of Premier / Hirondelle News Agency Page 5 State Seeks to Reply to Ocampo's Claims / The Standard Page 6 3 Thursday, 19 May 2011 Ouattara Asks ICC to Investigate Post-Poll Violence Côte d'Ivoire's President Alassane Ouattara has asked the International Criminal Court (ICC) to open an investigation into the violence that swept the country following the disputed November election. Ouattara sent a letter, dated 3 May, to ICC President Luis Moreno-Ocampo asking the court to investigate "the most serious crimes committed since 28 November 2010 throughout the Ivorian territory". ICC Chief Prosecutor Luis Moreno-Ocampo has said his office is preparing to launch a formal investigation into mass killings which allegedly took place in the west African country. There were reports of a massacre of several hundred people in Duékoué, in the west of the country, in the fighting that followed November's presidential election. The UN, the African Union and the European Union all recognised Ouattara as the rightful winner. -
We Are Going to Rape You and Taste Tutsi Women”: Rape During the 1994 Rwandan Genocide
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by OpenSIUC “We are going to rape you and taste Tutsi women”: Rape During the 1994 Rwandan Genocide Christopher W. Mullins Center for the Study of Crime, Delinquency and Corrections Southern Illinois University Carbondale Word count: 8883 This paper was made possible by the author’s receipt of the Charles Hill Research Excellence Award given by the University of Northern Iowa’s College of Social and Behavioral Science. I gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Jessica Braccio for helping organize the data and Robin M. Cardwell-Mullins for helpful comments on an earlier draft. Please direct all correspondence to Christopher W. Mullins, Faner Hall 4226 Mail Code 4504 Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale IL 62901 USA, 618-453-6368, fax 618-453-6377, email: [email protected] Abstract Over the past decades, scholars have paid greater attention to sexual violence, in both theorization and empirical analysis. One area which has been largely ignored, however, is the sexual violence during times of armed conflict. This paper examines the nature and dynamics of sexual violence as it occurred during the 1994 Rwandan genocide. Drawing upon testimonies given to the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), descriptions of rapes--both singular and mass—were qualitatively analyzed. In general, three broad types of assaults were identified: opportunistic, assaults which seemed to be a product of the disorder inherent within the conflict; episodes of sexual enslavement; and genocidal rapes, which were framed by the broader genocidal endeavors occurring at the time. -
Genocide in Rwanda: the Search for Justice 15 Years On
Genocide in Rwanda: The search for justice 15 years on. An overview of the horrific 100 days of violence, the events leading to them and the ongoing search for justice after 15 years. 6 April 2009 | The Hague On the fifteenth anniversary of the plane crash killing former President Habyarimana which sparked one-hundred days of Genocide in Rwanda slaughtering over 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus, the Hague Justice Portal reflects on some of the important decisions, notable cases and remaining gaps in the ICTR’s ongoing search for justice. On 8 November 1994, seven months after the passenger plane carrying President Juvénil Habyarimana was shot out of the sky on the evening of April 6 1994 triggering Genocide in the little-known central African state of Rwanda, the United Nations Security Council adopted Resolution 955 (1994) establishing the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR). The tribunal is mandated to prosecute “persons responsible for genocide and other serious violations of international humanitarian law”1, with its inaugural trial commencing on January 9 1997. According to Trial Chamber I, delivering its Judgment in this first case against a suspected génocidaire, “there is no doubt that considering their undeniable scale, their systematic nature and their atrociousness” the events of the 100 days subsequent to April 6, “were aimed at exterminating the group that was targeted.”2 Indeed, given the nature and extent of the violence between April and July 1994, it is unsurprising that the ICTR has been confronted with genocide charges in nearly every case before it. Within hours of the attack on the President’s plane roadblocks had sprung up throughout Kigali and the killings began; the Hutu Power radio station, RTLM, rife with conspiracy, goading listeners with anti-Tutsi propaganda. -
