VOLUM~ 20 NO. 7
JULY, 1957 ('C) MULTI-PROCESS,, dual wall ~ '" were Los Angeles by RALPH'S GROCERY in
,
Chills, Too! Puts the " Heat" on Dairy Processing,
processing requirements . In capacities from Grocery is known for high your exact Out in California R alph's CP Multi-Process T anks a re avail standards Ralph's 200 to 1000 gallons, quality standards. To maintain these r h eating; or for chilled for their able for steam, vapor, hot wate urally selected CP stainless steel equipment n at water or refrigerated cooling. ing plant. dairy process r your processing needs, be assured you can are primarily used for pas Whateve Their Multi-Process T anks easy-to-maintai• stainless steel . However, due to the rely on easy-to-clean, teurizing cream and buttermilk CP tanks g ive you more they could CP Multi-Process T a nks. flexibility of the CP engineered equipment, ts ... because each one erations usa ble capacity w ith far fewer uni as easily switch from continuous batch op just can do so many jobs so well. to intermittent runs of other dairy by-products. t , pasteurize, mix, hold CP Multi-Process T anks hea with your minimum of Talk your processing tank needs over and cool speedily, effi ciently a nd wit h a to suit CP Representative-or write for bulletins. manual effort. Each installation can be tailored
e • Chicago Branches: Atlanta • Boston • Buffalo • Charlott Mo. • Los Angeles T HE ~ Dallas • Denver • Hou ston • Kansas City, York • O maha Memphis • Minneapolis • Nashvill e • New N_ -__ -._ ffi_r ___ .__ Salt Lak e City • Son Philadelphia • Portland, Ore. • St. Louis • le • Toledo • Waterloo, Iowa I p~ -'\:!/ Francisco • Seatt . ·THE M4RK OF .N IN MFG. COMPANY -~- -DtSTINCTIO OF CANADA, LT D. DAIRY PROCESSING CREAMERY PACKAGE MFG. CO. EQUIPMENT General and Export Offices: 267 King Street, West, Toronto 2B, Ontario Ill. 1243 W. Washington Blvd., Chicago 7,
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· ' ' Copyright Copyright 1 956, 956, Johnson Johnson & & Johnson , , C h icago icago
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FILTER FILTER PRbDUCTS PRbDUCTS DIVISION DIVISION
the the Rapid-Flo Rapid-Flo Check-Up Check-Up for for Mastitis Mastitis and and Sediment. Sediment.
mending mending frequent frequent use use of of Rapid-Flo Rapid-Flo Fibre-Bonded Fibre-Bonded Filter Filter Disks-and Disks-and
You You can can help help producers , , processers processers and and the the consumer consumer by by recom
Filter Filter Disks Disks as as an an aid aid to to quality quality milk milk production. production.
and and more more profit profit minded minded producers producers use use Rapid-Flo Rapid-Flo Fibre-Bonded Fibre-Bonded
Check-Up Check-Up points points the the way way to to improved improved milk milk quality. quality. That 's 's why why more more
vealing vealing evidence evidence of of mastitis mastitis and and sources sources of of sediment, sediment, the the Rapid - Flo Flo
Quality Quality dairy dairy products products begin begin with with clean clean milk milk on on the the farm. farm. By By re
farm farm proven proven to to provide provide the the safest safest filter filter disk disk possible . .
there there is is no no c ompromise ompromise in in Rapid-Flo Rapid-Flo quality- la boratory boratory tested tested and and
provide provide a a r eliable eliable Rapid-Flo Rapid-Flo Chec k -Up -Up f or or mastitis mastitis and and sediment. sediment. And And
Rapid-Flo Rapid-Flo Fibre-Bonded Fibre-Bonded Mil F k ilter s s are are car ef ully ully e ngineered ngineered to to
helps helps milk milk quality quality ......
How How RAPID-FLO RAPID-FLO engineered engineered quality quality
for for quality quality
no no substitute substitute
There There is is r .
Non-Corrosive PENNSAN .... a Ne¥~ PENNSALT Concept in Bulk Tank Sanitizers
Here's a bulk tank sanitizer with nine intensive years ported hy quality control tests conducted by an of research and fi eld testing behind it. Pennsan, independent laboratory serving the dairy industry in Pennsalt's new non-corrosive sanitizer, is a light amber a five-state area. liquid with orthophosphoric acid and an anionic wet Contents are stated on the label. According to the ting agent as the active ingredients. It is considered to manufacturer, Pennsan* should be used one ounce to concept in this field, offering superior benefits be a new one gallon of water. This use solution has a pH of 2.1 over other types of products on the market today. and contains 2 15 p.p.m. anionic wetting agent. The bactericidal properties of Pennsan have been A test kit is available for determining the parts per established by the company's Whitemarsh Laboratories million of the sanitizing agent in the use solution of with the widely-used and accepted Weber-Black tech Pennsan. The solution should be discarded when test nique. The tests show faster kill on specified organisms, indicates available sanitizer i s 100 p.p.m. or less. in every case, than required by the revised Appendix F, U.S.P.H.S. Ordinance and Code. It is e qually An authority in the fi eld of preventive medicine has effective on psychrophilic bacteria. Further proof of already reported that a use solution of Pennsan highly effective sanitizing power has been shown in imparts only slight and temporary ih·itation of the rigid field tests under actual dairy farm conditions by a cornea wh en tested in the eyes of rabbits. The effect well known university and Quality Control Laboratory. is compared to that of soap. It has further been established by Whitemarsh Labo *A trade-mark of Pennsalt Chemicals Corporation. ratories that Pennsan do es not attack stainless steel. ... These findings have been confirmed by manufacturers of bulk tanks and dairy equipment. Pennsan also retains its bactericidal effectiveness even after drying on stainless ~tee l for as long as 24 hours. 0 Additionally, Pennsan is particularly effective in hard Penn salt water, as well as cold water; and due to the low pH of use solutions, the costly problems of films and milk Chemicals stone caused by hard water salts are eliminated. Pennsan is especially recommended for sanitizing bulk tank trucks. It is equally effective on farm tanks and Complete literature on the new Pennsan is available fr om the utensils, and all dairy and food plant equipment after manufacturer. Write to· B-K Department 478, Pennsalt thorough cleaning. These recommendations are sup- Chemicals, 3 Penn Center, Philadelph ia 2, Pa.
An advertisement printed as a service to dairy scientists by the Pennsalt Chemicals Corporation, 3 Penn Center, Philadelp hia 2, Pa.
II OFFICERS President, PAUL CoRAsH New York City, New York P1·esident-Elect, HAROLD B. RoBINSON Washington, D. C. Fi1·st Vice-President, FRANKLIN W. BAR MILK and FOOD BER, Oakdale, Long Island. Second Vice-President, WILLIAM V. Hic KEY, Salt Lake City, Utah. Secretary-Treasm·er, H. H . WILKOWSK.E Gainesville, Florida TECHNOLOGY Executive Board INCLUDING MILK AND FOOD SANITATION PAuL CoRAsH Official Publication HAROLD B. RoBINSON FRANKLIN BARBER International Association of Milk and Food Sanitarians, Inc. ,. \ Editors Page DR. J. C. ~LSON, ]R., Associate Editor. Dept. Dairy Husbandry, University The Effect of Various Pipeline of Minn., St. Paul 1, Minn. Milking Conditions on the H. L. THOMASSON, Executive Secretary Acid Degree and Flavor Score of Milk. and Managing Editor, Box 437, Shelbyville, Indiana. Patricia Mac Lead, E. 0. Anderson, Leonard R. Dowd, Arnold C. Sm-ith, and Lynn R. Glaziet· ...... 185 Committees of IAMFS, Inc. for 1957 ...... 189 Associate Editors C. A. ABELE ...... Cllicago, Ill. M. P. BAKER ...... Ames, Iowa 3-A Sanitary Standards for F. W . BARBER ...... Oakdale, N. Y. Milk and Milk Products F. C. BASELT ...... New York, N. Y. L. A. BLACK ...... Cincinatti, Ohio Evaporators and Vacuum Pans ...... 194 F. A. CLARK ...... Auburn, Ala. F . W. FABIAN ...... East Lansing, Mich. C. R. FELLERS ...... Amherst, Mass. Bacterioogical Conditions of Water J. C. FLAKE ...... Chicago, Ill. Supplies in Dairy Plants L. G. HARMON .... East Lansing, Mich. R. W. HART ...... Kansas City, Mo. L. G. Harmon ...... 196 M. D. HowLETT .... Los Angeles, Calif. ,. C. A. HuNTER ...... Topeka, Kansas C. K. JoHNs ...... Ottawa, Canada Dating of Pasteurized Milk As A 0.· W . KAUFMANN .. East Lansing, Mich. Public Health Measure. C. G. LEONARD .. Colwnbia, So. Carolina VV. S. MUELLER ...... Amherst, Mass. Harold B. Robinson ...... 200 K. G. WECK.EL ...... Madison, W i.s. C. H. WILsTER ...... Corvallis, Ore. Affiliates of IAMFS, Inc ...... 204 The Journal of M'ilk and F ood Technology (nlclud ing Milk a nd Food Sanitation) is issued monthly beginning with January number. E ach val ume comprises 12 num· News and Events ...... 205 bers . Published b y the International Associa tion of n ~rilk and Food Sanitarians, Inc. with executive offices of the Association: lllue Ridge Rd., P. 0. Box 437, Shelby ville, Index to Advertisers ...... '...... VII J.nd. Entered a s second clas·s ma tter at the Post Office at Shelbyville, Ind., M a rch 1952, under the Act of l'viarch 3, 1879. EDITORIA L OFFICES': ]. C. Olson, Jr., Business Matters: Correspondence rega rd of the Associa tion, P. 0. Box 437, Shelby_ As sociate Editor, D e pt. Dairy Husbandry ing bus iness matters , advertising, subscrip ville, Ind. U nivers ity of :Minn., St. Paul, Minn. ; H . ti ons, orders for s ingle copies, etc., should he L: addressed to H. L. Thomasson (address Membership Dues: M'embership in the In Thomasson, n~Ianaging Editor, P. 0. Box ternational Association of Milk and Food 437, Shelbyville, Ind. a bove) . Sanitarians, Inc., is $5.00 per year, which in- Manuscripts: Corre s po~1 de nc e regarding man· Subscription Rates: One volume per yea r eludes a::.nual subscription to the Journal of uscripts and other reading ma terial should Indi vidual non-members, Governmental and Milk and Food Technology, (including Milk be addre-s sed to J. C. Olson, Jr., Associate Commercia l Organization subscription, and Food Sanitation). All corres pondence _;Edito_r, Dept. Dairy Husbandry, University 1 y r ...... $6.00 regarding membership, remittances for dues, ·'o f Mtnn., St. Paul, Mtnn. Public a nd Educational fai'Jure to receive copies of the Journal, Libraries, I yr...... $4.00 ch anges of address and other such matters " Instructions to Contributors" can be ob· Single Copies ...... $1.00 ·s hould be addressed1 to the E xecutive Secre- ta ined from the Editor for the use of con- Orders for Reprints: All orders for re· tar y of the Association. H . L . Thomasson. tributors of papers. pr ints should be sent to the executive office Box 437, Shelby v ille, Indiana. CoPYRIGHT, 1957 INTERNATIONAL AssociATION OF MILK AND FooD SANITARIANS, INc:. III ~ Laboratory Tested and Controlled ) TO DO A BETTER SANITIZING JOB Guarantees POTENC.Y .·UNIFORMITY QUALITY keep milk fresh SADITIZIRG to the last AGERT In the Dairy Industry, more than in :my ot~er industry, the importance of using only the best in sanitizing methods drop cannot be over-emphasized. In RocCAL the original quatemary ammonium germicide, the dairy industry is offered a product that is laboratory controll ed • From dairy to consumer these mod and tested. The unifon11 quality of RoccAL means uniformly ern, practical closures completely seal good results in doing a proper sanitizing job. , the bottle mouth. On the capping line, RoccAL is a powerful germicide. In recommended dilutions, it and during delivery, hands never touch is non-poisonous, non-irritating to the skin, virtually odorless the pouring lip. and tasteless . In the home, this cleanliness and sure In the dairy, RoccAL oan be used protection continues. Seal-Hood and USES IN for every sanitizing job. For tank DAIRY INDUSTRY trucks, weigh tanks, pasteurizers, Seal-Kap closures.snap tightly back on To Sanitize: separators, bottle filling and cap milk at the peak MACHINES after each use, keeping •MILKING ping machines, to keep walls and of freshness and purity until the bottle •TEAT CUP S. •COOLING TANKS floors sanitary. is empty. And because both cap and •TANK TRUCKS Try RoccAL for just one week and seal are combined in one unit, users •MILK CANS watch your bacteria counts go far easier handling than with •WEIGH TANKS down . . . down ... down! enjoy • PASTEURIZERS ordinary caps. •SEPARATORS Capping with Seal-Hood and Seal •BOTTLE FILLING SEE YOUR Kap is a single operation process. Nat MACHINES· and AS HAND LOCAL DAIRY urally, dairymen benefit from sizable and TEAT WASH savings in milk loss, time and mainte SUPPLY DEALER nance costs ... because no separate hooder is needed. Offices in a~· c1t1es throprincipalughout s~ ' AMERICAN SEAL-KAP CORP. the United States INC. Subsidiary of Sterling Drug Inc. 11-05 44th Drive 1450 3ro:trl w:ly. \"'~> w Vnr\· 1 . N . Y. Long Island City 1, N.Y. FORTIFY YOUR MILK WITH DELTAXIN (R) THE PUR EST KNOWN FORM Qf V!Tf,.M.IN D g. IV Pioneer Pioneer Prod u cers cers of of a a Comp lete lete line line o f f V itami n n Concent r a tes tes for for th e e Dai r y y Industry Industry Harrison, Harrison, N.J. N.J. • • R i chmond , , Calif. Calif. of of D A iv isi o n n NOPC O O CHEMICAL CHEMICAL COMPA NY NY VITEX VITEX LABORATORIES LABORATORIES Vitex Vitex Provides Provides Assurance Assurance concentro concentro te . . • • A A rec or d d is is kept kept of of the the distribution distribution of of every every con con of of Vitex Vitex vitamin vitamin assa y y reports reports available available to to all all sanitarians. sanitarians. • • Every Every lot lot of of V itex itex vitamin vitamin concen tr ate ate is is certified certified for for its its potency potency by by it it i s s r el eased eased for for distribution. distribution. cally cally and and spectrophotometricolly spectrophotometricolly to to assure assure i ts ts claimed claimed potency potency before before biologically biologically and and every every lot lot containing containing vitamin vitamin A A is is tested tested both both chemi • • Every Every lot lot of of Vitex Vitex vitami n n concentrate concentrate co n tain ing ing v itamin itamin D D is is tested tested i d entified entified by by a a permanent permanent code code i d entificatio n . . • • Ev e r y y con con of of processed processed conned conned Vitex Vitex vitamin vitamin concentrate concentrate for for milk milk i s s identi fied . . and and retes ted ted for for potency potency before before they they are are used; used; every every lot lot is is code code • • All All vitamin vitamin ingredients ingredients used used in in Vitex Vitex vitamin vitamin concen trates trates ore ore tested tested tested tested for for purity purity before before they they ore ore used. used. , . . • • All All vi tamin tamin ingredient s s used used in in Vitex Vitex vitamin vitamin concentrates concentrates for for milk milk ore ore Vitex Vitex Laboratories Laboratories Provides Provides This This Assurance Assurance 100 100 or or more more c opies , , 35 35 cents cents ea ch ch Singl e e cop Pri ce i es : : , , 50 50 ce nt e s a c h ; ; 25-100 25-100 c o pies, pies, 45 45 ce nt s s eac h ; ; I nterna tion a l l A ssoc iation iation of of Milk Milk and and Food Food Sanit a ri ans, ans, Inc ., ., Bo x x 437 , , Shelbyville , , In diana diana COPIES COPIES OBTA INABLE INABLE FROM FROM SANITARIANS, SANITARIANS, INC. INC. INTERNATIONAL INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ASSOCIATION OF OF MILK MILK AND AND FOOD FOOD by by Recommended Recommended 9ooJbo"tne 9ooJbo"tne ~iJeaJe ~iJeaJe o/ o/ Uhe Uhe JnveJtigatton JnveJtigatton Procedure Procedure /or /or (.., :------B- B- L___ _ STANDARD MET HODS * MILK PLATING MEDIA , for total counts ·' ~-:,-#jih . i gar A' BBL #298 Plate Count A I (M-PH Medium) tJtmtJe!zd~ for coliform counts To o ur host o f custom ers a nd BBL # 114 Desoxycholate f riends we so y "tha nk you" for the business and goo dwi ll which Lactose Agar has contributed so richly to o ur growth and the expansion of Folder #298 Sent on Request ':' 1Oth ed . Standard Methods - Dairy Products BALTIMORE BIOLOGICAL K LENZADE LABORATORY, INC. ·' A Div ision of Becton, Dickinson & Co. ANNIV ERSARY HIGHLIGHTS BALTIMORE 18, MD. SURE you're noJ buying ADDED WATER? H you are not SURE you buy undiluted MILK, Z-S PRA Y UNITS SPRAY ARMS KLEN this advertisement should interest you. f or sto rage Ian k s . Th e Job-engineered f or au I o tests have been made by pan and evapo Many careful spot most practical o~d per-fect ma·lion . ly en_gineered cleaning r a tor cleaning. Pan re plants buying large. quantities of mf lk system yet de ve I a pe d . mains inoperative through Many tests showed surprising amounts of added Custom-designed for each o ut cleaning cycle thus water in tank milk- from 1 o/o to 5o/a . indivi.dual i nstallation. An , savin.g operator's time and o u Is Ion d'i n g Klenzade eliminating " burn-on" o f Added water lowers your quality-cuts your net " first." cleaning so lutio n. profit directly. If you are not SURE, to find out is quite easy- information on the CIP CLEANING Send for