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QRP Notes and Definitions Page 1 Philosophy Practice QRSS
QRP notes and definitions Page 1 QRP operation From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia In amateur radio, QRP operation means transmitting at reduced power levels while aiming to maximize one's effective range while doing so. The term QRP derives from the standard Q code used in radio communications, where "QRP" and "QRP?" are used to request, "Reduce power", and ask "Should I reduce power?" respectively. The opposite of QRP is QRO, or high-power operation. Philosophy Most amateurs use approximately 100 watts on HF and 50 watts on VHF/UHF, but in some parts of the world, like the US, they can use up to 1500 watts. QRP enthusiasts contend that this is not always necessary, and doing so wastes power, increases the likelihood of causing interference to nearby televisions, radios, and telephones. A lot of Amateurs subscribe to the idea, use "the minimum power necessary to carry out the desired communications". The current record for a QRP connection is 1 µW for 1,650 miles on 10m. Practice There is not complete agreement on what constitutes QRP power. While most QRP enthusiasts agree that for CW, AM, FM, and data modes, the transmitter output power should be 5 watts (or less), the maximum output power for SSB (single sideband) is not always agreed upon. Some believe that the power should be no more than 10 watts peak envelope power (PEP), while others strongly hold that the power limit should be 5 watts. QRPers are known to use even less than five watts, sometimes operating with as little as 100 milliwatts or even less. -
Before the FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION Washington, DC 20580
Before the FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION Washington, DC 20580 In the Matter of ) ) Request for Public Comment on the ) P104503 Federal Trade Commission’s ) Implementation of the Children’s Online ) Privacy Protection Rule ) COMMENTS OF The Center for Digital Democracy, American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, American Academy of Pediatrics, Benton Foundation, Berkeley Media Studies Group, Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood, Center for Science in the Public Interest, Children Now, Consumer Action, Consumer Federation of America, Consumer Watchdog, Consumers Union, National Consumers League, Privacy Rights Clearinghouse, Public Health Institute, U.S. PIRG, and World Privacy Forum Of Counsel: Angela J. Campbell, Guilherme Roschke Pamela Hartka Institute for Public Representation James Kleier, Jr. Georgetown University Law Center Raquel Kellert 600 New Jersey Avenue, NW Andrew Lichtenberg Washington, DC 20001 Ari Meltzer (202) 662-9535 Georgetown Law Students Attorneys for CDD et al. June 30, 2010 SUMMARY The Center for Digital Democracy, American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, American Academy of Pediatrics, Benton Foundation, Berkeley Media Studies Group, Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood, Center for Science in the Public Interest, Children Now, Consumer Action, Consumer Federation of America, Consumer Watchdog, Consumers Union, National Consumers League, Privacy Rights Clearinghouse, Public Health Institute, U.S. PIRG, and World Privacy Forum are pleased that the FTC has begun a comprehensive review of its children’s privacy regulations. In general, the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) and the FTC rules implementing it have helped to protect the privacy and safety of children online. Recent developments in technology and marketing practices require that the COPPA rules be updated and clarified. -
Packet Radio
