++++Notice: There Is No Klub Meeting This Month Due to Unavailability of a Meeting Room

The LED

The newsletter of the Livingston Amateur Radio Klub (LARK) Howell, Michigan March 2020

++++Notice: There is no Klub meeting this month due to unavailability of a meeting room

Who 8 Darrell’s Spicy Bacon W8DSB

Unfortunately, no Spicy Bacon this month, since as many of you may know, our fearless leader has been feeling a bit under the weather. We expect an inspiring missive next month. Part 97- Station Identification

How often must I identify? And, just how am I to identify? Let's take a look...

§97.119 Station identification. (a) Each amateur station, except a space station or telecommand station, must transmit its assigned call sign on its transmitting channel at the end of each communication, and at least every 10 minutes during a communication, for the purpose of clearly making the source of the transmissions from the station known to those receiving the transmissions. No station may transmit unidentified communications or signals, or transmit as the station call sign, any call sign not authorized to the station. (b) The call sign must be transmitted with an emission authorized for the transmitting channel in one of the following ways: (1) By a CW emission. When keyed by an automatic device used only for identification, the speed must not exceed 20 words per minute; (2) By a phone emission in the English language. Use of a phonetic alphabet as an aid for correct station identification is encouraged; (3) By a RTTY emission using a specified digital code when all or part of the communications are transmitted by a RTTY or data emission; (4) By an image emission conforming to the applicable transmission standards, either color or monochrome, of §73.682(a) of the FCC Rules when all or part of the communications are transmitted in the same image emission (c) One or more indicators may be included with the call sign. Each indicator must be separated from the call sign by the slant mark (/) or by any suitable word that denotes the slant mark. If an indicator is self- assigned, it must be included before, after, or both before and after, the call sign. No self-assigned indicator may conflict with any other indicator specified by the FCC Rules or with any prefix assigned to another country. (d) When transmitting in conjunction with an event of special significance, a station may substitute for its assigned call sign a special event call sign as shown for that station for that period of time on the common data base coordinated, maintained and disseminated by the special event call sign data base coordinators. Additionally, the station must transmit its assigned call sign at least once per hour during such transmissions. (e) When the operator license class held by the control operator exceeds that of the station licensee, an indicator consisting of the call sign assigned to the control operator's station must be included after the call sign. (f) When the control operator is a person who is exercising the rights and privileges authorized by §97.9(b) of this part, an indicator must be included after the call sign as follows: (1) For a control operator who has requested a license modification from Novice Class to Technical Class: KT; (2) For a control operator who has requested a license modification from Novice or Technician to General Class: AG; (3) For a control operator who has requested a license modification from Novice, Technician, General, or Advanced Class to Amateur Extra Class: AE. (g) When the station is transmitting under the authority of §97.107 of this part, an indicator consisting of the appropriate letter-numeral designating the station location must be included before the call sign that was issued to the station by the country granting the license. For an amateur service license granted by the Government of Canada, however, the indicator must be included after the call sign. At least once during each intercommunication, the identification announcement must include the geographical location as nearly as possible by city and state, commonwealth or possession.