detailed for cleaning b ulk pick-up Re-Circulating unit f or FI SKE MILK CRYOSCOPE cleaning high temperature to l' k s. Does a thorough equipment ond other and results of tests made -cleani ng jo b in o nly min- cleaned-in-place op e ro by dairies. lions with automatic tem utes per tonk. Complete perature ~onlr o l. Portable Ask today for our "Water ly automatic or, wilh~ul solution lank with pump and conveni-ent conn e c ~ Survey" plan. No obliga· pro gram ti mer, for manual lions. Also available for tion. Considerable earn· control. permanent installation. ings. Write. CHEMICALS" f7iiL2_ .llDWJNCED ~ JNSTRUMENTS.INC. PRODUCTS, INC 27 Oakcrest Road SEI.OIT, WISCONSIN Needham 92 Massachusetts of of the the Punjab, Punjab, Lahore , , Pakistan . . The The pump pump could could be be operated operated either either cont i nuousiy nuousiy or or lPresent lPresent address: address: Coll ege ege of of Animal Animal Husbandry, Husbandry, University University pump pump from from the the receiver receiver into into a a portable portable bulk bulk farm farm tank tank Th e e milk milk was was pumped pumped by by means means of of a a diaphram diaphram morning morning milking milking of of February February 1956, 1956, 2 , , was was sub j ec t ed ed to to connec t ing ing with with a a milk milk receiver. receiver. o f f · • · · J anuary anuary 2 0 , , 1956 , , and and continuing continuing through through t he he '' '' 72 72 inches inches to to establish establish norma l l pipeline pipeline l eve l l pr i or or t o o t t consecu t ive ive days days beg i nning nning w it h h t he he evening evening m il k i ng ng nses nses of of 24 24 inches, inches, 36 36 inches, inches, 48 48 inches 60 60 , , inches , , and and The The milk milk from from morning morning an d d evening evening milking milking · of of 12 12 and and 96 96 inches inches which which in in turn turn were were followed followed by by vertica l l ! ! · ' ' cal cal drops drops of of 48 48 inches, inches, 60 60 inches 72 72 , , inches, inches, 84 84 inches , , I I EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE PROCEDURE ing ing a a vertical vertical pip e e rise rise of of 24 24 inches inches fo ll owed owed by by verti sing l e e ver ti ca l l risers. risers. They They were were accomplished accomplished by by ad d ( ( 36 ° ° to to 38 ° ° F.) F.) for for 24, 24, 48, 48, and and 72 72 hours. hours. height height these these elevations elevations could could not not be be ob t a i ned ned by by us i ng ng progressive l y y rancid . . when when h e ld ld under under refrigeration refrigeration 96 96 inches inches were were installed. installed. Because Because of of limited limited ceiling ceiling t he he milk milk sub j ec t ed ed to to the the above above treatmen t s s became became Risers Risers 48 48 of of inch es, es, 60 60 inches. inches. 72 72 inches, inches, 84 84 inches, inches, and and ve l opment opment of of hydrolytic hydrolytic rancidity, rancidity, and and (c) (c) whether whether t l 1at 1at risers risers could could be be added added or or removed removed as as desi r ed. ed. of of r i sers sers i mposed mposed on on the the p ipeline ipeline increased increased the the de da i ry ry barn. barn. The The pipeline pipeline installation installation was was so so arranged arranged m i lk lk t o o b ecome ecome rancid, rancid, (b) (b) whe t her her vary i ng ng heights heights p r oximate l 120 120 y y feet feet was was installed installed in in the the Univers it y y p u mping mping of of mi lk lk conh·ibuted conh·ibuted to to the the t endency endency of of the the To To effect effect th e e various various ris e l r eve ls , , a a pipeline pipeline of of ap to to establish : : (a) (a) whether whether intermi t tent tent or or continuous continuous treatments . . u n dei t aken aken a t t he he Universi t y y of of Connecticu t t in in order order six six differ e nt nt riser riser heights heights and and two two diff e rent rent pumping pumping T h e e presen t t paper paper repor t s s the the resu lt s s of of a a study study I I espec i a ll p y r omo t e d d th e e deve l opment opment of of ranc i di t y. y. . . p i peline peline mi lk er er t o o be be one one of of the the components components tha t t Univ e rsity rsity of of Conn ec ti c ut ut since since 1947 1947 . . centrifugal centrifugal p u mp." mp." They They a l so so found found risers risers within within the the fachlrin g g S ec tion tion of of th e e D epa rtm en t t o f f Animal Animal Industries , , t he he milk milk line , , and and continuous continuous opera t ion ion of of a a starved starved in in 1956. 1956. Sh e e h as as b ee n n a n n lnstm c tor tor th e e Dairy Dairy Manu in in Ph.D. Ph.D. d e gre e e in in ba c t e riolo gy gy at at th e e Unive r sity sity of of Connectic ut ut f: lt er er an d d nume r ous ous fittings fittings in in the the vacu u m-sec ti on on of of l ogy ogy from from th e e University University of of New New Hampshire Hampshire 193 9 , a , nd nd th e e in in vac u um um wi t h h ai r r bu bb li ng ng thr ough ough it, it, incl u sion sion of of a a Saskatch e wan wan in in 1928, 1928, r e c eive d d th e e 1. S . . d egree egree bacterio in in l ow ow milk milk flow-rate, flow-rate, e l evation evation of of warm warm mi l k k under under Patricia Patricia fa cLeocl cLeocl was was gra du ated ated from from the the U n ive r sity sity of of induced induced rancidity rancidity are are admission admission of of air air t o o the the mi l k k line, line, "some "some ( ( 2) 2) of of the the more more tt·oub l esome esome conditions conditions causing causing Accord i ng ng t o o t he he stud i es es of of Ke ll ey ey and and Dunk l ey ey l l I' I' fa r m m tanks tanks ! ! .. · .. f f (2). (2). . . ' ' conditions conditions preva ili ng ng in in some some pipeline pipeline milkers milkers and and changes changes in in t empera t ure ure ( ( agi 3), 3), t a t ion ion ( ( and and 4), 4), certain certain various various treatments treatments such such as as homogeniza ti on on ( ( 7) , , many many instances instances ( ( u n l ess ess 1 1 ) ) the the mil i k s s su b jec t ed ed t o o ever, ever, it it is is b e li eve d d th a t t th ese ese a r e e i nac t ive ive in in a a grea t t ing ing li p o l ytic ytic is is ~nzymes ~nzymes now now an an accep t ed ed fac t ; ; how That That a a large large number number of of cows cows produce produce milk milk contain of of 1.5 1.5 or or l e ss ss wer e e consist e nt l y y judged judged to to b e e free free from from rancid rancid flavor . . int e rmittent rmittent pumping pumping treatm e nts . . Milk Milk e xhibiting xhibiting acid acid de gr e e e valu e s s risers risers and and with with continuous continuous pump i ng ng as as compared compared with with no no ris e r s s and and acid acid deg r e v e alu e s s and and poor e r r flavor flavor scores scores were were associat ed ed w ith ith h e ights ights and and pumping pumping treatm e nts nts show e d d that that s ignifi c antly antly hi g h er er ra ncid ncid fla v o r r scores scores o f f pip e line line milk milk subj e ct e d d to to var i ous ous ris e r r S · toti s ticol ticol analyses analyses of of acid acid degree degree valu e s s ( Thomas Thomas e t t o i.J i.J and and (Received (Received for for publication publication Janu a ry ry 12 , , 1 9 57) 57) University University of of Conn ec ticttt , , StoTr s, s, Conn e cticu t t D e paTtm e nt nt of of Animal Animal I ndust1 · ies, ies, Storr s s Ag-ricultwral Ag-ricultwral Exp e r i mental mental Stati on , , 0 . . E. E. PATRICIA PATRICIA R R MAcLEOD, MAcLEOD, AR Down " " , , C. C. ANDERSON\ ANDERSON\ S :r..rrTII, :r..rrTII, LEONARD LEONARD OLD OLD R. R. A.J.'ID A.J.'ID LYNN LYNN GLAZIER GLAZIER O N N THE THE AC I D D DEGREE DEGREE AND AND FLAVOR FLAVOR SCORE SCORE OF OF MILK MILK T HE HE EFFECT EFFECT OF OF V ARIOUS ARIOUS PIPELINE PIPELINE MllK~NG MllK~NG CONDITIONS CONDITIONS 185 185 186 PIPELINE MILKING CONDITIONS could be controlled by an electronic liquid level control in the pipeline: (a) before riser, (b) between the which maintained a constant head of milk on the riser and the pump, and (c) after the riser and the pump, just before going into the bulk tank. The sam- pump. !· The air intake for the pipeline was regulated by a ples were immediately cooled to 45 ° F. and then stored standard controller and the vacuum in the line was under refrigeration at 36° to 38 ° F. for 24, 48, and 72 maintained at 12Jf inches. hours. At the end of each storage period the samples During the experimental period all 20 cows involved were laboratory pasteurized at 160° F. for 10 minutes, in the experiment were fed the same ration which con given code numbers, and sent to the DeLavallabora sisted of grass silage, grain and alfalfa hay. Four tory at Poughkeepsie, New York, for acid degree milking units were used and the time required for determinations made by the r:pethod described by milking was about 35 minutes. Thomas et al. ( 6). At the same time coded samples The various riser treatments ( 0 inches, 48 inches, were presented in random order to a panel of three 60 inches, 72 inches, 84 inches, and 96 inches were judges who scored them for rancid flavor. Each judge randomly assigned by days during the experimental scored the milk on the following basis: 0 = no rancid period, the milk from two morning and two evening flavor, 1 = slightly rancid, and 2 = definitely rancid. milkings being subjected to each of the six riser treat The acid degree data were subjected to statistical ments. The experiment was so arranged that each analyses; however, because of the preponderance of of the above sets of evening and morning milks were zero values, the flavor score values (total for 'three exposed to continuous and intermittent pumping treat judges) were transformed into the square root of the , ments. The evening milk of one day was pumped by total score plus 0.5 before being statistically analyzed . · the intermittent set up, and the following morning's t 5). milk was subjected to continuous pumping. In the second set of evening and morning milks the pump RESULTS AND DISCUSSION treatments were reversed. Drip samples of milk were taken at three places The analysis of variance of the acid degree values TABLE 1 - AvERAGE Acm DEGREE VALUES A• D ToTAL FLAVOR ScoRE 3 ( jUDGES FOR 2 SAMPLES) OF :tvfiLK THEATEO BY lNTEH- ).fiTTENT A D CONTINUOUS PUl\-lPING, VAHIOUS LEVELS OF RISERS AND HELD FOR 1, 2, AND 3 DAYS AT 36°TO 38° F. ---- _____ , _____ Ri ser I cla y 2 clay s 3 cla ys le vel :\ verage Total f lavor Aver'lge T ota l :\,·era'ge T otal Pumping in :1cicl degrees score for 2 ac irl clegrl:'es flavor score ac id deg rees fl a ,·o r ::core inches ~sa mpl es samples 2 samples 2 s a mp le ~ 2 sa mples 2 samples ·------0 1.33 0 1.50 0 1.71 2 48 1.70 1 2.05 5 2.21 3 ft·tennittent 60 1.84 2 2.02 0 2.07 2 72 1.96 4 2.10 5 2.40 7 84 1.96 4 2.09 6 2.34 5 96 1.92 2 2.32 3 2.02 5 Overall average 1.78 2.2 2.01 3.2 2.12 4.0 0 1.47 0 1.59 0 1.62 0 48 2.28 2 2.56 7 2.99 8 Constant 60 2.08 2 2.22 4 2.39 6 72 2.10 2 2.42 7 2.60 11 ·-~-~ .· 84 2.36 4 2.65 5 2. 90 8 96 2.00 4 2.13 7 2.04 6 Overall 2.05 2.3 2.26 5.0 2.42 6.7 average The The samples samples subjected subjected to to rancid rancid ris e r r treatment flavor flavor by by , , not not one one ex- of of the the three three panel panel members, members, were were 1.58 1.58 and and 1.33, 1.33, respectively. respectively. while while 11 11 ( ( 64.7 64.7 per per cent) cent) wer e e considered considered fre e e from from c.nd c.nd the the corresponding corresponding total total sidered sidered transformed transformed slightly slightly flavor flavor rancid rancid scores scores by by each each of of the the three three judges judges those those treated treated with with the the intermittent intermittent pump pump it it was was 1.97 , , with with flavor flavor scores scores of of 3 , , 6 6 ( ( 35.27 35.27 per per cent) cent) were were con alJI alJI the the continuously continuously pumped pumped samples samples was was 2.24 , , and and for for free free from from rancid rancid flavor flavor by by the the third . . Of Of the the 17 17 samples samples was was 1.45 1.45 0.4298. 0.4298. The The average average acid acid degree degree value value for for + + w e re re considered considered slightly slightly rancid rancid by by two two judges judges and and the the average average corresponding of of transformed transformed flavor flavor scores scores 14 14 samples samples (92 . 87 87 per per cent) cent) with with total total scores scores of of 2 , , and and 72 72 hours hours at at 36 ° ° to to 38 ° ° F.) F.) was was 2.11±0.4.283, 2.11±0.4.283, while while th e e other other two two detected detected no no rancid rancid flavor. flavor. Thirteen Thirteen of of the the all all pump pump and and riser riser -treated -treated samples samples (held (held for for 24 , , 48 , , one one judge judge considered considered the the samples samples slightly slightly rancid rancid while while The The overall overall average average of of the the acid acid degree degree values values for for and and in in 23.3 23.3 per per cent cent of of the the cases cases with with total total score score of of 1, 1, ing ing system. system. the the samples samples were were considered considered free free from from rancid rancid flavor, flavor, cid cid to to a a greater greater degree degree than than did did the the intermittent intermittent pump other other two two members members did did not . . Actually Actually 8.3 8.3 per per cent cent of of ment ment increased increased the the tendency tendency of of the the milk milk to to become become ran sidered sidered the the samples samples definitely definitely rancid, rancid, whereas whereas the the It It is is also also evident evident th . at at the the continuous continuous pumping pumping treat tl1e tl1e other other did did not, not, or or alternatively, alternatively, one one judge judge con ue ue and and flavor flavor score score as as did did the the higher higher riser riser treatments. treatments. judges judges considered considered the the samples samples slightly slightly rancid, rancid, whereas whereas treatemnt treatemnt had had as as great great an an effect effect on on the the acid acid degree degree val This This would would indicate indicate that that on on the the average average two two of of the the the the end end of of the the 3-day 3-day storage storage period period the the 48 48 inch inch riser riser 2.50 , , the the average average flavor flavor score score per per sample sample was was 2.29. 2.29. is is evident evident from from the the results results shown shown in in Table Table 1 1 that that at at When When the the acid acid degrees degrees were were above above 2.00 2.00 but but below below refrigeration refrigeration temperature temperature ar e e of of particular particular interest. interest. It It the the samples samples slightly slightly rancid. rancid. on on the the samples samples which which had had been been held held for for 72 72 hours hours at at cent cent of of tl1e tl1e samples , , one one of of the the three three judges judges considered considered one one day day in in the the plant, plant, the the results results of of the the tests tests performed performed each each of of the the tlu·ee tlu·ee judges, judges, while while in in an an additional additional 40 40 per per Since Since milk milk is is often often held held two two days days on on the the farm farm and and the the samples samples were were judged judged to to have have no no rancid rancid flavor flavor by by e ach ach scoring scoring the the 2 2 samples). samples). other other two two members members did did not. not. Actually, Actually, 37 37 per per cent cent of of the the total total score score made made up up of of 6 6 judgements judgements ( 3 3 ( judges judges considered considered the the milk milk to to be be slightly slightly rancid, rancid, while while the the treated treated milk milk samples . . Actually Actually these these flavor flavor scores scores are are suggest suggest that, that, on on the the average, average, one one of of the the three three judges judges with with the the total total flavor flavor score score for for the the two two correspondingly correspondingly average average total total score score was was approximately approximately 1. 