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Poster Abstracts Appendix: Poster Abstracts Abstracts of posters presented at the Third National growing season, overall pesticide reduction (kg. IPM Symposium/Workshop are pre-sented in this active ingredient/acre) for growers using IPM section. These abstracts were first printed in the ranged from 27.1 to 55.3 percent compared to Symposium/Workshop program and are reproduced non-IPM growers. For the same IPM growers, the without change here. Papers are in alphabetical number of spray applications declined 15 and 30.6 order based on the last name of the first author. percent, respectively, depending on the location of the field. Developing and Delivering an IPM Program for Hot Pepper Growers in Mexico. M. Saul Alar- Manipulation of Orchard Ground Covers for con, Hasan A. Bolkan, Robert K. Curtis, and Dennis Enhanced Arthropod Management. Diane G. J. Larsen. Campbell Soup Company, 28605 Country Alston, Department of Biology, Utah State Road 104, Davis, California 95616 University, Logan UT 84322-5305 Traditionally, pests and diseases of hot peppers Diversity and density of species of ground cover (Capsicum spp.) are controlled with protectant plants influenced arthropod abundance and dispersal fungicides and contact insecticides applied on in Utah apple orchards. Certain broadleaf weeds calendar base. Depending on the target organism, present in ground covers increased densities of the number of sprays can range from 5 to 15 per phytophagous and predaceous mites. Mite season per crop. The preventive strategy is abundance and timing of their dispersal from ground successful in protecting yields and quality. Public cover into trees was strongly influenced by presence concerns, however, about pesticide residues is of certain broadleaf weeds and ground cover forcing processors and growers to find alternative management practices, such as frequency and timing control strategies to reduce the use of synthetic of mowing, herbicide application, and cultivation. In pesticides. To help growers make the switch from addition, the ground cover species composition and calendar base pesticide applications to only when biomass were influenced by frequency of mowing. needed, Campbell Soup Company has initiated an Percent horizontal cover of field bindweed a aggressive IPM program for pepper weevil prominent host species for phytophagous mites, was (Anthonomus eugenii Cano), yellowstriped army- greater in plots mowed every two weeks (10-23 worm (Spodoptera ornithogalli Guenee), and virus- percent of total cover) than in plots mowed every transmitting insects. Campbell's Jalapeno IPM three weeks or left unmowed (1 -7 percent) during Program has three interrelated components: cultural July and August. Ambulatory dispersal of practices, monitoring, and treatment. The cultural phytophagous mites into tree canopies was two practices include crop rotation and field sanitation to times greater in plots mowed every two weeks than eliminate weed populations to prevent potential in unmowed plots. The presence of apple migration and infestation of pests and viruses. The rootsuckers on the base of tree trunks increased the second component of the IPM program is abundance and dispersal of phytophagous mites into monitoring and scouting for pest populations. canopies. The type of ground cover in a tart cherry Campbell's IPM specialists provide hands-on orchard was found to influence the pupation success training to growers’ field personnel and help them of western cherry fruit flies in the soil, and the time monitor twice a week for insects and diseases. When and rate of emergence of adults in the spring. it is determined through monitoring and scouting, Ground covers of companion grass and weeds that pest populations have reached the level which resulted in the least pupation. Greatest pupation will cause economic damage, the grower is success and earliest emergence of adults was seen in encouraged to apply selective or biorational bare ground plots. Soil temperature may be a better pesticides such as Bacillus thuringiensis. In 1995 predictor of adult emergence than air temperature. 