Catalytic Synthesis of Phosphines and Related Compounds
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Hans Renata – Strategic Redox Relay Enables a Scalable Synthesis Of
Strategic Redox Relay Enables A Scalable Synthesis of Ouabagenin, A Bioactive Cardenolide A thesis presented by Hans Renata to The Scripps Research Institute Graduate Program in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of Chemistry for The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla, California February 2013 UMI Number: 3569793 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI 3569793 Published by ProQuest LLC (2013). Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, MI 48106 - 1346 © 2013 by Hans Renata All rights reserved ! ii! ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS To Phil, thank you for taking me under your wing, the past five years have been a wonderful learning experience. You truly are a fantastic teacher, both in and out of the fumehood and your unbridled enthusiasm, fearlessness and passion for chemistry are second to none. In the words of Kurt Cobain, I am “forever indebted to your priceless advice.” To the members of the Baran lab, in the words of Kurt Cobain, “Our little (?) group has always been and always will until the end.” See what I did there? Oh well, whatever, nevermind. -
(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2005/0044778A1 Orr (43) Pub
US 20050044778A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2005/0044778A1 Orr (43) Pub. Date: Mar. 3, 2005 (54) FUEL COMPOSITIONS EMPLOYING Publication Classification CATALYST COMBUSTION STRUCTURE (51) Int. CI.' ........ C10L 1/28; C1OL 1/24; C1OL 1/18; (76) Inventor: William C. Orr, Denver, CO (US) C1OL 1/12; C1OL 1/26 Correspondence Address: (52) U.S. Cl. ................. 44/320; 44/435; 44/378; 44/388; HOGAN & HARTSON LLP 44/385; 44/444; 44/443 ONE TABOR CENTER, SUITE 1500 1200 SEVENTEENTH ST DENVER, CO 80202 (US) (57) ABSTRACT (21) Appl. No.: 10/722,127 Metallic vapor phase fuel compositions relating to a broad (22) Filed: Nov. 24, 2003 Spectrum of pollution reducing, improved combustion per Related U.S. Application Data formance, and enhanced Stability fuel compositions for use in jet, aviation, turbine, diesel, gasoline, and other combus (63) Continuation-in-part of application No. 08/986,891, tion applications include co-combustion agents preferably filed on Dec. 8, 1997, now Pat. No. 6,652,608. including trimethoxymethylsilane. Patent Application Publication Mar. 3, 2005 US 2005/0044778A1 FIGURE 1 CALCULATING BUNSEN BURNER LAMINAR FLAME VELOCITY (LFV) OR BURNING VELOCITY (BV) CONVENTIONAL FLAME LUMINOUS FLAME Method For Calculating Bunsen Burner Laminar Flame Velocity (LHV) or Burning Velocity Requires Inside Laminar Cone Angle (0) and The Gas Velocity (Vg). LFV = A, SIN 2 x VG US 2005/0044778A1 Mar. 3, 2005 FUEL COMPOSITIONS EMPLOYING CATALYST Chart of Elements (CAS version), and mixture, wherein said COMBUSTION STRUCTURE element or derivative compound, is combustible, and option 0001) The present invention is a CIP of my U.S. -
US5169929.Pdf
|||||||||||| USOO5169929A United States Patent (19) 11) Patent Number: 5,169,929 Tour et al. 45 Date of Patent: Dec. 8, 1992 (54) LITHIUM/HMPA-PROMOTED SYNTHESIS Noren, et al. Macromolecular Reviews (1971) 5. pp. OF POLY(PHENYLENES) 386-431. Yamamoto, et al. Bulletin Che. Soc. of Japan (1978) 51. 75 Inventors: James M. Tour; Eric B. Stephens, (7) pp. 2091-2097. both of Columbia, S.C. Shacklette, et al. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. (1982) 73 Assignee: University of South Carolina, pp. 361-362. Columbia, S.C. Ivory, et al. J. Chem. Phys. (1979) 71. (3) pp. 1506-1507. Shacklette, et al. J. Chem. Phys. (1980) 73. (8) pp. 21 Appl. No.: 543,673 4098-4102. 22 Filed: Jun. 25, 1990 Kovacic, et al. J. Org. Chem. (1963) 28. pp. 968-972, 1864-1867. I51) Int. Cl. .............................................. CO8G 61/00 Kovacic, et al. J. Org. Chem. (1964) 29. pp. 100-104, 52 U.S.C. .................................................... 528/397 2416-2420. 58 Field of Search ......................................... 528/397 Kovacic et al. J. Org. Chem. (1966) 31. pp. 2467-2470. (56) References Cited Primary Examiner-John Kight, II U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS Assistant Examiner-Terressa M. Mosley Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Brumbaugh, Graves, 4,576,688 3/1966 David .................................. 528/397 Donohue & Raymond OTHER PUBLICATIONS 57 ABSTRACT Kovacic, et al. Chem. Rev. (1987) 87, pp. 357-379. Poly(phenylene) that is substantially free of insoluble Elsenbaumer, et al. Handbook of Conducting Polymers material is prepared by the polymerization of a lithi (1986), T. A. Skotheime ed. pp. 213-263. oarylhalide compound in the presence of a polar aprotic Perlstein, Angew. -
Front Matter