1. This This might might treatment treatment and and nser nser height height are are given given in in Table Table 1, 1, along along the the range range of of 1.51 1.51 - 2.00, 2.00, as as shown shown in in Table Table 2, 2, the the for for each each two two samples samples subjected subjected to to similar similar pumping pumping When When the the acid acid degree degree value value of of a a sample sample was was within within of of 24, 24, 48, 48, and and 72 72 hours. hours. The The average average acid acid degree degree values values ber ber of of the the panel panel as as having having no no rancid rancid flavof. flavof. creased creased in in a a linear linear pattern pattern during during the the storage storage periods periods less less than than 1.50, 1.50, the the sample sample was was judged judged by by each each mem inches). inches). The The acid acid degrees degrees and and the the flavor flavor scores scores in cases cases when when the the acid acid degree degree value value of of a a sample sample was was ( ( 48 48 inches, inches, 60 60 inches, inches, 72 72 inches, inches, 84 84 inches, inches, and and 96 96 flavor flavor scores scores of of the the samples. samples. In In the the great great majority majority of of the the samples samples subjected subjected to to the the various various riser riser treatments treatments the the magnitude magnitude of of the the acid acid degree degree values values and and the the total total noted noted within within the the acid acid degree degree or or flavor flavor scores scores among among There There appeared appeared to to be be a a general general relationship relationship between between risers risers (p (p < 0.001), 0.001), but but no no statistical statistical difference difference was was = = Table Table 2. 2. values values and and flavor flavor scores scores than than tl1ose tl1ose subjected subjected to to no no flavor flavor scores scores (total (total of of three three judges) judges) are are given given in in riser riser treatm~t treatm~t showed showed significantly significantly higher higher acid acid degree degree of of acid acid degree degree values values with with their their actual actual corresponding corresponding samples. samples. In In this this study study the the samples samples subjected subjected to to any any The The number number of of samples samples falling falling into into various various ranges ranges poorer poorer flavor flavor scores scores than than th e e intermittently intermittently pumped pumped showed showed significantly significantly higher higher acid acid degree degree values values and and average average value value of of 1.42. 1.42. · · c.f c.f milk milk subjected subjected to to the the continuous continuous pump pump treatment treatment samples samples taken taken before before the the riser · · treatments, treatments, had had an an held held in in storage. storage. The The analyses analyses indicated indicated that that samples samples average average acid acid degree degree of of 1.99, 1.99, and and the the corresponding corresponding types types of of pumping, pumping, among among riser riser levels, levels, and and among among days days for for 24, 24, 48, 48, and and 72 72 hours hours at at 36 ° ° to to 38 ° ° F., F., had had an an and and the the flavor flavor scores scores included included variability variability between between posed posed to to intermittent intermittent or or continuous continuous pumping, pumping, but but held held 2.50 2.50 3 3 4 4 Above Above 5 5 23 23 2 2 7 7 2 2 3 . 60 60 2 . 01-2.50 01-2.50 5 5 14 14 60 60 14 14 2 . 29 29 17 17 2 2 7 7 1 1 1.51-2.00 1.51-2.00 26 26 70 70 28 28 0 3 3 . 96 96 11 11 2 2 .96-1.50 .96-1.50 3 3 63 63 59 59 0.095 0.095 1 1 Acid Acid de g r ee ee v a lue s s sa mpl es es 6 6 3 3 4 4 sc 2 2 or e e per per sa mple mple -- 0 - T o t a l l n umb er er Av erag T o e e t a l l t o fl t a a l l v or or fl avo sco r r r e e 2- fABLE fABLE U MBER MBER OF OF SA M PL E S - FALLING FALLING INTO INTO CERTAIN CERTAIN RANGES RANGES OF OF A c iD iD DE G REE REE A ND ND FLAVOR FLAVOR ScoRE ScoRE VALUES. VALUES. 187 187 PIPELINE PIPELINE MILKING MILKING CONDITIONS CONDITIONS 188 PIPELINE MILKING CoNDITIONS definitely rancid by another, and slightly rancid by the taken after the 0 inches, 24 inches, 48 inches; 60 inches, third. 72 inches, 84 inches, 96 inches, riser treatments was samples taken be- When the acid values were above 2.50, 13 per cent 1.99, and that for the corresponding 1.42. ~ cf the 23 samples within the class were considered to fore riser u·eatment was flavor scores of the milk have no rancid flavor. In three of the four samples 5. The acid degrees and pattern during 1, 2, and having a flavor score of 2, two of the judges considered samples increased in a linear the samples slightly rancid while the third believed 3-day ice box storage periods. relationship be them to be free of rancid flavor. All of the seven sam 6. There seemed to be a general degree values and ples having a total flavor score of 4, were considered tween the magnitude of the add The results of slightly rancid by two judges and definitely rancid tl1e total flavor scores of the sam,Ples. milk has an by a third member of the panel. this study indicate that if a sample of acid degree value of 1.5 or less, in all probability it will The above results indicate the wisdom of having be free from rancid flavor. When the acid degree value a judging panel ratl1er than an individual judge testing falls within the range of 1.51 to 2.00, the milk may or for rancidity in daity products, because of the diffi may not be acceptable for use, but in all cases it culty of detecting the defect when the product has only should be processed quickly and blended if possible. a slight rancid flavor and of individual taste "thres Milk with an acid degree greater than 2.00 should be hold differences''. Judgments of the members of a rejected. panel should always be made it1dependently and when ever possible reference standards should be provided, , AcKNOWLEDGl'.·IENTS if the organoleptic tests are to be meaningful. The authors wish to acknowledge the financi.al aid and tbchnical assistance of The DeLaval Separator Company, CoNCLUSIONs Poughkeepsie, New York, and to express their appreciation to Mr. Mao Yueh (former graduate assistant, University of Con 1. Samples of pipeline milk subjected to continuous necticut) for his help in collecting and pasteurizing the milk pumping treatment showed significantly higher acid samples. degree values and poorer flavor scores than the in REFERENCES termittently pumped samples under the conditions of tl1e experiment. 1. Herrington, B. L. Lipase - A Review. , J. Dairy Sci., 37: 2. The average acid degree value for all samples 775-789. 1954. treated with continuous pumping was 2.24, and for 2. Kelley, L. A. and Dunkley, 'vV . L. Hydrolytic Rancidity those u·eated with the intermittent pump was 1.97. The Induced by Pipeline Milkers. J. Milk and Food Techno!., 17: 306-312. 1954. averages of the total h·ansformed ( 'V total + 0.5) 3. Krukovsky, V. N. and Herrington, B. L. Studies of Lipase flavor score of three judges for the corresponding Action, II. The Activation of Milk Lipase by Temperature samples were 1.58 and 1.33. Changes. J. Dairy Sci., 22: 137-147. 1939. ,of Shaking on 3. Samples subjected to any riser u·eatment used 4. Krukovsky, V. N. and Sharp, P. F. Effect of Cows Milk. J. Dairy Sci., 21 : 671-681. 1938. significantly higher acid tl1 e Lipolysis in this experiment showed 5. Snedecor, G. W . Stati.stical Methods, 4th Ed. Iowa State degree values and poorer flavor scores than those sub College Press. Ames. 1946. jected to no risers ( p =<0.001). No statistical differ 6. Thomas, E. L., Nielsen, A. J. and Olson, J. C., Jr. Hydro ence was noted either. in the acid degrees or the flavor lytic Rancidity in Milk. A Simplified Method for Estimating nt. Am er.ican Milk Review, 17: 50- scores of the samples subjected to various riser treat the Extent of its Developme 1955. 72 inches, 84 inches, 52. ments of 48 inches, 60 inches, 7. Weinstein , B. R. and Trout, G. M. Susceptibility of Milk 96 inches. from Various Dairy Breeds to Homogenization Induced Ran 4. The average acid degree value of all samples cidity. Mich. Agr. Exp. Sta. Quart. Bull., 32: 311-318. 1950. Dr. Dr. W. W. S. S. Mueller, Mueller, 1 1 Dept . . J. J. of of Dairying 1 1 Dr. Dr. R. R. Univ H e rsity rsity e lvi ~ Chaiman , , of of Milk Milk Food Food f1PcJ f1PcJ SanitC~tiQll SanitC~tiQll dianapolis , , Indiana. Indiana. · · MEMBERS MEMBERS Dr. Dr. W. W. K. K. Moseley , , 3826 3826 E. E. Washington Washington Street , , In ter, ter, 4676 4676 Columbia Columbia Parkway, Parkway, Cincinnati Cincinnati 26 , , be be Ohio. Ohio. taken taken by by the the sanitarian sanitarian to to control control such such diseases. diseases. tJ,nd tJ,nd Welfare , , Robert Robert Taft Taft Sanitary Sanitary Engineering Engineering shellfish, shellfish, Cen and and to to recommend recommend specific specific measures measures that that can can Dr. Dr. Earl Earl F. F. McFarren, McFarren, Dept. Dept. of of Health, Health, including including Education Education milk , , and and milk milk products , , meat , , poultry , , and and St. St. Paul, Paul, Minn. Minn. municable municable to to man man through through the the consumption consumption of of foods , , Paul Paul Quality Quality Control Control Laboratory, Laboratory, 2274 2274 Como Como To To Avenue study study , , problems problems related related to to those those diseases diseases com Dr . . W. W. C. C. Lawton, Lawton, Director, Director, Minneapolis Minneapolis and and St. St. OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVES Science Science Service Service Builc;ling , , Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Ontario, Canada. Canada. Dr. Dr. C . . K. K. Johns, Johns, Canadian Canadian Dept. Dept. of of Agriculture COMMUNICABLE COMMUNICABLE , , DISEASE DISEASE AFFECTING AFFECTING MAN MAN bandry , , University . of of Minnesota, Minnesota, St. St. Paul , , Minn. Minn. COMMITTEE COMMITTEE ON ON J. J. Dr. Dr. James James Jezeski , , Department Department of of Animal Animal Hus Chemica Kentucky, Kentucky, l s s Corp. Lexington, Lexington, , , Wyandotte, Wyandotte, Ky. Ky. Michigan . . cal cal Service Service . . Prof J. J. Dept. . . T. T. , , R. R. Freeman, Freeman, B. B. Ford Ford Dairy Dairy Division Section , , Wyandott , , University University e e of of Armin Armin Iichigan Iichigan Roth State State , , Health Health University, University, Department Department East East Lansing H.elations , , Michigan. Michigan. , , Techni Peoria Peoria Health Health Dr. Dr. Ralph Ralph Department N. N. Costi , , City City lo w , , Hall, Hall, Department Department Peoria, Peoria, of of Illinois. Illinois. Bacteriology, Bacteriology, Louis Louis 1681 1681 Union Union W. W. Pickles Avenue, Avenue, , , Director Director Memphis, Memphis, of of Division Division Tenn . . of of Sanitation , , gia. gia. Barton Barton M. M. Barney , , Midwest Midwest Dairy Dairy Products Products Corp. , , nl nl Office Office Laboratory, Laboratory, VI , , 50 50 Seventh Seventh Oakland Street, Street, , , N. N. L. L. N. N. E., E., I. I. Atlanta Atlanta Y. Y. 5, 5, Geor W. W. McLean R. R. Dr. Dr. Franklin Franklin , , U. U. S. S. W. W. Public Public Barber, Barber, Health Health National National Service , , Dairy Dairy Region Research Research Co. , , 5 5 Lane Lane of of Public Public of of Acres Health , , Haddonfield, Haddonfield, , , Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. Illinois. New New Jersey. Jersey. Richard Richard Bac S. S. t eriology Doughty , , Division Division , , Philadelphia Philadelphia of of Laboratori Dairy Dairy e Products Products s , , Illinois Illinois D e pt. pt. Michigan. Michigan. Mr. Mr. J. J. C. C. McCaffrey, McCaffrey, Chairman, Chairman, Bureau Bureau of of Sanitary Sanitary James James H . . Burrows , , City City Health Health Department, Department, Niles, Niles, MEMBERS MEMBERS Street, Street, New New York, York, N.Y. N.Y. Food Food Inspection be be helpful helpful , , Department Department to to th e e sani t arian arian of of Health, Health, in in the the conduct conduct 125 125 Worth Worth of of his his work. work. A. A. E. E. Abrahamson published published , , data Chief , , and and , , Division Division to to present present of of conclusions conclusions Wholesale Wholesale which which will will control control authorities, authorities, to to eva lu ate ate both both Kansas Kansas published published City , , and and Missouri. Missouri. un logical logical problems problems of of current current Vincent Vincent interest interest to to T. T. Foley milk milk , , Chairman, Chairman, and and food food 21st 21st Floor , , City City Hall , , To To study study n e vJ vJ l aboratory aboratory procedures procedures and and bacterio MEMBERS MEMBERS OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVES for for items items in in the the Baking Baking Industry . . Standards Standards Committee Committee in in the the development development of of standards standards LABORATORY LABORATORY METHODS METHODS sultative sultative assis t ance ance to to th e e Baking Baking Industry Industry Sanitation Sanitation COMMITTEE COMMITTEE ON ON APPLIED APPLIED The The ob j ectives ectives of of this this Committee Committee are are to to provide provide con ...... priate priate comr.11ittees comr.11ittees to to give give them them suggestions suggestions for for study. study. OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVES encouraged encouraged to to communicate communicate with with chairmen chairmen of of appro BAKING BAKING INDUSTH.Y INDUSTH.Y EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT search search or or inquiry. inquiry. In In thi s s connection, connection, all all members members are are COMMITTEE COMMITTEE ON ON of of o th ers, ers, there there may may be be problems problems which which require require re From From personal personal observation observation or or through through the the suggestion suggestion University , , Columbus Columbus 10, 10, Ohio . . pro ects ects j for for considera tion tion of of the the various various committees. committees. Dr . . H . . W. W. Weiser , , Dept. Dept. of of Bacteriology, Bacteriology, Ohio Ohio Stat e e tion. tion. All All members members are are encouraged encouraged to to suggest suggest topics topics and and g i ene , , Madison Madison 6 , , Wisconsin. Wisconsin. contributions contributions to to th e e progress progress and and vigor vigor of of the the Associa D. D. Thompson I. I. , , Wisconsin Wisconsin Stat e e Laboratory Laboratory of of Hy ternational ternational continues continues to to be be one one of of the the most most important important cago , , Illinois. Illinois. The The work work done done by by the the various various committees committees of of the the In Dr. Dr. George George W . . Shadwick , , 1562 1562 S. S. State State Street , , Chi committees. committees. Yards , , Chicago Chicago 9, 9, Illinois. Illinois. must must do do a a great great share share of of work work through through the the medium medium of of Dr. Dr. H. H. B . . Richie, Richie, Swift Swift and and Company , , Union Union Stock Stock only only once once a a year year and and whose whose membership membership is is widespread, widespread, of of Wisconsin, Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, Wisconsin. Wisconsin. tion tion of of Milk Milk and and Food Food Sanitarians , , Inc. , , which which meets meets Dr. Dr. H. . . B . . Parker , , Dept. Dept. of of Bacteriology , , Univ e rsit y y An An organiza t ion ion such such as as the · · International International Associa Mass. , , Amherst, Amherst, Mass. Mass. MILK MILK AND AND FOOD FOOD SANITARIANS, SANITARIANS, Inc., Inc., For For 1957 1957 COMMITTEES COMMITTEES OF OF THE THE INTERNATIONAL INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ASSOCIATION OF OF 190 CoMMITTEES OF IAMFS. Program, Division of Sanitary Engineering Services, Municipal Building, Elkhorn, Wisconsin. U. S. Public Health Service, Washington, D. C. A. G. McLeod, Manitoba Dept. of Health & Publi~ Jolm Andrews, Sanitary Engineering Division, North Welfare, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Carolina State Board of Health, Raleigh, North Caro Lyle Littlefield, Michigan Dept. of Agriculture, lJan lina. sing, Michigan. Dr. H. L. Bryson, Vancouver Health Department, Mike O'Connor, 425 South Garden, Gellingham, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Washington. Dr. Raymond Fagan, University of Pennsylvania, Russell R. Palmer, Detroit Dept. of Health, Detroit School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, 26, Mich. R. D. 1, Kennett Square, Penn. Dr. Richard M. Parry, Rhode Island Quality Milk John H. Fritz, Chief Food Sanitarian, Kansas City Assn., Wanvic, R. I. Health Dept., Kansas City, Missouri. C. W. Pegram, State Dept. of Agriculture, Raleigh, Dr. Stanley L. Hendricks, Iowa State Dept. of No. Carolina. Health, Des Moines, Iowa. A. K. Saunders, Rural Rt. No. 2, Box 66B, Munde Dr. E. R. Pnce, Missouri State Health Department, lein, Illinois. Jefferson City, Missouri. L. 0. Tucker, State Dept. of Health, Smith Tower, Dr. H. H. Rothe, State Dept. of Agriculture, P. 0. Seattle 4, Washington. Box 163, Gainesville, Florida. Alex G. Shaw, 916 W. College Avenue, Tallah.assee, T. E. Sullivan, Director, Division of Foods and Florida. , Indiana State Board of Health, 1330 West Drugs COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION Michigan Street, Indianapolis, Indiana. ·' AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEE ON DAIRY FARM METHODS OBJECTIVES S OBJECTIVE First, to develop plans and to devise methods where To study dairy farm methods and procedures, to de by the Sanitarian can more fully gain recognition as a termine the sanitary problems involved, and to make J:;rofessional worker in public health and secondly, to recommendations for the solution of such sanitary recommend standards of education, training and ex problems, and for the improvement of dairy farm me perience designed to establish desirable professional thods which have a relationship to the sanitary quality qualifications to the end that the title Sanitarian will of milk. denote adequate preparation for professional work and attainment. MEMBERS MEMBERS Dr. Robert Metzger, Chairman, Director of Quality Control, Dairymen's League Coop. Assn. Inc., 400 Dr. John J. Sheuring, Co-Chairman, Dairy Depart Park Street, Syracuse, N. Y. ment, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia. Chester Bletch, Maryland and Virginia Milk Pro W. Howard Brown, Co-Chairman, 940 Main Street, ducers Assn. Inc., 1756 K Street, N. W., Washington 6, Jacksonville, Florida. D.C. Russell B. Cunningham, Depa1tment of Public Dr. J. C. Flake, Evaporated Milk Association, 228 Health, La Porte, Ind. North La Salle Street, Chicago 1, Illinois. Bernard W . Hartman, Executive Sec., Greater Kan M. K. Cook, Chief, Dairy Production Section, Dept. sas City Restaurant Assn., 210 W. 8th Street, Kansas of Agriculture, 1308 East Franklin Street, Richmond City, Mo. 19, Virginia. Karl Jones, 1330 W. Michigan Sh·eet, Indianapolis, H. Clifford Goslee, State Department of Farms and Ind. Markets, Hartford, Conn. Dr. Samuel A. Lear, Dept. of Dairy Industry, Rut Dr. Richard S. Guthrie, N. Y. State Veterinary gers University, New Brunswick, N. J. College, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. Mr. S. D. McCready, Public Health Committee, Cup Milton Held, U. S. Public Health Service, Regional and Container Institute, 250 Park Avenue, New York Office VII, 2200 Federal Office Building, Kansas City 17, N.Y. 6, Missouri. Mr. Elmer E. Ninman, Kiowa County Health Dept., Harold Hieskell, P. 0. Box 2088, Sacramento, Cali Hobart, Oklahoma. fornia. Mr. Guy P. Stevens, Utah State Dept. of Agriculhtre, Fred Jolly, Pennington County Health Dept., Rapid Salt Lake City, Utah. City, So. Dakota. Mr. Raymond Summerlin, Deputy Health Officer, :Robert M. Keown, Inter-City Milk Control Council, Health Dept., Otumwa, Iowa. Frank Frank E. E. Fisher Ch({'irman, Ch({'irman, , , Food Food and and Dru g g Divis ion , , vers it y y of of Pu e rto rto co, co, Ri Magaguez, Magaguez, Pu e i'to i'to Rico. Rico. Emil Emil Mikolajcik , , Professor Professor Animal Animal Husbandr y , , Uni MEMBERS MEMBERS ence ence S ervice ervice Building , , Ottawa , , Ontario , , Canada . . of of such such problems problems Dr. Dr. C. C. John K. K. s, s, Canada Canada of of Agricultme, Agricultme, D ~p t. t. Sci za ip , , a n · d d to to mak e e r ecom mendations mendations for for th California. California. e e solution solution I I vo l ved ved which which mi g ht ht con tribut e e ' to to a a public public M health health ilk ilk Sanitation h a , , 1072 1072 Claredon Claredon Crescen t , , Okland Okland 10 , , I I . . food food industry , , to to d e t e rmin e e th e e sa nit ary ary probl ems ems in Mel Mel H e rsprin g, g, California California Association Association of of Dairy Dairy and and ! ! To To s tud y y cond ition s s an d d pr ac ti ces ces within within th e e frozen frozen sioner, sioner, 256 256 Palm Palm Str ee t , , Hartford J J , , Connecticut . . H . . Clifford Clifford Gosl ee , , State State D a h· y y and and Food Food Commis OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVES University University of of Nebraska, Nebraska, Lincoln , , Nebraska. Nebraska. FROZE FROZE FOOD FOOD SANITATION SANITATION Dr. Dr. Crowe, Crowe, K. K. L. L. Deparbnent Deparbnent of of Dairy Dairy Husbandry , , · y y COMM ITTE E E ON ON sin. sin. Industr y , , University University of of Wisconsin, Wisconsin, Madison Madison 6 , , Wiscon Va. Va. Dr . . H. H. E. E. Calbert, Calbert, D e partm en t t of of Daily Daily and and Food Food Regional Regional Offic e, e, 600 600 E. E. J e ff e rson rson St., St., Charlottesville , , consin. consin. Jam es es \ :tv i Vestbrook fr . . , , U . . S . . Public Public H ea lth lth S e r v i ce , , t o r y, y, State State D e partm e nt nt of of Agricultur e, e, Madison Madison 2, 2, Wis H ea lth , , 125 125 Worth Worth Street , , New New York York 13 , , N. N. Wayne Wayne Y. Y. L. L. Brown , , Dair y y and and Food Food Control Control Labora Mr. Mr. J ero m e e Tri c ht e r , , New New York York C ity ity D e pt. pt. of of Hospitals , , v Ves t t 6th 6th an d d Ch e roke e , , Denv e r r 4, 4, Colorado. Colorado. 18 18 D ove ove Street , , A lban y , , New New York. York. H aro ld ld Barnum , , D e nver nver Dep ar tm en t t of of H ea lth lth and and I I Mr. Mr. Jam es es A. A. Stalbird, Stalbird, New New York York Stat e e H ea lth lth D e pt , , . P. P. Bo x x 437, 437, 0 . . Sh e lb yv ille , , Indiana . . . : : 50 50 S even th th St . . N. N. E. , , l At anta anta Georgia. Georgia. 5, 5, tar y, y, IAMFS , , Journal Journal of of Milk Milk and and Food Food Technology ; ; Mr. Mr. W. W. R. R. McLean , , U. U. S. S. Public Public H ea lth lth Service , , H . . Thomas L. L. so Co-Chaimw.n, Co-Chaimw.n, n , , Executive Executive S ec r e " " City , , Missouri. Missouri. Assoc i a t es , , 238 238 N. N. LaSalle LaSalle Str ee t , , Chicago , , Illinois. Illinois. an d d Dru gs , , Di v ision ision of of H ea lth lth of of Missouri , , J eff e rson rson Mr. Mr. Harold Harold \ Va in ess Co-Cha , , · i · mwn , , H . . Wain ess ess & & Mr. Mr. H. H. John John McCutchen , , Dir ec tor , , ea Bur u u of of Food Food MEMBERS MEMBERS P . . 0 . . Box Box '287 , , Amarillo, Amarillo, T exas. exas. Mr. Mr. Lewis Lewis Dodson , , L ew is is Dod son son Engineering Engineering Co ., ., t ar ians , , Inc. Inc. .'v lontgom e r y y 6 , , A l a. a. th e e Int e rnation a l l Association Association of of Milk Milk and and Food Food Sani Col. Col. H. H. F. F. Down s , , Jr. , , 3786 3786 · · a nn an an Brid ge ge R oa d , , i ans ' ' organizations organizations in in th e e advantages advantages of of affiliation affiliation with with · olis , , Ind. Ind. ian s , , Inc. , , and and to to int e r es t t stat e e milk milk and and food food sanitar Bo a rd rd of of H ea lth , , I300 I300 W. W. 1 vfichigan vfichigan Street, Street, Int Indianap e rnational rnational Association Association of of Mi lk lk and and Food Food Sanitar Mr. Mr. D a ird ird E. E. Ha1t l ey Co-Cha , , : inn q u a an, an, lifi e p d Indiana Indiana e rsons rsons th State State e e advantages advantages of of b e longing longing to to th e e th e e organization organization b y y bringing bringing o th to e e attention attention of of all all Health , , 115 115 So. So. St a t e e Street , , Salt Salt Lake Lake Ci t y , , Utah. Utah. To To make make eve r y y effor t t to to incr ea s e e th e e m e mb e rship rship of of ' N illi a m m V. V. Hickey Co , , -Cha ir man , , D epar tm e nt nt of of OBJ E CTIVES CTIVES MEMBERS MEMBERS ' ' COMMITTE 0 0 · E E MEMBERSHIP MEMBERSHIP dm·sed dm·sed or or a ppro ve b d y y th e e Association. Association. s t an d ards ards w hi ch ch th e e Committe e e r e co mm en d s s b e e e n co n s in . . s e nt nt t o o th e e membership membership at at th Industries a e nnual nnual , , meeting meeting University University thos of of e e Wiscon sin, sin, Madison Madison 6 , , Wis of of sanitary sanitary standards standards for for food food eq uipm e nt ; ; (c) (c) Dr to to . . K pr en e n e th th G. G. \ Veckel , , Dept. Dept. of of Dairy Dairy and and Food Food other other h ea lth lth groups groups and and industr Emanu y y in in e th l l Coun e e de ve t y y l opment opment H ea lth lth D ept., ept., S,wainsboro , , Georgia . . dix e c t ed ed b y y th e e Executive Executive Bo a Mr. Mr. rd , , Ra to to y coo mond mond p e rat Summerlin, Summerlin, w e ith ith Public Public H e alth alth Sanitarian , , . . SF SF Standards Standards for for Food Food S e r v ic e e Fillmor e e Equipment; Equipment; Str ee t , , ( Chicago Chicago b ) ) when when 12 , , Illinois. Illinois. Sanitation Sanitation Foundation t e riolo gy , , in in , , Illinois Illinois th e e joint joint D e pt d . . e v of of e lopm Publi en c c t t H of of ea lth , , 1800 1800 West West J. J. c i es es a nd nd industr y, y, und e r r th e e auspices auspices Mr. Mr. C of of . . McCaffrey th e e National National , , Chi e f , , Bur ea u u of of Sanita1y Sanita1y Bac mitt e e e includ e; e; (a) (a) coopera t ion ion Charles Charles with with other other St. , , h Maywood, Maywood, ea lth lth agen Ill. Ill. food food equ ipm e nt. nt. Sp ec ifi ca ll y , , th e e Mr. Mr. fun c Gl tions tions e nn nn of of Hay this this es, es, com American American Can Can Co., Co., 11th 11th Ave . . St. St. & & industri e s s in in th e e formulation formulation of of sanitary sanitary standards standards California for for . . To To p a rticipat D e e ep with with t . . of of other other Ag r icultur h ea lth lth e , , organizations organizations 1220 1220 N. N. Sh t :ee and and , , Sacram e nto nto 14, 14, A. A. Ghiggoi 0 . . l e , , Bur ea u u of of Dair y y S e rvic e , , Ca liforni a a OBJ ECTIVES ECTIVES H ea lth , , Columbia Columbia 1 , , So. So. Carolina. Carolina. COJ\ t fMITTEE Sanitary Sanitary · · ON ON Engin FOOD FOOD ee rin EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT g, g, So. So. C a rolina rolina Stat e e Board Board of of \ V. V. P. P. Bo y lsto n , , Sanitation Sanitation Consu lt ant , , Division Division of of tol , , Va. Va. Street , , Indianapolis , , Indiana . . [r. [r. Haynes Haynes \ V l\ ri g ht , , C it y y H ea lth lth D epa rtm Indiana Indiana e nt , , Bri Stat s e e Board Board of of H ea lth , , 1330 1330 \'\ T e st st Michiga n n 1 Co:tviMITTEES Co:tviMITTEES IAMFS. IAMFS. OF OF 191 191 192 CoMMittEEs oF !AMPS. Alexander A. Pais, State Dept. of H ealth, Richmond, Stephen J. Wolff, Pevely Dairy Company, 1001 Virginia. South Grand Boulevard, Saint Louis 4, Mo. Kenneth L. Poole, North Central Dish·ict Health Unit, Lewiston, Idaho. COMMITTEE ON P. E. Riley, Illinois Department of Public Health, RECOGNITIO J AND AWARDS 1800 West Fillmore Sh·eet, Chicago 12, Illinois. OBJECTIVES F. L. Schacht, 18 Dove Sh·eet, Albany 6, N. Y. Otis E. Skiles, 303 Haworth Drive, Knoxville, Ten This Committee is charged with the responsibility nessee. of implementing those objectives of the Association L. 0. Tucker, State Department of Health, Smith concerned with, (a) recognition of individual milk and Tower, Seattle 4, Washington. food sanitarians whose achieve'ments have contributed Chades Walten, Pueblo County-City Health Depart greatly to the public health and welfare of their com ment, Pueblo, Colorado. munities, and (b) recognition of those members of the Association who have through distinguished service COMMITTEE ON contributed greatly to the professional advancement ORDINANCES AND REGULATIONS growth and reputation of the International Association PERTAINING TO MILK AND DAIRY PRODUCTS of Milk and Food Sanitarians, Inc. The Committee receives and reviews nomjnations OBJECTIVES for the annual Sanitarian's Award and has full respon·, To review and study the provision of sanitary ordi sibility for the selection of the recipient. The Commit" nances and regulations pertaining to milk, milk prod tee also receives and reviews recommendations o'n ucts, and frozen desserts, to evaluate data on research candidates for the annual Citation Awards, and coun· findings relative to the sanitary and public health sig sels with the Executive Board relative to the selection nificance of the specific requirements of ordinances of the recipients. It is also responsible for handling and regulations, and to prepare for submission to the all matters pertaining to the presentation of awards, members of the Association recommendations for publicity and other related items. changes in existing ordinances and regulatio~s . MEMBERS MEMBERS Professor Ivan M. Parkin, Chairnw.n, Deparhnent of Dairy Industry, Pennsylvania St;;tte University, Uni- Mr. Donald H. Race, Chairman, Field Director, 1 versity Park, Pennsylvania. Dairy Products Improvement Institute, Inc., 302 East State Street, Ithaca, New York. (for Two Year Term ) C. V. Christiansen, Director of Laboratories, Bow Professor H. S. Adams·, Indiana University School man Dairy Company, 140 W . Ontario Sh·eet, Chicago of Medicine, Department of Public Health, 1100 West 10, Illinois. · Michigan Street, Indianapolis, Indiana. J. C. Flake, Sanitary Standards, Evaporated Milk Dr. Richard M. Parry, Rhode Islancl Quality Milk Association, 228 North LaSalle Street, Chicago 1, Illin Association, 158 Greenwich Avenue, Pontiac, Warwick, ois. R.I. 0. A. Ghiggoile, Chief, Bureau of Dairy Services, (for One Year Term ) State D epartment ·of Agriculture, Sacramento, Califor John M. Andrews, Sanitary Engineering Division, nia. North Carolina Board of Health, Raleigh, N. C. K. A. Harvey, Senior Sanitarian, South Central Dis· William Hickey, City Health Department, Salt Lake trict Health Department, 309 2nd Avenue East, Twin City, Utah. Falls, Idaho. John H. McCutcheon, Bureau of Food and Drug ~, C. H. Holcombe, Director, Agricultural Products In Division of Health, Jefferson City, Mo. spection, Department of Agriculture, 515 State Office Building, Saint Paul, Minnesota. COMMITTEE ON RESOLUTIONS W. R. McLean, Regional Milk and Food Consultant, OBJECTIVES Public Health Service, D epartment of Health, Educa tion and Welfare, Regional Office - Region IV, 50 To present for consideration at the annual meeting Seventh Street, N. E., Room 164, Atlanta 23, Georgia. matters on Association policy and matters wherin the E. Small, Head, Dairy Division, Standards Section, Association can make known its official position with Standardization and Program Development Branch, respect to proposals affecting, ( a) the work of pro United States Deparhnent of Agriculture, Agricultural fessional sanitarians, and (b ) the health of the people Marketing Service, Washington 25, D . C. of the nation. California. California. consm. consm. Mark Mark H e wlett , , Jr. , , 2461 2461 Coniston Coniston Place , , San San Marin e, e, Agricultur e, e, Univ e rsity rsity of of Wisconsin , , Madison , , Wis n e cticut. cticut. Dr. Dr. K. K. G . . Weck e l , , Dairy Dairy Department , , College College of of of of Agricultur e, e, Stat e e Offic e e Building , , Hartford , , Con anapolis , , Indiana. Indiana. Mr. Mr. Cliff Cliff Gosle e, e, Chief , , Dairy Dairy Division , , D e partment partment Mr. Mr. K. K. W . . Mos e ley , , 3862 3862 E. E. Washington Washington Street , , Indi souri. souri. Health , , University University of of Massachusetts , , Amherst, Amherst, Mass. Mass. Mr. Mr. Milton Milton Fish e r , , R. R. 5827 5827 N e osho, osho, St. St. Louis , , Mis Dr. Dr. Warren Warren Litsky , , Dept. Dept. of of Bact e riology & & . . Public Public 13 , , N.Y. N.Y. mitt ee, ee, 22774 22774 Como Como Avenue , , St. St. PaulS, PaulS, Minn . . Department Department of of Health , , 125 125 Worth Worth Street , , New New York York Mr. Mr. W. W. C. C. Lawton, Lawton, Director , , Quality Quality Control Control Com Mr. Mr. Paul Paul Corash , , Chief, Chief, Division Division of of Milk Milk Inspection , , Sci e nc e e Service , , Ottowa , , Canada. Canada. homa. homa. gy , , Department Department of of Agricultur e , , Exp e rim e ntal ntal Farm Farm & & vision , , City City Health Health D e partment , , Oklahoma Oklahoma City, City, Okla Dr. Dr. K. K. C. C. Johns , , Officer Officer in in Charge , , Dairy Dairy Technolo Mr. Mr. David David Cl e veland , , Director , , Dairy Dairy and and Wyoming Food Food Di . . Ohio. Ohio. tion tion S e ction , , D e partm e nt nt of of Public Public Health , , Chey e nn e, e, Mr. Mr. E. E. B . . Buchanan J. J. , , 23728 23728 Cliff Cliff Drive , , Clev e land , , Mr . . E. E. Guinn , , Chief Chief Sanitarian , , Food Food and and Sanita Montp e lier , , Vermont. Vermont. Hall, Hall, Ab e rdeen, rdeen, South South Dakota . . Mr. Mr. Harry Harry Br e m e r , , Departm e nt nt of of Agriculture , , Mr. Mr. Howard Howard Froiland , , City City Health Health Departm e nt , , City City of of Health , , Raleigh , , No . . Carolina . . Av e nu e, e, New New York York 17 , , N.Y . . tary tary Engin e ering ering Division , , No . . Carolina Carolina State State Mr. Mr. Board Board F. F. C. C. Baselt , , American American Can Can Company , , 100 100 Park Park Mr. Mr. John John Andr e ws , , Chief, Chief, S a nitation nitation Section, Section, Sani City City County County of of Denv & & e r , , Denv e r 4 r , , Colorado. Colorado. ton , , Illinois. Illinois. Mr . . H. H. J . . Barnum , , Chief , , Milk Milk Sanitation Sanitation Servic e s, s, C . . A . . Ab e