Report on the Visit to Germany and Switzerland by the Secretary WRD

Report on the visit to Germany and Switzerland by the Secretary WRD, MD VJNL & CE Yettinahole for conducting inspection of Telemetry Flow Meter equipments at factories and labs owned by Hydrovision & GWH and site visits to River, Streams, Canals, Lakes & Water Supply system to undertake studies

1. Need for Visit and orders issued thereon:

1.1 M/s Canarys Automations Pvt.Ltd., Bengaluru is awarded the work of

“Supply, Installation, Commissioning of Telemetry Stream Flow Meter with 5 Year Annual Maintenance for Yettinahole Drinking Water project for

 Real Time Discharge Measurement and data transmission,  providing outflow and yield in each stream using Continuous Volumetric Measurement Systems” vide Executive Engineer, YettinaholeProjectDivision 1, VJNL, Sakleshpura work order No. 3625 dated:06-03-2018 which is currently under implementation by VJNL.

1.2 Scope of work:The scope of work involves supply and erection of

 10 No’s direct Discharge Measurement Electronic Flow meters comprising of 9 non-contact surface velocity flow meters for the streams,  1 no. of transit time flow meters to be installed in the canal after DC-4 and  1 reference Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) for discharge cross verification purpose.

1.3 The inspection and testing of Flow Measurement and Telemetry (FMT) System at production site of the suppliers M/s HydroVision GmbH, Kaufbeuren, Bavaria, Germany were carried out by VJNL as per the tender Scope of work, which specifies that VJNL has to Inspect the flow meter manufacturing facility, the manufactured Flow meters and subject them to tests at the manufacturer’s test facility as per the Scope of work, PART B work Item (i) mentioned in Section 5 Contract Data clause 3 (physical progress check milestone and scope of work) and Item no. 7 in Price Schedule(B). This was necessary to ensure the equipment’s meet the specifications of Contract agreement before shipment.

1.4 The inspection of telemetry equipment’s and sitevisits were carried out by the following team members from the Department of Water Resources, VJNL, GOK.

Sl.No. Name of the Official Designation 1. Sri GurupadaswamyB.G Secretary to Govt. WRD 2. Sri K.Jaiprakash Managing Director VJNL 3. Sri P.ChannappaNaik Chief Engineer, VJNL 4. Smt. Geetha L Deputy Secretary to Govt. WRD

1.5 The contract is awarded to Canarys Automations Pvt. Ltd. vide;

1)Work Order No. 3625 dated:06-03-2018 2)Agreement. 26/2017 -dated: 06-03-2018.

1.6 Travel was approved by the Government vide GO dated 07 April 2018. Accordingly, the visit was undertaken and following is the report.

2. Visit to other Live Installation sites by VJNL team in addition to the inspection of equipments:

2.1 In addition, several Live Installations sites were visited by the VJNL team to understand and verify the actual working of Telemetry systems in the rivers and canals in-situ which includes the sites:

 River ENZ in Baden Württemberg / Black Forest Area / Calmbach / Neuenburg / Pforzheim,  River AARE Aareschlucht or Gorge (enroute to Interlaken from Luceren)  River Aare connecting Brienzensee&Thunersee lakes near Interlaken City  River Aare flowing in the heart of Bern city.  Munich City Drinking Water Supply Schemeprovided with SCADA monitoring wherein raw water (ie., pure which does not require any treatment) is being supplied from Artisan wells which are recharged under glaciers of Alps (mountain series)  Luceren City Drinking Water Supply Scheme (EWL) which integrates sourcing of water from lake, ground & spring at the ration of 50 : 32 : 18

2.2 A Bigger manufacturing facility of HydroVision Parent Company GWF in Lucerne, Switzerland was visited to know the systems and processes of manufacturing, testing and endurance of the flow meter instruments.

3. Date wise visits undertaken in Germany

3.1 On 27th April 2018 – Friday Evening we reached Munich(Germany) by Etihad Airlines. We met the Managing Director of Hydrovision GmbH, Kaufbeuren in Germany and had introductory dialogue and background familiarisation among each of us after arriving at Kaufbeuren.

3.2 Dr.JuergenSkripalle – A Civil Engineer and Masters in Water engineering, with Doctorate in Fluid Mechanics (Computation Fluid Dynamics). A very passionate person about the flow dynamics and Hydrology, he is surrounded by equally competent colleagues at Hydrovision GmbH.

Photo taken at Irsee in the Evening for Coffee, close to HydroVision GmbH Factory

28thSaturday(A Visit to HydroVision GmbH for Half Day) / 29th Sunday – Holiday.

4. Visit to Hydro Vision, GmbH, Kaufbeuren and presentation by MD, Hydro Vision Mr Dr. Juergen Skripalle

On 30th April 2018 Monday – We visited HydroVision GmbH Factory and office.