Ndindilyimana Et
INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL TRIBUNAL FOR RWANDA TRIAL CHAMBER II Before: Judge Asoka de Silva, Presiding Judge Judge Taghrid Hikmet Judge Seon Ki Park Registrar: Adama Dieng Date: 17 May 2011 PROSECUTOR Against Augustin NDINDILIYIMANA Augustin BIZIMUNGU François-Xavier NZUWONEMEYE Innocent SAGAHUTU Case No. ICTR-00-56-T SUMMARY OF JUDGEMENT AND SENTENCE Office of the Counsel for the Defence Prosecutor: Mr. Alphonse Van Mr. Christopher Black & Mr. Vincent Mr. Moussa Sefon Lurquin for Augustin Ndindiliyimana Mr. Lloyd Strickland Mr. Gilles St. Laurent & Mr. Benoît Mr.Abubacarr Tambadou Henry for Augustin Bizimungu Ms. Faria Rekkas Mr. Charles Taku & Ms. Beth Lyons for F. X. Nzuwonemeye Mr. Fabian Segatwa & Mr. Saidou Doumbia for Innocent Sagahutu 17 May 2011 The Prosecutor v. Ndindiliyimana et al, ICTR-00-56-T CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 2 II. EVENTS IN RWANDA AFTER 6 APRIL 1994 ........................................................................ 2 III. PRELIMINARY ISSUES ........................................................................................................... 3 IV. FACTUAL FINDINGS ............................................................................................................... 3 A. COUNT 1: CONSPIRACY TO COMMIT GENOCIDE ........................................................................... 3 B. COUNTS 2 AND 3: GENOCIDE AND COMPLICITY IN GENOCIDE IN THE ALTERNATIVE .................. -
ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS Studia Historica Upsaliensia 264
ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS Studia Historica Upsaliensia 264 Utgivna av Historiska institutionen vid Uppsala universitet genom Margaret Hunt och Maria Ågren Cover Photo: Nyamata Church, Rwanda Photographer: Ben Curtis, Associated Press Cover Layout: Kerri Sandell Olov Simonsson God Rests in Rwanda The Role of Religion in the 1994 Genocide in Rwanda Dissertation presented at Uppsala University to be publicly examined in Geijersalen, Thunbergsvägen 3P, Uppsala, Friday, 14 June 2019 at 09:15 for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. The examination will be conducted in English. Faculty examiner: Professor R. Scott Appleby. Abstract Simonsson, O. 2019. God Rests in Rwanda. The Role of Religion in the 1994 Genocide in Rwanda. Studia Historica Upsaliensia 264. 312 pp. Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. ISBN 978-91-513-0655-1. This study analyses the role of religion in the Rwandan genocide, providing new explanations to the complex dynamics of devaluation and victimisation processes in genocidal violence. The thesis explains how religion was used in different contexts prior to, during, and after the 1994 genocide. The following questions guide this study: What kinds of religious concepts and arguments were used in the context of the Rwandan genocide, and how? Why were they used and what did these concepts and arguments mean? Finally, did the meanings of the religious arguments change over time and between different contexts, and if so why? Texts from three sources were analysed: the Hutu extremist propaganda in Kangura magazine and in RTLM broadcasts, and testimonies from the ICTR trials. The analysis was guided by Roger Dale Petersen’s theory on Fear, Hatred, and Resentment, as well as theories on devaluation, social identity, self-victimisation, and competitive victimhood. -
ORIGINAL: ENGLISH TRIAL CHAMBER I Before: Judge Erik Møse
International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda Tribunal pénal international pour le Rwanda ORIGINAL: ENGLISH TRIAL CHAMBER I Before: Judge Erik Møse, presiding Judge Jai Ram Reddy Judge Sergei Alekseevich Egorov Registrar: Adama Dieng Date: 18 December 2008 THE PROSECUTOR v. Théoneste BAGOSORA Gratien KABILIGI Aloys NTABAKUZE Anatole NSENGIYUMVA Case No. ICTR-98-41-T JUDGEMENT AND SENTENCE Office of the Prosecutor: Counsel for the Defence: Barbara Mulvaney Raphaël Constant Christine Graham Allison Turner Kartik Murukutla Paul Skolnik Rashid Rashid Frédéric Hivon Gregory Townsend Peter Erlinder Drew White Kennedy Ogetto Gershom Otachi Bw’Omanwa The Prosecutor v. Théoneste Bagosora et al., Case No. ICTR-98-41-T TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION........................................................................................ 1 1. Overview ................................................................................................................... 