Antarctic Science 33(4), 428–455 (2021) © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Antarctic Science Ltd. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. doi:10.1017/S0954102021000237 Ice-free valleys in the Neptune Range of the Pensacola Mountains, Antarctica: glacial geomorphology, geochronology and potential as palaeoenvironmental archives DAVID SMALL 1, MICHAEL J. BENTLEY 1, DAVID J.A. EVANS1, ANDREW S. HEIN 2 and STEWART P.H.T. FREEMAN 3 1Department of Geography, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK 2School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XP, UK 3Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, East Kilbride, G75 0QF, UK
[email protected] Abstract: We describe the glacial geomorphology and initial geochronology of two ice-free valley systems within the Neptune Range of the Pensacola Mountains, Antarctica. These valleys are characterized by landforms associated with formerly more expanded ice sheet(s) that were at least 200 m thicker than at present. The most conspicuous features are areas of supraglacial debris, discrete debris accumulations separated from modern-day ice and curvilinear ridges and mounds. The landsystem bears similarities to debris-rich cold-based glacial landsystems described elsewhere in Antarctica and the Arctic where buried ice is prevalent. Geochronological data demonstrate multiple phases of ice expansion. The oldest, occurring > 3 Ma, overtopped much of the landscape. Subsequent, less expansive advances into the valleys occurred > 2 Ma and > ∼1 Ma.