Visit to Hydro Vision, GmbH, Kaufbeuren 3

4.1 Introduction of the Company HydroVision GmbH and the various products that are manufactured at the factory was introduced by Dr. Juergen Skripalle, Managing Director of HydroVision. He started it in 2002. He was in to flow meters back from 1992 when he got his Masters in Hydrology. He also elaborated on the various type of project and installation carried out for Open Channels, Large Rivers, Penstock pipes, water supply pipes using technology involving Ultrasonic, Radar, Optical type, and installation methods involving both non contact type and contact types.Hydrovision showed us their installation pictures of various flow meter in Rivers as wide as 950 meters and pipes of 6-7 meters diameters using Ultrasonic transit Time technology. They also showed the use of gated Doppler ultrasonic flow meters for small channels and small pipes.

4.2 VJNL, Managing Director, Shri K Jaiprakash presented the Master plan of the scheme, current status of progress on lift component of Yettinahole along with the need for expediting the implementation of Telemetry for the same as the Nigam is committed to commission the lift component shortly. Further he explained that this Telemetry would facilitate assessment of yield besides ensuring measuring of minimum flows on to the downstream side to meet the ecological needs which is mandatory as per stipulations laid down by the MoEF, GOI while according Stage-2 forest clearance so also one of the compliance to the directions of NGT which the Nigam has to abide by. He also emphasized the need for undertaking studies to have a holistic approach on the project in its entirety with regard to the adoption of Telemetry in future.

Briefing by Dr. JuergenSkripalle about the introduction of the Company and various products being manufactured at the factory

Secretary WRD during deliberation emphasized the need for integrated sustainable measuring device and in-house capacity building & MD VJNL emphasized the need for

expediting the implementation of Telemetry for the lift component of Yettinahole (the present task assigned to M/s Canarys Automation Pvt. Ltd.) in the light of directions of NGT & stipulations by MoEF, GOI

Briefing by MD VJNL as how the discharges in the canals are being assessed using current meters and Empirical formulas, shortcomings to that effect and the need for fool proof mechanism like Telemetry for assessing the flow

Presentation by MD VJNL on the profile of lift component of Yettinahole along with the status of progress and the need for expediting Telemetry installation for assessing the yield being the primary requirement and also in the light of stipulations issued by

MoEF, GOI and directions issued by NGT 4.3 During deliberations, the Secretary WRD emphasized the need to have integrated sustainable measuring devices which will give inflow, discharge and delivery details in Real time data transmission, the necessity of maintaining the system and the provision to have in-house capacity building to sustain this system.

5. Visit to the equipments lab at Kaufberen and inspection of equipments being procured: Visited the factory, conducted Product Checks and Inspection of the materials to be shipped to the Yettinahole project site.

5.1 Hydrovision Engineers, Peter Kruger and Dr.Skripalle representing Hydrovision showed us the different units of the factory, the concept and working mechanism of the flow meters were explained. All the flow meters are based on Ultrasonic sensors, Radar Sensors and Optical Sensors, which measure the velocity of the water and then the same is processed in electronic micro controllers which give the velocity of the particle movement in the medium, then the mean velocity in the entire cross section of the gauging site. By measuring the water level continuously, the area of the cross- section of gauging site is known, then using Continuity Equation, the discharge is calculated. All this takes place in the Flow Meter Transmitter/Electronics, which is connected by signal cables to the sensors. This measurement is a continuous process, 24x7, which provides the measurements and the data is locally logged. The logged data is periodically transmitted through Telemetric GSM/GPRS modem which is built into the system.

5.2 VJNL has ordered for 3 Nos. Optical Type Flow meters, 6 nos. Non-contact Radar flow meters with Non-contact Radar water level transmitter, 1 No. Kanalis Transit Time flow meter and 1 Nos.ADCP which were kept ready for shipment.

5.3 All the flow meters are manufactured as per the order, arranged on a rack and were ready for dispatch. They were all accompanied by the Test certificates after tests in the factory test rig. The team of officers inspected the same.

5.4 Every component was checked for the serial numbers and the same were noted, the packaging was overseen.

5.5 Every flow meter is tested in the Factory test rig against a Standard Meter. The supplied Master meter(Aquaprofiler M-Pro 1 Nos) is also tested against the standard meter and shall be used in Yettinaholeproject site to cross verify every Installed flow meter across the streams. The test certificates will accompany the flow meters.

5.6 The instruments are having Velocity sensors of type Transit Time for the canal site after DC-4, and has Non-Contact Radars, Non-Contact Water Level Sensors and Optical type flow meters for the defined sites in the Yettinahole streams. The factory complies to the IS 9001:2008 standards of manufacturing and testing. These units are in ready to ship conditions, the serial numbers of the components were noted down and a copy is carried back by the Chief Engineer, VJNL, Yettinahole Project Zone. These instruments which are being received will be installed at sites and will be cross verified against the reference master flow meter (AquaProfiler M-Pro). The outcome of the factory visits and flow meter inspection is satisfactory and the equipments meet the required specifications as per agreement.

