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5. Do Van Nhuong 33(2): 40-44 T¹p chÝ Sinh häc 6-2011 DÉn liÖu vÒ thµnh phÇn loµi vµ ph©n bè cña èc c¹n (Gastropoda ) ë Nói Voi, huyÖn An Lo, H¶i Phßng §ç V¨n Nh−îng, Ng« ThÞ Minh Tr−êng ®¹i häc S− ph¹m Hµ Néi Ch©n bông (Gastropoda) lµ líp ®éng vËt lín N¨m 2005, NguyÔn Xu©n §ång vµ céng sù cã nhÊt trong ngµnh Th©n mÒm, cã sè l−îng loµi ®Ò cËp ®Õn 2 loµi èc nói khu vùc nói Bµ §en rÊt phong phó, ®a d¹ng vµ ph©n bè réng. Ch©n (T©y Ninh) [6]. DÉn liÖu míi nhÊt (2007) cña bông ë c¹n lµ nh÷ng ®éng vËt sèng trong m«i M. Maassen vµ E. Gotenberger c«ng bè 3 loµi tr−êng c¹n ë vïng nói vµ ®ång b»ng, trong hang èc c¹n míi ë Pï Lu«ng (Thanh hãa) vµ C¸t Bµ ®éng, trªn mÆt ®Êt vµ trªn c¸c thùc vËt ë c¹n. (h¶i Phßng) [10]. §©y lµ nhãm ®éng vËt Th©n mÒm bao gåm c¸c Víi nh÷ng lý do trªn, chóng t«i ®ã lùa chän loµi èc Cã phæi (Pulmonata) vµ Cã mang khu vùc Nói Voi gÇn thµnh phè h¶i Phßng ®Ó (Prosobranchia) rÊt ®a d¹ng, cã ë nhiÒu n¬i, nghiªn cøu . nh−ng tÇm quan träng cña chóng vÒ khoa häc vµ thùc tiÔn trong m«i tr−êng thiªn nhiªn cho tíi PhÝa B¾c nói Voi (huyÖn An Lo, nay ch−a ®−îc nghiªn cøu ®Çy ®ñ, ®Æc biÖt vÒ ý h¶i Phßng) gi¸p quËn KiÕn An, phÝa Nam gi¸p nghÜa thùc tiÔn chØ thÞ t×nh tr¹ng m«i tr−êng nh− Tiªn Lng, phÝa T©y gi¸p Thanh hµ (h¶i nh÷ng sinh vËt chØ thÞ (bioindicator). D−¬ng), phÝa §«ng gi¸p KiÕn Thôy. Nói Voi kh¸ réng, cã täa ®é 20 o50’40,51”N - ë ViÖt Nam vµ vïng §«ng D−¬ng nãi 106 o33’46,00”E, vÞ trÝ cao nhÊt lªn ®Õn 108 m chung, cïng víi èc n−íc ngät, èc ë c¹n còng ® so víi mÆt n−íc biÓn. ®−îc ®iÒu tra nghiªn cøu tõ gi÷a thÕ kû XIX. Nói Voi chia 2 phÇn: Nói ®¸ v«i vµ nói ®Êt Theo tµi liÖu ® biÕt, c¸c dÉn liÖu ®Çu tiªn vÒ èc (®Êt feralit vµng ®á). Do qu¸ tr×nh ho¹t ®éng c¹n ë ViÖt Nam cã trong c¸c c«ng tr×nh kh¶o s¸t cacxto, nói ®¸ v«i ®¸ng ®−îc chó ý v× ý nghÜa vÒ trai èc ë c¹n vïng §«ng D−¬ng cña Souleyet thùc tiÔn, ®©y lµ vïng cã phong c¶nh ®Ñp, nhiÒu trong thêi gian tõ 1841 - 1842, trong ®ã ® ghi hang ®éng, lµ khu di tÝch ® ®−îc Nhµ n−íc xÕp nhËn mét sè loµi èc c¹n ë miÒn Trung ViÖt Nam h¹ng, do ®ã chÞu t¸c ®éng nhiÒu cña kh¸ch du (Annam) t×m thÊy ë Touranne (§µ N½ng) nh− lÞch. L−îng m−a t−¬ng ®èi cao, trung b×nh n¨m Streptaxis aberratus , S. deflexus , Eulota tõ 1.600 mm - 1.800 mm. §é Èm lín, trung b×nh touranenis .... tõ 80% - 85%, cao