le, le, Chairman , , 2617 2617 Hartzell Hartzell Stre dianapolis e t , , Evans , , Indiana. Indiana. Public Public MEMBERS MEMBERS H e alth, alth, Indiana Indiana Univ e rsit y y M e dical dical C e nter , , In Dr . . Samuel Samuel H. H. Hopper , , Chai-rma:n, Chai-rma:n, Department Department of of agr ee m e nt nt has has b ee r n e ached. ached. MEMBERS MEMBERS ceptanc e e of of th e e sanitary sanitary standards standards upon upon which which mutual mutual tain e d d by by the the Committee. Committee. Servic e, e, and and health health officials officials in in attaining attaining universal universal ac find find th e e best best m e thod thod of of disseminating disseminating information information ob Dairy Dairy Industry Industry Committee, Committee, the the U. U. S. S. Pubic Pubic Health Health ship ship for for sp e cific cific information information on on given given problems problems and and to to ards ards app e ar ar desirabl e ; ; and and (c) (c) to to cooperate cooperate with with th e e Section); Section); (c) (c) to to asc e rtain rtain th e e ne e ds ds of of the the member and and methods methods for for which which formulation formulation of of sanitary sanitary sta~:c! lic lic Health Health Association Association (Engine e ring ring and and Sanitation Sanitation cuds cuds Subcommittee Subcommittee items items of of dairy dairy indush-y indush-y equipment equipment with with those those of of a a similar similar committee committee of of the the American American Puh tee; tee; (b) (b) to to bring bring tb tb the the attention attention of of the the Sanitary Sanitary Stand charge charge of of their their duti e s; s; (b) (b) to to coordinate coordinate its its activities activities ment ment submitted submitted by by the the Sanitary Sanitary Standards Standards Subcommit a nd nd practices practices which which would would e nabl e e a a more more effici e nt nt dis ment ment on on propos e d d sanitation sanitation standards standards for for daidy daidy equip th e e field field sanitarian sanitarian as as a a cl e aring aring house house for for new new ideas ideas this this Committee Committee ar e : : (a) (a) to to rec e iv e , , consider , , and and com Th e e objectives objectives of of this this committ ee ee are: are: (a) (a) to to serv e e for for Dair y y Equipm e nt. nt. Specifically , , the the functions functions of of OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVES Service Service in in th'e . . formulation formulation of of 3A 3A Sanitary Sanitary Standards Standards NEEDS NEEDS AND AND APPLICATIONS APPLICATIONS th e e Milk Milk and. and. Food Food Branch Branch of of the the U. U. S. S. Public Public Health Health COMMITTEE COMMITTEE ON ON RESEARCH RESEARCH Subcommittee Subcommittee of of th e e Dairy Dairy Industry Industry Committe e e and and son , , Mississippi. Mississippi. To To participat e e jointly jointly with with th e e Sanitary Sanitary Standards Standards Mr. Mr. D. D. B. B. Whiteh e ad, ad, 4896 4896 Woodmont Woodmont Drive , , Jack OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVES tary , , IAMFS , , P. P. Box Box 0. 0. 437, 437, Shelbyville, Shelbyville, Indiana. Indiana. COMMITTEE COMMITTEE ON ON SANITARY SANITARY PROCEDURES PROCEDURES Mr. Mr. H . . L. L. Thomasson , , Ex-officio, Ex-officio, Executive Executive Secre Health , , 84 84 Holland Holland Avenue , , Albany , , New New York. York. igan igan Str ee t , , Indianapolis , , Indiana. Indiana. Sanitation Sanitation Section , , N e w w York York Stat e e Department Department of of Drugs , , Indiana Indiana State State Board Board of of Health , , 1300 1300 West West Mich 1r. 1r. James James A. A. Stalbird, Stalbird, Chief , , Milk Milk and and Restaurant Restaurant Mr. Mr. E. E. Sullivan T. T. , , Director , , Bureau Bureau of of Food Food and and State State University , , Univ e rsity rsity Park, Park, Pa. Pa. Louisville , , Kentucky. Kentucky. Dr. Dr. E. E. I. I. Parkin , , 213 213 Dairy Dairy Building, Building, Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Drug Drug Conh·ol , , K e ntucky ntucky Stat e e Health Health Department , , Florida. Florida. Mrs. Mrs. F. F. C. C. Dugan , , Director , , Division Division of of Food Food and and Samu e l l Nol e s , , Stat e e Board Board of of Health , , Jacksonville, Jacksonville, sity , , W e st st Lafayette , , Indiana. Indiana. 20 , , Illinois. Illinois. Dr. Dr. Fred Fred Babel , , Dairy Dairy Department , , Purdue Purdue Univer Mr. Mr. James James A. A. Meany , , 8948 8948 S. S. Laflin Laflin Street, Street, Chicago Chicago 1300 1300 W. W. Michigan Michigan Sh·eet , , Indianapolis , , Indiana. Indiana. of of Agricultme, Agricultme, Olympia , , Washington . . sity sity School School of of Medicine , , Department Department of of Public Public Health, Health, 1r. 1r. A. A. Bender Bender Luc e, e, Washington Washington Stat e e D e partm e nt nt Prof e ssor ssor H . . S S .Adams, .Adams, Chairman , , Indiana Indiana Univer son son 5 , , Wisconsin . . MEMBERS MEMBERS Clar e nce nce K. K. Luchterhand , , 814 814 Burbank Burbank Plac e, e, Madi IAMFS. IAMFS. CmvrMI T TEES TEES OF OF 193 193 194 3-A SANITARY STANDARDS FOR MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS EVAPORATO RS AND VAC UUM PANS MARCH 1, 1957 'I, Formulated bu ~ ~ · International Association of M-ilk and Food San itarians I U. S. Public H ealth Serv ice The Dairy InduslnJ Committee It is the purpose of the IAMFS, US PHS and DIC, in connection with the development of 3-A Sanitary Standa-rds Program, to allow and encourage full free dom for inventive genius or new d evelopments. ~t[i]k Evaporator specifications which are developed and which so differ in design, material, construction or other wise so as not to conform with the following standards, but which in the opinion of the manufacturer or fabricator are equivalent to or better, may be submitted at any time for !he c onsideration of IAMFS, USPHS, and DIC. Milk and Milk Products Evaporators and Vacuum Pans conforming to 3-A Sanitarv Standards comply , with the following in design, material, and construction. A-SCOPE latively non-absorbent, and having a smooth surface. Single service gaskets may be used. This standard covers the sanitary aspects of milk (c) Non-metallic parts having product contact sm and milk products evaporators and vacuum pans, in faces shall be made of non-toxic, relatively fat-resis cluding single and multiple effect units, automatic t:< nt, relatively non-absorbent, relatively insoluble water level controls and safeguards. This standard material, and shall not impart a f lavor to the product. does not cover vacuum pasteurizers and deaerators. Non-metallic materials shall be smooth, and shall be of such composition as to retain their surface and B - DEFINITIONS conformation characteristics and withstand penetration ;;:nd corrosive action of the product, and of cleaning ( 1) Product: Shall mean the milk or milk product and bactericidal agents encountered in normal uses which is processed in this equipment. and cleaning operations. (2) Evapomtors and Vacuum Pans: Shall mean ( 2) All parts having external surfaces shall be of equipment in which products may be concentrated in corrosion-resistant material or shall be · t endered cor vacuo. Product heating surfaces and vapor condensing rosion-resistant. If painted, the paint shaa ·ll be pplied units are considered to be essential auxiliary equip to a prepared surface, and shall be durable. ment and are, therefore, included. ( 3) Product C ont,act S·wjace : Shall mean all sur fl- FABRICATION faces that are exposed to the product, or from which liquid may drain, drop, or be drawn into the product. ( 1 ) A ll product contact surfaces shall be at least · · ( 4) Non-Product Contact Swjace : Shall mean all as smooth as a o. 4 mill finish on s tainless steel sheets other surfaces. or 120 grit finish properly appli ed. All joints shall be ~mooth and flush. All permanent joints in metallic C- MATERIAL product surfaces shall be fused, welded or brazed with durable, corrosion-resistant, non-toxic material. ( 1) All metallic product contact surfaces shall be ( 2 ) All appurtenances having product contact sur of 18-8 stainless steel with a carbon content of not faces shall be easily removable for cleaning, or shall more than 0 .12%, nickel alloy, or equally corrosion be readily cleanable in place. resistant metal that is non-toxic. Non-metallic materi ( 3) All parts having product contact surfaces shall als may be used for transparency and sealing, in pos be easily accessible a nd readilv cleanable, either in an itions where their use is required, except that: assembled position or when removed. An exception is _(a ) Sight and light glasses shall be of clear glass. made for the c oils of a vaccum pan which are specifi (b) Multi-use gaskets shall be made of a resilient cally covered in paragraph D ( 6 ). Removable parts ru hber or rubber-like material that is non-toxic, re- shall he readily demountable, 3-A SANITARY STANDARDS 193 ( 4) All internal angles of 135° or less on product us of any internal angle in a gasket groove or gasket contact surfaces shall have minimum radii of 34", ex retaining groove shall be not less than 3~". In grooved cept that minimum radii for fillets of welds in product gaskets; the length of the shorter }eg shall not exceed contact surfaces may be 3~" where the thickness of twice the width of the groove ~ All gasket grooves and one or both parts joined is less than 3/16". gasket-retaining grooves shall be readily cleanable. ( 5) The minimum inside diameter of product heat ( 9) There shall be no threads used on product exchange tubing used shall be that of nominal 1" contact surfaces. O.D., 16 U. S. standard gauge tubing. ( 10) All vapor lines beyond the product contact ( 6) The minimum space between coils shall be 2:W', surface shall drain away from the product contact the minimum space between coils and vacuum pan wrface. A pitch of at least ~~" per foot to the first ver walls shall be 3", and the minimum space between coil tical drop shall be provided. bmks shall be 3:W'. (7) Openings: E - ACCESSORIES (a) Product inlet and outlet connections shall conform to 3-A Sanitary Standards For Fittings Used ( 1) An automatic condenser ;water level control for On Milk And Milk Products Equipment And Used On preventing water from entering the product shall be Sanitary Lines Conducting Milk And Milk Products. provided by one of the following means: ( b) Sight and light glass ports shall be designed (a) A barometric leg. w that the interior surfaces drain inwardly and the ex (b) A surface condenser, in which the vapor and terior flare pitched so that liquids cannot accumulate the condensing water are separated by metal walls The glasses shall be readily removable for cleaning. and do not come into contact with each other. (c) The1:mometer connections shall conform with (c) A safety shut-off valve, located in the water 3-A Sanitary Standards For Thermometer Fittings feed line to the condenser, automatically ach1ated by And Connections Used On Milk And Milk Products a control which will shut off the inflowing water when Equipment and /Supplement No. 1 thereof. the water level rises above a predetermined point (d) Manhole cover assembly shall be of such in the condenser. This valve may be actuated by water, construction as to permit the cover to swing outside air, or electricity, and shall be so designed that failure / away from the opening. The minimum inside diameter of the primary motivating power will automatically of the man hole opening shall be 16'". stop the flow of water. (e) Openings for vaccum breaker and sampling ( 2) Vacuum gauge connection ( s) shall be placed valve shall be irr product contact surface. ir. the vapor line beyond the product contact sur ( 8) Gaskets for manhole cover, and sight and light face. openings shall be considered non-metallic parts having ( 3) Vacuum breaking and sampling valves shall product contact surfaces. They shall be removable. conform with 3-A Sanitary Standards For Fittings No gasket groove or gasket-retaining groove shall have Used On Milk And Milk Products And Used On Sani a depth greater than its width and shall not be more tary Lines Conducting Milk And Milk Products. thaH :W' deep nor less than W' wide. The minimum radi- (Effective date August 1, 1958) FORTY-FOURTH ANNUAL MEETING BROWN HOTEL- LOUISVILLE, KY., OCTOBER 8, 9, 10, 1957 (20th Anniversary- Journal of Milk and Food Technology.) / 196 BACTERIOLOGICAL CONDITION OF WATER SUPPLIES IN DAIRY PLANTS' L. G. HARMO Depa·rtment of Dairu tVlichigan Ag1·ict1lt1tml Experiment Stotio11 East Lansi.ng (Received for publication January 21 , 1957) public health purposes, but is inadequate for the Samples of water supplies used in 14 butter and 12 cottage plants dairy processor who requires a more ·complete bacter for total, coliform, lipolytic, proteolytic and psychro we re examined iological analysis which will reveal th~ . presence of populations. Most of the water samples were free ph ilic bacterial de from coliform bacteria but contained psychrophylic, proteolytic and psychrophilic, lipolytic and prot~olytic ~ ~~ganisms lipolytic organisms indicating that the coliform test alone does not trimental to the keeping quality .of dairy products. afford sufficient information about the microbiological condition of water supplies intended for dairy plant use. Water samples taken ExPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE at or near the source where the wa ter entered t he plant usually contained fewer bacte ria than samples taken at the churn door or cheese vat, suggesting contamination of the water lines within t he Water samples were obtained frm'n 14 butter and 12 ind ividual plants. cottage cheese plants and were examined in accord ·' with Standard Methods ( 1 ) recommendations. In all plants, water samples were obtained at the point where condition of th ~ water supply is The bacteriological the water was entering the cheese vat or the churn': important in dairy plant operations. Con extremely When physically possible, and practical from the sani· water is particularly detrimental because taminated tation standpoint, samples were also taken at or near contact with plant water comes in direct equip~ent the point where the water entered the dairy plant. The dairy products, such as butter, cottage and some latter samples were secured in 4 of the cheese and water frequently is used cheese and sherbets. Also 12 of the butter plants. Some plants used municipal condensed or powdered milk which in reconstituting water supplies, others obtained watyr from private The type of organisms pres may not be repastemized. wells, and a few secured water from both private and of the fermentation they may ent, due to the nature n.tmicipal sources. cause, in dairy products are much more important than Total, psychrophilic and coliform bacterial counts total numbers. were performed according to Standard Methods ( 1 ) . I .ipolytic organisms were determined by the method of Several workers hav~ reported on the hazards in Long and Hammer ( 10). Proteolytic bacte1ia were de cmTed when contaminated waters are used in dairy termined on a medium containing 0.2 per cent peptone, plants. Corley et al. ( 4) and Greene and Jezeski ( 7) 0.3 per cent beef extract, 1.5 per cent agar, and 3 per found that many creamery water supplies contained cent sterile skim milk added at the time the plates organisms causing spoVage in butter. Long and Ham were potu-eel. mer ( 11) isolated Pseudom01uts putrefadens, an organism causing putrefactive spoilage in butter, from creamery water samples secured from various states. RESULTS A ' D DISCUSSION Several reports ( 8) , ( 12), ( 13) have mentioned water total, as a source of spoilage organisms in cottage cheese. The individual and logarithmic averages of the psychrophilic, proteolytic, lipolytic and coliform bac The method for examination- of drinking water sup terial counts on samples of water taken from each of es l plies recommended by the United States Public Health the butter and cheese plants are shown in Tabl Service (U.S.P.H.S.) (2) and as routinely performed and 2, respectively. l:y most Health Departments consists of an enumer In the 12 butter and 4 cheese plants where it was ation of coliform bacteria and perhaps an occasional possible to secure water samples at two points, the total count. This information may be sufficient for counts on the water samples taken at or near the source where the water entered the plant usually were sub stantially lower than counts on samples taken at the of these differ 1Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Number churn door or cheese vat. The extent 2012. ences may be observed by comparing the two cow1ts These These data data show show the the importance importance of of water water as as a a cold cold source source water water lines. lines. These These organism~ organism~ a:re a:re often often present present in in or or vat. vat. tidious tidious in in nutrient nutrient requirements requirements and and may may thrive thrive in in lipolsis lipolsis and and proteolysis proteolysis of of pies pies dairy dairy and and products products in in 15 of of are are - the not not - fas 16 16 samples samples taken taken at at the the chum chum systems. systems. Many Many of of the the psychrophilic psychrophilic e:hrophiles e:hrophiles organisms organisms were were found found causing causing in in 13 13 of of the the 16 16 "source" "source" sam- - 2) 2) indicates indicates contamination contamination cqntained cqntained coliform coliform in in most most organisms organisms of of the the pipe pipe in in line line ml.; ml.; 1 1 whereas whereas psy • • • I I in in the the water water passing passing only only through through of of 4 4 the the the the plant plant 26 26 samples samples (Tables (Tables taken taken and and at at the the 1 1 churn churn or or vat vat The The substantial substantial increase increase 16 16 "source" "source" in in samples samples objectionable objectionable showed showed organisms organisms coliform coliform bacteria bacteria and and t t - ( ---- Tables Tables 1 1 and and 2). 