DOCSLIB.ORG

Mid-Wisconsinan Climate Reconstruction Based on Fossil

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Mid-Wisconsinan Climate Reconstruction Based on Fossil MID-WISCONSINAN CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTION BASED ON FOSSIL BEETLES FROM SIX MILE CREEK, ITHACA, NEW YORK A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the North Dakota State University of Agriculture and Applied Science By Sangita Shrestha In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Major Program: Environmental and Conservation Science March 2017 Fargo, North Dakota North Dakota State University Graduate School Title MID-WISCONSINAN CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTION BASED ON FOSSIL BEETLES FROM SIX MILE CREEK, ITHACA, NEW YORK By Sangita Shrestha The Supervisory Committee certifies that this disquisition complies with North Dakota State University’s regulations and meets the accepted standards for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE SUPERVISORY COMMITTEE: Dr. Allan Ashworth Chair Dr. Donald Schwert Dr. Stephanie Day Dr. Gary Clambey Dr. Craig Stockwell (ECS Director) Approved: 12 February 2018 Dr. Peter Oduor Date Department Chair ABSTRACT The history of the Mid-Wisconsinan sub-stage in northeastern North America is one of large climatic oscillations. Fossil beetles were extracted from two horizons at the Six Mile Creek site, New York. A total of 738 individuals was identified, representing 16 species. The beetle fossils, as well as those of plants, indicate a range of habitats from well-drained uplands to moist boggy lowlands, indicative of a tundra environment. A modified Mutual Climatic Range (MCR) method was used for the paleoclimatic reconstruction. SAS and ArcGIS programs were used to construct 95% confidence ellipses from which mean July temperature was inferred to be in the range of 8.7 ºC to 11.4 ºC and mean January temperature in the range of -24.6 ºC to -15.3 ºC. The estimated mean July temperature is 9.0 °C to 11.7 °C cooler than in central New York State at present. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I express my gratitude to my advisor Dr. Allan Ashworth for giving me the opportunity to pursue my dream of graduate studies, for providing samples, and for his technical help. I also thank Dr. Daniel E. Karig, Professor Emeritus, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University for providing me samples that he collected from the Six Mile Creek valley. I am also grateful to Dr. Dorothy M. Peteet, Adjunct Senior Research Scientist, Lamont- Doherty Earth Observatory, Biology and Paleoenvironment, Columbia University for identification of the fossil plant specimens. I would like to sincerely thank Mr. Curt Doetkott, Consulting Statistician, Statistical Consulting Service (SCS) at North Dakota State University, for his immense help during my data analysis using SAS. I sincerely thank Dr. Peter Oduor, Chair, Department of Geosciences for his support and encouragement in GIS analysis of my research data. I am also grateful to members of my advisory committee, Dr. Donald P. Schwert, Dr. Gary Clambey, and Dr. Stephanie S. Day for their comments and suggestions on my thesis. This research was supported in part by NSF Grant No. EAR 0948652. Two years of my stipend support were provided from this grant. I am grateful to my parents, Mr. Madhav Lal Shrestha and Mrs. Chandreswari Shrestha, my siblings and extended families for their love and support. My brother, Dr. Shailesh Shrestha, and sister, Moneesha Shrestha, were always there to encourage me during my hard times. Lastly, I thank my husband, Dr. Suman Lal Shrestha for his relentless support, encouragement, and unwavering love. iv DEDICATION I dedicate this thesis to my mother-in-law, late Mrs. Jamuna Devi Shrestha, who inspired and encouraged me in every step of my life. v TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................... iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... iv DEDICATION ................................................................................................................................ v LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................................... viii LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... ix LIST OF APPENDIX TABLES .................................................................................................... xi INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 1 1. BACKGROUND AND LITERATURE RESEARCH ............................................................... 2 1.1. Paleoclimatic Proxies ........................................................................................................... 2 1.2. Fossil Beetles as Paleoclimatic Indicators ........................................................................... 2 1.3. Mid-Wisconsinan Sub-stage in the Quaternary Period ........................................................ 4 1.3.1. Wisconsinan Glaciation ................................................................................................. 4 1.3.2. Mid-Wisconsinan Sub-stage .......................................................................................... 4 1.4. Six Mile Creek ..................................................................................................................... 5 1.5. Mid-Wisconsinan Chronostratigraphy of Northeastern North America .............................. 9 1.6. Mid-Wisconsinan Climate Interpretation using Biological Proxies .................................. 11 1.6.1. Northeastern North America ....................................................................................... 11 1.6.2. Previous Lithologic and Paleontological Studies at Six Mile Creek ........................... 