So, the first question to answer is: Am I a space station or a telecommand station? Probably you are not, but let's make sure. A space station is defined in Sec. 97.3 (a) (41) as “An amateur station located more than 50 km above the Earth's surface.” And a telecommand station is defined in Sec. 97.3 (a) (45) as “An amateur station that transmits communications to initiate, modify or terminate functions of a space station.” So, unless you are in orbit or acting as a controller of an orbiting station, you are going to have to conform to the requirements of Sec. 97.119 (a) which says you must identify ever 10 minutes in the course of a QSO and once at the end of the QSO. And, just how are you to identify? Well, you use your “assigned call sign” on your “transmitting channel”. And, of course, you are prohibited from signing the call sign of someone else. And, you must identify using an emission mode which is authorized for the transmitting channel you are using. You can use CW if it is an allowable emission mode where you are transmitting, and if you send by hand, you can use any speed you want. But if you are using an automatic device used only for identification, you are limited to 20 words per minute. If you identify in phone, you must use the English language, and using a phonetic alphabet is encouraged. If you are using RTTY to identify, you must use a “specified digital code” when all or part of the communication is RTTY or data emission. If you identify with an image emission “conforming to applicable transmission standards” in either color or monochrome, you must consult Sec. 73.682 (a) of the FCC rules when all or part of the communications are transmitted in the same image emission. I remember a heated argument among the old “Groucho Marx Net” a/k/a the “Midwest Information Net” on 3967.5 kHz, who always operated on phone, as to whether an operator could identify, using CW and an iambic keyer by hand, at a speed faster than 20 words per minute. The conclusion was that an operator can do so, and only the no coders who were using W8RJ's automatic CW identifiers (see http://www.romacsoftware.com/) were limited to 20 words per minute. The no coders generally broke that rule on a regular basis, but I must defer to those previously known as “Official Observers” as to any violations. The issue in simple terms is whether a station, talking on phone, could identify using CW. The answer is yes, since CW is a permitted emission in almost all frequency sub-bands, and there is no requirement that identification must be made using a particular emission type. Of course, on the CW only sub-bands, one could not identify using phone, since phone is not a permitted emission in those sub-bands. When identifying, a station can using a self-assigned “indicator” using a slant mark or using a word that denotes a slant mark. For example, someone could identify as “QRP” or “portable” or “mobile” or something else, as long as the self-assigned identifier isn't in conflict with another FCC rule or is not a prefix which is assigned to another country. So, KT8Y could not sign “KT8Y portable VP2E”, unless, of course, KT8Y was actually basking in that Caribbean paradise. And if he did so, it would have to be “VP2E portable KT8Y”, for reasons explained below. There are a few FCC “indicators”, which many of you may be familiar with, which must be used after passing an upgrade examination and before requested license modification is issued. For example, when a Technician class licensee successfully passes the Extra class exam, and requests an upgraded call sign, then he or she must use “/AE” when operating under Extra class privileges. Part 97 does by its terms authorize the use of “/POTA” or “/SOTA” or even “/BOZO”. I don't think using “/I AM AN IDIOT” is authorized by Sec. 97.119(c), since the rule speaks to a “word” not “words”. The rule does say that the indicator, if self assigned, can be used before, after, or both before and after the assigned call. I'll bet you didn't know that when operating under a special event callsign, the rule requires identification at least hourly of the station's assigned callsign. When you are operating as a guest operator at a friend's QTH and your privileges exceed your friend's privileges, you must sign your friend's callsign/your callsign. When an “alien” is operating in the USA under a reciprocal license, if the alien is a Canadian, the alien identifies with a USA identifier using a letter and number showing location AFTER his or her Canadian callsign. For all others, the USA identifier is sent BEFORE the home callsign. Same thing goes for USA operators using reciprocal licensing in a foreign country. The above QSL card for VP2E/KT8Y was not an operation under reciprocal licensing, but Anguilla required the geographic identifier BEFORE the operator's callsign. When I went back to Anguilla in 1993, I requested a “normal” callsign and was given VP2EST, hence the double calls on the QSL card. So, when using reciprocal licensing, VE3XXX when in the USA signs “VE3XXX/W8” if operating in West Virginia. And G5TTT signs “W4/G5TTT” if in Florida. Why the difference? I have no idea. Peruse Sec. 97.107, and you tell me. And, can G5TTT sign “K4/G5TTT” instead of “W4/G5TTT” when visiting Disneyworld? I think so. Why not? Keep in mind that Sec. 97.119(g) also requires--at least once during each intercommunication--a description of geographical location “as nearly as possible” of city and state, commonwealth or possession. I can't find the word “intercommunication” defined. Must mean a two way contact. ------Ham Radio History--Glenn Baxter, K1MAN

Those of you of a certain age may remember the first time you stumbled across a lengthy transmission on 20 meters, say, 14.275 Mhz, going on and on about an issue or series of issues, without any identification, and began wondering what on earth was going on. Well, it just might have been a transmission from the ham radio station of Glenn Baxter, K1MAN, of Belgrade Lakes, Maine, a colorful character who battled the FCC and others for many years.

Baxter died in 2017, and a QCWA obituary detailed that he was raised in Scarsdale, NY, but that he had spent his summers in Maine from the age of 9, and moved there in 1977, until his death from lymphoma cancer. He attended Northwestern University and graduated from the University of Rhode Island with a degree in industrial engineering. He became a licensed professional engineer in Maine and Illinois. But his true reputation as a ham radio operator centered around his “broadcasts” and his fights with the FCC.