2). is is noteworthy noteworthy It It that that none none of of the the water water for for dairy dairy . ~ ~ plant plant . . use the / samples samples taken taken from from each each of of the the two two locations locations determination determination in in serving serving as as an an index index - of of desirability desirability for for and and also also by by comparipg comparipg the the logarithmic logarithmic averages averages of of ducts ducts and and emphasize emphasize the the ineffectiveness ineffectiveness of of the the coliform coliform in in each each of of the the pairs pairs of of samples samples from from of of individual individual plants plants organisms organisms which which may may cause cause spoilage spoilage in in dairy dairy pro = = b b vVat e r r running running into into churn churn = = 'a 'a \Vat e r r at at or or n e ar ar source source at at sampl churn churn e s s 23 23 80 80 3 3 3 3. 1 1 < 1 1 Log. Log. av e rage rage counts counts 12 12 of of sampl e s s at at source source 19 19 4 4 3 3 2 2 < 1 1 Log. Log. av 12 12 e rag of of e e counts counts samples samples 89 89 25 25 1 3 3 12 12 < 1 1 Log. Log. av e rage rage counts counts 26 26 of of L L b b 2500 2500 > 3000 3000 240 240 300 300 < 1 1 c c b b > 3000 3000 > 3000 3000 1200 1200 1400 1400 < 1 1 h h 49 49 6 6 9 9 6 6 < 1 1 N N a a 170 170 10 10 . 5 5 8 8 < 1 1 b b 3 3 < 1 1 2 2 < 1 1 < I I M M a a 1 1 < 1 1 < 1 1 < 1 1 < 1 1 b b 6 6 13 13 9 9 7 7 < 1 1 a a 26 26 2 2 [( [( < I I < 1 1 < 1 1 b b 170 170 4 4 < I I 4 4 < I I a a 21 21 2 2 < 1 1 < I I < 1 1 b b 1900 1900 > 3000 3000 240 240 > 300 300 < 1 1 a a 21 21 38 38 10 10 9 9 < 1 1 b b > 3000 3000 500 500 970 970 210 210 6 6 H H a a 1 1 < 1 1 < 1 1 < 1 1 < 1 1 h h 350 350 210 210 110 110 160 160 < 1 1 a a 7 7 4 4 < p p 1 1 < I I < 1 1 b b 3100 3100 330 330 130 130 280 280 3 3 E E a a 7 7 6 6 I I < 1, 1, < 1 1 h h 1300 1300 210 210 4 3 3 34 34 < I I D D a a 46 46 40 40 20 20 26 26 < 1 1 b b > 3000 3000 110 110 120 120 74 74 < 1 1 c c a a 1400 1400 4 4 < 1: 1: < 1 1 < 1 1 b b 680 680 290 290 220 220 260 260 < 1 1 B B a a 62 62 2 2 < 1 1 2 2 < 1 1 b b 22 22 54 54 6 6 2 2 < 1 1 r r A A a a 4 4 < 1 1 3 3 < 1 1 < 1 1 ·- P!:tnt ,_ ,_ S o ur c e e a a Tot a l l P s yc hr o phili c c Lip o Pr l y :J ti t c c e o lyti c c C o lif o rm rm B a c t e ri a l l COt! COt! Il l S S 1 1 - TABLE TABLE BAOTERIOI . OCICAL OCICAL CoNDITION CoNDITION Vv' Vv' OF OF BuTTER BuTTER PLANT PLANT ATEH ATEH S u P P LIES LIES BACTERIOLOGICAL BACTERIOLOGICAL V I I CONDITION CONDITION OF OF 197 197 ATEH ATEH 198 BACTERIOLOGICAL CONDITION OF WATER large numbers around dairy plants and may invade acidification of water with a harmless acid is effective ' "'·ater systems through the ends of open pipe lines such in destroying water-borne spoilage organisms but care as those commonly found near cheese vats or churn should be exercised to avoid reducing the pH of the doors. This source of contamination could be mini water below 5.0. If the pH is too low there may be ~a , mized by terminating these water lines with a section cianger of corroding pipe lines and imparting metallic ', ' of sanitary pipe and cap which could be readily dis- flavors. Chlorine should be added at a point where connected and sanitized. maximum possible contact time will be permitteo. It Chlorination of water systems is commonly recom is useless to inject chlorine into a water line immedi mended to control water-borne spoilage organisms. ately before the water comes in' contact with a d~iry Elliker ( 6) has suggested the addition of 5 to 10 parts product because the exposure time may not be adequ per million ( p.p.m.) of chlorine to the plant water ate; furthermore, the organic matter may inactivate the supply. The effectiveness of chlorination is partially chlorine if the concentration is not great enough. Davis dependent upon the pH of the water. The pH of the and Babel ( 5) reported that 100 p.p.m. of chlorine 14 water samples secured from butter plants ranged added to water immediately before the water was from 7.35 to 8.10. Collins ( 3) reported on the re t1sed to wash cottage cheese, was ineffective in con lationship between pH and the ability of chlorine to trolling selected organisms of the genera Achromo destroy several common spoilage organisms and bacter, Aerobacter, Alcal:igenes., Pmteus and Pseu showed that 3 to 5 p.p.m. of chlorine was effective in domonas. water at pH 6.0. A combination of chlorination and Pasteurization has been used as a means of render- , TABLE 2 - BA CTERIOLOGICAL CoNDITION OF CoTTAGE CHEESE PLANT \VATER SuPPLIES Bacterial coun ts l'lont Source" Total Psychroph ilic Proteolytic Lipol yti c Coliform c a 8 23 3 7 0:::1 c b 10 9 <1 2 4 R a 22 30 10 10 <1 R h 800 980 10 10 .<1 v · a 30 39 26 30 Log. average counts of 16 samples 49 !50 13 10 <1 Log. average counts of 4 samples at source 24 28 6 16 <1 Log. average counts of 4 samples at vat 71 68 10 13 •a = \•Vater at or near source b ;= 'YVater running into ch eese vat . .. BAcTERIOLOGICAL CoNDITION OF WATER 199 ing contaminated water supplies suitable for use. Sei REFERENCES berling ( 14) has recommended a procedure which was 1. American Public Health Association. Standard Methods for rt'ported to be superior to chemical sanitizers in one the Examination of Da·iry P·roducts. lOth eel. New York. 1953. plant. 2. American Public Health Association. Standard Methods There is a question as to what should be an accep for the Exami·nation of Water, Sewage and Industrial Wastes. table bacteriological standard for dairy plant water lOth eel . New York. 1955. supplies. In 1943 Corley ( 4) recommended that water 3. Collins, E. B. Factors involved in the control of gelatinous curd defects of cottage cheese. II. Influence of pH and tem supplies used in butter plants should: (a) meet U.S. perature on the bactericidal efficiency of chlorine. J. Milk and J'.H.S. drinking water standards; (b) contain a maxi Food Techno!., 18: 189. 1955. mum total count of 50 organisms per ml; and (c) con 4. Corley, R. T ., Long, H. F., and Hammer, B. vV. \Vater tain a maximum of 5 proteolytic and/or lipolytic or Supplies of Butter lvlanufacturing Plants. Ia. Agric. Exp. Sta. ganisms per ml. Res . Bull. 319. Ames. 1943. 5. Davis, P. A., and Babel, F. J. Slime formation of cottage Harper ( 9) has endorsed these standards with the c.: heese. J. Dairy Sci., 37: 176. 1954. rnodification that the total count be limited to 20 or 6. Elliker, P. R. Fine points of sanitation that up cottage ganisms per ml. cheese quality. Food Engr., 26 ( ll) :,. 79. 1954. These recommendations seem reasonable, however 7. Greene, V. \V., and Jezeski , J. J. Influence of tempera only 4 of the 26 samples examined in the work re tt~re on the development of several psychrophilic bacteria of dairy origin. Appl. Microbial., 2: llO. 1954. ' ported herein ( T·a bles 1 and 2) met these standards. 8. Harmon, L. G. , and Smith, C. K. The influence of en The data emphasize the need for focusing attention to vironrnent and processing on spoilage organisms in cottage the bacteriological condition of water supplies utilized cheese. J. Milk and Food T echno!., 19: 252. 1956. in each individual dairy plant and the necessity for 9. Harper, C. H. Dairy plant water problems. Paper pre applying remedial procedures to contaminated waters. sented to 17th Ann. Dairy Mfgrs. Con£. Mich. State Univ., East Lansing. 1956. 10. Long, H. F ., and Hammer, B. vV. ~11ethods for detection of lipolysis by microorganisms. Ia. State Col. J. Sci., 11: 343. Su:tviMARY 1937. ll. Long, H. F . and Hammer, B. vV . Classification of or Most of the water samples obtained from 14 butter ganisms important in dairy products. III. Pseudomonas putre faciens. Ia. Agric. Exp. Sta. Res. Bull. 285. Ames. 1941. and 12 cottage. cheese plants were free from coliform 12. Ma rquardt, J. C. Sanitary aspects of quality cottage bacteria but contained psychrophilic, proteolytic and cheese production. Milk D ealer, 43 ( 4): 82. 1954. lipolytic organisms. Water samples taken at or near the 13. Parker, R. B., Smith, V. N., and Elliker, P. R. Bacteria ~ource where the water entered the plant usually con associated with a gelatinous or slimy curd defect of cottage cheese. J. Dairy Sci., .34: 887. 1951. tained fewer bacteria than samples taken at the churn 14. Seiberling, D. A. and Harper, W. ]. HTST pasteurization door or cheese vat, suggesting contamination of the fer the control of psychrophilic organisms in plant water sup \Vater lines within the individual plants. plies. J. Dairy Sci., 38: 598. 1955. ( Abst.) I, j :ZOO DAT ING OF PASTE URIZED MILK AS A PUBLIC HEALTH MEASURE 1 BY HARoLD B. HomNsON . _: D ivision of Sanita-ry En gin eerin g Seruices, , ,., ' , Milk ancl Food Program , Public H ealth Service, U. S. Department of Health, Education, and '~'e l f are ·D ating of pasteur-ized milk, either by itself or accom ·panie d by a limitation on the length of time it may be sold, is .a provision in the regulations of some States and mtmicipalities. In general, this provision appears most often in the regulations of those jurisdictions v;hich were among the first to institute milk sanitation ::>ctivities. Polikoff ( 7) stated that incorporation of dating requirements fm: pasteurized milk originated before World War I. Of 13 cities studied by him, six had adopted this requirement between 1912 and 1917. _, In this connection, the Milk Ordinance and Code re commended by the Public H ealth Service ( 6 ), while never containing a dating requirement as such, did in early editions, establish 60 hours for the sale of milk after pasteurization. However, this limit was removed in 1934 at the recommendation of the Public Health Service ·Milk Sanitation Advisory Board and has not appeared. .jp any edition since that date. The pU:blic health significance of dating pasteurized milk and of liniiting the time for its sale can best be Harold B. Robinson is Chief of the 1\ll'ilk Sanitation Sec assessed by considering the status of technical knowl tion, Milk and Food Branch, Division of Sanitary Engineer edge during the first decade of the century when milk ing Services, of the Public Health Service, U.S. Department of H ealth, Education, and \'VelfaTe, \•Vashington, D.C. Prior sanitation requirements were evolvin[';, and relating it to this assignment, he served as Regional Milk and Food to the new information that has become available Consultant in the D epartment's regional offices in New and the changes that have occurred in the production, York, D enver, and Chicago. Mr. Robinson is a graduate· o( processing, and marketing of milk. the University of Maryland, and he received the M.S. degree from the same institution, and the M.P.H.':· <;l egree from Milk sanitation - the practice of applying sanitary Columbia University. Prior to joining the Public H ealth measures to safeguard the consuming public from Service, he was employed by the Maryland State Health milk-borne disease - owes its origin to epidemiological Department and the District of Columbia H ealth Depart ment. sh1dies during the l ~s t half of the 19th Century. In 1857, Dr. Michael Taylor ( 8) of Penrith, England, de scribed an outbreak of typhoid fever which occurred in diseases which further confirmed the role that milk that community, and which appeared to be related to could play in their spread. By the end of the century, the consumption of milk from a small dairy. In 1867, a considerable body of knowledge had been brought he made a similar observation regarding an outbreak together regarding the ability of certain pathogenic of scarlet fever. By 1881, milk had been the suspected microorganisms to gain access to milk, survive in it, vehicle in several recorded outbreaks in England, and and produce disease in humans. a compilation of 69 milk-borne epidemics was cited by Mr. Ernest Hart (8) before the International Medi Epidemiological information on the role of contami cal Congress in that year. During this same period, nated milk in the spread of specific diseases was and the rapidly developing science of bacteriology con i5 the fundamental basis for milk sanitation activities. tributed knowledge on the etiology of communicable However, it was not necessarily the sole consideration in the formulation of milk sanitation regulations. Dur ing the latter part of the 19th Century, there evolved !Presented before the lOth Annual ~"leet in g of the Dairy Products Improvement Institute, Inc., held at the Statler Hotel, a legal structure of control over the dairy industry New York, February 14, 1957, which had for its purpose regulating the composition of of tim e e c a nnot nnot b e e provide provide as sesse d prescrib . . A cc ordingl e d d conditions conditions y , , e arly arly conc of of e pts pts tim e e and and t e mp e r a - f a ctor s s in in b ac t e rial rial much much growth. growth. e quipm B y y e nt nt its e th lf e , , a n th e e va si ilabl g nificanc e e was was e e not not d e si g n e t d o o haps , , r e fri duc ge e ration. ration. d . . The The Tim Endicott e e · · studi t e mp ~ es es mel mel e ratur ( ( 2) 2) in in e e ar 1925 1925 e e r e lat show e d d e d d th a t t iz e d. d. milk ization ization , , th e e chang e quipm e e e most most nt nt sinc dir e e - ctl th y y e e involv proc e ss ss e d d was was is , , p first first e r intro , · mprov s i gnificanc e ment ment e e in in of of the the a g e e design design as as a a fa and and c tor tor consh·uction consh·uction in in th e e saf e ty ty of of of of past past e ur e ur much much less less important. important. Although Although First e ach ach , , th of of e r th e e a e has has bo b ee ve ve n n c continu hang e r s e d d e duc e s s th e e tion, tion, processing , , and and mark e ting, ting, wi)l wi)l ha ve ve made made th e m m w ith ith harmful harmful microorganisms. microorganisms. nological nological impro ve ments ments in in a ll ll phas e s s of of milk milk produc opportuniti e s s for for past e uriz e d d milk milk to to b e e contaminat e d d th If If e se se wer e e th e e reasons , , n e w w knowledg e e and and t e ch and and op e ratin g g proc e dm e s , , ha ve ve si g nificantl y y r e duc e d d th e e organisms organisms pr e sent sent and , , h e ~·educ nc e, e, e e th e e risk risk c oupl e d d with with prop e r r cl e aning , , bactericidal bactericidal treatm e nt , , tion tion of of pasteurized pasteurized milk milk would would minimiz e e growth growth of of and and singl e -s e rvic e e containers . . Th e s e e improvem e nts , , actions actions l e ading ading to . . prompt prompt distribution distribution a nd nd consump b ee n n minimiz e b d y y m e chaniz e d d cl e aning aning operations operations milk , , in in milk milk r e gulations . . could could It It b e e postulated postulated that that o n c e e ath·ibut a bl e e to to poorl y y cl e an e d d contain e rs , , have have dating dating and and tim e e limitations limitations for for th e e sale sale of of pasteuriz e d d ant ant contamination , , is is a a thing thing of of the the past , , and and hazards hazards fluenc e d d th e e d e cisions cisions that that l e d d to to th e e incorporation incorporation of of a n d . . b e tt e r r cl ea nabilit y . . Dipp e d d milk , , with with its its att e nd a ted · · during during subs e qu e nt nt op e rations , , ve r y y probabl y y in twn twn a g ainst ainst contamin a tio e e of of th e e pasteuriz e d d product product th e e lik e lihood lihood of of pasteuriz e d d milk milk b e coming coming contamin past e uriz e rs; rs; th e y y hav e e also also provid e d d gr e at e r r prot e c The The last last two two of of th e e abov e e obj e ctions , , tog e th e r r w ith ith in in proc e ssin e g quipm e nt nt ha ve ve not not b e en en limit e d d to to dt1ce dt1ce toxins. toxins. r e sult e d d in in a a high e r r qualit y y product. product. Impro ve m e nts nts typ e s s which which might , , in in th e e cours e e of of their their g rowth , , pro in in milk milk qualit y y b y y d a ir y y farm e rs rs and and proc e ssors , , has has producing producing types types and and left left a a predominance predominance of of proteolytic proteolytic b e tt e r r und e rstanding rstanding of of th e e sanitation sanitation factors factors involv e d d treatm e nt nt of of milk milk b y y past e urization urization kill e d b d e nign nign acid tion tion of of milk. milk. B e tter tter f ac iliti e s s and , , mor e e important , , a a microorganisms. microorganisms. There There was was also also b a e lief lief that that the the h ea t t in v ol ve d d in in tl1 e e production , , proc e ssing , , and and distribu cess e s s as as being being adequat e e to to cl e sh · o y y all all pathog e nic nic Th e e second second major major chang e e is is in in th e e sanitary sanitary practic e s s luctant luctant to to acc e pt pt th e e comm e rcial rcial pasteurization pasteurization pro mdustr y.) y.) a a raw raw milk milk fr ee ee from from dis e as e e hazards . . Oth e rs rs w e r e e r e to to all all Stat e e milk milk sanitation sanitation authoriti e s s and and to to th e e dair y y techniqu e s s could could be be de ve loped loped for for th e e production production of of th e e d e sh · uction uction of of C . . e buTn tii has has , , b ee n n transmitted transmitted expedient expedient to to b e e e mpoy e cl cl onl y y until until su c h h time time as as tion tion at at 161 161 F. F. for for 15 15 s e conds , , was was also also o o ad e quat e, e, for for values values were were impaired , , r e garded garded past e miz a tion tion as as an an f o rmation , , tog e ther ther with with th e e finding finding that that pasteuriza reasons. reasons. Many Many authoriti e f s ee ling ling that that nutritional nutritional b e e ad e quat e e for for its its d e sh'LICtion sh'LICtion in in milk milk ( ( 3). 