1 2. The Accused ............................................................................................................. 8 2.1 Théoneste Bagosora ................................................................................................... 8 2.2 Gratien Kabiligi ....................................................................................................... 10 2.3 Aloys Ntabakuze ...................................................................................................... 10 2.4 Anatole Nsengiyumva ............................................................................................. -
Dr Hannah Tonkin
Dr Hannah Tonkin YEAR OF CALL: 2013 Hannah is dual qualified in Australia (New South Wales) and in England and Wales. Dr Hannah Tonkin is an experienced international lawyer specialising in international humanitarian law and policy, international human rights law and international criminal law. If you would like to get in touch with Hannah please contact the clerking team: [email protected] | +44 (0)20 7993 7600 INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS Dr Hannah Tonkin is currently the Principal Legal Officer (International Law) at the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine and Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA). She leads the programme of work on all issues related to international law across UNRWA's five fields of operation (Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, West Bank and Gaza) and provides strategic and technical leadership for the Agency's lawyers with a view to ensuring legally sound, timely, politically sensitive and consistent advice. Before commencing her current position, Hannah was the Director of Disability Rights at the Australian Human Rights Commission in Sydney. In that role she worked collaboratively with the disability sector and the Australian Government to remove discrimination and promote the rights of people with disability in Australia and around the world. Previously Hannah worked for 10 years at the UN and other international organisations around the world. She was the Head of UNRWA's Legal Office in Gaza from 2017 to 2019, where she managed a large team responsible for ensuring the provision of politically sensitive legal advice on a wide range of matters relating to UNRWA's operations in Gaza. -
Rwanda Assessment
RWANDA ASSESSMENT October 2001 Country Information and Policy Unit CONTENTS I SCOPE OF DOCUMENT 1.1 - 1.4 II GEOGRAPHY A Location and Climate 2.1 - 2.5 B Population 2.6 - 2.8 2.9 C Language III HISTORY A Military and Political Conflict, 1990 - 1994 3.1 - 3.4 B Genocide, April-July 1994 3.5 - 3.10 C The Aftermath, 1994-2001 3.11 - 3.30 D International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda 3.31 - 3.40 3.41 - 3.51 E The Economy IV INSTRUMENTS OF THE STATE A Government 4.1 - 4.11 B Judicial System 4.12 - 4.20 C Prisons 4.21 - 4.24 D Security 4.25 - 4.33 4.34 - 4.35 E International Instruments and General Practice V HUMAN RIGHTS A GENERAL ASSESSMENT 5.1 - 5.8 1 B SPECIFIC CONSIDERATION Freedom of Assembly and Political Association 5.9 - 5.13 Freedom of Religion 5.14 - 5.20 Freedom of Speech and of the Press 5.21 – 5.25 Ethnicity 5.26 - 5.31 Women and Children 5.32 - 5.47 C OTHER ISSUES Refugees, Freedom of Movement, Exit & Return 5.48 - 5.57 International Involvement 5.58 - 5.65 Regional Issues and Foreign Relations 5.66 - 5.71 5.72 - 5.73 Medical VI ANNEXES A CHRONOLOGY OF MAJOR EVENTS, 1899-2001 B PROMINENT PEOPLE C COMMON ABBREVIATIONS / POLITICAL GROUPS D BIBLIOGRAPHY I. SCOPE OF DOCUMENT 1.1 This assessment has been produced by the Country Information and Policy Unit, Immigration and Nationality Directorate of the Home Office, from information obtained from a variety of sources. -
General Assembly Security Council
