DOCSLIB.ORG

Master Hunter Handbook

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Master Hunter Handbook Master Hunter Handbook Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Wildlife Program Hunter Education Division April 2018 V2.3 (This page intentionally left blank.) 2 Table of Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 6 WDFW Mission and Goals ............................................................................................................................. 7 Our Mission ............................................................................................................................................... 7 Vision ......................................................................................................................................................... 7 Department Goals ..................................................................................................................................... 7 Fish and Wildlife Commission ....................................................................................................................... 7 What it takes to become a Master Hunter ................................................................................................... 8 MHPP RCWs and WACs ................................................................................................................................. 9 Commission Policy ...................................................................................................................................... 13 Wildlife Policy .............................................................................................................................................. 15 Master Hunter Advisory Group ................................................................................................................... 16 Master Hunter Permit Program Strategic Plan ....................................................................................... 17 Strategic Plan Elements .......................................................................................................................... 17 Brief History of Hunting .............................................................................................................................. 18 North American Model of Wildlife Management ................................................................................... 19 Hunting Ethics ............................................................................................................................................. 21 Situational Ethics ..................................................................................................................................... 23 Hunting Community .................................................................................................................................... 25 How to Talk About Hunting ......................................................................................................................... 28 Giving Back .................................................................................................................................................. 30 First Hunt Foundation ............................................................................................................................. 31 CERVIS ..................................................................................................................................................... 31 Damage Management Removals ................................................................................................................ 31 Expectations of Master Hunters on Damage Removals ......................................................................... 33 Master Hunter General Seasons ............................................................................................................. 34 Deer Species ................................................................................................................................................ 35 Black-tailed deer ..................................................................................................................................... 35 White-tailed deer .................................................................................................................................... 37 Mule deer ................................................................................................................................................ 38 Columbian white-tailed deer .................................................................................................................. 40 Deer identification tool ............................................................................................................................... 40 General Deer Information ........................................................................................................................... 41 Food and Feeding Habits ........................................................................................................................ 41 Droppings ................................................................................................................................................ 43 Bedding areas .......................................................................................................................................... 44 Rubs......................................................................................................................................................... 44 Scrapes .................................................................................................................................................... 44 General Deer Hunting Techniques .............................................................................................................. 44 Deer Hemorrhagic Diseases (Bluetongue, Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease) .......................................... 45 Hair Loss Syndrome ................................................................................................................................. 46 Other hair loss conditions seen in deer, elk, and moose ........................................................................ 47 Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) ............................................................................................................. 48 Elk ................................................................................................................................................................ 48 Roosevelt Elk ........................................................................................................................................... 49 Rocky Mountain Elk ................................................................................................................................ 50 General Elk Information .............................................................................................................................. 50 3 Food and Feeding Habits ........................................................................................................................ 50 Tracks ...................................................................................................................................................... 52 Droppings ................................................................................................................................................ 52 Wallow Sites ............................................................................................................................................ 52 Bedding areas .......................................................................................................................................... 53 Rubs......................................................................................................................................................... 53 General Elk Hunting Techniques ................................................................................................................. 53 Elk Hoof Disease ...................................................................................................................................... 54 Moose ......................................................................................................................................................... 56 Moose Observation Survey ..................................................................................................................... 58 Black Bear .................................................................................................................................................... 58 Cougar ......................................................................................................................................................... 61 Upland Birds ................................................................................................................................................ 63 Pheasant ................................................................................................................................................. 63 Quail ........................................................................................................................................................ 66 Chukar Partridge ....................................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • European Rabbits in Chile: the History of a Biological Invasion
    Historia. vol.4 no.se Santiago 2008 EUROPEAN RABBITS IN CHILE: THE HISTORY OF A BIOLOGICAL INVASION * ** *** PABLO C AMUS SERGIO C ASTRO FABIÁN J AKSIC * Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Ecología y Biodiversidad (CASEB) . email: [email protected] ** Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología; Universidad de Santiago de Chile. Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Ecología y Biodiversidad (CASEB). email: [email protected] *** Departamento de Ecología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Ecología y Biodiversidad (CASEB). email: [email protected] ABSTRACT This work analyses the relationship between human beings and their environment taking into consideration the adjustment and eventual invasion of rabbits in Chile. It argues that in the long run, human actions have unsuspected effects upon the environment. In fact rabbits were seen initially as an opportunity for economic development because of the exploitation of their meat and skin. Later, rabbits became a plague in different areas of Central Chile, Tierra del Fuego and Juan Fernández islands, which was difficult to control. Over the years rabbits became unwelcome guests in Chile. Key words: Environmental History, biological invasions, European rabbit, ecology and environment. RESUMEN Este trabajo analiza las relaciones entre los seres humanos y su ambiente, a partir de la historia de la aclimatación y posterior invasión de conejos en Chile, constatando que, en el largo plazo, las acciones humanas tienen efectos e impactos insospechados sobre el medio natural. En efecto, si bien inicialmente los conejos fueron vistos como una oportunidad de desarrollo económico a partir del aprovechamiento de su piel y su carne, pronto esta especie se convirtió en una plaga difícil de controlar en diversas regiones del país, como Chile central, Tierra del Fuego e islas Juan Fernández.