13 1.7. Climate Reconstruction using Biological Proxies .............................................................. 16 1.7.1. Most Commonly Used Approaches in Paleoecology .................................................. 16 1.7.2. Use of GIS in Paleoecological Reconstructions .......................................................... 18 2. MATERIAL AND METHODS ................................................................................................ 20 2.1. Sample Collection .............................................................................................................. 20 2.2. Fossil Extraction and Preparation ...................................................................................... 22 vi 2.3. Fossil Identification ............................................................................................................ 22 2.4. Similarity Analysis of Site 1 and Site 2 Samples ............................................................... 23 2.5. Paleoclimatic Analysis ....................................................................................................... 24 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ............................................................................................... 27 3.1. Fossil Beetle Assemblages ................................................................................................. 27 3.2. Macrofossil Analyses ......................................................................................................... 41 3.3. Synthesis of Paleoenvironment .......................................................................................... 42 3.4. Paleoclimatic Reconstruction ............................................................................................. 43 3.5. Discussion .......................................................................................................................... 49 4. CONCLUSIONS....................................................................................................................... 52 5. REFERENCES ......................................................................................................................... 53 APPENDIX. COLLECTION LOCALITIES AND CLIMATE DATA FOR SIX MILE CREEK ......................................................................................................................................... 62 vii LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. Age of different stratigraphic units at Six Mile Creek………………………………. ..... 14 2. Radiocarbon ages and associated calendar years from plant macrofossils and beetles at Six Mile Creek site………………………………………………………........ 15 3. Radiocarbon ages and associated calendar years of samples at the Six Mile Creek site .. 21 4. Coleoptera identified from Site 1 at Six Mile Creek (1997 sample) ................................ 28 5. Coleoptera identified from Site 2 at Six Mile Creek (2013 sample) ................................ 29 6. Analysis for similarity/dissimilarity between Site 1 and Site 2 using the Dice coefficient ......................................................................................................................... 29 7. Summary of habitat preferences of beetles identified in the Six Mile Creek fossil assemblage ........................................................................................................................ 30 8. Modern occurrences of the beetles from Six Mile Creek fossil assemblages in North American ecological regions .................................................................................. 42 9. Comparison of the paleoclimate for the Six Mile Creek site obtained from analyses of probability
Load more

Recommended publications
  • ARTHROPOD COMMUNITIES and PASSERINE DIET: EFFECTS of SHRUB EXPANSION in WESTERN ALASKA by Molly Tankersley Mcdermott, B.A./B.S
    Arthropod communities and passerine diet: effects of shrub expansion in Western Alaska Item Type Thesis Authors McDermott, Molly Tankersley Download date 26/09/2021 06:13:39 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/11122/7893 ARTHROPOD COMMUNITIES AND PASSERINE DIET: EFFECTS OF SHRUB EXPANSION IN WESTERN ALASKA By Molly Tankersley McDermott, B.A./B.S. A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Biological Sciences University of Alaska Fairbanks August 2017 APPROVED: Pat Doak, Committee Chair Greg Breed, Committee Member Colleen Handel, Committee Member Christa Mulder, Committee Member Kris Hundertmark, Chair Department o f Biology and Wildlife Paul Layer, Dean College o f Natural Science and Mathematics Michael Castellini, Dean of the Graduate School ABSTRACT Across the Arctic, taller woody shrubs, particularly willow (Salix spp.), birch (Betula spp.), and alder (Alnus spp.), have been expanding rapidly onto tundra. Changes in vegetation structure can alter the physical habitat structure, thermal environment, and food available to arthropods, which play an important role in the structure and functioning of Arctic ecosystems. Not only do they provide key ecosystem services such as pollination and nutrient cycling, they are an essential food source for migratory birds. In this study I examined the relationships between the abundance, diversity, and community composition of arthropods and the height and cover of several shrub species across a tundra-shrub gradient in northwestern Alaska. To characterize nestling diet of common passerines that occupy this gradient, I used next-generation sequencing of fecal matter. Willow cover was strongly and consistently associated with abundance and biomass of arthropods and significant shifts in arthropod community composition and diversity.