Amateurfunk-Kurs DH2MIC DARC-Ortsverband C01, Vaterstetten 13.11.05 PR 1 Packet Radio 1. Prinzip Packet Radio ist eine digitale Betriebsart, die rund 50 % aller Funkamateure betreiben. Sie ermöglicht, mit Hilfe eines Computers, der im einfachsten Fall ein ANSI-Terminal sein kann, mit anderen Funkamateuren zu kommunizieren. Die Verbindung kann direkt oder über Relais erfolgen, die Digipeater (Digitale Repeater) genannt werden. Dabei arbeiten im einfachsten Fall alle OMs und der Digipeater auf der gleichen QRG. Jede Station sendet ihre Daten paketweise. Da jeder TX nur für die Dauer der Aussendung eines oder mehrerer 'Packets' kurzzeitig 'on air' ist und dann auf die Quittierung seiner Aussendung wartet, können die unvermeidlichen Kollisionen sehr einfach durch Wiederholung eines nicht bestätigten Packets zugelassen werden. Das verwendete Protokoll heißt AX.25 und basiert auf dem leitungsgebundenen CCITT-Protokoll X.25. 2. Die Stationsausrüstung im Überblick Antenne Terminal- TNC PC Programm 70 cm Modem AX.25- Transceiver Prozessor Die prinzipielle Stationsausrüstung besteht aus folgenden fünf Hard- und Software-Kompo- nenten: • 70cm-Antenne eine vertikal polarisierte Antenne (ev. auch 2 m oder 23 cm) • Transceiver im einfachsten Fall ein Handfunkgerät • TNC Terminal Node Controller, ein Modem, das einen Mikroprozessor enthält, auf dem das AX.25-Protokoll läuft. Der TNC übernimmt auch die Modulation und Demodulation der Sende- und Empfangssignale • PC ein IBM- oder Macintosh-Rechner mit seriellem Port, über den die Daten im Kiss-Protokoll vom und zum TNC laufen • Terminal-Programm Software, mit der die empfangenen Daten dargestellt und die Tastatur-Eingaben aufbereitet werden. Amateurfunk-Kurs DH2MIC DARC-Ortsverband C01, Vaterstetten 13.11.05 PR 2 3. -
K-1 All-Wave Receiver Heathkit of the Month
HOM rev. new Heath of the Month #80 - K-1 All-Wave Receiver Heathkit of the Month #80: by Bob Eckweiler, AF6C AMATEUR RADIO - SWL The Heathkit K-1 Three-Tube All-Wave Beginner’s Receiver Some K-1 All-Wave Receiver History: The first piece of radio equipment using the Heathkit name is the K-1 “Three-Tube All- Wave Beginner’s Radio” (Figure 1). It was in- troduced in the March 1948 Heath Flyer (Figure 2) and soon after in ads in the April issue of Popular Mechanics and May issue of Radio News. Prior to that, Heath adver- tised in Radio News for three months (Jan- uary through March) an Amateur Transmit- ter with the Heathkit name (Figure 3). The model number is unknown, as is whether any Figure 2: The first Heathkit K-1 ad from the March 1948 were ever delivered. None have been found as Heath Flyer. Do you notice anything wrong with this ad? of yet, so it is not being considered as the first piece of Heathkit radio equipment. While the ad appeared in some magazines between January and March of 1948, this transmitter kit never appeared in a Heath flyer. Figure 3: The “Mystery” Heathkit Transmitter from Figure 1: The Heathkit K-1: 3-Tube All Wave Receiver March ad in Radio News. At 20 lbs. shipping weight shown with optional mahogany cabinet that became (less power supply) it must have had some serious iron available after January 1949 (Heath Co. photo) inside. Copyright 2008 - 2017, R. Eckweiler & OCARC, Inc. Page !1 of !8 HOM rev. -
Supplemental Information for an Amateur Radio Facility
COMMONWEALTH O F MASSACHUSETTS C I T Y O F NEWTON SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMA TION FOR AN AMATEUR RADIO FACILITY ACCOMPANYING APPLICA TION FOR A BUILDING PERMI T, U N D E R § 6 . 9 . 4 . B. (“EQUIPMENT OWNED AND OPERATED BY AN AMATEUR RADIO OPERAT OR LICENSED BY THE FCC”) P A R C E L I D # 820070001900 ZON E S R 2 SUBMITTED ON BEHALF OF: A LEX ANDER KOPP, MD 106 H A R TM A N ROAD N EWTON, MA 02459 C ELL TELEPHONE : 617.584.0833 E- MAIL : AKOPP @ DRKOPPMD. COM BY: FRED HOPENGARTEN, ESQ. SIX WILLARCH ROAD LINCOLN, MA 01773 781/259-0088; FAX 419/858-2421 E-MAIL: [email protected] M A R C H 13, 2020 APPLICATION FOR A BUILDING PERMIT SUBMITTED BY ALEXANDER KOPP, MD TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents .............................................................................................................................................. 2 Preamble ............................................................................................................................................................. 4 Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................................... 5 The Telecommunications Act of 1996 (47 USC § 332 et seq.) Does Not Apply ....................................... 5 The Station Antenna Structure Complies with Newton’s Zoning Ordinance .......................................... 6 Amateur Radio is Not a Commercial Use ............................................................................................... 6 Permitted by -