    [Show full text]
  • The Wild Rabbit: Plague, Polices and Pestilence in England and Wales, 1931–1955
    The wild rabbit: plague, polices and pestilence in England and Wales, 1931–1955 by John Martin Abstract Since the eighteenth century the rabbit has occupied an ambivalent position in the countryside. Not only were they of sporting value but they were also valued for their meat and pelt. Attitudes to the rabbit altered though over the first half of the century, and this paper traces their redefinition as vermin. By the 1930s, it was appreciated that wild rabbits were Britain’s most serious vertebrate pest of cereal crops and grassland and that their numbers were having a significant effect on agricultural output. Government took steps to destroy rabbits from 1938 and launched campaigns against them during wartime, when rabbit was once again a form of meat. Thereafter government attitudes to the rabbit hardened, but it was not until the mid-1950s that pestilence in the form of a deadly virus, myxomatosis, precipitated an unprecedented decline in their population. The unprecedented decline in the European rabbit Oryctolagus( cuniculus) in the mid- twentieth century is one of the most remarkable ecological changes to have taken place in Britain. Following the introduction of myxomatosis into Britain in September 1953 at Bough Beech near Edenbridge in Kent, mortality rates in excess of 99.9 per cent were recorded in a number of affected areas.1 Indeed, in December 1954, the highly respected naturalist Robin Lockley speculated that 1955 would constitute ‘zero hour for the rabbit’, with numbers being lower by the end of the year than at any time since the eleventh century.2 In spite of the rapid increases in output and productivity which British agriculture experienced in the post-myxomatosis era, the importance of the disease as a causal factor in raising agricultural output has been largely ignored by agricultural historians.3 The academic neglect of the rabbit as a factor influencing productivity is even more apparent in respect of the pre-myxomatosis era, particularly the period before the Second World War.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to Risk Assessments for Methods Used in Wildlife Damage Management
    Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessment for the Use of Wildlife Damage Management Methods by USDA-APHIS-Wildlife Services Chapter I Introduction to Risk Assessments for Methods Used in Wildlife Damage Management MAY 2017 Introduction to Risk Assessments for Methods Used in Wildlife Damage Management EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The USDA-APHIS-Wildlife Services (WS) Program completed Risk Assessments for methods used in wildlife damage management in 1992 (USDA 1997). While those Risk Assessments are still valid, for the most part, the WS Program has expanded programs into different areas of wildlife management and wildlife damage management (WDM) such as work on airports, with feral swine and management of other invasive species, disease surveillance and control. Inherently, these programs have expanded the methods being used. Additionally, research has improved the effectiveness and selectiveness of methods being used and made new tools available. Thus, new methods and strategies will be analyzed in these risk assessments to cover the latest methods being used. The risk assements are being completed in Chapters and will be made available on a website, which can be regularly updated. Similar methods are combined into single risk assessments for efficiency; for example Chapter IV contains all foothold traps being used including standard foothold traps, pole traps, and foot cuffs. The Introduction to Risk Assessments is Chapter I and was completed to give an overall summary of the national WS Program. The methods being used and risks to target and nontarget species, people, pets, and the environment, and the issue of humanenss are discussed in this Chapter. From FY11 to FY15, WS had work tasks associated with 53 different methods being used.