    [Show full text]
  • Water Beetles
    Ireland Red List No. 1 Water beetles Ireland Red List No. 1: Water beetles G.N. Foster1, B.H. Nelson2 & Á. O Connor3 1 3 Eglinton Terrace, Ayr KA7 1JJ 2 Department of Natural Sciences, National Museums Northern Ireland 3 National Parks & Wildlife Service, Department of Environment, Heritage & Local Government Citation: Foster, G. N., Nelson, B. H. & O Connor, Á. (2009) Ireland Red List No. 1 – Water beetles. National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Environment, Heritage and Local Government, Dublin, Ireland. Cover images from top: Dryops similaris (© Roy Anderson); Gyrinus urinator, Hygrotus decoratus, Berosus signaticollis & Platambus maculatus (all © Jonty Denton) Ireland Red List Series Editors: N. Kingston & F. Marnell © National Parks and Wildlife Service 2009 ISSN 2009‐2016 Red list of Irish Water beetles 2009 ____________________________ CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................................................... 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...................................................................................................................................... 2 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................................ 3 NOMENCLATURE AND THE IRISH CHECKLIST................................................................................................ 3 COVERAGE .......................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Wild Species 2010 the GENERAL STATUS of SPECIES in CANADA
    Wild Species 2010 THE GENERAL STATUS OF SPECIES IN CANADA Canadian Endangered Species Conservation Council National General Status Working Group This report is a product from the collaboration of all provincial and territorial governments in Canada, and of the federal government. Canadian Endangered Species Conservation Council (CESCC). 2011. Wild Species 2010: The General Status of Species in Canada. National General Status Working Group: 302 pp. Available in French under title: Espèces sauvages 2010: La situation générale des espèces au Canada. ii Abstract Wild Species 2010 is the third report of the series after 2000 and 2005. The aim of the Wild Species series is to provide an overview on which species occur in Canada, in which provinces, territories or ocean regions they occur, and what is their status. Each species assessed in this report received a rank among the following categories: Extinct (0.2), Extirpated (0.1), At Risk (1), May Be At Risk (2), Sensitive (3), Secure (4), Undetermined (5), Not Assessed (6), Exotic (7) or Accidental (8). In the 2010 report, 11 950 species were assessed. Many taxonomic groups that were first assessed in the previous Wild Species reports were reassessed, such as vascular plants, freshwater mussels, odonates, butterflies, crayfishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. Other taxonomic groups are assessed for the first time in the Wild Species 2010 report, namely lichens, mosses, spiders, predaceous diving beetles, ground beetles (including the reassessment of tiger beetles), lady beetles, bumblebees, black flies, horse flies, mosquitoes, and some selected macromoths. The overall results of this report show that the majority of Canada’s wild species are ranked Secure.
    [Show full text]
  • CNC/IUGG: 2019 Quadrennial Report
    CNC/IUGG: 2019 Quadrennial Report Geodesy and Geophysics in Canada 2015-2019 Quadrennial Report of the Canadian National Committee for the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics Prepared on the Occasion of the 27th General Assembly of the IUGG Montreal, Canada July 2019 INTRODUCTION This report summarizes the research carried out in Canada in the fields of geodesy and geophysics during the quadrennial 2015-2019. It was prepared under the direction of the Canadian National Committee for the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (CNC/IUGG). The CNC/IUGG is administered by the Canadian Geophysical Union, in consultation with the Canadian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society and other Canadian scientific organizations, including the Canadian Association of Physicists, the Geological Association of Canada, and the Canadian Institute of Geomatics. The IUGG adhering organization for Canada is the National Research Council of Canada. Among other duties, the CNC/IUGG is responsible for: • collecting and reconciling the many views of the constituent Canadian scientific community on relevant issues • identifying, representing, and promoting the capabilities and distinctive competence of the community on the international stage • enhancing the depth and breadth of the participation of the community in the activities and events of the IUGG and related organizations • establishing the mechanisms for communicating to the community the views of the IUGG and information about the activities of the IUGG. The aim of this report is to communicate to both the Canadian and international scientific communities the research areas and research progress that has been achieved in geodesy and geophysics over the last four years. The main body of this report is divided into eight sections: one for each of the eight major scientific disciplines as represented by the eight sister societies of the IUGG.