Towards the Total Synthesis of 1!,25-dihydroxylumisterol A. Simon Partridge Julia Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom September 2012 A thesis submitted as partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Imperial College London. Abstract This thesis is divided into three chapters. The first chapter provides a brief review on recent work in the application of cascade cyclisations to the total synthesis of natural products. This is followed by a review of the decarboxylative Claisen rearrangement (dCr), a novel variant of the Ireland-Claisen reaction in which tosylacetic esters of allylic alcohols are transformed into homoallylic sulfones using BSA and potassium acetate, and its applications. The second chapter discusses the results of our studies towards the total synthesis of 1!,25-dihydroxylumisterol via a proposed route containing two key steps; a cascade-inspired, Lewis-acid mediated cyclisation to form the steroid B-ring in I, and the dCr reaction of tosylacetic ester IV to give diene III. Successful syntheses, as well as problems encountered along this route will be discussed, as well as the measures taken to adapt the synthesis to circumvent these problems. OH PGO H O OH H H H H H PGO PGO H H HO Ts Ts 1!,25-dihydroxylumisterol I II OH O H + O H O H HO Ts PGO OPG H Ts Ts OPG VI V IV III The third and final chapter contains experimental procedures and characterisation data for the prepared compounds. Declaration I certify that all work in this thesis is solely my own, except where explicitly stated and appropriately referenced. -
Hexamethylphosphoramide for Jet Fuels
Report on Carcinogens, Fourteenth Edition For Table of Contents, see home page: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/go/roc Hexamethylphosphoramide for jet fuels. It also can be used as a flameretarding additive in lith iumion batteries; however, it reduces the performance of the bat CAS No. 680-31-9 tery (IzquierdoGonzales et al. 2004). Reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen Production First listed in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (1985) In 2009, hexamethylphosphoramide was produced by one manufac Also known as HMPA or hexamethylphosphoric triamide turer worldwide, in the United States (SRI 2009), and was available from 21 suppliers, including 14 U.S. suppliers (ChemSources 2009). H3C CH3 No data on U.S. production, import, or export volumes were found. N H3C CH3 NP N Exposure H C CH 3 O 3 The routes of potential human exposure to hexamethylphosphoramide Carcinogenicity are inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact (HSDB 2009). The ma jor source of exposure is probably occupational; however, the general Hexamethylphosphoramide is reasonably anticipated to be a human population potentially could be exposed through release of hexameth carcinogen based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from stud ylphosphoramide to the environment. No environmental releases of ies in experimental animals. hexamethylphosphoramide were reported in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Toxics Release Inventory (TRI 2009). Hexameth Cancer Studies in Experimental Animals ylphosphoramide exists in the air solely in the vapor phase and will Exposure of rats to hexamethylphosphoramide by inhalation caused be degraded by photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals, with a nasal tumors, which are rare in this species. -
NMR Studies of Phosphorus Ligand Complexes of Silver and Cobalt Steven Mark Socol Iowa State University
Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1983 NMR studies of phosphorus ligand complexes of silver and cobalt Steven Mark Socol Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Inorganic Chemistry Commons Recommended Citation Socol, Steven Mark, "NMR studies of phosphorus ligand complexes of silver and cobalt " (1983). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 8962. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/8962 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This reproduction was made from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this document, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help clarify markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark, it is an indication of either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, duplicate copy, or copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed. -
Or As Substitute for Catalysts in Organophosphorus Chemistry