United Nations A/69/206–S/2014/546 General Assembly Distr.: General 1 August 2014 Security Council Original: English General Assembly Security Council Sixty-ninth session Sixty-ninth year Item 72 of the provisional agenda* Report of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Genocide and Other Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of Rwanda and Rwandan Citizens Responsible for Genocide and Other Such Violations Committed in the Territory of Neighbouring States between 1 January and 31 December 1994 Report of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda Note by the Secretary-General The Secretary-General has the honour to transmit to the members of the General Assembly and to the members of the Security Council the nineteenth annual report of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, submitted by the President of the International Tribunal for Rwanda in accordance with article 32 of its statute (see Security Council resolution 955 (1994), annex), which states: The President of the International Tribunal for Rwanda shall submit an annual report of the International Tribunal for Rwanda to the Security Council and to the General Assembly. * A/69/150. 14-57957 (E) 140814 *1457957* A/69/206 S/2014/546 Letter of transmittal 1 August 2014 Excellencies, I have the honour to submit the nineteenth annual report of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Genocide and Other Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of Rwanda and Rwandan Citizens Responsible for Genocide and Other Such Violations Committed in the Territory of Neighbouring States between 1 January and 31 December 1994, dated 1 August 2014, to the General Assembly and the Security Council, pursuant to article 32 of the statute of the International Tribunal. -
The Leadership of Rwandan Armed Groups Abroad with a Focus on the Fdlr and Rud/Urunana
RAKIYA OMAAR, CONSULTANT TO THE RWANDA DEMOBILISATION AND REINTEGRATION COMMISSION THE LEADERSHIP OF RWANDAN ARMED GROUPS ABROAD WITH A FOCUS ON THE FDLR AND RUD/URUNANA DECEMBER 2008 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACRONYMS AND GLOSSARY………………………….…………………………………………………………….6 PREFACE……………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………8 INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………….……………………………………………….10 1. THE OBSTACLES TO REPATRIATION: THE EXPERIENCES AND PERSPECTIVES OF RETURNEES………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………….17 THE INTERESTS OF LEADERS IN DISCOURAGING REPATRIATION…………………………… ..17 Economic Self Interest…………………………………………………………………………………..17 Fear of Justice……………………………………………………………………………………………20 THE IMPEDIMENTS FACED BY POTENTIAL RETURNEES……………………………………….21 The Lack of Information and the Power of Misinformation………………………………………..21 False Information from Relatives in Rwanda………………………………………………………..23 The Threat and Reality of Violent Reprisals…………………………………………………………24 A Security Deterrent: The Long Distance to MONUC Stations…………………………………...27 2. WHO ARE THE LEADERS? THE PROCESS OF ESTABLISHING THEIR IDENTITY……………………………………………………………………............................................29 IDENTITY AND BACKGROUND…………………………………………………………………29 Reshuffle After Reshuffle ……………………………………………………….................................29 The Use of Cover Names………………………………………………………………………………..29 Life in Rwanda and in Exile: A Time-Consuming Process…………………………………………30 The “Unofficial” Influence of Well-Known Genocide Suspects Who Are Kept Out of the Public Limelight………………………………………………………………………………………………….31 -
THE AD HOC TRIBUNALS ORAL HISTORY PROJECT an Interview
THE AD HOC TRIBUNALS ORAL HISTORY PROJECT An Interview with Beth S. Lyons International Center for Ethics, Justice and Public Life Brandeis University 2016 ! Interviewee: Beth S. Lyons Location: New Jersey, USA Interviewers: David P. Briand (Q1) and Date: 19 February 2015 Leigh Swigart (Q2) Q1: This is an interview with Beth S. Lyons for the Ad Hoc Tribunals Oral History Project at Brandeis University's International Center for Ethics, Justice and Public Life. The interview takes place in New Jersey on February 19, 2015. The interviewers are Leigh Swigart and David Briand. Q2: It's clear from your CV [curriculum vitae] and things you've written about that you worked in Legal Aid in New York. Maybe you could tell us how you made this transition to the ICTR [International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda]. Lyons: Okay. Legal Aid was my second career; I went to law school when I was thirty- five. Prior to that I was involved in the student movement and trade union movement in the 1960s and 1970s and early 1980s, both in plants and also union staff. When I decided to go to law school I wanted to have a job where I could talk to juries because I was an organizer. Little did I know that at Legal Aid in New York City it's "plea bargain city," so there are very few trials. Anyway, I went to Legal Aid because I wanted to do trial work, I wanted to talk to juries. I worked at Legal Aid for too long. It was a place where, despite our huge case loads!there were over a hundred cases on our individual dockets.