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INFORMATION to USERS the Most Advanced Technology Has Been Used to Photo Graph and Reproduce This Manuscript from the Microfil INFORMATION TO USERS The most advanced technology has been used to photo­ graph and reproduce this manuscript from the microfilm master. UMI films the original text directly from the copy submitted. Thus, some dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from a computer printer. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there a re missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyrighted material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are re­ produced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each oversize page is available as one exposure on a standard 35 mm slide or as a 17" x 23" black and white photographic print for an additional charge. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. 35 mm slides or 6" X 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. A ccessing the UMIWorld's Information sin ce 1938 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor. Ml 48106-1346 USA Order Number 8820327 The Company of Four at the Lyric, Hammersmith: A paradigm for the emergent National Theatre concept Murphy, Hugh Mack, Jr., Ph.D. The Ohio State University, 1988 Copyright ©1988 by Murphy, Hugh Mack, Jr. All rights reserved. UMI SOON. ZeebRd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 THE COMPANY OF FOUR AT THE LYRIC, HAMMERSMITH: A PARADIGM FOR THE EMERGENT NATIONAL THEATRE CONCEPT DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Hugh Mack Murphy, Jr., B.A., M.A. ***** The Ohio State University 1988 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Alan Woods David Ayers Adviser George Crepeau Department of Theatre Copyright by Hugh Mack Murphy, Jr. 1988 Dedication To my parents, Hugh M. Murphy and Montez S. Murphy whose love and belief in me have been a great source of comfort and to Dr. George Bogusch (1931-1981) under whose inspired and human pedagogy the myriad uses and joys of theatre history were first revealed to me n ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my thanks to the members of my committee. Dr. David Ayers and Dr. George Crepeau, for their patience, support and encouragement I would particularly like to thank my advisor. Dr. Alan Woods, for his unfailing belief in this project, his indefatiguable sense of humor, and finally, for the many hours he devoted to seeing this study through to completion. This study could not have been undertaken without the cooperation and encouragement of Miss Kitty Black. For opening her files, her memory and her home to me I owe her an immeasurable debt of gratitude. I would also like to to express my appreciation to the staff of the H. M. Tennent, Ltd. office, the staff of the Gabrielle Enthoven Collection of the Victoria and Albert Museum and the reference staff of The Ohio State University Library. And, finally, I would like to express my indebtedness to Mr. Dana P. Rowe, Dr. Charles T. Wellborn, and Dr. James R. Bailey, each of whom, at a critical juncture, provided support, encouragement, council, aid and inspiration. m VITA December 10, 1952........... Bom - Thomasville, Georgia 197 5 .................................. B.A., School of Theatre, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 197 6 .................................. M.A., School of Theatre, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Rorida 1978,1981........................ Adjunct Professor of Theatre American Instimte for Foreign Studies, Richmond College, London, England 1983-1985.........................Assistant Director Greater Columbus Arts Council Columbus, Ohio 1985-Present..................... Administrative Associate, Grants and Development Wexner Center for the Visual Arts The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio Major Fields of Study: Acting, Dramatic Theory and Criticism, Theatre Management, 20th Century British Theatre History IV TABLE OF CONTENTS Dedication .................................................................................................................i Acknowledgements .................................................................................................ü Vita........................................................................................................................iv Table of Contents ..................................................................................................... v Chapter Page I. The Company of Four at the Lyric, Hammersmith: A Paradigm for the Emergent National Theatre Concept .....................................................................................1 An Historical Perspective ............................................................................. 1 The Sources of this Study .............................................................................. 9 Conclusion .................................................................................................. 11 n. The Founders of the Company of Four and a Brief History of the Lyric Theatre, Hammersmith......................................................................14 Hugh Morgan Griffith Beaumont ................................................................. 14 William Tj^one Guthrie .............................................................................. 17 Norman Ftiggins......................................................................................... 20 Rudolph Bing ..............................................................................................21 The Formation of the Company ...................................................................23 A Name for the Company ...........................................................................23 A Home for the Company ...........................................................................24 The Lyric Theatre, Hammersmith...............................................................25 The Administrative Structure of the Company ............................................ 30 Conclusion ..................................................................................................32 m. Changes in English Tax Law and Their Effect on the Company of Four 33 Discussion ...................................................................................................33 Conclusion ..................................................................................................49 rv. The Company as a Producerof New Works by British Authors ...................51 Introduction ................................................................................................51 The War Plays The Shouting Dies ................................................................................57 An English Summer ..............................................................................59 The Same Sky...................................................................................... 61 The River Line ...................................................................................... 63 Summary ................ 1...................................................................................67 The Revues Tuppence Coloured ...............................................................................69 Oranges and Lemons .............................................................................71 The Lyric Revue ................................................................................... 74 At The Lyric......................................................................................... 75 Conclusion ..................................................................................................77 V. The Company of Four as a Presenter of Works by Cocteau, Sartre and Anouilh ................................................................................................80 Introduction ................................................................................................80 Jean Cocteau and The Eagles Has Two Heads ..........................................81 Jean-Paul Sartre ........................................................................................ 86 Men Without Shadows and The Respectable Prostitute .....................86 Crime Passionnel ................................................................................. 90 Jean Anouilh ...............................................................................................93 Point of Departure ................................................................................. 94 The Anouilh Renaissance Continues .....................................................96 Time Remembered ................................................................................97 The Lark............................................................................................. 100 Conclusion ................................................................................................ 103 VI VI. Revivals Produced by the Company of Four ...............................................108 Introduction ...............................................................................................108 The Gielgud Season Richard n .............................................................................................113 The Way of The World ........................................................................117
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