Baxter certainly generated some intense opinions of himself, whether deserved or not (see, e.g., http://k1manthefool.blogspot.com/ and https://ve7kfm.com/k1man.html ). Whether the various events described in those webpages are true is unknown.

In 2004, the FCC issued a Notice of Apparent Liability For Forfeiture, as a result of the following:

I. INTRODUCTION 1. In this Notice of Apparent Liability for Forfeiture (``NAL''), pursuant to Section 503(b) of the Communications Act of 1934, as amended (the `Àct''),1we find Glenn A. Baxter, licensee of Amateur Radio Station K1MAN, apparently liable for a monetary forfeiture in the amount of twenty-one thousand dollars ($21,000). We conclude that Mr. Baxter apparently willfully and repeatedly interfered with ongoing communications of other stations in violation of Section 97.101(d) of the Commission's Rules (the ``Rules'') We further conclude that Mr. Baxter apparently willfully and repeatedly transmitted communications in which he had a pecuniary interest in violation of Section 97.113(a)(3) of the Rules. We find that Mr. Baxter apparently willfully and repeatedly failed to file requested information pursuant to an Enforcement Bureau (``Bureau'') directive. We further find that Mr. Baxter apparently willfully engaged in broadcasting in violation of 97.113(b) of the Rules3 and apparently willfully failed to exercise control of his station in violation of Section 97.105(a) of the Rules.4 II. BACKGROUND 2. Mr. Baxter has a license to operate an amateur radio station, call sign K1MAN. Mr. Baxter also is executive director of the American Amateur Radio Association (`ÀARA''), which has a website at www.K1MAN.com. Mr. Baxter uses his amateur station to advertise his website, which offers items for sale, including an annual newsletter published by ``Glenn Baxter, K1MAN'' for forty-five (45) dollars per year. The website also provides a schedule of K1MAN radio transmissions. 3. In response to numerous complaints of deliberate interference caused by transmissions from Mr. Baxter's Amateur station K1MAN to ongoing radio communications of other stations, including stations participating in the Salvation Army Team Emergency Radio Net, the Bureau issued a Warning Notice to Mr. Baxter on September 15, 2004. The Bureau requested information from Mr. Baxter with regard to the method of station control and what action, if any, was being taken in response to the complaints of interference.5 The Warning Notice also reminded Mr. Baxter that the Bureau previously warned him in a letter dated April 14, 2004 that enforcement action would be taken if he failed to correct the deliberate interference being caused by his station.6 The April 14, 2004 letter also cautioned Mr. Baxter that if he continued to use the station for pecuniary interest by advertising his website he could be subject to further enforcement action. 4. By letter dated October 14, 2004, Mr. Baxter responded to the September 15, 2004 Warning Notice stating ``[n]o corrective actions are necessary at K1MAN'' and ``[n]o changes are needed with regard to station control which is in full compliance with all FCC rules.'' Mr. Baxter's letter further stated that ``K1MAN is in full compliance with all FCC rules, state laws, and federal laws. I encourage you to take ènforcement actions' and look forward to seeing you in court (s).''7 Mr. Baxter's response did not provide the required information requested regarding station control. 5. The Bureau issued a second Warning Notice to Mr. Baxter on October 29, 2004.8 The Warning Notice explained that Mr. Baxter's response to the September 15, 2004, Warning Notice was insufficient and explained Mr. Baxter's obligations as a licensee to furnish the information requested by the Bureau. The Bureau provided Mr. Baxter an additional twenty days to provide the specific information requested. The Warning Notice also indicated that the Bureau had received two additional complaints of deliberate interference caused by Mr. Baxter's station. The Bureau requested information from Mr. Baxter regarding the identity of the control operator and method of station control for station K1MAN on the dates and times specified in the recently- received interference complaints. 