    [Show full text]
  • Raising Hares
    Raising Hares Photographs by Andy Rouse/naturepl.com The agility and grace of the European hare (Lepus europaeus) is a familiar sight in the British countryside, and their spirited springtime antics mark the end of winter in the minds of many. Despite their similarities in appearance to the European rabbit, the life history and behaviour of the European hare differs significantly from that of their smaller cousins. We join photographer Andy Rouse as he captures the story of the hare and discovers the true meaning of ‘Mad as a March hare’. Brown hares are widespread throughout central and west- ern Europe, including most of the UK, where they were thought to be introduced by the Romans. “I’ve been passionate about watching and photographing hares for years”, says Rouse. “They are always a challenge because they’re so wary and elusive. Getting decent images usually requires hours of lying quietly in a ditch! So I was de- lighted when I found a unique site in Southern England that has a thriving population of hares”. “Hares are wonderful to work with”, says Rouse. “Concentrating on one population opens up much greater opportunities than photo- graphing at a multitude of sites. It has been such a pleasure getting to know individuals on this project”. “I took these images at a former WWI airfield”, says Rouse. “It is the oldest in the world and still in use, with grass runways. The alternation of cut and long grass provides ideal habitat for hares, which are traditionally found along field margins”. “The hares here are used to people so it’s easier to observe them and predict their behaviour”, says Rouse.
    [Show full text]
  • And Weasels, 1883–1920 163
    DOI:King: 10.20417/nzjecol.41.29 Spread of stoats and weasels, 1883–1920 163 REVIEW Liberation and spread of stoats (Mustela erminea) and weasels (M. nivalis) in New Zealand, 1883–1920 Carolyn M. King Environmental Research Institute, School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand (Email: [email protected]) Published online: 29 May 2017 Abstract: This paper reviews the timing and spread of weasels and stoats across the South and North Islands of New Zealand during the late nineteenth century, entirely from historical records. The flavour of the debates and the assumptions that led to the commissioning of private and government shipments of these animals are best appreciated from the original documents. I describe the sites of the early deliberate releases in Otago, Canterbury, Marlborough, and Wairarapa, and list contemporary observations of the subsequent dispersal of the released animals to named locations in Southland, Westland, Wellington, Hawke’s Bay, Auckland and Northland. Originally, weasels were landed in far greater numbers than stoats (2622 weasels and 963 stoats listed in shipment records) and, while at first they were very abundant, they are now much less abundant than stoats. Two non-exclusive hypotheses could explain this historic change: (1) depletion of supplies of their preferred small prey including birds, mice, roosting bats, lizards, frogs and invertebrates, and (2) competition with stoats. Contemporary historic written observations on the first impacts of the arrivals of weasels and stoats on the native fauna offer graphic illustrations of what has been lost, but usually failed to consider the previous impacts of the abundant rats (Rattus exulans since the late 13th century, and R.
    [Show full text]
  • The High Abundance of Wild Ungulates in a Mediterranean Region: Is This Compatible with the European Rabbit? Author(S): Antonio J
    The high abundance of wild ungulates in a Mediterranean region: is this compatible with the European rabbit? Author(s): Antonio J. Carpio, José Guerrero-Casado, Leire Ruiz-Aizpurua, Joaquín Vicente and Francisco S. Tortosa Source: Wildlife Biology, 20(3):161-166. 2014. Published By: Nordic Board for Wildlife Research DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2981/wlb.13113 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.2981/wlb.13113 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Wildlife Biology 20: 161–166, 2014 doi: 10.2981/wlb.13113 © 2014 The Authors. This is an Open Access article Subject Editor: Klaus Hackländer. Accepted 4 December 2014 The high abundance of wild ungulates in a Mediterranean region: is this compatible with the European rabbit? Antonio J. Carpio, José Guerrero-Casado, Leire Ruiz-Aizpurua, Joaquín Vicente and Francisco S.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluating How Swedish Hunters Determine Which Species Belong in Nature
    European Journal of Wildlife Research (2020) 66: 77 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10344-020-01418-6 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Evaluating how Swedish hunters determine which species belong in nature M. Nils Peterson1 & Alyssa Chen1 & Erica von Essen1 & Hans Peter Hansen1 Received: 30 January 2020 /Revised: 17 August 2020 /Accepted: 24 August 2020 / Published online: 27 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020 Abstract Understanding whether people view non-native species as belonging in a place will help guide important conservation efforts ranging from eradications of exotics to re-introduction of extirpated species. In this manuscript we describe the degree to which Swedish hunters perceive key wildlife species as belonging in Swedish nature. We surveyed 2014 Swedish hunters randomly selected from a database of all registered hunters with a 47.5% response rate. We measured hunters’ perceptions of the belonging of 10 key species on the Swedish landscape, compared them with confidence intervals for proportions, and predicted them using regression models. Construct validity was assessed through pretesting and focus groups. Our results suggest Swedish hunters consider species introduced wholly by humans as less likely to belong in Sweden compared with species that evolved in situ, species with negative socio-economic impact as less likely to belong in Sweden compared with species with no impact or positive economic impacts, and species with wide distributions to be seen as more likely to belong in Sweden compared with those with narrow distributions. Perceptions of wolves, fallow deer, and European rabbits differed from these broad trends potentially due to unique cultural constructions of belonging for the species and the duration since anthropogenic introductions for the latter species.
