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Xerox University Microfilms INFORMATION TO USERS Thii material was producsd from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have bean used, the quality is heavily dependant upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target*' for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing paga(s) or section, they ere spliced into die film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. Whan an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus causa a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again — beginning below the first row end continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation. Silver prints of "photographs" may be ordered at additional charge by writing the Order Department, giving the catalog number, title, author and specific pages you wish reproduced. 6. PLEASE NOTE: Some pages may have indistinct print. Filmed as received. Xerox University Microfilms 900 North ZM b Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 4610S 76-24,694 STUMP, Edmund, 1946- ON THE LATE PRBCAMBRIAN-EARLY PALEOZOIC METAVOLCANIC AND METASEDIMENTARY ROCKS OF THE QUEEN MAUD MOUNTAINS, ANTARCTICA, AND A COMPARISON KITH ROCKS OF SIMILAR AGE FROM SOUTHERN AFRICA. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1976 Xerox Unlvereft$yMlcrofilmB , a™ Arbor, Michigan woe ON THE LATE PRECAMB RIAN-EARLY PALEOZOIC METAVOLCANIC AND METASEDIMENTARY ROCKS OP THE QUEEN MAUD MOUNTAINS, ANTARCTICA, AND A COMPARISON WITH ROCKS OF SIMILAR AGE FROM SOUTHERN AFRICA Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Edmund Stump, A.B., M.S. The Ohio State University 1976 Reading Committee: Approved By C. E. Corbat6 D. H, Elliot G. Faure Department of Geology and Mineralogy ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Sincere thanks and appreciation are extended: To c. E. Corbat6, my adviser, for adivce, guidance and criticism, for administrative insight, for field supervision during the 1974-75 season, for'an even tone through the ups and the downs, and for a free rein. To D. H. Elliot, for the opportunity to first journey to Ant­ arctica, for continued interest and dialogue on all facets of my research, and for time. To G. Faure, for discussions, for encouragement, and for pro­ motion when it was needed most, at ny initiation into the proposal writing gome. To K. O. Stanley, for discussions on sedimentary portions of this report. To S. D. Etter and V. P. Wendland, for field assistance in 1970- 71. To P. V. Colbert, for field assistance in 1970-71 and 1974-75. To A. W. Browning, for field assistance in 1974-75, for the quote that starts Chapter 2, and for assorted insights. To U. S. Navy, Antarctic Development Squardron 6, and in par­ ticular to the helicopter pilots and crews at McGregor and Amundsen ii Glaciers, 1970-71, for excellent field logistics in the Queen Maud Mountains. In South Africa, to S. Maske, for first awakening an interest in African geology through a course taught during a visiting Pro­ fessorship at Yale University in 1968-69. To J. F. Enslin and L. E. Kent, for the hospitality of the South African Geological Survey. To H. Jansen, for an excursion through the Waterburg Basin. To K. E. L. Schalk and L. N. J. Engelbrecht, for excursions in central South West Africa. To J. N. Theron, for excursions in the Cape Mountains. To P. G. Sohnge, University of Stellenbosch, for providing maps of the western Cape. To A. E. Schoch, for an excursion to Saldanha Bay. To members of the Precanibrian Research Unit, University of Cape Town, including H. J. Blignault, G. J. B. Germs, M. P. A. Jack­ son, P. Jobert, A. Kroner, V. Vajner, and J. H. W. Ward, for an excursion through their research areas in southern South West Africa and South Africa. To C. J. Hartnady, for an excursion in the Worcester area. To I. C. Rust and H. Geldsetzer, University of Port Elizabeth, for excursions in the Gamtoos area. To the many South African farmers whose lands I crossed, for a collective friendliness unmatched in my travels. iii To Gerard and Alta Germs and to Hennie Blignault, for hospital­ ity above and beyond the call. To T. W. Gevers, for graciousness, for enthusiasm, and for in­ defat iguable spirit. To Anglo-American Corporation of South Africa, Ltd., for the loan of a field vehicle and a grant of maintenance support from the Group Chairman's Fund, which permitted research on the pre-Cape rocks in Cape Province. To M, P. Turner, Division of Polar Programs, NSF, without whose continued support and good faith none of this would have been possible. Research leading to this report has been carried out under NSF grants GV-26652, GV-33767, and OPP74-04897. iv VITA December 28, 1946 ........ Born - Danville, Pennsylvania Summer 1965 .............. Field mapping, southeastern Virginia, Virginia Division of Mineral Resources Summer 1966 .............. Field Camp, Indiana University Summer 1967 .............. Field mapping, northern Idaho, U. S. Geological Survey 1968 .................... A.B. cum laude. Harvard College 1969-70 .................. NDEA Fellowship, Yale University 1970-71 .................. Field mapping, central Transantarctic Mountains, U. S. Antarctic Research Program 1970-71, 1974-76 ........ Graduate Research Associate, Institute of Polar Studies, The Ohio State University 1971-72, 1973-74 ..... Graduate Teaching Associate, Depart­ ment of Geology and Mineralogy, The Ohio State University 1972 .................... M.S., Yale University 1972-73 .................. Field study, southern Africa Spring 1974 .............. Instructor, Ohio University 1974-75 .................. Field mapping, Duncan Mountains, cen­ tral Transantarctic Mountains, U. S. Antarctic Research Program PUBLICATIONS 1968 Geology of an area north of the St. Joe River, Idahot Senior Thesis, Dept, of Geology, Harvard College, 26 p. v 1971 Additional K-Ar dates, White Mountain magma series, New England: Am. Jour. Sci., v\ 270, p. 331-333, (with R. L. Armstrong). 1973 Earth evolution in the’ Transantarctic Mountains and West Antarctica: in D. H. Tarling and S. K. Runcorn, eds., Implications of Continental Drift to the Earth Sciences, Academic Press, London-New York, p. 909-924. 1974 Volcanic rocks of the early Cambrian Taylor formation, central Transantarctic Mountains: Antarctic Jour. U. S., v. 9, p. 228-229. 1975 Antarctica: in R. W. Fairbridge, ed., The Encyclopedia of World Regional Geology, Part 1: Western Hemisphere, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, p. 2-13, (with R. W. Fairbridge). 1975 Geology of the Duncan Mountains: Antarctic Jour. U. S., v. 10, p. 179-180. TABLE OP CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS............................................ ii VITA ........................................ v LIST OP TA B L E S ............................................. X LIST OP FIGURES ........................................... Xi LIST OP PL A T E S ............................................. xiii Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION ....................................... I PART I: ANTARCTICA 2. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND.............................. 6 Early Discoveries ................................ 6 Byrd's Expeditions ................... 10 Aftermath of the X G Y ............................ 12 3. BEARDMORE G R O U P ..................................... 20 Introduction .................................... 20 Goldie F o r m a t i o n ................................ 21 LaGorce Formation.................... 25 Duncan F o r m a t i o n ................................ 27 Environment of Deposition ........................ 29 4. WYATT FORMATION.................................... 31 Introduction .................................... 31 Petrographic Characteristics.................... 32 Nature of Emplacement ............................ 36 5. TAYLOR FORMATION .................................. 39 Introduction .................................... 39 Field Occurrences . i............................. 40 vii Chapter Page Volcanic Rocks .................................. 41 Sedimentary R o c k s .............................. 54 6. FAIRWEATHER FO R M A T I O N ............................ 64 Introduction .................................... 64 Stratigraphic Characteristics ........ ..... 66 7. CHEMICAL ANALYSES AND SUMMARY OF THE VOLCANIC FORMATIONS . ............ ’............ 74 Classification .................................. 75 Comparison of Formations........................ 81 Summary of the Volcanic Formations.............. 82 8. STRUCTURE AND METAMORPHISM ...................... 84 Introduction ..................... 84 Canyon-Ramsey
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