molecules Review Microwaves as “Co-Catalysts” or as Substitute for Catalysts in Organophosphorus Chemistry György Keglevich Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1521 Budapest, Hungary; [email protected] Abstract: The purpose of this review is to summarize the importance of microwave (MW) irradiation as a kind of catalyst in organophosphorus chemistry. Slow or reluctant reactions, such as the Diels-Alder cycloaddition or an inverse-Wittig type reaction, may be performed efficiently under MW irradiation. The direct esterification of phosphinic and phosphonic acids, which is practically impossible on conventional heating, may be realized under MW conditions. Ionic liquid additives may promote further esterifications. The opposite reaction, the hydrolysis of P-esters, has also relevance among the MW-assisted transformations. A typical case is when the catalysts are substituted by MWs, which is exemplified by the reduction of phosphine oxides, and by the Kabachnik–Fields condensation affording α-aminophosphonic derivatives. Finally, the Hirao P–C coupling reaction may serve as an example, when the catalyst may be simplified under MW conditions. All of the examples discussed fulfill the expectations of green chemistry. Keywords: microwave; organophosphorus chemistry; catalyst; catalyst- and solvent-free; green chemistry The spread of the microwave (MW) technique opened a new chapter in organic Citation: Keglevich, G. Microwaves chemistry in whole [1–3], and also in its specialized fields, such as heterocyclic [3–5] and as “Co-Catalysts” or as Substitute for organophosphorus chemistry [2,6]. MW irradiation makes possible more efficient syntheses Catalysts in Organophosphorus in terms of reaction time, selectivity, and purity [1,2]. -
Federal Register/Vol. 84, No. 230/Friday, November 29, 2019
Federal Register / Vol. 84, No. 230 / Friday, November 29, 2019 / Proposed Rules 65739 are operated by a government LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 49966 (Sept. 24, 2019). The Office overseeing a population below 50,000. solicited public comments on a broad Of the impacts we estimate accruing U.S. Copyright Office range of subjects concerning the to grantees or eligible entities, all are administration of the new blanket voluntary and related mostly to an 37 CFR Part 210 compulsory license for digital uses of increase in the number of applications [Docket No. 2019–5] musical works that was created by the prepared and submitted annually for MMA, including regulations regarding competitive grant competitions. Music Modernization Act Implementing notices of license, notices of nonblanket Therefore, we do not believe that the Regulations for the Blanket License for activity, usage reports and adjustments, proposed priorities would significantly Digital Uses and Mechanical Licensing information to be included in the impact small entities beyond the Collective: Extension of Comment mechanical licensing collective’s potential for increasing the likelihood of Period database, database usability, their applying for, and receiving, interoperability, and usage restrictions, competitive grants from the Department. AGENCY: U.S. Copyright Office, Library and the handling of confidential of Congress. information. Paperwork Reduction Act ACTION: Notification of inquiry; To ensure that members of the public The proposed priorities do not extension of comment period. have sufficient time to respond, and to contain any information collection ensure that the Office has the benefit of SUMMARY: The U.S. Copyright Office is requirements. a complete record, the Office is extending the deadline for the extending the deadline for the Intergovernmental Review: This submission of written reply comments program is subject to Executive Order submission of written reply comments in response to its September 24, 2019 to no later than 5:00 p.m. -
7 NACA X Rp- I - 3 I ( RESEARCH MEMORANDUM I
2 --- p: -r 4 2 7 NACA X rp- I - 3 i ( RESEARCH MEMORANDUM I ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS IN ROCKET-ENGINE APPLICATIONS By Dezso J. Ladanyi and Glen Hennings Lewis Flight Propulsion Laboratory Cleveland, Ohio .-I, .,:. ..#: - . ,., .,. .I..- !/I u ,8~~er~.m8~.yli~~pn ., ,: .j,z.-K;; ,,.. r, 8.. ," , , ';8i,.27,:i~jk;,h4h,r.Jt> :,,,, , - ;> I I : $-',;: Declasslf ied bv euthority of NASA Cla3~ifi~~'Li~ilrl:~.i.;;t Notices IYO~LA, NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOR AERONAUTICS WASHINGTON April 2, 1954 TABU OF CONTENTS uf Page SUMMARY ................................ 1 INTRODUCTION ............................ PROCEDURE PROPElxmITS .............................3 Fuels ............................... 3 Oxidants ............................. 5 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ........................ 5 Mixed Alkyl Thiophosphites and Red Fuming Nitric Acid ....... 5 Triethyl Trithiophosphite and Red Fuming Nitric Acid ....... 6 Propylene N. N.Dimethylamidophosphite and Red Fuming Nitric Acid ........................... 6 Mixed Ale1 Thiophosphites. Triethyl Trithiophoephite. and Propylene N. N.Dimethylamidophosphite with White Fuming Nitric Acid ........................... 7 Discussion of Results at Subatmospheric Pressures ......... 8 CONCLUDING REMARKS .........................10 APPENDIX-LITERATURESURIXY ....................13 Introduction ........................... 13 Historical review ........................ 13 Nomenclature ........................:. 13 Classification ......................... 14 Phosphines ............................ 14 General review -