3). (This (This in Pasteurizati01 i i also also m e t t witl1 witl1 opposition opposition for for oth e r r pr e s e nt , , but but processing processing a t t 145 ° ° F. F. for for 30 30 minutes minutes to to I I did did not not e xtend xtend ke e ping ping quality quality of of th e e product. product. survival survival when when l a rg e e numb e r s s of of this this or g anism anism w e r e e a a process process which which destroy e d d pathogenic pathogenic organisms organisms but but t e urization urization at at 143 ° ° F. F. for for 30 30 minut e s s to to p e rmit rmit som e e c rganisms ." ." In In oth e r r words , , th ey ey would would hav e e pref e rr e d d Both Both laboratory laboratory and and plant plant lev e l l studi e s s showed showed pas the the only only legitimat e e us e e is is to to d e stro y y diseas e -producin g g tion tion of of Coxi e lla lla btl1"n e ti th . i , , e e c a us a ti ve ve agent agent of of Q Q f e ver. ver. keeping keeping quality quality of of milk milk is is an an unfair unfair practic e, e, and and that that r e c e ntl y y confirm e d d in in studi e s s on on th e e th e rmal rmal destruc til.~ til.~ e d d that that employm e nt nt of of past e urization urization to to impro ve ve to to not e e that that th e e ad e quac y y of of th e s e e crit e ri a a has has b ee n n "In "In the the past, past, milk milk inspectors inspectors hav e e sometim e s s maintain t e mp e ratur e, e, short-tim e e quipm e nt . . It It is is inter e sting sting zation zation as as a a questionabl e e practic e . . Hamm e r r ( ( 5) 5) stat e d , , ed ed tl1 e e b a sis sis for for d e v e lopin g g similar similar stand a rds rds for for high educ e e the the dis e as e e risk , , m a n y y official I I s s vi e w e d d past e uri of of d e sign sign crit e ria ria for for vat-t y p e e past e uriz e rs rs and and provid though though also also advocated advocated as as a a public public health health m e asur e e to to lic lic H e alth alth S e rvice rvice ( ( 4) w , , e r e e us e d d in in th e e dev e lopment lopment larg e r r cities cities to to extend extend k ee ping ping quality quality of of milk. milk. Al s tudi e s s by by th e e Offic e e of of Milk Milk In ve stigations stigations of of th e e Pub past e urization urization was was bein e g mploy e d d in in a a numb e r r of of th e e Th e e abo ve ve findings , , to ge th e r r with with oth e r r e quipm e nt nt \Vas \Vas caused caused by by the the growth growth of of bact e ria, ria, and and by by 1900 , , a nific nt . . had had It It also also b ee n n e st a blished blished that that spoilag e e of of milk milk patho ge nic nic microorganisms microorganisms th e n n consid e r e d d to to be be sig t e ct ct the the public public milk-born from e e dis e ase. ase. c es sin g g at at 143 • • F . . for for 30 30 minut e s s would would destroy destroy all all carri e d d over over in in th e e dev e lopm e nt nt of of r e gulations gulations to to r e ctabl pro e, e, and and wh e n n such such corr e ctions ctions w e re re mad e, e, pro and and philosophy philosophy of of thes e e laws laws app e ar ar to to have have d b e monsh ee n n · at e d d that that th e s e e quipm e nt nt d e f e cts cts wer c e or hance hance th e e saleability saleability of of inferior inferior milk . . Both Both th e e cont indicat e nt nt e e a a sa ti s f a ctor y y op e ration . . Th e e study study furth e r r servativ e s , , which which might might b e e us e d d surr e ptitiously ptitiously though though to to e n th e e tim e a e nd nd t e mp e ratur e e controls controls app e ar e d d to to o f f coloring coloring mat e rials, rials, thick e ning ning materials conditions conditions , , and and wh pr e e r e by by pathog e ns ns could could survive survive e ven ven The · se se laws laws w e r e e a t t tim e s s also also conc e rn e d d d e ad ad with with e nds addition addition , , foam , , and and splash , , w e re re found found to to pro v id e e composition composition of of milk milk mad e e l th e ts ts e e milk milk of of continuous-flow continuous-flow unwhol e som e." e." p a st e uriz e rs , , l e aking aking v a lv e s , , appeared appeared to to b e e that that changing changing th e e natural natural i ze d . . Short-circuiting Short-circuiting chemical chemical of of flow flow b e tween tween inl e ts ts and and out of of milk . . As As stat e d d by by Prucha Prucha ( ( " Th 1 1 e e ) ) tur pr , , e e e vailing vailing throughout throughout id e a a th e e e ntir e e bod y y of of milk milk b e ing ing past e ur DATI N G G OF OF PASTEUR 2 I 6i 6i ZED ZED MILK MILK 202 DA;riNG oF PAsTEtmrzEo MrLt<: as to the length of time pasteurized milk might be tation rating officers, and these ratings included in safely sold were, of necessity, conditioned by the stor quarterly lists that are used by many State and local age temperatmes then in use. The great strides that health officers to determine the acceptability of milk refrigeration they receive from other areas. The fact that milk m y have been made in providing mechanical I en the farm, in the processing plant, and in the home, now be transported hundreds of miles without loss of ' , have resulted in prevailing storage temperatures for the properties associated with freshness, is a practical milk today, that could not have been anticipated when manifestation of the vast improvement that has taken early regulations were adopted. place in sanitation and refrigeration of milk supplies. The temperature at which pasteurized milk is held These improvements in sanita'tion and refrigeration would have a d efinite bearing on the need for limit ltave permitted economies in the milk industry through iDg the period during which p~s teurize d milk might the use of every-other-day pick-t{p of milk on farms be sold, if the limitation was predicated on a belief that and a 5-day week for plant operations. Such improve the flora which normally survive pasteurization would ments also provide a pasteurized product having bet produce toxic substances. Whether or not it is true ter keeping quality, but the practice of dating the that these organisms can produce toxins-and there pasteurized milk tends to negate the economic advan is little evidence to show that this has ever occurred tage of a more stable product. Despite the fact that under practical conditions-the lower storage tempera the regulations may permit sale over a longer period, tures that now prevail would certainly substantially most consumers will refuse to accept milk which does extend a period of safety predicated on the storage not bear the date of the day of purchase. Because of conditions of 40 years ago. In this connection, the find this, stores retailing dated milk often order minimum ing that some strains of staphylococci can produce a quantities on the regular delivery for fear of leftovers toxin that will withstand pasteurization even though involving losses, and then order special deliveries if the causative organism is destroyed, suggests a better demands are greater than were anticipated. Such extra explanation for the hazard once associated with old deliveries tend to increase the price of milk. On the pasteurized milk. Several outbreaks of gastroenteritis other hand, when demand is less than was anticipated, have been reported in which the evidence pointed returns to the milk plant are involved. Such returns to a toxin of bacterial origin, and which appeared to must be dumped and the milk diverted into other chan have been produced in the milk prior to, not after, nels, with resulting loss of the closure and, in the case pasteurization. of single-service containers, the container itself. aspeet, dating of pas The elating of milk has one other facet that merits In addition to the economic at times led to situations presenting consideration-that is the matter of consumer reaction. teurized milk has In some instances, clue to the At present, this is believed to be the leading force in public health hazards. plants are permitted to the retention of elating requirements. Freshness has limited time pasteurization pasteurization, they are required always been recognized as a desirable ath·ibute of milk make deliveries after everal hours before the stores and certainly, no one can contend that age makes milk to make store deliveries s The milk is set in the front , better. The consumer associates off-flavors and other open in the morning. protection from the heat, dogs, cats, undesirable characteristics with old milk, and regards doorway without until the store is opened and dating as a means of assuring a fresh product. How birds, and street grime, frigerated display cases at the leisure ever, freshness, in t {)rms of age, relates to the time the milk put in re ere g lass bottles without tam of production-not pasteurization. As cities have of the storekeeper. Wh are involved, a very serious objec grown larger, it has been necessary to go farther and per-proof closures in the temptation to surrepti farther afield to obtain adequate supplies of milk. tion has been observed e caps by hand in stores and on There are now in existence situations where milk is tiously change bottl Hand-capping under any condition picked up in a bulk h·ansport tank from a farm and delivery tlucks. milk and must be considered a ser transported over a thousand miles to the pasteuriza may contaminate hazard. tion plant. In fact, the problems associated with the ious public health i11spection of such distant sources became so acute a These disadvantages are believed to be more signi few years back, that the Conference of State and T erri ficant than any advantage that may now be claimed torial Health Officers requested the Public H ealth for the dating of pasteurized milk, and were, in all Service to assist in the development of an interstate probability, among the considerations that led the Pub milk shipper certification plan. You may recall that lic Health Service Milk Sanitation Advisory Board; in this plan was discussed at your 5th Annual Meeting on 1934, to conclude that requii·ements limiting the time January 17, 1952 (9). Since that time, the program of sale of pasteurized products was not of sufficient has progressed and there a re now over 500 shippers significance to merit recommending them on a nation whose supplies are routinely rated b y State milk sani- wide basis. 5 . . Hamm e r , , B . . \V. \V. Dair y y Ba c t e riology. riology. John John \ • V il ey ey Son s, s, R e pt s, s, & & 67 67 ( 3 ( ) : : 260-67 , , 1952 . . l),,ir y y and and Insp ec tors. tors. 1931. 1931. Int e r s t < 1t e e Milk Milk Shipm ~ · !ilk !ilk e nts. nts. R e print print No . . 3170, 3170, Pub. Pub. H e a lth lth iPg iPg T y p e . . 20th 20th Annu a l l R e port , , Int e 9. 9. rnational rnational Sch ee l e As , , s o c A. A. iation iation and and of of Hanson, Hanson, H. H. G. G. L. L. Na ti ona l l Prog r am am for for p e ratur e e Behavior Behavior of of Milk Milk Past e uri ze rs rs Sanitary Sanitary of of th e e S 30 30 c i e n ce ol · · . . Th Hold e e MacMillan MacMillan Co. ~vlinut , , N.Y., N.Y., e e p. p. 218, 218, 1 935. 935. J. , , 4. 4. Fr a nk, nk, C. , , Moss , , F. F. and and 8. 8. L L. L. Pr e F e E. E. e scott, scott, vr e, e, P S. S. . . C. , , Th a nd nd e e T Horwood e m , , M. M. P. P. S e dgwick ' s s Principles Principles th <:: <:: Past e urization urization of of M ilk. ilk. (In (In Pr e ss ) . . 22 , , 1952. 1952. Th e C rm e ntral ntral a l l In A acti tl anti v a ti c c on on St a of of t e s s Asso Coxi.ella Coxi.ella c . . of of Food Food burn and and e tii tii a nd nd Drug Drug it s s R Officials e l ation ation , , to to May May vV. vV. J. J. 3. 3. fi t t Enright to to th e e , , P ubli B. c? c? , , Pr Sadl e s e e nt r , , e d d at at W. the the , , and and 36 th th Thomas A nnual nnual , , M ee ting ting C. C. Th of of e e th e e R. R. 7. 7. Polikoff, Polikoff, Harry. Harry. Th e e Dating Dating of of U.S. U.S. Milk-A Milk-A Public Public Burden Burden H e J J a lth lth or or S Ben e r v i e c e . . ~ 1925 7, 7, . . 2. 2. Comm e r c ial ial Past e uri z ation. ation. 229 229 Pub li ( ( c c 3rd 3rd H e Pdnting). Pdnting). alth alth Bull e 1955. 1955. tin tin N o. o. . Ronald Ronald Th e e Press, Press, Publi c c N.Y. N.Y. Health Health 1946. 1946. S e rvic e . . Publi c c Health Health Servic e e Publication Publication 6. 6. Milk Milk Ordinanc e e And And Code-1953 Code-1953 Recomm e nda ti ons ons Of Of 1. 1. Bartl e tt, tt, R. R. W. W. Th e e Indu s try . . ( Chapt e r r ~ · !ilk !ilk 14) , , Th e e In c., c., N. N. Y. Y. 1st 1st Ed . . 1928. 1928. R E FEREN C ES ES DATING DATING OF OF PASTEURIZED PASTEURIZED MILK MILK <' <' 204 AFFILIATES OF MicmGAN AssociATION OF SANITARL\XS International Association of Milk and Food Sanitarians l'·res., Orville Nelson ...... Rockford 1st. Vice-.t:'res., William Wade ...... Flint AMERICAN INDIAN SANITARIANS Directors: 2nd V-i.ce-Pres., Robert Dalton .... Lan.sini AssOCIATION Emmitt Dozier ...... Jacksonville Sec.-'J'reas., Robert Lyons, Lansing-Ing- Pres., Joseph Medina .... Bernallilo, N. M. Austin Graham ...... Winter Haven h:-t m Connty H ealth Dept., City Hall. 1st. Vice-Pres., Thomas ]. Stevens Lillian Pomar ...... ] acksonville Room 207, Lansing...... Packer, Arizona ]. D. Robinson ...... Plant City Recording Secmtmy, Dr. Frank Peabody, 2nd. Vice-Pres., John Adams S. D . Williams ...... Jacksonville Dept. Microbiology and Public ...... Dodson, Montana Laboratory Section Clwirman: Healtl1, Mich. State University, Sec.-Treas., Frank C. Estes Mrs. Ruth Vrooman East Lansing...... Sisseton, South Dakota ...... North Miami Beach Di!-ectors: · At~ditor: Verlyn Owen GEORGIA CHAPTER OF THE Past P-res. , Dr. Clyde K. Smith ...... Rosebud, South Dakota INTERNATIONAL AssOCIATION OF l'vliLK ...... East Lansing Ken Kerr .:...... Grand ARIZONA AssociATION OF AND Foon SANITARIANS, INc. Rapids MILK AND FooD SANITAmANs Pres., Carl 'Williams ...... Rome Ronald Leach ...... Corunna Ferris Smith ...... Kalamazoo Pres., George R. Griffin ...... Douglas Vice-Pres., Elco Morris ...... Atlanta Sec.-Treas., John ]. Sheuring, Arrnin Roth ...... Wyandotte P.,-es.-Elect., Perry J. Klumph .... Phoenix Dairy Dept., U. of Georgi-a, Ralph Moore ...... Ada Set;. -Treas., Henry Ware, 2237 N. 14th ...... Athens MINNESOTA SANITARIANS ASSOCIATION Place, Phoenix. Bom·d of Directors: Exectttive Board: S. E. Region ...... Frank Golden Pres ., J. J. Jezeski ...... St. Paul 0. V. Cooper ...... Phoenix E. C. Region ...... Henry Walker Vice-Pres., E. C. Sparen .... Grand Rapids Hiram Shouse ...... Phoenix W. C. Region ...... Milton Moore Sec.-T.,-eas., G. H. Steele. Minnesota De- N. E. Region ...... Keith Fitch partment of Agricnltme, .'il5 State AssoCIATED ILLINOIS MILK SANITARIANS Office Building, St. Pnul. l\linnesota. S. W. Region ...... ]esse Piland Directors: Pres., Paul N. Hanger ...... Springfield N. W . Region ...... ]. R. Shurling P1·es.