Dx Magazine 12/2003
12 - 2003 All times mentioned in this DX MAGAZINE are UTC - Alle Zeiten in diesem DX MAGAZINE sind UTC Staff of WORLDWIDE DX CLUB: PRESIDENT AND CHIEF EDITOR ..C WWDXC Headquarters, Michael Bethge, Postfach 12 14, D-61282 Bad Homburg, Germany B daytime +49-6102-2861, evening/weekend +49-6172-390918 F +49-6102-800999 E-Mail: [email protected] V Internet: http://www.wwdxc.de BROADCASTING NEWS EDITOR . C Dr. Jürgen Kubiak, Goltzstrasse 19, D-10781 Berlin, Germany E-Mail: [email protected] LOGBOOK EDITOR .............C Ashok Kumar Bose, Apt. #421, 3420 Morning Star Drive, Mississauga, ON, L4T 1X9, Canada V E-Mail: [email protected] QSL CORNER EDITOR ..........C Richard Lemke, 60 Butterfield Crescent, St. Albert, Alberta, T8N 2W7, Canada V E-Mail: [email protected] TOP NEWS EDITOR (Internet) ....C Wolfgang Büschel, Hoffeld, Sprollstrasse 87, D-70597 Stuttgart, Germany V E-Mail: [email protected] TREASURER & SECRETARY .....C Karin Bethge, Urseler Strasse 18, D-61348 Bad Homburg, Germany NEWCOMER SERVICE OF AGDX . C Hobby-Beratung, c/o AGDX, Postfach 12 14, D-61282 Bad Homburg, Germany (please enclose return postage) Each of the editors mentioned above is self-responsible for the contents of his composed column. Furthermore, we cannot be responsible for the contents of advertisements published in DX MAGAZINE. We have no fixed deadlines. Contributions may be sent either to WWDXC Headquarters or directly to our editors at any time. If you send your contributions to WWDXC Headquarters, please do not forget to write all contributions for the different sections on separate sheets of paper, so that we are able to distribute them to the competent section editors. -
Chapter 8 Propagation
General License Class 1 General Class Chapter 8 Propagation 2 1 The Ionosphere Regions • Ionosphere. • The ionosphere is a portion of the atmosphere that extends from about 30 miles to about 300 miles above the surface of the Earth. • The ionosphere reaches its highest altitude when the sun is directly overhead. • Solar radiation causes atoms in the ionosphere to become ionized. 3 The Ionosphere Regions • Ionosphere. • The ionosphere organizes itself into regions or “layers”. • The layers vary with the strength of the ionization. • The D-region disappears at night. • The F-region splits into F1 & F2 regions during the day. 4 2 The Ionosphere Regions • D-Layer. • 30-60 miles altitude. • Rapidly disappears at sunset. • Rapidly re-forms at sunrise. • Absorbs long wavelength radio waves. • 160m, 80m, & 40m. 5 The Ionosphere Regions • E-Layer. • 60-70 miles altitude. • One hop up to 1200 miles. • Similar to the D-layer. • The E-layer lasts longer into the night than the D-layer. • The E-layer has less absorption than the D-layer. 6 3 The Ionosphere Regions • E-Layer. • The E-layer is where the following types of propagation occur: • Auroral propagation. • Sporadic-E skip. • 10m, 6m, & 2m. • Meteor Scatter. 7 The Ionosphere Regions • F-Layer. • 100-300 miles altitude. • One-hop up to 2500 miles. • During periods of high sunspot activity, the F-layer can remain ionized all night. 8 4 The Ionosphere Regions • F-Layer. • The F-layer splits into the F1- layer & the F2-layer during the day. • F1-layer = 100-140 miles. • F2-layer = 200-300 miles. -
HOM Rev. New Heathkit of the Month #48 - HS-3860 Laptop Heathkit of the Month #48: Baud Modem