5.7 The equipments after inspection and noting down of the serial numbers, were packed and handed over to FreightforwarderDascher to be sent to Bengaluru Airport directly. The instruments were arranged in 3 pallets with complete packing list containing all the equipment as per the delivery and price schedule. All equipments have serial numbers and the total weight of 234 Kgs. All the components were checked against the specification list. The package was handed over to freight forwarder, who took delivery and sent it forward as air freight.

Inspection of Telemetry flow measuring devices in Hydrovision Lab, Kaufbeuren, Germany 7

5.8 All the sensors are connected and water sealed in this laboratory, as per the site conditions, the length of the special cable is decided and then the cable is connected, sealed and the connecting ends will be available inside the safe shed to be connected to the flow meter Transmitter. No external connectors will be used in VJNL.

Inspection of Telemetry flow measuring devices in Hydrovision Lab, Kaufbeuren, Germany

5.9 The Test rig, with a Standard Meter approved in the Hydrovision’s own GWF Lucerene Laboratory is used for testing, calibrating and certifying the flow meters. The Test rig with the standard meter is shown here. The Accredited laboratory certification is attached as Annexure.

5.10 Every flow meter is tested in the test rig against the Standard Meter. Each Successfully Tested flow meter has HydroVision Certificate of qualification for Packing. The supplied master meter, AquaProfiler M-Pro, ADCP(Acoustic Doppler 9

Flow Meter) by itself is certified and tested against the standard meter and shall be used in the field to cross verify every flow meter installation at Yettinahole streams. The test certificates will accompany the flow meters.

6. Visit to flow meter installation site on River Enz in Baden Wurttemberg District/ Black Forest Area / Calmbach / Neuenburg / Pforzheim on 2nd May 2018:

One can’t protect what you don't quantify and you can’t manage what you don't measure.

6.1 The Enz is a river flowing north from the Black Forest to the Neckar river in Baden-Württemberg. It is 106 km long. In earlier times the Enz was important for the timber rafting industry.

6.2 Its headstreams – the Little Enz (German: KleineEnz) and the Great Enz or Big Enz (GroßeEnz) – rise in the Northern Black Forest, the latter at Enzklösterle. In Calmbach, the Little Enz and the Big Enz join to form the Enz. The river passes through Neuenbürgand Pforzheim, where it leaves the Black Forest. It then flows through the cities of Vaihingen and Bietigheim-Bissingen. Along the lower course, wine is grown.

6.3 The team visited the River Enz at Calmbach near a road bridge wherein Ultrasonic Transit Time Telemetry system and ADCP are found installed and being monitored by the State Institute for Environment, Measurements & Conservations in Baden Wurttemberg District. The various Flow measurement stations in the Necker river basin. ENZ is a tributary of Necker basin(13,930 km²) which is marked in red circle. (source the state monitoring portal - http://www.hvz.lubw.baden-wuerttemberg.de/ )

Visit to Calmbach – River Enz in Baden Wurttemberg District of Germany wherein ADCP & Transit time flow meters are installed

nd Readings at the time of inspection (2 May 2018) are shown as above

Photo depicting River Enz and the regulatory gates for flood control of River ENZ

7. Visit to Munich City Drinking Water Supply Scheme on 3rd May 2018

7.1 SWM (StadtwerkeMünchen) - M-Wasser supply makes an enormous contribution to the standard of living in Munich. After being extracted from ground water, pure drinking water is transported to 1.4 million residential customers in Munich without any further processing or purification.

7.2 M-Wasser is not just high quality, it is also less expensive than drinking water in other German cities. M-Wasser mainly owes its outstanding quality to its origins. It is transported directly to Munich from the Alpine uplands and is fresh and pure without any additives. SWM M-Wasser has introduced additional measures to protect water supplies since 1992 which has since become a model for the whole of Germany. The locations of all water supply plants in the Mangfalltal valley have been given the status of designated water protection areas. Over 1,800 hectares of forest ensure a balanced hydrological regime in the drinking water supply catchment area.SWM also launched the “organic farmers” initiative in 1992, which promotes organic farming in the water supply catchment area of the Mangfalltal valley.

Tariff charged for 1m³ of drinking water is €1.53 (Rs.125.46)

7.3 The outstanding quality of drinking water enhances quality of life in cosmopolitan Munich. To meet the requirements of 1.4 million people in an environmentally responsible way, the city and SWM have developed three supply catchment areas over the years - the Mangfalltal valley, the Schotterebene and the Loisachtal region - which complement one another perfectly and provide Munich with some of the best drinking water in Europe from the alpine uplands. The water quality is extremely high. That,s why Munich citizens often do not buy mineral water because the water from tap has the same quality. In other words, In Munich, mineral water comes out of the taps.