    [Show full text]
  • Results of the Alpha-Particle-X-Ray Spectrometer on Board of the Mars Exploration Rovers
    Lunar and Planetary Science XXXVI (2005) 1997.pdf Results of the Alpha-Particle-X-ray Spectrometer on Board of the Mars Exploration Rovers. R.Gellert1, J. Zipfel1, J.Brückner1, G. Dreibus1, G. Lugmair1, R. Rieder1, H. Wänke1, G. Klingelhöfer2, B. C. Clark3, D. W. Ming4, A. Yen5, S. Squyres6, and the Athena Science Team, 1Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, J. J. Becher Weg 27, D-55128 Mainz, Germany, e-mail: [email protected], 2Instit. f. Anorgan. Analyt. Chemie, Univ. of Mainz, Germany, 3Lockheed Martin Corp., Littleton, CO, USA, 4Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA 5Jet Propulsion Lab., Pasadena, CA, USA, 6Center f. Radiophys. Space Res., Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA. Overview: The Mars Exploration Rovers Spirit ments during a 3 km traverse showed no significant and Opportunity landed at Gusev crater and Meridiani change although the local rocks are different (Fig. 1). Planum [1]. The Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer Meridiani outcrop: Composition of outcrop rocks (APXS) is part of the instrument suite on both rovers exposed in three impact craters at Meridiani Planum [2]. It is equipped with six 244Cm sources which pro- was investigated. Most analyses were taken after rock vide x-ray excitation with alpha-particles (PIXE) and surfaces were abraded in order to eliminate surface x-ray radiation (XRF). This combination allows x-ray contamination. These rocks have a relatively uniform spectroscopy of elements from Na to Br in the energy composition, characterized by a very high S content, range of 0.9 to 16 keV. X-ray detectors with a high assumed to be SO3.
    [Show full text]
  • Newsletter Alaska Entomological Society
    Newsletter of the Alaska Entomological Society Volume 12, Issue 1, March 2019 In this issue: Some food items of introduced Alaska blackfish (Dallia pectoralis T. H. Bean, 1880) in Kenai, Alaska8 Announcements . .1 Two new records of mayflies (Ephemeroptera) Arthropods potentially associated with spruce from Alaska . 11 (Picea spp.) in Interior Alaska . .2 Changes in soil fungal communities in response to A second Alaska record for Polix coloradella (Wals- invasion by Lumbricus terrestris Linnaeus, 1758 ingham, 1888) (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea: Oe- at Stormy Lake, Nikiski, Alaska . 12 cophoridae), the “Skunk Moth” . .5 Review of the twelfth annual meeting . 19 Announcements New research to assess the risk of ticks tat suitability and probabilistic establishment model to dis- cover the climatic limits and probability of tick survival and tick-borne pathogens in Alaska in Alaska. For more information on ticks in Alaska and to learn how you can Submit-A-Tick, please visit: https: The geographic range of many tick species has expanded //dec.alaska.gov/eh/vet/ticks (website is in develop- substantially due to changes in climate, land use, and an- ment) or contact Dr. Micah Hahn ([email protected]). imal and human movement. With Alaska trending to- wards longer summers and milder winters, there is grow- ing concern about ticks surviving further north. Recent th passive surveillance efforts in Alaska have revealed that 69 Western Forest Insect Work Confer- non-native ticks—some with significant medical and vet- ence erinary importance—are present in the state. There is a new collaborative effort between the University of Alaska, The 69th Western Forest Insect Work Conference will the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, and the Of- be held April 22–25 2019 in Anchorage, Alaska at fice of the State Veterinarian to understand the risk of the Anchorage Marriott Downtown.