HOM rev. new Heathkit of the Month #48 - HS-3860 Laptop Heathkit of the Month #48: baud modem. The processor runs at a blazing by Bob Eckweiler, AF6C 12 MHz (with no wait states.) And NO I didn't get mega mixed up with giga! What is impres- sive is the factory catalog price: $5,249.00. If you didn't want to spend that much in the fall of 1989, you could get the less expensive non- modem HD-2860 (without the -M) for $4,999. If $5k+ meant little to you in the fall of 1989 you could add an additional one MB of RAM memory for a mere $799; just order the As- sembled ZA-3034-ME Memory upgrade - Another April Heathkit Article: [Heathkit] recommend[s] you install extra memory when first assembling your kit…. Introduction: It's April again and time to find another of the The Heathkit HS-3860 Laptop computer is more esoteric Heathkit models to write about shown in Figure 1. It is a kit equivalent of the in honor of April Fool's Day. Unfortunately, Zenith Turbosport 386. I have seen the com- two Aprils ago when I wrote on the Heathkit puter name also spelled TurbosPORT and Tur- GU-1810 Gasoline Powered Log Splitter, I boSport on various advertising and review arti- challenged my readers to name some of cles. The specifications for the HS-3860-M are the other Heathkits that run on gasoline; given in table I. One specification that seems nobody took up the challenge at all. So last confusing is the weight of the HS-3860-M lap- April I wrote on the Heathkit Candlestick (no top. -
Tech N9ne N9na Lp Free Download Mp3 Easy Way to Take and Get It Music Free Tech N9ne Mp3 Download
tech n9ne n9na lp free download mp3 easy way to take and get it music free Tech N9ne mp3 download. Disclaimer: All contents are copyrighted and owned by their respected owners. Mp3take is file search engine and does not host music files, no media files are indexed hosted cached or stored on our server, They are located on third party sites that are not obligated in anyway with our site, Mp3take is not responsible for third party website content. It is illegal for you to distribute or download copyrighted materials files without permission. The media files you download with Mp3take must be for time shifting, personal, private, non commercial use only and must remove the files after listening. if you have found a link url to an illegal music file, please send mail to: Tech n9ne n9na lp free download mp3. Completing the CAPTCHA proves you are a human and gives you temporary access to the web property. What can I do to prevent this in the future? If you are on a personal connection, like at home, you can run an anti-virus scan on your device to make sure it is not infected with malware. If you are at an office or shared network, you can ask the network administrator to run a scan across the network looking for misconfigured or infected devices. Another way to prevent getting this page in the future is to use Privacy Pass. You may need to download version 2.0 now from the Chrome Web Store. Cloudflare Ray ID: 67a3662aad24164b • Your IP : 188.246.226.140 • Performance & security by Cloudflare. -
Vhf-Uhf Digest E-Zine Version
The Worldwide TV-FM DX Association Serving the VHF-UHF Enthusiast VHF-UHF DIGEST E-ZINE VERSION MARCH 2002 The VHF-UHF Digest is the official publication of the Worldwide TV-FM DX Association dedicated to the observation and study of the propagation of long distance television and FM broadcasting signals at VHF and UHF. The WTFDA is governed by a board of directors: TOM BRYANT, GREG CONIGLIO, BRUCE HALL, DAVE JANOWIAK AND MIKE BUGAJ. WHEN IS YOUR MEMBERSHIP UP? CONTENTS In order to keep your VUD arriving at your Page Two home without interruption, look for your name Mailbox on this list. Your membership ends on the last FM News. ..Greg Coniglio day of the month shown. Renew early! TV News...Doug Smith Western TV DX...Victor Frank March Eastern TV DX…Matt Sittel Edward Cotton Aaron Mitterling Bill Draeb Gerard Hart Southern FM DX…John Zondlo Bill Dvorak Thomas Leu Photo News…Jeff Kruszka Pat Dyer Jim Pizzi TV Statistics…Fred Nordquist Carlon Howington Joseph Smith Jr Northern FM DX…Keith McGinnis Scott Steenhusen Richard Steinberger Satellite News…George Jensen Phil Sullivan Peter V. Taylor Mid-Latitude SpE Part III…Mike Hawk David Cox Allan Dunn CA Highway Patrol Freqs Frank Drobny Dave Nieman Sign-up/Renewal Form and addresses Ryan Grabow William Hepburn Paul Crego Luis Franceschi Joseph Kureth Jr. Alex Cruz This month we continue with Mike Hawk’s April article on Sporadic E. We also provide a list for Eric Fader John Hourigan those of you interested in 42mhz skip of CHP Dan Oetting William Thompson frequencies that includes each office’s ID Larry Weisberg James Ivil number. -