nhÊt vµo th¸ng 7, th¸ng 8. C¸c c«ng tr×nh nghiªn cøu vÒ Th©n mÒm hÖ thùc vËt ë phÇn nói ®¸ v«i chñ yÕu lµ c¸c phÝa B¾c ViÖt Nam xuÊt hiÖn nhiÒu trong nöa c©y th©n th¶o, c©y bôi, th¶m thùc vËt th−êng sau thÕ kû XIX. Cã thÓ thÊy nh÷ng c«ng tr×nh xanh, l¸ réng, l¸ kim hoÆc hçn giao l¸ réng, l¸ quan träng cña nh÷ng chuyªn gia ®−îc biÕt ®Õn nhiÒu nh−: Morlet (1886, 1891, 1892); kim. ë phÇn nói ®Êt ®−îc ng−êi d©n tËn dông Dautzenberg vµ hamonville (1887); trång s¾n ( Manihot esculenta) , æi ( Psidium Dautzenberg (1893); Bavay vµ Dautzenberg guyjava ), chÌ ( Camellia sinensis ), khoai (1899, 1900, 1901, 1903); Fischer (1848); (Ipomoea batatas )... hoÆc trång b¹ch ®µn Mollendorff (1901); Dautzenberg et Fisher (Eucalyptus spp.), keo tai t−îng ( Acacia (1905)... [1, 2, 3, 5]. mangium ). Cho ®Õn nay, c¸c c«ng tr×nh nghiªn cøu vÒ I. Ph−¬ng ph¸p nghiªn cøu èc c¹n ë ViÖt Nam cßn rÊt Ýt. N¨m 2003, Vermeulen cã dÉn liÖu vÒ nhiÒu loµi èc c¹n ® Thêi gian thu mÉu tõ th¸ng 08/2008 ®Õn gÆp ë Pï Lu«ng, Cóc Ph−¬ng vµ h¹ Long [15]. 04/2009. 40 MÉu ®−îc thu theo 2 sinh c¶nh lµ nói ®¸, MÉu ®−îc ®Þnh lo¹i dùa vµo c¸c tµi liÖu cña nói ®Êt vµ thu theo 3 ®é cao lµ ch©n nói, l−ng Bavay vµ Dautzenberg, 1899 ®Õn 1904; G. W. chõng nói, ®Ønh nói. MÉu ®Þnh tÝnh thu tÊt c¶ Tryon, 1885, 1886 [1, 2, 3, 7, 8]. c¸c mÉu b¾t gÆp (nÕu mÉu nhiÒu thu ®¹i diÖn). MÉu s¾p xÕp theo hÖ thèng ph©n lo¹i cña MÉu ®Þnh l−îng thu trong « vu«ng 1 m2. §Þnh o Bouchet vµ Rocroi, 2005 [4]. L−u tr÷ mÉu t¹i Bé h×nh vµ b¶o qu¶n mÉu trong cån 90 , vá chÕt m«n §éng vËt häc, Khoa Sinh häc, tr−êng ®¹i ®−îc t¸ch riªng vµ ®−îc b¶o qu¶n kh«. häc S− ph¹m hµ Néi. H×nh 1. S¬ ®å khu vùc Nói Voi (h¶i Phßng) II. KÕt qu¶ nghiªn cøu vËy viÖc so s¸nh víi c¸c dÉn liÖu tr−íc ®©y cña c¸c t¸c gi¶ trong vµ ngoµi n−íc cÇn ph¶i ®−îc 1. Thµnh phÇn loµi Ch©n bông ë khu vùc tiÕp tôc nghiªn cøu thªm. nghiªn cøu Trong sè nµy, loµi Ellobium aurismidae § ph¸t hiÖn ë khu vùc nói Voi cã 36 loµi thuéc nhãm èc Cã phæi, sèng ë vïng ven biÓn tõ èc c¹n (b¶ng 1), thuéc 2 ph©n líp, 4 bé, 14 hä Trung Quèc ®Õn Singapore, khu vùc nói Voi lµ vµ 28 gièng. VÒ cÊu tróc ph©n lo¹i häc, c¸c hä vïng ven biÓn cho nªn cã loµi nµy. cã sè loµi nhiÒu nhÊt lµ Cyclophoridae, Nh×n chung thµnh phÇn loµi èc c¹n khu vùc Ariophantidae, Camaenidae vµ Subulinidae nói Voi cã nh÷ng loµi chung víi vïng ®¶o chiÕm tíi 