222 Consideration and Management of Pesticide fertilized with various rates of chicken litter tended Resistance by the U.S. Environmental Protection to suppress numbers of Columbia lance nematode, Agency. Neil Anderson, Tobi L. Colvin-Snyder, but also had a negative impact on cotton yield. Frank Ellis, Paul I. Lewis, Sharlene R. Matten, There was a negative correlation (P=0.05) between Robert I. Rose, Douglas W.S. Sutherland, and Steve seed cotton yield and the amount of rye incorporated Tomasino U.S. Environmental Protection Agency into the soil. However, high rates of chicken litter Office of Pesticide Programs Pesticide Resistance increased (P=0.10) cotton yield and resulted in low Management Workgroup 401 M Street S.W. numbers of this nematode in September. Early Washington, DC 20460 application (December) of litter tended to improve nematode control and enhance yield more than late Pesticide resistance management is a worldwide application (April). Numbers of root-knot problem and is an important aspect of IPM. The nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita, were lowest in U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has plots receiving chicken litter, regardless of the date considered the development of pesticide resistance of application. The increased cotton yield in and pesticide resistance management in its response to chicken litter application can be regulatory decisions and believes that it is very attributed to nematode control, since it is unlikely important to implement effective resistance that fall-litter applications affected soil fertility management strategies. How the Agency has during the growing season. Poultry litter also considered pesticide resistance management under enhanced numbers of microbivorous (non-parasitic) the Federal Insecticide Fungicide Rodenticide Act nematodes, indicating increased microbial activity (FIFRA) when making emergency exemption, when this material was added to the soil. Overall, special review and registration decisions plus new results from field as well as greenhouse tests show Agency pesticide resistance management initiatives that these soil amendments were more effective in will be discussed. suppressing population densities of the plant parasites M. Incognita and Paratrichodorus minor Management of Plant-parasitic Nematodes in than H. columbus and Rotylenchulus reniformis. Cotton Production Systems with Poultry Litter and Winter Rye. K.R. Barker', S.R Koenning', RL. Spatial Analysis Technology Applied to the Mikkelsen233 , K. L. Edmisten , D. T.Bowman , and Regional Assessment of Plant Pests and Diseases. D.E. Morrison4 , 'Departments of Plant Pathology, John H. Barnes, USDA/CSREES, Washington DC; 23Soil Science, and Crop Science, North Carolina Hasan Bolkan and Saul Alarcon, Campbell Corp., State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, and 4North Davis. CA.; Merritt Nelson, David Byrne, and Tom Carolina Cooperative Extension Service, Scotland Orum, Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ County 231 E. Cronly St., Laurinburg, NC 28383 We have been assessing the benefits of analyzing Cultural practices often are neglected as an option plant disease and pest severity on a regional scale for nematode management in cotton. Use of animal using the tools that are also being applied to wastes and other organic amendments or green precision farming, such as geographic information manure crops such as a winter rye crop have and global positioning systems (GIS and GPS). promise for controlling many plant-parasitic These two technologies are extremely useful in nematodes. Field experiments were initiated in developing a computer map based record of the North Carolina to evaluate the influence of rates and location of disease and pest outbreaks. In addition, dates of poultry litter application and (or) a winter these data may be analyzed spatially using rye cover crop on Columbia lance nematode, geostatistics to show how and where regional Hoplolaimus columbus, and cotton yield. Fertility patterns vary. When the concepts of "Landscape levels for all plots were adjusted to those Ecology" are applied to the heterogeneous recommended by a soil test. A rye cover crop landscapes that are characteristic of most plant 223 dominated ecosystems, including agroecosystems 3.6F) for control of white mold (Sclerotium rolfsii) useful conclusions regarding cropping pattern and limb rot (Rhizoctonia solani) into the spray influences on the severity of diseases and pests may program. Dry land and irrigated tests were done. be generated and used in the design of management Three AU-Pnut programs were generated using the programs. This approach to the assessment of regional five day precipitation forecast and disease and pest risk requires that all data be precipitation measured on-site, 1.6 km off-site or associated with map coordinates. Inexpensive hand- 12.9 km off-site from both tests. The performance held GPS units now available make this possible. of the AU-Pnut spray programs was compared with Such data can be entered into the GIS database for a standard 14-day spray schedule. Half of the plots geostatistical and other spatial analysis procedures. in each test were sprayed with chlorothalonil (Bravo Outcomes of this approach to assessing plant 720F) at the recommended rate (1.0 kg a.i./ha) and disease and pests include an easily accessible record half were sprayed with a chloro-thalonil-tebucon- of disease occurrence, identification of recurring azole tank mix at 0.34 and 0.1 kg a.i./ha,
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