New Solar Research Yukon's CKRW Is 50 Uganda
December 2019 Volume 65 No. 7 . New solar research . Yukon’s CKRW is 50 . Uganda: African monitor . Cape Greco goes silent . Radio art sells for $52m . Overseas Russian radio . Oban, Sheigra DXpeditions Hon. President* Bernard Brown, 130 Ashland Road West, Sutton-in-Ashfield, Notts. NG17 2HS Secretary* Herman Boel, Papeveld 3, B-9320 Erembodegem (Aalst), Vlaanderen (Belgium) +32-476-524258 [email protected] Treasurer* Martin Hall, Glackin, 199 Clashmore, Lochinver, Lairg, Sutherland IV27 4JQ 01571-855360 [email protected] MWN General Steve Whitt, Landsvale, High Catton, Yorkshire YO41 1EH Editor* 01759-373704 [email protected] (editorial & stop press news) Membership Paul Crankshaw, 3 North Neuk, Troon, Ayrshire KA10 6TT Secretary 01292-316008 [email protected] (all changes of name or address) MWN Despatch Peter Wells, 9 Hadlow Way, Lancing, Sussex BN15 9DE 01903 851517 [email protected] (printing/ despatch enquiries) Publisher VACANCY [email protected] (all orders for club publications & CDs) MWN Contributing Editors (* = MWC Officer; all addresses are UK unless indicated) DX Loggings Martin Hall, Glackin, 199 Clashmore, Lochinver, Lairg, Sutherland IV27 4JQ 01571-855360 [email protected] Mailbag Herman Boel, Papeveld 3, B-9320 Erembodegem (Aalst), Vlaanderen (Belgium) +32-476-524258 [email protected] Home Front John Williams, 100 Gravel Lane, Hemel Hempstead, Herts HP1 1SB 01442-408567 [email protected] Eurolog John Williams, 100 Gravel Lane, Hemel Hempstead, Herts HP1 1SB World News Ton Timmerman, H. Heijermanspln 10, 2024 JJ Haarlem, The Netherlands [email protected] Beacons/Utility Desk VACANCY [email protected] Central American Tore Larsson, Frejagatan 14A, SE-521 43 Falköping, Sweden Desk +-46-515-13702 fax: 00-46-515-723519 [email protected] S. -
++++Notice: There Is No Klub Meeting This Month Due to Unavailability of a Meeting Room
The LED The newsletter of the Livingston Amateur Radio Klub (LARK) Howell, Michigan March 2020 ++++Notice: There is no Klub meeting this month due to unavailability of a meeting room Who 8 Darrell’s Spicy Bacon W8DSB Unfortunately, no Spicy Bacon this month, since as many of you may know, our fearless leader has been feeling a bit under the weather. We expect an inspiring missive next month. Part 97- Station Identification How often must I identify? And, just how am I to identify? Let's take a look... §97.119 Station identification. (a) Each amateur station, except a space station or telecommand station, must transmit its assigned call sign on its transmitting channel at the end of each communication, and at least every 10 minutes during a communication, for the purpose of clearly making the source of the transmissions from the station known to those receiving the transmissions. No station may transmit unidentified communications or signals, or transmit as the station call sign, any call sign not authorized to the station. (b) The call sign must be transmitted with an emission authorized for the transmitting channel in one of the following ways: (1) By a CW emission. When keyed by an automatic device used only for identification, the speed must not exceed 20 words per minute; (2) By a phone emission in the English language. Use of a phonetic alphabet as an aid for correct station identification is encouraged; (3) By a RTTY emission using a specified digital code when all or part of the communications are transmitted by a RTTY or data emission; (4) By an image emission conforming to the applicable transmission standards, either color or monochrome, of §73.682(a) of the FCC Rules when all or part of the communications are transmitted in the same image emission (c) One or more indicators may be included with the call sign.