Visit to Munich City Water Supply Scheme wherein raw water (i.e., potable does not require any treatment) is being supplied from Artisan wells which are recharged under glaciers of Alps (mountain series covered by glaciers)

7.4 We could see here a Water treatment plant that draws water from the spring- Artisan Well – and takes it through stilling tanks and then through a tunnel of 4.8 m diameter and runs for 2.7 kms, where a pipe of 2500 mm runs through the tunnel. The discharge is 2.5 m3/s (88 cusecs). Water flows by gravity from EL 651.5 to 614 for a length of 2.7 kms + 56.8 kms including surface flow and tunnel(piped) flow. The glaciers melt and continuously charge the ground water and the ground water is available at 0.4 to 0.5 meters below the surface. There are 6 tube (artisan) well that supply like the one mentioned here and supply drinking water Munich city with drinking water. All the pumps, valves, the stilling water tanks gates and diversions are controlled by continuous feeding of real time data of the flow measurements, pressure and gate positions. All of this is centralised and controlled from a centralised SCADA centre.

Stilling tanks for Munich City Drinking Water supply are shown in the picture. The groundwater from the Artisan well is not treated as it is tested of high quality, except for flowing through the 3 stilling tanks, nothing else is done here. Munich water is certified as the best quality drinking water in Germany and Europe. 14

Central Monitoring System and the SCADA control room of Munich

City Water Supply Scheme 7.5 All Flow meter readings are received from the remote flowmeters through Telemetry modems. The Flow, Pressure, Gate Position and Volume are continually monitored and by remote operation of Gates, the flow can be controlled.

Munich City Water Supply Scheme – L15 Section reveals the difference in level of about 37.50 m which is being harnessed for Eco power generation

C/S elevation of Artisan wells (source of water supply to Munich City)

Structure housing Artisan Well and pumping arrangements catering to

Munich City Water Supply

7.6 There are 6 No. of Artisan Wells. These Artisan wells require no pumping, except for pump testing of Groundwater well for yield and recharging rate process. The water flows on its own pressure and then by gravity through the pipeline.

8. Visit to GWF, verification and calibration department / lab at Luceren, Switzerland on 4th May 2018

8.1 MetHydroVison Team at Lucerne, Switzerland at their Factory GWF, which has state of the art production, precision machining Sensor production, clean room assembly, various Endurance tests, Environment tests and performance testing Laboratory are housed here. The Testing laboratory is Accredited to the Swiss Accreditation Service, certificate attached as Annexure.

8.2 GWF Switzerland, is accredited to ISO 9001:2015, ISO 14001:2015 und OHSAS 18001:2007. The GWF Verification & Calibration Department/LAB is accredited to ISO 17025:2005 and is a National laboratory for verification and Calibration, which most European companies use for calibrating their flow meters.

8.3 Mr. Kris Bold gave a presentation on Company profile and Telemetry. Further he elaborated on various methods of flow measurements in recent times. He also emphasized the importance of flow measurement which in turn would be of immense useful for billing and water tariff collection. He explained that 80% of tariff collection for drinking water supply across Switzerland is being monitored by GWF.

8.4 In turn MD VJNL gave presentation on Yettinahole Project emphasizing the need for a comprehensive Telemetry system for the project which envisage gauging the flows across all the 8 weirs which would help to know the yield availability, regulation of D/s commitments, assessing flow through raising mains/ flow in gravity canal/ drawals by various stakeholders like KUWSSB )for ULBs), RWSS (for rural habitations), BWSSB (for Bangalore City through Hesaraghatta& T.G Halli Reservoirs)/ flows in to Byragondlu Reservoir/ flows in different feeder canals like Madhugiri, Ramanagara, CB Pura & Kolar feeders etc.

8.5 Further MD in his presentation raised the issue of the life of these installations and the importance of pool proof maintenance mechanism for this comprehensive Telemetry so that the Telemetry installed shall have to sustain till the time the project exists. Need for training to develop in-house technically skilled persons has also been emphasized in the deliberations.

Presentation by Mr. Kris Bold, CEO, Gas18-Wassemesser -Fabrik (GWF)at Lucerne, Switzerland. In turn Secretary WRD emphasized the need to have exclusive man power to handle these instruments and user’s training

Presentation of Yettinahole Project by MD, VJNL at GWF, Lucerne, Switzerland wherein the current task of installation of Telemetry flow meters for the lift component of Yettinahole and the need for preparation of a comprehensive plan for Telemetry system for the project as a whole was appraised

8.6 The factory manufacturing facility and process was explained By Mr.Chris Bold. He also explained that the flow meters manufactured, tested and supplied from this facility include the Open channel or open surface flow meters using Transit Time and gated Doppler flow meters, apart from the Piped water flowmeters using the Transit Time principle.All flow meter products are tested for Lifetime endurance in chambers for variations in heat, pressure and humidity.

Visit to GWF, verification and calibration department / Lab at Luceren, Switzerland

8.7 GWF MessSysteme AG Stands for Gas Water Fabrication.HydroVisionGmbH, Kaufbeuren, Germany has now sold all Patents and Product design assets to GWF, Lucerne, Switzerland.

8.8 GWF is the market leader in Switzerland for measuring and collecting consumptiondata for water, heat and natural gas. GWF is an innovative Swiss company with over a century’s metering experience. GWF has evolved from a proven

20 measuring instrument manufacturer to a competent partner for measuring systems and metering data management with 180 employees.