    [Show full text]
  • Invaders Without Frontiers: Cross-Border Invasions of Exotic Mammals
    Biological Invasions 4: 157–173, 2002. © 2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands. Review Invaders without frontiers: cross-border invasions of exotic mammals Fabian M. Jaksic1,∗, J. Agust´ın Iriarte2, Jaime E. Jimenez´ 3 & David R. Mart´ınez4 1Center for Advanced Studies in Ecology & Biodiversity, Pontificia Universidad Catolica´ de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile; 2Servicio Agr´ıcola y Ganadero, Av. Bulnes 140, Santiago, Chile; 3Laboratorio de Ecolog´ıa, Universidad de Los Lagos, Casilla 933, Osorno, Chile; 4Centro de Estudios Forestales y Ambientales, Universidad de Los Lagos, Casilla 933, Osorno, Chile; ∗Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected]; fax: +56-2-6862615) Received 31 August 2001; accepted in revised form 25 March 2002 Key words: American beaver, American mink, Argentina, Chile, European hare, European rabbit, exotic mammals, grey fox, muskrat, Patagonia, red deer, South America, wild boar Abstract We address cross-border mammal invasions between Chilean and Argentine Patagonia, providing a detailed history of the introductions, subsequent spread (and spread rate when documented), and current limits of mammal invasions. The eight species involved are the following: European hare (Lepus europaeus), European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), wild boar (Sus scrofa), and red deer (Cervus elaphus) were all introduced from Europe (Austria, France, Germany, and Spain) to either or both Chilean and Argentine Patagonia. American beaver (Castor canadensis) and muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) were introduced from Canada to Argentine Tierra del Fuego Island (shared with Chile). The American mink (Mustela vison) apparently was brought from the United States of America to both Chilean and Argentine Patagonia, independently. The native grey fox (Pseudalopex griseus) was introduced from Chilean to Argentine Tierra del Fuego.
    [Show full text]
  • Rabbits “Near Threatened” with Extinction Declines Brink Ecosystems to the Brink of Collapse
    Rabbits “Near Threatened” with Extinction Declines brink ecosystems to the brink of collapse The European Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) has been officially reclassified as “Near Threatened” with extinction, in its native range, by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Many people remain unaware that the European Rabbit is native to just Spain, Portugal and small parts of North Africa, from where it was introduced elsewhere by humans (e.g. into the UK and Australia). Similarly, many do not know that rabbits have declined massively in the Iberian Peninsula in recent decades, and that this has had a huge impact on wider nature conservation given that rabbits are a vital prey species for many other animals. European Rabbits were once abundant across the Iberian Peninsula, even probably being the origin of the name of Spain, Hispana, “the land of the rabbits”, in Phonenician. However, due to a combination of excessive hunting and eradication programmes, habitat loss and the arrival of myxomatosis in the 1950s and Rabbit Hemorrhagic Virus in 1989, rabbit populations have declined dramatically and remain very low in most areas, e.g. just 5% of pre-1950s levels. This in turn has led to the decline in many emblematic predator species, including the Iberian Lynx and Spanish Imperial Eagle. One major obstacle to reversing this decline is that rabbits and rabbit conservation in Spain and Portugal have not had the profile that they deserve, particularly at the international level where much more attention has been paid to controlling and eradicating rabbits in areas where they have been introduced and they cause considerable ecological and agricultural damage.