    [Show full text]
  • Filed a Motion for Partial Summary Judgment
    UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA ) HOPI TRIBE, et al., ) ) Plaintiffs, ) Case No. 1:17-cv-2590 (TSC) ) v. ) ) DONALD J. TRUMP, et al., ) ) Defendants. ) ) ) UTAH DINÉ BIKÉYAH, et al., ) ) Plaintiffs, ) Case No. 1:17-cv-2605 (TSC) ) v. ) ) DONALD J. TRUMP, et al., ) ) Defendants. ) ) ) NATURAL RESOURCES DEFENSE ) COUNCIL, INC., et al., ) ) Plaintiffs, ) Case No. 1:17-cv-2606 (TSC) ) v. ) ) DONALD J. TRUMP, et al., ) )CONSOLIDATED CASES Defendants. ) ) ) AMERICAN FARM BUREAU ) FEDERATION, et al., ) ) Defendants-Intervenors. ) ) TRIBAL PLAINTIFFS’ MEMORANDUM IN SUPPORT OF MOTION FOR PARTIAL SUMMARY JUDGMENT Table of Contents TABLE OF AUTHORITIES ........................................................................................................... i INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................................1 BACKGROUND .............................................................................................................................3 I. Bears Ears: Home Since Time Immemorial .........................................................................3 II. Establishment of the Bears Ears National Monument .........................................................7 III. Revocation of the Bears Ears National Monument and the Bears Ears Commission .........8 STANDARD OF REVIEW ...........................................................................................................10 STANDING ..................................................................................................................................10
    [Show full text]
  • Boreal Ground-Beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Assemblages of the Mainland and Islands in Lac La Ronge, Saskatchewan, Canada
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316781970 Boreal ground-beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) assemblages of the mainland and islands in Lac la Ronge, Saskatchewan, Canada Article in The Canadian Entomologist · May 2017 DOI: 10.4039/tce.2017.12 CITATIONS READS 2 164 4 authors, including: Aaron J. Bell Iain David Phillips University of Saskatchewan Saskatchewan Water Security Agency 18 PUBLICATIONS 23 CITATIONS 57 PUBLICATIONS 333 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Scott Nielsen University of Alberta 188 PUBLICATIONS 6,015 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Grizzly bear response to disturbance View project Grizzly bear population dynamics in a changing world View project All content following this page was uploaded by Aaron J. Bell on 07 November 2017. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. 1 Boreal ground-beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) assemblages of the mainland and islands in Lac la Ronge, Saskatchewan, Canada Aaron J. Bell,1 Iain D. Phillips, Scott E. Nielsen, John R. Spence Abstract—We tested the applicability of the “passive sampling” hypothesis and theory of island biogeography (TIB) for explaining the diversity of forest-dwelling carabid assemblages (Carabidae: Coleoptera) on 30 forested islands (0.2–980.7 ha) in Lac la Ronge and the adjacent mainland in Saskatchewan, Canada. Species richness per unit area increased with distance to mainland with diversity being highest on the most isolated islands. We detected neither a positive species-area relationship, nor significant differences in species richness among island size classes, or between islands and the mainland.
    [Show full text]
  • Cochise-County-History-Duncan.Pdf
    "K rf sC'U 't ' wjpkiJ'aiAilrfy "j11" '.yj.jfegapyp.-jtji1- M THE BISBEE DAILY T vk EVIEW MEMBER ASSOCIATED PRESS. VOLUME 14. SECTION TWO BISBEE, ARIZONA, SUNDAY MORNING, NOVEMBER 5, 1911 PAGES 9 TO 14. NUMBER 154. i , ! v Stories of the Early Days of Cochise County Written For The Review By James F. Duncan Of Tombstone ' In 187C I was at Signal, Arizona, a that it could not do tbc work, and to the Tombstone Mill and Mining would havo put to rest all the trumped lug of tlie trouble; dreaming of noth- Corblns up town at that time or probably one hun the jut a mill of their own, company f Hartford, Conn., by Rich- - tip stories that have been told by ing, only working away, and fifty people. to work tho ore from tho Lncky Cujs never think- dred L. j persons I first became acquainted with Dick mine, which they purchased In the P' Gus Barron's Own Storv jsrd Gird; Nellie, his. wife, Ed. who knew nothing only from ing for a moment of what was coming. Gird In the year l&i.,atthelia"kberry winter of 1878 or 187U. After the jH Schieffelln and A. H. Schieffelln of j hearsay. Although Gird was very Not so with Al Schieffelln. Ho re- mine, where ho was at that time run mm wits vrecicu nicy Hinrieu anu ran Arizona. I. S. Vosburg otjerous In dividing up with tho Schlef-Tucso- membered well how ho used to wort; It twenty-tw- o days, ning the mill.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ground Beetle Fauna (Coleoptera, Carabidae) of Southeastern Altai R