6. Mr. Baxter responded by letter dated November 2, 2004, stating that ``[m]y letter to you dated 14 October 2004 in response to your letter to me dated 15 September 2004 provided all the information required by FCC rules and by federal law.''9 Mr. Baxter did not provide any information regarding the identity of the control operator or the method of station control. 7. On November 25, 2004, Commission personnel monitored Mr. Baxter's Amateur station on 14.275 MHz between 9:21 a.m. and 2:12 p.m. EST. During that time, Mr. Baxter's station transmitted numerous on-the-air references to his web page at www.K1MAN.com. On November 27, 2004, Mr. Baxter's Amateur station K1MAN began transmitting on top of ongoing communications at 5:54 p.m. EST on 3.890 MHz, disrupting the communications by the other licensees. 8. On November 30, 2004, agents from the FCC's Boston Office conducted an inspection of Mr. Baxter's Amateur station K1MAN. The method of station control appeared to be a telephone line connected to an interface board, which was connected to the transmitter. Mr. Baxter claimed that he monitored the station from a mobile receiver when not at the transmitter and that he could control the transmitter through a land- line or cellular phone. During the inspection, Mr. Baxter demonstrated that he could control the transmitter. 9. On December 1, 2004, on the frequencies 3.975 MHz and 14.275 MHz, Mr. Baxter's station K1MAN transmitted a pre- recorded program lasting nearly seventy minutes, which consisted of an interview by Mr. Baxter with Mr. Jeff Owens. During the broadcast, Mr. Baxter explained that Baxter Associates was a firm that engaged in ``management consulting, executive search and executive career management.'' The program consisted of a lengthy broadcast of the telephone interview with Mr. Owens. Mr. Baxter explained the fees involved, how Mr. Owens could invest in franchises of Baxter Associates, and how Mr. Baxter planned to market the franchises of Baxter Associates. Nothing in the program related to Amateur radio and no station call sign was given until the conclusion of the seventy-minute program. 10. On December 8, 2004, FCC agents found that Baxter's station K1MAN commenced transmitting at 7:10 p.m. EST on top of existing radio communications on 3.890 MHz. On December 19, 2004, from 5:44 p.m. to 6:30 p.m. EST, on frequency 3.975 MHz, Mr. Baxter's Amateur station K1MAN broadcast transmissions of an apparently defective pre- recorded audio tape, which resulted in the repeated transmission of a nine- word phrase, and segments thereof, without any intervention of a control operator and without the identification of the station's call sign. Mr. Baxter's Amateur station went off the air abruptly at 6:30 p.m. EST in mid-sentence. 11. On March 30, 2005, monitoring personnel observed station K1MAN advertising the www.K1MAN.com web site at approximately 7:19, 7:28, 7:33 and 8:05 P.M. EST on 3.890 MHz. On March 31, 2005, at 7:28 P.M. EST, monitoring personnel observed transmissions from station K1MAN begin on top of existing communications on 3.890 MHz. [See https://transition.fcc.gov/eb/FieldNotices/2003/DOC-259301A1.html] It is possible that K1MAN's practice of making endless transmissions may have resulted from his feeling that the ARRL was doing the same thing with its bulletins, and that “what's good for the goose is good for the gander”, so to speak. But he also suggested Constitutional arguments to support his practices. In response to the FCC “NAL”, Baxter wrote:

Reply dated 12 June 2005

Respondent Glenn A. Baxter, K1MAN, denies any apparent liability for forfeiture in the amount of $21,000 or any other violations of FCC rules, state law, or federal law.

Respondent has received three identical "NALs" in years past, and his vigorus attempts to appeal same to the full Commission have been repeatedly "deep sixed" and thus blocking respondent's rights to and desired access to the Washington D.C. Court of Appeals in the pursuit of due process of law as guaranteed by the United States Constitution.

The alleged daily intentional interference by K1MAN over the last eighteen years to other amateur radio communications by K1MAN's scheduled W1AW styled one way information bulletins is a criminal violation of Sections 333 and 501 of the 1934 Communications Act. The American Radio Relay League's intentional deletion of these previously printed Sections from their "FCC Rule Book" is also a criminal violation of the Act as well as John B. Johnston and William Riley Hollingsworth's actions and inactions that have encouraged and/or condoned intentional amateur radio interference to K1MAN information bulletins over the years. [from forums.QRZ.com] OK, Baxter's argument is a little dense, but to his stubborn credit, he never backed down, and the transmissions continued.

The FCC's tangle with Baxter continued over the years. In 2011, the FCC issued a six page Hearing Designation Order, sending Baxter's license renewal application to a hearing before an Adminstrative Law Judge due to various complaints. Trying to figure out the facts is difficult because of the assertions made not only on behalf of the FCC but also by Baxter, but Chief Judge John A. Woodcock, Jr., of the U.S. District Court for the District of Maine did a pretty detailed job in a 38 page Order on Motion for Summary Judgment dated January 10, 2012, in the case of United States v. Glenn A. Baxter, case no. 1:10-cv-00435-JAW. In a nutshell, after a couple of warning notices sent to Baxter in 2004, the FCC in 2005 issued a Notice of Apparent Liability to him, asserting that Baxter was liable for a monetary forteiture in the amount of $21,000, for willful and repeated violations of several FCC rules, including interference with communications, communications dealing with matters in which Baxter had a pecuniary interest, failure to file requested information, engaging in broadcasting and failure to exercise control of his station. Order, p. 16. The FCC then filed a Forfeiture Order in 2006. Id, p.17.

In the Order, Judge Woodcock explained that the Government in its Motion had reduced its request for forfeiture to the amount of $14,000, and then found that the remaining forfeiture amounts were reasonable, except for the assessment made for communications in which Baxter had a pecuniary interest, and said that assessment would have to proceed to trial since there was a genuine issue of material fact which needed to be resolved. Id, pp. 23- 38. The ruling, simply put, was that the Court found that Baxter owed $10,000. And as to the longstanding renewal application which was the subject of the Hearing Designation Order, in 2014, the FCC dismissed the application based on the so called “Red Light” rule:

“The Red Light Rule was adopted as part of the Federal Communication Commission's ongoing effort to implement the Debt Collection Improvement Act, which provides that the Commission check whether entities or individuals seeking licenses or other benefits from the FCC are delinquent in debt owed to the Commission. Anyone filing an application or seeking a benefit that is found to be delinquent in debt owed to the FCC and who fails to pay the debt in full or make other satisfactory arrangements in a timely manner will have their application dismissed. Because you have failed to resolve this matter timely, your application is hereby dismissed.”

FCC Notice of Dismissal, June 24, 2014, Call Sign K1MAN, file number 0002250244

The ARRL in its ARRL Letter of July 3, 2014, said that the dismissal was “without prejudice”, meaning that another application for renewal could have been filed, but that if that was the case, the FCC could again cite its “Red Light Rule”.

What happened after the dismissal of the renewal application is not known to your editor. The callsign K1MAN is now assigned to another person.

Whatever the reader's opinions about the allegations made against Baxter, he certainly was a colorful character who has become part of ham radio lore.

Upcoming Hamfests

March 14 ARRL Great Lakes Division Convention and Toledo Hamfest, Perrysburg, OH http://www.tmrahamradio.org April 11 Crossroads Hamfest, Kalamazoo, MI Sponsor: Southern Michigan Amateur Radio Society https://www.w8df.com April 19 3rd Annual Technology Expo, Madison Heights, MI Sponsor: GM Amateur Radio Club http://www.gmarc.org

Upcoming Contests

For a list of contests upcoming in March, go to http://www.arrl.org/files/file/Contest%20Corral/2020/March %202020%20Corral.pdf

Among March contests are:

March 7 ARRL International DX Contest, SSB. This is a BIG ONE, and one that new hams or those who just want to work some new countries will find a place. Work 10, 100 or 1,000 QSO's and improve your contesting techniques. March 14 QCWA QSO Party For those of you who are not familiar, the Quarter Century Wireless Association is comprised of hams licensed for over 25 years. Even if you are not a member, you can still enjoy the contest. March 15 North American Sprint, RTTY This contest is sponsored by the National Contest Journal, and is a four hour contest which means frenetic activity the entire time. March 28 CQWW WPX Contest, SSB This is another BIG ONE. Special prefixes are used throughout the world to score points. This is a DX contest, with a twist, since it is the prefix used which determines whether you are a particularly sought after contact.

State QSO parties in March include Oklahoma, Idaho, Wisconsin and Virginia. Details of all contests can be found at the link, above, which will give a link to each contest's full rules. DX News, Courtesy of DX-World.net