8.9 A demand driven market needs reliable and rapid flow measurement and data transmission. The key is automated measuring data management as provided by GWF from the proven measuring instrument, through data communication, to the interface in the respective billing system. The data chain includes measuring, recording, storing, transmitting and analysing data. The intelligent GWFcoder® meter enables the rapid, automated reading of daily and hourly values in the water and gas sector.

8.10 Since the middle of the 90’s, GWF has developed modern data technology and therefore has been setting standards in measuring data acquisition. This has resulted in capturing a very big share in the market by providing flow meter and the system for Smart metering and billing along with analytics of the data.

8.11 GWF precision measuring instruments are combined with in-house developed and globally installed GWFcoder® technology in addition to advanced and reliable ICT(Information and Communication technology). This ensures intelligent smart metering system solutions for Smart Cities.

8.12 GWF Portfolio 2017

 702 gigawatt hours of electricity, 1893 Km of cables  130 gigawatt hours of heat, 20 Km pipelines  2048 gigawatt hours of natural gas, 404 Km pipelines  10.7 million m3 drinking water, 224 Km pipeline  1345 Km optical fiber

9. Visit to EWL, Luceren (Drinking Water Supply scheme to Luceren City) on 5th May 2018.

Visit to EWL – Luceren – Drinking Water Supply treatment plant 9.1 On 5th May 2018, we visited EWL – Luceren – Drinking Water Supply treatment plant.The Lucerne drinking water consists of the springs on the Pilatus (mountain)North Slope, the groundwater from the valley of the KleineEmme and the lake water of Lake Lucerne. It is cleaned and treated in various facilities until finally it is fed into the urban pipeline network. With a total length of more than 350 kilometers, this pipeline network forms the basis for providing all households in the city of Lucerne with the best drinking water.

9.2 The Lucerne drinking water is of excellent quality and comes entirely from the region. It is composed of around 50 percent Lake water, 32 percent groundwater and 18 percent spring water. The origin of the water defines its processing method. Since the different waters are different, for example, have already been pre-filtered by different degrees of nature, the requirements for their treatment differ.

9.2.1 Lake water (50%) is purified in three steps to drinking water  Ozone kills microorganisms and makes inorganic substances ineffective  Activated carbon and quartz sand filter out the deactivated substances  Chlorine prevents recontamination in the reservoir and in the pipeline network

9.2.2 Groundwater (32%) is purified a single treatment step is enough  A preventive treatment with UV disinfection is already sufficient. In addition to the natural cleaning processes during soil seepage, this is what makes outstanding groundwater protection possible.

9.2.3 Spring water (18%) is purified in the most elaborate preparationcoarse particles are filtered out  Ozone kills microorganisms and makes inorganic substances ineffective  The ceramic membrane filter removes all unwanted substances  An activated carbon filter degrades biologically active substances  The last step is UV disinfection Water price per m3 is (excl. VAT) 1.55 Swiss francs (Rs.105.91)

Drinking Water Supply Scheme-Luceren City Plan indicating the sources of water supply to Luceren City wherein the source site comprises of lake water, ground water & spring water 9.3 Summary –spring water treatment plant Sonnenberg

 Plant with a capacity of 30,000 m3 of drinking water per day  New reservoir with a capacity of 6000 m3  Use the hydraulic pressure for the hole treatment  Multi-barrier treatment  Second plant in Europe with ceramic membrane  No chemicals necessary for the treatment  Deep operating costs  Investment costs about 28 million Swiss Francs

10. Visit to River Aare sites (Meiringen, Interlaken and Old Bern) on 5th May 2018:

10.1 River Aare is a tributary of the High Rhine and the longest river that both rises and ends entirely within Switzerland. Its total length from its source to its junction with the Rhine comprises about 295 kilometres, during which distance it descends 23

1,565 m, draining an area of 17,779 km2, almost entirely within Switzerland, and accounting for close to half the area of the country, including all Central Switzerland. There are more than 40 hydroelectric plants along the course of the Aare River.

10.2 River Aare rises in the great Aargletschers (Aare Glaciers) of the Bernese Alps, in the canton of Bern and west of the Grimsel Pass.TheFinsteraargletscher and Lauteraargletscher come together to form the Unteraargletscher (Lower Aar Glacier), which is the main source of water for the Grimselsee (Lake of Grimsel). The Oberaargletscher (Upper Aar Glacier) feeds the Oberaarsee, which also flows into the Grimselsee. The Aare leaves the Grimselsee just to the east to the Grimsel Hospiz, below the Grimsel Pass, and then flows northwest through the Haslital, forming on the way the magnificent Handegg Waterfall, 46 m, past Guttannen.

10.3 Right after Innertkirchen, it is joined by its first major tributary, the Gamderwasser. Less than 1 kilometre later the river carves through a limestone ridge in the Aare Gorge (German: Aareschlucht). It is here that the Aare proves itself to be more than just a river, as it attracts thousands of tourists annually to the causeways

24 through the gorge.There is a flow meter installed in this gorge which we visited, as the river comes out of the Gorge and straightens.

