Power Waveforming: Wireless Power Transfer Beyond Time Reversal
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOL. 64, NO. 22, NOVEMBER 15, 2016 5819 Power Waveforming: Wireless Power Transfer Beyond Time Reversal Meng-Lin Ku, Member, IEEE, Yi Han, Hung-Quoc Lai, Member, IEEE, Yan Chen, Senior Member, IEEE,andK.J.RayLiu, Fellow, IEEE Abstract—This paper explores the idea of time-reversal (TR) services [1]. In particular, such an embarrassment is unavoid- technology in wireless power transfer to propose a new wireless able when wireless devices are untethered to a power grid and power transfer paradigm termed power waveforming (PW), where can only be supplied by batteries with limited capacity [2]. In a transmitter engages in delivering wireless power to an intended order to prolong the network lifetime, one immediate solution receiver by fully utilizing all the available multipaths that serve is to frequently replace batteries before the battery is exhausted, as virtual antennas. Two power transfer-oriented waveforms, en- ergy waveform and single-tone waveform, are proposed for PW but unfortunately, this strategy is inconvenient, costly and dan- power transfer systems, both of which are no longer TR in essence. gerous for some emerging wireless applications, e.g., sensor The former is designed to maximize the received power, while the networks in monitoring toxic substance. latter is a low-complexity alternative with small or even no perfor- Recently, energy harvesting has attracted a lot of attention in mance degradation. We theoretically analyze the power transfer realizing self-sustainable wireless communications with perpet- gain of the proposed power transfer system over the direct trans- ual power supplies [3], [4]. Being equipped with a rechargeable mission scheme, which can achieve about 6 dB gain, under various battery, a wireless device is solely powered by the scavenged en- channel power delay profiles and show that the PW is an ideal ergy from the natural environment such as solar, wind, motion, paradigm for wireless power transfer because of its inherent abil- vibration and radio waves.
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