This week on HF 4S, SRI LANKA Peter, DC0KK is active until March 30 as 4S7KKG on HF using CW and digi. QSL via home call, direct or bureau, Club Log, LoTW. 5H, TANZANIA Charles, NK8O is once again active from Zinga as 5H3DX together with Fred N8AX as 5H3AX. Operation until March 21. QRV from 160 to 10 meter using CW and digi. While CW will be the primary mode, they may be found from time to time on FT8 and/or JS8-call. PSK-31 operation is also on the agenda. Operations will be ‘holiday style’ since there will be other goals and responsibilities for the trip. QSL via NK8O. 5Z, KENYA Scott, WA5A is once again active from Ruaka as 5Z4/call until late March. Operation on 40, 20, 17 and 10 meter. QSL via home call. 6W, SENEGAL Willy, 6W7/ON4AVT is once again active from Warang until end March. Operation on 60, 40, 20 and 10 meter with a focus on FT8 and FT4. QSL via home call. 9J, ZAMBIA Mario, IK1MYT is active from Lusaka as 9J2MYT until May. Activity on 80, 40, 20, 15 and 10 meter using SSB. QSL via IZ3KVD, Club Log OQRS. 9X, RWANDA Harold, DF2WO will once again be operating as 9X2AW from Kigali between March 4 and March 22. Operation from 160 to 10 meter using CW, SSB and digi. C5, THE GAMBIA Andre, ON7YK is active from Bijilo until March as C5YK. Operation from 60 to 10 meter using FT8 with some SSB and CW. QSL via home call, LoTW. http://www.on7yk.eu/ C6, THE BAHAMAS Mike, DF8AN is operating as C6AAN. QRV until March. Operation on HF using CW and RTTY. QSL via home call. CP, BOLIVIA Rudi, DK7PE is active as CP6/call from Santa Cruz until March 6. Operation with a focus on the low bands using CW. QSL via home call, direct or bureau. EA8, CANARY ISL Erich, HB9FIH is operating as EA8/call from El Hierro until end March. Operation on HF using CW, SSB and digi. QSL via home call bureau and LoTW. http://hb9fih.org/ FG, GUADELOUPE Jean-Pierre, F6ITD is active as TO7D until mid- March as FG/call. Activity on HF using SSB and digi. QSL via home call. FG, GUADELOUPE Gildas F6HMQ and Michel F6GWV are once again operating as FG/calls until March 8. Activity on HF with an entry in the ARRL DX SSB contest as TO3Z. FR, REUNION ISLAND Look for DL7DF and team as TO7DL between March 4 and March 16. Operation with 3 stations from 160 to 10 meter using CW, SSB and digi. 60 meter will also be activated. FR, REUNION ISLAND Roland, F8EN is operating as FR/call until March 19. Activity on HF using CW only. QSL via F6AJA, direct or bureau, logsearch on http://lesnouvellesdx.fr/voirlogs.php H4, SOLOMON ISLANDS Bernard, DL2GAC is once again active as H44MS until April 20. QRV from his countryside QTH on Malaita Island. Operation from 80 to 6 meter using SSB only. QSL via home call, direct or bureau. HK, COLOMBIA Lothar, DK8LRF is operating as HK3JCL until end April from Finca Ligia. QSL via home call, direct or bureau. HP, PANAMA A team with HP1DAV, HP3AK, G4BVY, G4CLA and GD4XUM will be operating as H33K from March 2 until March 13. Activity field-day style from 160 to 10 meter using CW, FT8 and SSB. An entry in the ARRL DX contest (March 7-8) is included. QSL via HP1DAV direct only, LoTW. HR, HONDURAS Gerard, F2JD is once again operating as HR5/call until April 4. QRV from 160 to 6 meter using CW, SSB and digi. QSL via F6AJA direct or bureau. J6, ST LUCIA Bill K9HZ, Dan W0CN and Kyle WA4PGM are operating as J68HZ and J68CN on HF using CW and FT8. QRV until March 16. An entry in the ARRL SSB Contest is included as J68HZ. QSL for J68HZ via K9HZ direct or LoTW, J68CN via W0CN direct, LoTW. J6, ST LUCIA Steven, NY3B will be QRV as J68SS from March 4 until March 11. An entry in the ARRL DX SSB contest is included. QSL via LoTW. PJ4, BONAIRE Look for PJ4/K5KG between March 2 and March 9 using mainly CW. An entry in the ARRL DX SSB contest is included as PJ4G. QSL for PJ4G via WA2NHA, homecall via LoTW. PJ4, BONAIRE Phil, N2HX will be QRV as PJ4/call between March 1 and March 15. An entry in the ARRL SSB DX contest is included (March 7-8). Outside the contest QRV using SSB, RTTY and FT8. QSL via home call. PJ7, SINT MAARTEN Tom AA9A will once again be operating as PJ7AA between February 29 and March 28. Operation from 80 to 10 