    ISSN 0013-8738, Entomological Review, 2010, Vol. 90, No. 8, pp. ???–???. © Pleiades Publishing, Inc., 2010. Original Russian Text © R.Yu. Dudko, A.V. Matalin, D.N. Fedorenko, 2010, published in Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 2010, Vol. 89, No. 11, pp. 1312–1330. The Ground Beetle Fauna (Coleoptera, Carabidae) of Southeastern Altai R. Yu. Dudkoa, A. V. Matalinb, and D. N. Fedorenkoc aInstitute of Animal Systematics and Ecology, Siberian Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630091 Russia bMoscow Pedagogical State University, Moscow, 129243 Russia e-mail: [email protected] cInstitute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071 Russia Received October 1, 2009 Abstract—Long-term studies of the ground beetle fauna of Southeastern Altai (SEA) revealed 33 genera and 185 species; 3 and 15 species are reported for the first time from Russia and SEA, respectively. The following gen- era are the most diverse: Bembidion (47 species), Amara and Harpalus (21 each), Pterostichus (14), and Nebria (13). The subarid (35%) and boreal (32%) species prevail in the arealogical spectrum, while the mountain endem- ics comprise 13% of the fauna. The carabid fauna of SEA is heterogeneous in composition and differs significantly from that of the Western and Central Altai. The boreal mountain component mostly comprises tundra species with circum-boreal or circum-arctic ranges, while the subarid component (typical Mongolian together with Ancient Mediterranean species) forms more than one-half of the species diversity in the mountain basins. The species diver- sity increases from the nival mountain belt (15 species, predominantly Altai-Sayan endemics) to moss-lichen tun- dras (40, mostly boreal, species).
    [Show full text]
  • Summits on the Air – ARM for Canada (Alberta – VE6) Summits on the Air
    Summits on the Air – ARM for Canada (Alberta – VE6) Summits on the Air Canada (Alberta – VE6/VA6) Association Reference Manual (ARM) Document Reference S87.1 Issue number 2.2 Date of issue 1st August 2016 Participation start date 1st October 2012 Authorised Association Manager Walker McBryde VA6MCB Summits-on-the-Air an original concept by G3WGV and developed with G3CWI Notice “Summits on the Air” SOTA and the SOTA logo are trademarks of the Programme. This document is copyright of the Programme. All other trademarks and copyrights referenced herein are acknowledged Page 1 of 63 Document S87.1 v2.2 Summits on the Air – ARM for Canada (Alberta – VE6) 1 Change Control ............................................................................................................................. 4 2 Association Reference Data ..................................................................................................... 7 2.1 Programme derivation ..................................................................................................................... 8 2.2 General information .......................................................................................................................... 8 2.3 Rights of way and access issues ..................................................................................................... 9 2.4 Maps and navigation .......................................................................................................................... 9 2.5 Safety considerations ..................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Coleoptera: Carabidae) Diversity
    VEGETATIVE COMMUNITIES AS INDICATORS OF GROUND BEETLE (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE) DIVERSITY BY ALAN D. YANAHAN THESIS Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Entomology in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2013 Urbana, Illinois Master’s Committee: Dr. Steven J. Taylor, Chair, Director of Research Adjunct Assistant Professor Sam W. Heads Associate Professor Andrew V. Suarez ABSTRACT Formally assessing biodiversity can be a daunting if not impossible task. Subsequently, specific taxa are often chosen as indicators of patterns of diversity as a whole. Mapping the locations of indicator taxa can inform conservation planning by identifying land units for management strategies. For this approach to be successful, though, land units must be effective spatial representations of the species assemblages present on the landscape. In this study, I determined whether land units classified by vegetative communities predicted the community structure of a diverse group of invertebrates—the ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Specifically, that (1) land units of the same classification contained similar carabid species assemblages and that (2) differences in species structure were correlated with variation in land unit characteristics, including canopy and ground cover, vegetation structure, tree density, leaf litter depth, and soil moisture. The study site, the Braidwood Dunes and Savanna Nature Preserve in Will County, Illinois is a mosaic of differing land units. Beetles were sampled continuously via pitfall trapping across an entire active season from 2011–2012. Land unit characteristics were measured in July 2012. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordinated the land units by their carabid assemblages into five ecologically meaningful clusters: disturbed, marsh, prairie, restoration, and savanna.
    [Show full text]