Recent Developments in Organophosphorus Flame Retardants Containing P-C Bond and Their Applications
materials Review Recent Developments in Organophosphorus Flame Retardants Containing P-C Bond and Their Applications Sophie Wendels †, Thiebault Chavez †, Martin Bonnet, Khalifah A. Salmeia * and Sabyasachi Gaan * Additives and Chemistry Group, Advanced Fibers, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland; [email protected] (S.W.); [email protected] (T.C.); [email protected] (M.B.) * Correspondence: [email protected] (K.A.S.); [email protected] (S.G.); Tel.: +41-587-657-038 (K.A.S.); +41-587-657-611 (S.G.) † These two authors contributed equally to this work. Received: 13 May 2017; Accepted: 4 July 2017; Published: 11 July 2017 Abstract: Organophosphorus compounds containing P-C bonds are increasingly developed as flame retardant additives due to their excellent thermal and hydrolytic stability and ease of synthesis. The latest development (since 2010) in organophosphorus flame retardants containing P-C bonds summarized in this review. In this review, we have broadly classified such phosphorus compounds based on the carbon unit linked to the phosphorus atom i.e., could be a part of either an aliphatic or an aromatic unit. We have only considered those published literature where a P-C bond was created as a part of synthetic strategy to make either an intermediate or a final organophosphorus compound with an aim to use it as a flame retardant. General synthetic strategies to create P-C bonds are briefly discussed. Most popular synthetic strategies used for developing P-C containing phosphorus based flame retardants include Michael addition, Michaelis–Arbuzov, Friedels–Crafts and Grignard reactions. -
Rh(I) Complexes in Catalysis: a Five-Year Trend
molecules Review Rh(I) Complexes in Catalysis: A Five-Year Trend Serenella Medici * , Massimiliano Peana * , Alessio Pelucelli and Maria Antonietta Zoroddu Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; [email protected] (A.P.); [email protected] (M.A.Z.) * Correspondence: [email protected] (S.M.); [email protected] (M.P.) Abstract: Rhodium is one of the most used metals in catalysis both in laboratory reactions and industrial processes. Despite the extensive exploration on “classical” ligands carried out during the past decades in the field of rhodium-catalyzed reactions, such as phosphines, and other com- mon types of ligands including N-heterocyclic carbenes, ferrocenes, cyclopentadienyl anion and pentamethylcyclopentadienyl derivatives, etc., there is still lively research activity on this topic, with considerable efforts being made toward the synthesis of new preformed rhodium catalysts that can be both efficient and selective. Although the “golden age” of homogeneous catalysis might seem over, there is still plenty of room for improvement, especially from the point of view of a more sustainable chemistry. In this review, temporally restricted to the analysis of literature during the past five years (2015–2020), the latest findings and trends in the synthesis and applications of Rh(I) complexes to catalysis will be presented. From the analysis of the most recent literature, it seems clear that rhodium-catalyzed processes still represent a stimulating challenge for the metalloorganic chemist that is far from being over. Keywords: rhodium; catalysis; Rh(I) complexes Citation: Medici, S.; Peana, M.; Pelucelli, A.; Zoroddu, M.A. Rh(I) Complexes in Catalysis: A Five-Year 1. -
Synthesis and Properties of Diorganomagnesium Compounds
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 12-1967 Synthesis and Properties of Diorganomagnesium Compounds Conrad William Kamienski University of Tennessee - Knoxville Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Part of the Chemistry Commons Recommended Citation Kamienski, Conrad William, "Synthesis and Properties of Diorganomagnesium Compounds. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 1967. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/3077 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Conrad William Kamienski entitled "Synthesis and Properties of Diorganomagnesium Compounds." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Chemistry. Jerome F. Eastham, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: Bruce M. Anderson, George K. Schwitzer, David A. Shirley Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) Novemb er 27, 1967 To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Conrad Wiliiam Kamienski entitled "Synthesis and Properties of Diorgano magnesium Compounds." I recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a maj or in Chemistry .