meter using CW, FT8 and SSB. QSL via Club Log OQRS, LoTW or direct via home call. T32, EAST KIRIBATI Ken, KH6QJ will again be QRV as T32AZ from Crystal Lodge. Activity between March 4 and March 11 on 80, 40, 20 and 15 meter using CW and SSB. QSL via home call. VK9N, NORFOLK ISLAND Janusz, SP9FIH is QRV as VK9NK until April 12. Activity from 160 to 10 meter using CW, SSB and digi. QSL via home call. VP5, TURKS & CAICOS Look for K4QPL, K4BAI, N9NB and WU4V as VP5M from March 3 until March 12. An entry in the ARRL DX SSB contest (March 7-8) is included. Outside the contest activity as VP5/calls. QSL for VP5M goes to K4QPL. VP8, SOUTH ORKNEY The Perseverance DX Group is operating from South Orkney Islands as VP8PJ, currently Club Log #16 most wanted. Activity until March 5. A team of experienced DX and Contest operators is QRV from Signy Island for up to 15 days. Seven operating positions are planned for 160-10 meters, SSB/CW/Digital. The team includes: Dave K3EL, Les W2LK, Steve W1SRD, Ricardo PY2PT, Gene K5GS, Arliss W7XU, Heye DJ9RR, Ken NG2H, Hans-Peter HB9BXE, Alan VK6CQ, Laci HA0NAR, Mike WA6O, Vadym UT6UD, Walt N6XG and Rob N7QT. https://sorkney.com/ Operation frequencies are: CW 1826.5 3523 7010 10105 14023 18069 21023 24891 28023 SSB 3790 7090 - 14185 18130 21285 24955 28485 RTTY - - 7045 10142 14080 18105 21080 24910 28080 FT8 1836 3567 7056 10131 14090 18095 21091 24911 28091 Special QSX instructions for Japan: 160m CW QSX down 2, 160m FT8 QSX 1908, 80m SSB QSX 3795-3805 kHz. VP8PJ will always operate FT8 Fox & Hound mode, except or 60m (5357 kHz, normal mode). Any station located in Africa or Oceania may call regardless of the region the expedition is currently calling for. YJ, VANUATU Continuing their Pacific journey, look for Will AA4NC and Ron AA4VK to be active from Vanuatu as YJ0NC during March 3-6. QRV on HF bands. QSL via EA5GL. YN, NICARAGUA John KB8RJ and Christina WD8KUR are active as YN5J and YN5CS from San Juan del Sur until March 18. Operation in ‘holiday-style’ from 40 to 10 meter. ZF, CAYMAN ISLANDS Joel, NF3R will be QRV as ZF2RJ from March 3 until March 10. An entry in the ARRL DX SSB contest (March 7-8) is included. QSL via LoTW. Coming up soon 3B9, RODRIGUES ISLAND David, F8AAN will be operating as 3B9/call or as 3B9AN between March 9 and March 18. Operation from 160 to 15 meter using CW. QSL via home call, Club Log. 3W, VIETNAM Sven, HB9DXB will once again be active as XV9DXB starting from March 10. QSL via EB7DX. 8P, BARBADOS Richard, G3RWL will be QRV as 8P6DR from March 8 until April 9. Activity from 80 to 10 meter using CW with some RTTY. QSL via home call direct or bureau, Club Log OQRS and LoTW. 8Q, MALDIVES Noel, F6BGC will be operating as 8Q7NC from Veligandu Island between March 12 and March 21. Activity in ‘holiday- style’ on HF using CW, SSB and data. https://www.qrz.com/db/8Q7NC 9J, ZAMBIA The Z2LA and 7P8LB team are planning a next trip from March 5 until March 15. Look for the team as 9J2LA. They will focus on CW and FT8 for the low bands and CW, SSB and FT8 for the higher bands. QSL via M0OXO. http://9j2la.com/ EX, KYRGYZSTAN Yuri R2DY, Pavel R2DX and Eugeni RW3FB will be operating as EX0QR between March 6 and March 17. Operation from 160 to 10 meter using CW, SSB and digi. QSL via R2DX, Club Log OQRS. FM, MARTINIQUE Al, F5VHJ will be QRV as TO5A during the ARRL DX SSB contest (March 7-8). QSL via LoTW, OQRS. GJ, JERSEY Hans DK8RE, Wolf DL1CC and Wies SP1EG will be active as MH0ESP from March 7 until March 16. QSL via SP1EG. PY0F, FERNANDO DE NORONHA Stephano will be active as PY0F during the ARRL DX SSB Contest (March 7-8). QSL via PY7RP. V2, ANTIGUA Flavio, IW2NEF will be operating as V26FP between March 6-13. Operation from 40 to 10 meter using SSB and FT8. QSL via IK2DUW, LoTW. YI, IRAQ Giorgio IU5HWS informs DX-World that he will be in Iraq for 4- 5 months starting in March 2020. He’s going there with the Italian Army Airborne Brigade. QRV on 40-20-10m. Giorgio will update his YI/IU5HWS page on QRZ.com with more details later. ZF, CAYMAN ISLANDS Look for K6AM, K6JO and N6WIN as ZF1A during the ARRL DX SSB Contest (March 7-8). QSL via K6AM. ______