70% (25/36) sè loµi ® gÆp. §iÒu nµy nh− Opeas pyrgula, Opeas gracilia, Opeas phï hîp víi ®Æc ®iÓm chung cña èc c¹n vïng filare , Diplommatina herziana (ë ®¶o §«ng Sa, nhiÖt ®íi nãng Èm phong phó c¸c hä nµy. Trong Kiang Su, h¶i Nam, Trung Quèc), Coniglobus thµnh phÇn loµi, ®a sè thuéc nhãm èc Cã phæi albius (ë §µi Loan), Cyclophorus siamensis (Pulmonata) 26 loµi trong tæng sè 36 loµi, nhãm (ë Philippine) vµ mét vµi loµi chung víi èc Cã mang (Prosobranchia) chiÕm tû lÖ nhá NhËt B¶n, Malaysia, ®Æc biÖt Clausilia h¬n. Gièng cã sè loµi nhiÒu lµ Cyclophorus (5 ardouiniana ® gÆp ë vÞnh h¹ Long [10]. NhËn loµi), c¸c gièng kh¸c chØ cã tõ 1 ®Õn 2 loµi. CÇn ®Þnh b−íc ®Çu cã thÓ thµnh phÇn loµi èc c¹n ® l−u ý trong hÖ thèng ph©n lo¹i bËc gièng cña èc gÆp ë nói Voi cã xu h−íng gÇn víi khu hÖ èc c¹n hiÖn nay thay ®æi rÊt nhiÒu so víi tr−íc ®©y c¹n mét sè ®¶o phÝa t©y Th¸i B×nh D−¬ng gÇn theo xu h−íng h×nh thµnh nhiÒu gièng míi, v× ViÖt Nam. 41 B¶ng 1 Thµnh phÇn loµi, sè l−îng c¸ thÓ (n), ®é phong phó (n%) cña nhãm Ch©n bông trªn c¹n theo sinh c¶nh ë khu vùc nghiªn cøu S Nói ®¸ Nói ®Êt Thµnh phÇn loµi TT n n (%) n n (%) Prosobranchia Neritopsina 1. Hydrocenidae 552 45,13 1. Georissa sulcata ( Mollendorff, 1884) 552 45,13 2. Helicinidae 34 2,78 2. Pseudotrochatella nogieri Daut. et d’ham., 1887 34 2,78 Architaenioglossa 3. Cyclophoridae 78 6,38 110 46,42 3. Cyclophorus diplochilus (Mollendorff, 1894) 22 1,80 12 5,06 4. Cyclophorus siamensis (Sowerby, 1850) 9 0,74 4 1,69 7. Cyclophorus zebrinus (Benson, 1836) 17 1,39 15 6,33 5. Cyclophorus sp.1 4 0,33 5 2,11 6. Cyclophorus sp.2 12 0,98 5 2,11 8. Spirostoma sp. 14 1,14 69 29,12 4. Pupinidae 37 3,03 56 23,63 9. Pseudopomatias amoneus (Mollendorff, 1885) 37 3,03 56 23,63 5. Diplommatinidae 194 15,86 10. Diplommatina herziana Mollendorff, 1886 194 15,86 Pulmonata Archaeopulmonata 6. Ellobiidae 29 2,37 11. Ellobium aurismidae Linnaeus, 1758 29 2,37 Stylommatophora 7. Vertiginidae 95 7,77 12. Gyliotrachela salpinx Benthem-Jutting, 1961 94 7,69 13. Vertigo sp. 1 0,08 8. Achatinidae 8 0,65 27 11,39 14. Achatina fulica Bowdich, 1822 8 0,65 27 11,39 9. Ariophantidae 89 7,28 15. Ariophanta inferrupta (Benson, 1834) 1 0,08 16. Euplecta sp.1 5 0,41 17. Euplecta sp.2 17 1,39 18. Indrella ampulla (Benson, 1850) 2 0,16 19.
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