Start of cliff where we could see Alps covered by glaciers

Censor of Radar surface velocity flow meter fixed on the top of River Aare that originates from Alps creeps through the Cliff made of limestone 25

Walk through the cliff from the exit side to start (where the flows from Alps enter)

River Aare after it creeps through the cliff exits in the form of a canal as shown in the photo above. Specialty of this river is that it carries railway line on its service road (R/s) the right 11. Visit to Brienzersee & Thunersee lakes connected by River Aare near Interlaken City 11.1 On 5th May 2018, we visited Interlaken city wherein the city is located between the lakes “Brienzersee” to the East and “Thunersee” to the West on the alluvial land, Alps on the South and another hill station on the North. The town taken its name from its geographical position between the lakes. The Aare River flows from one lake to the other, flows down further to Bern City passes through France and joins Mediterranean Sea. Inspected the Transit Time flow meter installed by Hydrovision Ltd., Germany on River Aare between the two lakes.

11.2 A little past Meiringen, near Brienz, the river expands into Lake Brienz. Near the west end of the lake it indirectly receives its first important tributary, the Lütschine, by the Lake of Brienz. It then runs across the swampy plain of the Bödeli (Swiss German for ground) between Interlaken and Unterseenbefore flowing into Lake Thun.After exiting the Brienzersee, before it enters lakeThunersee, a Flow meter is Installed, which we visited.

The Red Triangles are the various flow measurement Stations on River AARE, which measures the main flow, the inflow into the

river from tributaries and streams, lake inflows and outflows

The town Interlaken takes its name due to its geographical position between the lakes

11.2 Near the west end of Lake Thun, the river indirectly receives the waters of the Kander, which has just been joined by the Simme, by the Lake of Thun. Lake Thun marks the head of navigation.On flowing out of the lake it passes through Thun, and then flows through the city of Bern, passing beneath eighteen bridges and around the steeply-flanked peninsula on which the Old City of Berne is located. The river soon changes its northwesterly flow for a due westerly direction, but after receiving the Saane or La Sarine it turns north until it nears Aarberg. There, in one of the major Swiss engineering feats of the 19th century, the Jura water correction, the river, which had previously rendered the countryside north of Bern a swampland through frequent flooding, was diverted by the Aare-Hagneck Canal into the Lac de Bienne. From the upper end of the lake, at Nidau, the river issues through the Nidau- BürenCanal, also called the Aare Canal, and then runs east to Büren. The lake absorbs massive amounts of eroded gravel and snowmelt that the river brings from the Alps, and the former swamps have become fruitful plains: they are known as the "vegetable garden of Switzerland".

11.3 To monitor changes in the water levels and flows in Swiss rivers and lakes, the FOEN operates a large monitoring network. Cantonal measurements and current FOEN data provide the bases for evaluating the current state of Swiss rivers. The data are used for various planning activities, waterbody protection measures, water management, flood protection efforts and navigation.

The various Flow meter Stations and Real Time data are shown related to river Aare stretch as shown in the federal Office for the Environment (FOEN) portal which we had visited

Visit to Lake Brienzersee near Interlaken

On the way to flow meter installation site installed on River Aare connecting Brienzersee and Thunersee lakes

Site of Transit Time flow meter for River Aare near Interlaken Town (Switzerland)

12. Bern City on 6th May 2018

12.1 Bern, the capital city of Switzerland, is built around a crook in the Aare River. It traces its origins back to the 12th century, with medieval architecture preserved in the Altstadt (Old Town). The Swiss Parliament and diplomats meet in the Neo- Renaissance Bundeshaus (Federal Palace). The Französische Kirche (French Church) and the nearby medieval tower known as the Zytglogge both date to the 13th century. Not many cities have managed to retain their historic features quite as successfully as Bern, the capital of Switzerland. The old town of Bern is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and thanks to its 6 kilometres of arcades - the locals refer to them as 'Lauben' - boasts of the longest weather-sheltered shopping promenades in Europe. 12.2 We could see River Aare flowing through the heart of Bern City (Capital of Switzerland) wherein it flows through a defined canal kind of section having relieving weirs located on its right side at different elevations (weirs at different grades).

12.2 By and large, the gauging stations that were visited by the team are summed up and a statement indicating the same if furnished as under for favour of reference.