    [Show full text]
  • The Netherlands in Winter
    The Netherlands in Winter Naturetrek Tour Report 25 February - 1 March 2019 Group Birding Holland Purple Sandpiper Red-throated Diver Inlagen Schouwen- d Report and photos compiled by Gerald Broddelez Naturetrek Mingledown Barn Wolf's Lane Chawton Alton Hampshire GU34 3HJ UK T: +44 (0)1962 733051 E: [email protected] W: www.naturetrek.co.uk Tour Report The Netherlands in Winter Tour participants: Gerald Broddelez (Leader) with eight Naturetrek clients Day 1 Monday 25th February Lille – Goes –Renesse This holiday began with a Eurostar departure from St Pancras to Lille in northern France, where we were met by Gerald. After picking up everyone at Lille station we drove north through Belgium and into Zeeland, the most southerly province of the Netherlands. We arrived at our accommodation for the night in good time for a first exploration of the area. Some people went for a walk in the nearby marshes and dunes and found a good selection of birds including more than 30 Red-throated Divers on the sea giving great views. After an excellent five course meal we hit our warm rooms, ready for a good night’s sleep after a long day travelling. Day 2 Tuesday 26th February Brouwersdam- Goeree – Strijen – Nunspeet After a tasty breakfast it was only a very short drive to our first stop to the Inlagen on Schouwen-Duiveland, a birder’s mecca. Here we scoped the thousands of Barnacle Goose, Curlew and Avocet, compared Spotted and Common Redshank, Little Ringed and Golden Plover. Great and Little Egrets were common, while 11 Spoonbills were less so, and the lakes held loads of Gadwall, Wigeon, Pintail, Teal and, best of all, two pairs of smart Smew.
    [Show full text]
  • (Oryctolagus Cuniculus L.) As Seed Disperser of the Invasive Opium Poppy (Papaver Somniferum L.) in Robinson Crusoe Island, Chile Mastozoología Neotropical, Vol
    Mastozoología Neotropical ISSN: 0327-9383 [email protected] Sociedad Argentina para el Estudio de los Mamíferos Argentina Fernández, Alfonso; Sáiz, Francisco The european rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus L.) as seed disperser of the invasive opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) in Robinson Crusoe Island, Chile Mastozoología Neotropical, vol. 14, núm. 1, enero-junio, 2007, pp. 19-27 Sociedad Argentina para el Estudio de los Mamíferos Tucumán, Argentina Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=45714103 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Mastozoología Neotropical, 14(1):19-27, Mendoza, 2007 ISSN 0327-9383 ©SAREM, 2007 Versión on-line ISSN 1666-0536 www.cricyt.edu.ar/mn.htm THE EUROPEAN RABBIT (Oryctolagus cuniculus L.) AS SEED DISPERSER OF THE INVASIVE OPIUM POPPY (Papaver somniferum L.) IN ROBINSON CRUSOE ISLAND, CHILE Alfonso Fernández1 and Francisco Sáiz2 1 Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Campus de Arrosadía sn, 31006, Pamplona, Navarra - España. Teléfono (34) 948362629 <[email protected]>. 2 Universidad Católica de Valparaiso, Avenida Brasil 2950, Casilla 4059 Valparaiso, Chile. Teléfono (56) 32273000 <[email protected]> ABSTRACT: We investigated whether introduced European rabbit on Robinson Crusoe Island, Chile, has the potential to spread the seeds of the exotic Papaver somniferum (opium poppy) via endozoochory. A total of 1320 rabbit droppings were collected during early autumn in the study area and analyzed in laboratory with binocular magnifying glass.
    [Show full text]
  • The High Abundance of Wild Ungulates in a Mediterranean Region: Is This Compatible with the European Rabbit? Author(S): Antonio J
    The high abundance of wild ungulates in a Mediterranean region: is this compatible with the European rabbit? Author(s): Antonio J. Carpio, José Guerrero-Casado, Leire Ruiz-Aizpurua, Joaquín Vicente and Francisco S. Tortosa Source: Wildlife Biology, 20(3):161-166. Published By: Nordic Board for Wildlife Research DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2981/wlb.13113 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.2981/wlb.13113 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Wildlife Biology 20: 161–166, 2014 doi: 10.2981/wlb.13113 © 2014 The Authors. This is an Open Access article Subject Editor: Klaus Hackländer. Accepted 4 December 2014 The high abundance of wild ungulates in a Mediterranean region: is this compatible with the European rabbit? Antonio J. Carpio, José Guerrero-Casado, Leire Ruiz-Aizpurua, Joaquín Vicente and Francisco S.
    [Show full text]