Skywarn - Spotter Program

DATE CHANGE

Wednesday, April 22, 2020 6:00PM-7:30PM

Hamburg Twp FD, Station 11, SE corner of Pettysville Rd. and M-36

See you there! Bruce Pollock, N8WWX, EC/RO Ham Radio Archives

Shack of Cliff Harvey, W1RF, from the Whitney Web, http://www.dickwhitney.net/dbwW1NEP.html

Unidentified Canadian ham radio operator, from City of Vancouver Archives, circa 1940's,https://searcharchives.vancouver.ca/ham-radio-operator circa 1930 RCA ad

Field Day, 1939, from Hamfesters Radio Club, Crestwood,IL https://www.hamfesters.org/main/picture-gallery/vintage-hamfesters-photos - archive/field-day-1939/

Klub Breakfasts

As most of the Klub members are aware, a stalwart group of early risers meets at the Americus Grill on Grand River Avenue in Brighton on most Saturday mornings. Of course, all hams are invited to this weekly event, and visitors are welcome. A number of hams will “open the doors” at 7:00 a.m. Coffee is then consumed in large quantities until breakfast is served at about 8:15 a.m. and the show is over at 9 or even 9:30 a.m. The waitresses who are assigned to the Klub members go out of their way to arrange the Klub table well in advance, and keep a constant eye out for new arrivals and those who are running low in their coffee cups. They do an outstanding job.

And, we are pleased to report the reappearance of George Stokes, KE8GTA, at breakfast, using a cane temporarily. He looks good! Glad to have him back.

LARK Financials Will be published in next month's LED.

Next Klub Meetings

The next Klub meetings will be Wednesday, April 8, 2020, and May 13, 2020, at the Livingston County EMS, located at 1911 Tooley Rd, Howell, MI 48855, at 7:30 PM. Members and friends are welcome. Klub meetings typically are held on the second Wednesday of each month at this location. Informal gathering of the troops occurs sometime around 7:00 PM, for show and tell, sharing of technical information and general gossip. Please participate in the 50/50 drawing and prize drawing, which are held at the conclusion of the meeting. Tickets to be purchased from a Klub officer as soon as she/he arrives and sets up. A special mystery person will select the winning tickets.

The 50/50 drawing needs some beefing up, so to speak, so let's open those wallets a bit more. LARK Two Meter Net The LARK two meter net is held on Thursday evenings at 8:00 PM on the Klub's two meter repeater, 146.68 Mhz (negative offset, 162.2 hz CTCSS).

Michigan ARRL Representatives Dale Williams WA8EFK, Great Lakes Division Director Thomas Delaney W8WTD, Great Lakes Division Vice Director Jim Kvochick K8JK, Michigan Section Manager

Livingston Amateur Radio Klub P.O. Box 283 Howell, Mi 48844 www.W8LRK.org Klub Call: W8LRK The LARK is an ARRL Affiliated Club

Board Members of the LARK Darrell Black W8DSB President Mark Bennett K8ACM Vice President Stacy Black N8NYK Treasurer Tim Crane WM8A Secretary Reece Albright KB0KSU Director (Member at Large) Jason Biehl W8JMB Technical Director Terry Neuendorf KE8GXK Program Director LED Editor Tom Auth, KT8Y [all otherwise unattributed articles in the LED are the work of the Editor]