Stream/irrigation Sl. Gauge site (Nearby Canal/water Type of Authority No Location city/place) supply device who uses the data channel/storm water drain 1 Calmbach Calmbach River ENZ Transit Time State Institute for the – Kanails TT Environment, Measurements and Conservation in Baden-Württemberg (LUBW) 2 Calmbach Calmbach River ENZ Side Looking LUBW Doppler - Aquaprofiler 3 Neuenburg Neuenburg River ENZ Transit Time LUBW – Kanails TT 4 Neuenburg Neuenburg River ENZ Radar Type LUBW Flow Meter – Q EYE radar 5 Meiringen Aareschlucht, River AARE Radar Type MeiringenMuncipality Meiringen Flow Meter – and FOEN. Q EYE radar 6 Aare - Interlakken River AARE Transit Time Federal Office for the Ringgenberg, – Fluvis TT Environment FOEN - Goldswil Hydrological data and https://www.hydr forecasts odaten.admin.ch/ en/2457.html 7 Aare - Bern, Bern old city River AARE Transit Time Federal Office for the Schönau – Fluvis TT Environment FOEN - Hydrological data and https://www.hydr forecasts odaten.admin.ch/ en/2135.html 8 Munich Drinking Munich the Mangfalltal Electro Munich City Utility Water Supply - valley, the Magnetic Department SWM Schotterebene and Type Pipe StadtwerkeMünc the Loisachtal flow meters hen region for 900 mm and 2500 mm 9 Lucerne Drinking Lucerne Pilatus north slope, Electro Lucerne City Utility water supply - the groundwater Magnetic Department EWL Energie from the valley of Type Pipe Wasser Luzern KleineEmme and flow meters lake water of Lake for 300 mm Lucerne pipes.

13. Inference / Conclusion:

13.1.1 Every Citizen &every Engineer has to realize the importance of Water and its Source. Each and every drop of water has to be visualized with due emphasize and focus with regard to its usage. Reducing water usage or water loss is the main concept of conservation. One of the best mode of water conservation is to prevent leakage because a leak of just one drop of water per second would lead to wastage of 45,000 litres per year. This will be sufficient for one person’s needs for 15 months. In irrigation terminology, we say one cusec of water would irrigate 40 to 50 acres of paddy/ 60-70 acres of sugarcane/ 80-90 acres Bagayat (garden crops)/ 120-140 acres of semidry. Hence, water requires to be utilized very aptly. Water allocation, its distribution and its accounting shall have to view holistically which requires a comprehensive integrated measuring and accounting system. The current practice towards measuring the flow of water is by way of using current meters or by adopting any empirical formula like Manning’s formula which have their own limitations and constraints due to their dependence on so many variables, constants and empirical values.

13.1.2 Suppose if a Mechanical Engineer drives a car on a road, the speedometer attached therein depict the speed with which the car is moving in real time. But if a Civil Engineer drives or moves along the service road of a canal, it is very difficult to get the Real Time Discharge that is flowing across the canal instantaneously as currently he does not have a fool proof mechanism / equipment which immediately depicts the Real Time Discharge. This is what I started experiencing since my career beginning days (1987-1991) at Tungabhadra Left Bank Canal till this time.

13.1.3 While I was working as CE, Kembhavi, KBJNL during 2010-11, I visited Ultrasonic Flow Measuring Device installed in GLBC in Jamkhandi Taluk wherein I was given to understand that the Ultrasonic Flow Measuring Devices that are embedded in the canal bed would give depth of flow and Real Time Discharge which could be disseminated across cell phones and monitored through a central server in a control room. After 2-3 years subsequent to my visit, I got the feedback that owing to improper maintenance, the system is not working which may be attributable to the fact that just we are in the initial stages of adopting that Innovative Technology. Lapses of this sort can be rectified and improvised in due course with a trained in- house cell for proper maintenance and consistent vigil.

13.1.4 In fact during my tenure as MD, CNNL (2013-2015), I tried for installation of telemetry for the canal site at Y-Junction on the exit of Bagur-Navile tunnel on pilot basis wherein the canal bifurcates in to TBC and NBC after this junction. Estimates were got up, before it goes to tendering, awarding and implementation, I was transferred.

13.2 Telemetry, its background & how exactly it is being installed and monitored in European countries.

13.2.1 Telemetry, with reference to flow measurement in canals/pipes in irrigation or water supply systems, is an automated communication process by which discharge measurements and other data are collected at remote locations and transmitted to receiving equipment. The data so collected will provide real time information on discharge and other parameters like velocity, depth of flow etc. which will be useful not only in assessment of the performance of the system, but also in taking decisions by carrying out analysis of data.

13.2.2 The flow measurement is an essential component of any water management and forms a basis for sound irrigation or water supply management. In Europe, flow measurement has become an integral part of any water supply system, be it river, stream, canal or piped flow for irrigation or drinking water supply. Mainly two types of acoustic flow measurements have become popular, one is transit-time flow meter and another is Doppler type.

13.2.3 Transit Time flowmeter measures the time taken for an ultrasonic signal transmitted from one sensor in the canal on the upstream side to be received by a second sensor on the downstream side, sensors being situated on opposite banks of the canal. Upstream and downstream time measurements which is related to velocity of flow in the canal, are compared to arrive at the average velocity in the canal and the discharge. Flow measurement accuracy in canal is improved with multi- path transit time measurements at different levels of the canal, instead of single path.

13.2.4 Radar type flow meter measures flow by using the Doppler principle for determining the surface velocities by detecting Radar signals reflected from surface waves. By collecting the water level information using the sensor and knowing the channel section, the flow rate in the channel can be calculated accurately.

13.2.5 In many European countries like Germany, France, UK, Spain etc., the flow measurement and telemetry are widely used in the field of irrigation, wastewater and environmental management. These countries have found immense benefit in the application of telemetry system which mainly focuses on measuring, recording and data transmission to data centres for monitoring the discharge and water levels. The real time monitoring of irrigation supplies, domestic water supply system, the sewage system, drainage flows and storm water flows has helped the administration in identifying anomalies and take quick corrective action. These systems have proved to be cost effective and brought about improved efficiency.

13.2.6 Telemetry gives accurate measurement of discharge, capturing data in real time. It, therefore, finds application in (i) to work out water availability (ii) need based distribution to users & (iii) actual usage, be it irrigation or drinking, thus,

34 facilitating effective and transparent water management. This is evident in the extent of its usage found in the European countries visited.

13.3 Promotion of telemetry across the State on a larger scale

13.3.1 As of now, Gauging Divisions, Sub-divisions & Circles attached to Chief Engineer, WRDO are getting discharge data by gauging flows across rivers all through the State and accordingly, the data base is being monitored. Proper measuring, accounting, compiling of data base and sharing the information with the concerned Nigam is not happening properly. The Nigams need to bear the cost of monitoring of telemetry across the rivers falling in their jurisdiction. Duly pooling the funds from the Nigams, the concerned Investigation Circle of WRDO has to get the telemetry installed across the respective rivers and a proper in-house mechanism has to be framed and the data captured to that effect may be shared with the Government and Nigams. This will be of immense use for planning future projects and monitoring of completed projects (which are under maintenance).

14. Key recommendations

1. Considering the significance of automated flow measurement in any irrigation or water supply system, it is necessary to install flow meters and telemetry in all the major irrigation projects of the State. This will enable data collection on real time basis which can be used in irrigation management effectively towards preventing wastage of water and for improving the water use efficiency of the Project.

2. The telemetry system of flow measurement is the need of the hour. The present system of manual measurement and reporting of discharges in canals and rivers needs to be dispensed with in a phased manner by replacing it with telemetry system.

3. The advanced system of flow measurement using ultrasonic transit-time flow meters and Radar type flow meters depending upon their suitability may be implemented. It is also important to ensure the periodic calibration and long term operation and maintenance, preferably for a period of ten years from the suppliers.

4. The real time automated flow measurement in rivers at critical locations will be of immense use in flood forecasting, flood management & integrated reservoir management when two or more reservoirs are involved along the same river. Therefore, it is necessary that telemetry system of flow meters is installed in all the river systems of the State. The telemetry system of flow measurement in rivers both for the rivers within the State and inter State is to be installed and maintained by WRDO. The WRDO needs to be strengthened by more technical staff/offices for the purpose.

5. The telemetry system in all the projects is to be installed by the concerned Nigams (KNNL,KBJNL,CNNL& VJNL) who should send the data to WRDO on

real time basis for compilation and dissemination of information among the stakeholders.

6. As the data collection and analytics are of paramount importance for conservation of water, a separate wing of Engineers headed by a Superintending Engineer is to be formed under WRDO for monitoring. The Nigams should have a robust monitoring system at their Registered Offices for data acquisition and analytics. For this purpose, a dedicated technical wing headed by an Executive Engineer is to be formed for the purpose.

7. Once the telemetry system is installed in the project, the next step would be to plan and implement Canal Automation & SCADA (Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition). Equally, the maintenance of sophisticated instruments of this sort shall be given due emphasis so that the initial investment and enthusiasm imparted shall not go as a waste. The installations shall sustain and cater to the services for which it is intended.

8. As could be seen, currently in the inter-state river Cauvery (as a sample case), the river gauging is being done at common gauging station on the border of Karnataka &Tamilnadu at Biligundlu using current meters which is being monitored by CWC. At such strategic points, there is a need for reporting of real-time discharge using Telemetry system on hourly/daily basis so that the States and the Centre (GOI) can access the required information by having their Centralized Control Room in their State Headquarters having a common server. This mechanism will definitely cater to the sharing of flow data in a transparent and innovative manner and also will able to know whether the actual discharge that is being delivered at the border by the upper riparian state is as per the Tribunal order. Atleast now onwards, if any one state moots the proposal of this novel idea before the centre, then the centre may take a call on this agenda of taking forward the installation of Telemetry flow meters for river gauging in consultation with all the riparian states (Tamil Nadu, Kerala & Pondicherry) and it would be possible to avert erroneous communication of data and to obtain accurate real time flow data. On similar lines, the Telemetry flow meters can also be installed across “all other rivers within the State” so also the “Interstate Rivers”.

9. Capacity building of Engineers is essential for any programme to be effective. Capacity building of the Engineers in telemetry is to be taken up by deputing Engineers for training in reputed national and international laboratories and national and international site visits where telemetry systems are installed.

(K.Jaiprakash) Managing Director, VJNL., Bengaluru

Annexure The Certificate from the Swiss Accreditation Services granting the Accredited laboratory for GWF, where the flow meters of Hydrovision, GWF and all leading manufacturers are tested, and certified.