-Elect, Stephen ]. Conway, Chicago H. E. Birdsall ...... St. Paul , 1st. Vice P1·es., Robert W. Coe IDAHO SANITARIANS AssociATION R. W. Koivisto ...... Bertha ...... Rock Island Pres., C. }. Hammond ...... Boise Chester Ness ...... Litchfield 2nd Vice Pres., Gilbert G. Gibson 1st. Vice-Pres .• Orlando Dalke ...... Boise E. C. Omundson ...... Albert Lea ...... Chicago Sec. -T-reas ., Jack C. Ross, Panhandle 0 . M. Osten ...... Minneapolis Sec.-Treas., P. Edward Riley, Illinois Dist. Healtl1 D ept., Sandpoint. R. ]. Schneider ...... Rochester D ept. of Public Health, 1800 W . INDIANA ASSOCIATION OF i\tlJsSOURI AssOCIATION OF l\hLK AND Fillmore St., Chicago. MILK AND FooD ~ AN ITARIANS FooD SANITAIHA Ns Sergeant-at-Arms, Howard McGuire Pres., David E. Hartley .... Indianapolis ...... Champaign P·res.-Elect, William Komenich .... Gary Pres. , Bernie Hartman ...... Kansas City Exewtive Board Members: 1st. Vice-P·res., Harold S. Adams 1st. Vice-P-res., Vernon Cupps .. Lebano11 C. A. Abele ...... Evanston ...... Indianapolis 2nd. Vice-Pres., 0. D. Niswonger, Jr. Harry Cohen ...... Chicago 2nd V·ice P.,-es., Samuel T. Elder ...... Poplar Bluff Sec.-Treas., John H. McCut At~ditors: ------·---···----··--·--··--· --· Evansville chen. Director Norman F. Cree ...... Chicago Sec., Karl K. Jones, 1330 W. Michigan Bureau of Food and Drugs Divisio,, Louis W. Pickles ...... Peoria St., ...... Indianapolis of Health, Jefferso n Ci ty, !11o. Treas., Clarence L. Taylor .. Indianapolis A11ditnrs: CALIFORNIA AssociATION oF DAmY Gerald Cook .. Fred AND MILK SANITAniANS At1di.to·rs: !. ericktown. Mo. Vincent V. Kiser ...... Bluffton Tom Baker ...... 38 Topping Lane, Pres., E. R. Eickner ...... San Francisco Kirkwood, Missouri. 1st Vice-Pms., W . N. Wedell Arman Shake ...... Vincenne~ ...... Riverside IowA AssociATION OF NEw YORK STATE AssociATION OF 2nd Vice-Pres., H. H. Herspring MILK SANITARIANS MILK SANHARTANS ...... Oakland Pres., Burt Haglan ...... Cedar .Rapids Pres., Dr. Ceo. H. Hopson Sec.-Treas., E. L. Samsel Vice-Pres., Lyle Cunningham ...... · ... Poughkeepsie ...... San Jose City Health Dept...... Des Moine:; Pres. -Elect, William 0 . Sk,inner 285 S.E . Market St., San Jose, Calif. Sec.-Trcas., Ray Belknap, State Health Regio ...... : ·White Plains nal Directors : Dept., Des Moines, Iowa. Sec. -Treas. , R. P. March T. Christenson ...... Fresno Executi.ve Board: ...... 118 Stocking Hall, Cornell U ., P. J. Dolan, Jr ...... Sacramento Dr. M. P. Baker ...... Ames Past Pres., S. Gavurin ...... Los Angeles ...... Ithaca Grover Seeberger ...... "1\lason City Members of the Board: CoNNECTICUT AssociATTO:-<' OF KA NSAS AssociATION OF MILK James C. White ...... Ithaca DArRY & Foon S t~:N TT.-IRIANs SANITARIANS Robert Metzger ...... Syracuse Pres., Eaton E. ·Smith ...... Hartford P1·es., Dean Duke ...... Marion Walter H. Grunge ...... N.Y.C. Vice-Pres., Orrin P. Snow .. Wallingford William Gay ...... Owego Sec., H. Clifford Goslee. Vice-Pres., Augustine Sauer .... Sabetha ...... 256 Palm St., Hartford 2nd Vice-P1·es., Samuel Hoover ...... t onTH D AKOTA AssociATION OF Tre(ts., Curtis \ V. Chaffee ...... Hartford ...... Junction City SANITARIANS DAmY SANITARIANS AssociATION OF Sec.-Treas., FrankL. Kelley, Kansns State P·res., Jolm E. Fields ...... Dickinson THE DEL-MAR-VA PENNrNSUAL~ Board of Health, Topekn Sec.-Treas., John E. Lobb, 317 Griffin Pres., Dr. H arry G. Ricker, Jr...... Auditors; ...... Rehoboth Beach, Del. Cal Emerson ...... Pratt ...... Bismark Vice-Pres ., Carlton Parker D an Evans ...... Kansas City ...... Greensboro, Mel . OREGON ASSOCIATION OF l\ IJT.JC Sec., Richard J. Weaver, KENTUCKY AssociATION OF MILK SANITA!P .\XS .... 422 Wheeler Blvd., Oxford, Pa. AND FooD SANITARIANS Pres., Roy Stein ...... Corwallis Treas., Dr. J. M. Jaqueth Pres., Louis Smith ...... Louisville Vice-Pres., Kenneth Carl ...... Salem ...... Betterton, Md. Vice-Pres., Frank K. Ball ...... Newport Sec.-Treas., Archie !IIi ncr, 568 Olive Sec.-Treas., Frnnk H. Osborn, 1051 East Street, Eugene, Oregon, Eugene FLoRIDA AssociATION oF Mn.K Mnin St., Louisville. Farmers Creamery. AND Fooo SANITARIANS Direr.tnrs: At~ditors: Pres., Dwight Lichty .... West Palm Beach J. M. Durhin ...... Louisville AI Tiesdal ...... Salem Vice-Pres., J. S. Massey ...... Pensacola Phil Wilson ...... ______Lexington Grover C. Poe ...... Portland Sec.-Treas., W. A. Krienke, Dairy Dept., T. R Freeman ...... T.ex in!!tnn Exeet~tive Committee: U. of Florida ...... Gainesville A. P. Bell ...... Louisvill r> Spencer George ...... Tillamook PM.t-PfY!S, S. 0. Noles ...... Jacksonvllie L. E. MayhuJdl ...... Louisville H. E . Killion ...... Portland 6 6 Tomahawk , , Wisconsin Wisconsin 1 2 2 Springfield , , Missouri Missouri Solar Solar P e rmanent rmanent Company Company . Paul Paul Mueller Mueller Company Company 600 , , and and 700. 700. MK MK 100 , , 150 , , and and 250. 250. H.-1000. H.-1000. Model Model Nos. Nos. DKS DKS 100 , , 150 , , 2 00 , , 250 , , 300, 300, 400 , , 500 , , RF-500 , , R-400 , , R-500 , , R-600 , , R-800 , , and and 4 4 Madison , , ·wisconsin ·wisconsin CF0-375, CF0-375, CFA-375 , , R-300 , , RF-375 , , CF0-500 , , Nos. Nos. ~1od C-100, C-100, e l l CFA-180 Dair , , y y CF0-250 Equipment Equipment , , CFA-250 Company Company , , 11 11 Chicago, Chicago, Illinoi NUMBER NUMBER s s CONCERN CONCERN A DDRESS DDRESS ! ! ·' ·' • • Creamery Creamery AUT P ac kag HORIZATIO e e Mfg. Mfg. Co Co N N . . ties. ties. HOLDING HOLDING AND/OR AND/OR COOLING COOLING TANKS TANKS Models: Models: D e Luxe Luxe and and Scotsman , , various various capaci Standards. Standards. 10 10 Millville, Millville, P e nnsylvania nnsylvania Girton Girton e quipm Manufacturing Manufacturing en t t conforming conforming Company Company t o o pertinent pertinent 3 -A -A Sanitary Sanitary a nd nd 0 0 (Cylindrical). (Cylindrical). considered considered a a comnlete comnlete ro s t e r r of of co nc erns erns which which off er er !vlodel !vlodel Nos . . R R cil. cil. (True (True Th e e rectangular), rectangular), Council Council e mphasi U U (U-bottom) (U-bottom) zes zes that that this this is is not not to to b e e 3-A 3-A 8 8 Sanitary Sanitary Standards Standards Symbol Symbol Van Van Nuys Administrative Administrative , , California California Coun Symbol Symbol to to th e e mod e ls ls of of eq uipm en t t list e d , , by by th e e Stainl ess, ess, Inc . . hav e e b ee n n g rant e d d authorization authorization to to affix affix th e e 3-A 3-A and and 18-1000. 18-1000. The The conce rns rns th e e names names of of which which are are list ed ed below below · · ;\ 1 [od el el Nos. Nos. 1-1000 , , 2 -1000 , , 3-1000 , , 4-1000, 4-1000, 5-1000 , , , . . AUTHORIZATIONS AUTHORIZATIONS TO TO USE USE THE THE 3 - A A SYMBOL SYMBOL NEWS NEWS RND RND EVENTS EVENTS Lige Lige Fox Fox ...... ( ( . 1 1 yr) yr) Don Don Hart Hart ...... Sun Sun Prairie Prairie H e rman rman A. A. Matheny Matheny ...... Covington Covington W . . W. W. Clarkson Clarkson ...... (2 (2 yr) yr) Alvin Alvin Noth Noth ...... . . Reedsburg Reedsburg W . . E. E. Creech Creech ...... Morristown Morristown L. L. M. M. Hollar Hollar .. .. : : ...... ( ( 3 3 yr ) ) Directors: Directors: Section Section Council: Council: Auditors: Auditors: 1 1 Secretary, Secretary, David David H . . Evans Evans ...... Austin Austin Past Past Pres ., ., Robert Robert M. M. Keown Keown ...... Elkhorn Elkhorn ...... 1490 1490 Lambuth, Lambuth, Jackson Jackson ...... Fort Fort Worth Worth S ec.-T1·eas . , , R. R. A. A. Rhode s s istry istry Bldg ., ., U . . of of Wis Wis ...... Madison Madison Vice-Chairman, Vice-Chairman, Don Don Shaddox Shaddox Pre s. -Elect, -Elect, Arthur Arthur M. M. Sec Teefer Teefer . -Treas. .. .. Memphis Memphis , , L. L. Wayne Wayne Brown, Brown, 421 421 Chem- Chainnan, Chainnan, Carl Carl H . . Scholle Scholle ...... Dallas Dallas Pre s., s., John John P . . Montgomery Montgomery ...... Dresden Dresden Vice-Pres., Vice-Pres., James James T . . Judd Judd ...... Shawano Shawano HEAL HEAL AssOCIA AssOCIA Til Til TJOX TJOX P · r es., es., Burdett e e Fisher Fisher ...... ...... Kiel Kiel SANITATION SANITATION SECTION SECTION TEXAS TEXAS PUBLIC PUBLIC SANITARIANS SANITARIANS t~Jie t~Jie Gt'/f~i;; TENNESSEE TENNESSEE ··:::::: AssOCIATION AssOCIATION ::::: :::::::::::::::: : :::: :::: OF OF AND AND Foon Foon SANITARIA~s SANITARIA~s WISCONSIN WISCONSIN AsSOCIATION AsSOCIATION OF OF MILK MILK Auditors: Auditors: ...... Sioux Sioux Falls Falls Wyo. Wyo. Elected Elected memb e r , , Ray Ray Kall emey n n Fred Fred Benn e tt tt ...... . .. .. Seattle Seattle State State Dept. Dept. of of Health , , Oheyenne , , Past Past Pr es., es., Ira Ira DeHaai DeHaai ..... ...... . . Spearfish Spearfish Harold Harold Janz en en ...... Yakima Yakima Sec.-Treas., Sec.-Treas., John John E. E. Guinn, Guinn, V\ Tyom ing ing Executive Executive Board Board ...... Salt Salt Lake Lake City, City, Utah Utah At~.ditors: At~.ditors: ...... State State Dept. Dept. of of . Health , , Pierr e e 2nd 2nd Vice Vice Pres., Pres., Pad Pad Freebairn Freebairn Sec.-Treas., Sec.-Treas., Louis Louis E. E. Remily Remily Dept. , , Public Public Safety Safety Bldg. , , Seattle ...... Pueblo, Pueblo, Colo. Colo. P1·es.-Elect, P1·es.-Elect, Ch a rles rles Halloran Halloran ...... Pierr e e S ec. -Treas ., ., Frank Frank W. W. Logan , , City City Health Health Vice-Pres., Vice-Pres., Charles Charles Walton Walton Pres. , , Howard Howard Froiland Froiland ...... Aberdeen Aberdeen Pr es. -Elect, -Elect, C. C. C . . Prouty Prouty ...... Pullman Pullman ...... Sheridan, Sheridan, Wyo . . Pres.-Elect, Pres.-Elect, Carl Carl Rasmussen Rasmussen Pres. , , James James G. G. Greenway Greenway ...... Seattle Seattle ~ ~ OF OF SANITARIANS SANITARIANS Pres., Pres., E. E. Wm. Wm. Polzen Polzen ...... Denver, Denver, Colo. Colo. SouTH SouTH DAKOTA DAKOTA AssociATION AssociATION AssociATION AssociATION oF oF MILK MILK ANn ANn Foon Foon SANI TARIANS TARIANS WASHINGTON WASHINGTON MILK MILK SANITARIANS SANITARIANS RocKY RocKY MouNTAIN MouNTAIN AssoCIATION AssoCIATION J. J. P. P. Still Still ...... Orangeburg Orangeburg ...... Providence Providence J. J. W. W. Mosohler Mosohler ...... Richmond Richmond Rudolph Rudolph McCormack McCormack ...... Ridgeland Ridgeland Treas., Treas., Dr. Dr. Thomas Thomas J . . Grenan, Grenan, Jr. Jr. A. A. L. L. Turn er er ...... Richmond Richmond Alan Alan Kolb Kolb ...... Columbia Columbia wich wich Ave ., ., ...... Warwick Warwick Auditors: Auditors: W. W. W. W. Vincent Vincent ...... Conway Conway Sec., Sec., Dr. Dr. Richard Richard M. M. Parry, Parry, 158 158 Green- J. J. D. D. Kirby Kirby ...... Greenwood Greenwood Vice-Pres., Vice-Pres., Charles Charles Ross Ross ...... Providence Providence ...... Richmond Richmond Jam es es H . . Moor e e ...... Charleston Charleston Pres., Pres., Dr . . James James W. W. Cobble Cobble .. Health, Health, . . . Kingston Kingston State State Offic e e Bldg ., ., Sec. - T1·eas ., ., J. J. F . . Pace, Pace, State State Dept . . of of Dir OF OF ec tors: tors: DAIRY DAIRY AND AND Fooo Fooo SANITARIANS SANITARIANS lUi lUi onE onE I sLAN D D AssociATION AssociATION ...... Staunton Staunton 53 02 , , Five Five Points Points Station . . Columbia . . 2 nd. nd. V ice- Pres., Pres., T. T. L. L. Anderson Anderson Treas., Treas., 0 C . . . . Herbster Herbster ...... Selinsgrove Selinsgrove Sec.-Treas., Sec.-Treas., C. C. W. W. Harrell , , 0 P. P. . . Box Box Sec., Sec., Walter Walter ...... Aruold Aruold ...... Vanderbilt Vanderbilt Danville Danville ...... ...... ...... Sumter Sumter Vice-Pres., Vice-Pres., 1st. 1st. Vice-Pres., Vice-Pres., Alan Alan Miller Miller E. E. H ...... Phillippe Phillippe ...... Oxford Oxford Vice-Pr es . , , Marshall Marshall Hildebrand Hildebrand Pres., Pres., Pres . , , Homer Homer M. M. Young Young K. K. Cook Cook ...... Glenshaw Glenshaw Roanoke Roanoke Pres . , , T. T. P. P. Anderson Anderson ...... Columbia Columbia TION TION AssocL~ AssocL~ SANITARIANS AND AND , , Foon Foon IN c. c. SANITARIANS SANITARIANS PENNSYLVANIA PENNSYLVANIA DAIRY DAIRY SANITARIANS SANITARIANS SoUTH SoUTH CAROLINA CAROLINA AssoCIATION AssoCIATION VIRGINIA VIRGINIA OF OF AssoCIATION AssoCIATION OF OF MILK MILK AFFILIATES AFFILIATES 206 NEws AND EvENTs 30, 40, 50, 60, 80, and 100; Models: "L" 150 to 1500 gal; "S" 150 to 300 gal. Models: L-15, 20, 40; WS-2, 3, and 4. Cherry-Burrell Corporation LS-15, 20, 30, and Corporation 13 Little Falls, New York C. E. Howard South Gate, California Models: Kold-Vat FTC, FTC-1, and K. 51 Models. "H," "K," "HS," and "KS. " Zero Sales Corporation Harverly Equipment Div. - John ' Vood Co. 16 ' Vashington, Missouri 55 Syracuse, New York ?viodel No. T-20. ::-.ifodels: HB-100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 400, 500, 600, r Mfg. Co. Whirlpool Seege 700, and 1000. St. Paul, Minnesota 18 Houston Fearless Div. - Color Corp. of America , ifC-300PX, Model Nos. MC-150PX, MC-200PX (Formerly McHale Mfg. Co.) , .tviC-600PX, and MC-400PX, MC-500PX 56 Los Angeles, California MC-700PX. .'dodels: Pioneer No. 840 and Forty-Niner No. Bi'oW:n Equipment Company 840. 19 Coalville, Utah The Pfaudler Company Models: Dairy King Bl50, B200, B250, B300, 57 Rochester, New York B350, B400, B500, B600, B700, B800, B900, Models: DS-15, 18, 20, 25, 180, and 250. BlOOO, Bl500, and B2000. Schweitzer's Groen Manufacturing Co. 58 Pipestone, Minne'sota , 22 Chicago, Illinois ~ ·.. i\II odels: BC, SW, and SH. Models: RW, RW2, and RW3: 100, 150, 205 and Jamesway Sani-Kool Corporation . 275 gal. W and WL: 300, 400, 50CF, and 600 61 Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin gal. TW: 300, 400, 500, and 600 gal. Models: FK 160, 210, 300, 400, 1600, and 2100; Wilson Refrigeration, Inc. FK16EOD, FK21EOD, and FK500EOD; 24 Smyrna, D elaware SK150, 200, 250, and 300. sportation Models: WB 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 375, 500, . Stainless Steel Automotive Milk Tran Up 600, and 700. Tanks For Bulk DeliveTy And/Or Farm Pick- rvice - 0501 Cherry-Burrell Corporation Se as Metal Products, Inc. 33 Cedar Rapids, Iowa Atl Hartford, Conn. Model Nos. FTM-120-EOD, FTM-120-D, FTM- 64 FPSS, FPFS, FPT and MTT. 185-EOD, FTM-185-D, FTM-285-EOD, Model Nos. ent Company FTM-285-D, FTM-285-EOD, and FTM-285 Dairy Equipm Madison, Wise. -D. 66 Capacities of 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1200, Craft Manufacturing Co. 1500,1700,1800, 1900, 2000, 2200, 2300, 36 Chicago, Illinois 2400, 2500, 3000, 3500, 40QO, 4500 and :Models: CM 135, 190, 265, 330, 400, 440, 600, and 5000 gallons. 800. Mojonnier Bros. Co. Illinois 41 Chicago, PAPERS PRESENTED AT AFFILIATE 300-J; .) i'vlodels: 100-, 150-, and 200-F; 250- and ASSOCIATION MEETINGS 400-N; 500-, 600-, and 800-L; 1000- and 1200 : The following listing of subjects presented at meet -D; 1500-G, 200-, 300-, 4QO-, 500-,600-, and Editorial Note ings of Affiliate Associations is provided as a service to the Associa 800-V. tion memb ership. Anyone who desires information on any subject is .c. con Van-Vetter, In e r ~ courag e d to write to the Secretary of the Afifliate Association . 42 Seattle, Washington cern ed for th e address of the speaker. Information desired then may may be ava ilable Models : VVS-115 to 1000. VVSS-115 to 300. be requested from the speaker (a copy of the paper Miller Metal Products for the asking ). OF DAIRY AND FooD 48 Wichita, Kansas CoNNECTICUT AssociATION INc. Models: "R" and "S" SANITARIANS, ting, January 16, 1957 ) De Lavel Separator Co. (Thirty-second Annual Mee Goslee, Sec., 256 Palm St., Hartford, 49 Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Mr. H. Clifford Model Nos. Da-180, 250, and 375; D-250 and 375; Conn. C ont1'0ls. Richard Eglinton. DR-375; R-300, 400, 500, 600, 800, and 1000. Bacteriological LaboratoTy Curtis W. Chafee. Emil Steinhorst & Sons., Inc. Butterfat Testing Regulations. ·icultu1·e. Joseph N. Gill. 50 Utica, New York Current Top·ics ·in Ag1 NEWS AND EVENTS 207 Food Sanitation. Louis A. King. Making Fieldwork More Effective. Frank Birch Current Topics in Food and Dmgs. Attilio R. Frassinel What the Fieldman Slwuld Know about the Mastitis li. Pmblem in 1957. Joseph Simon Feedy Flavo1·s Are Expensive. Professor James C. The Urgency of Meeting Quality Requirments in White. 1957. H . J. Weavers RHODE IsLAND AssociATION OF DAIRY AND FooD Milk Flavors and Their Control. Myron P. Dean SANITARIANS Practical Feeding Schedules to Control Feed Flavors. (Annual Meeting, February 20, 1957) George M. Werner Dr. Richard M. Parry, Sec., 158 Greenwich Ave., War Intake Inspection. William Mair wick, R.I. What Research Tells Us about MeteTs for Mea.ntring Bulk Tank Opemtions. A panel discussion .. Moderator, Milk fmm Bulk Tanks. S. Witzel Dr. James W . Cobble Practical Experiences in Milk Measurements. Norman Installation and Maintenance of Farm Tanks. Kirschbaum Arthur Frink What Research Tells Us about the Performances of Tank Tmck Opemtions. Clayton Kibbe Bulk Tanks. Calvin Cramer .. Quality Control of Milk. Carl Johnson What about 3A Standm·ds for Farm Milk Handling Communicable Disease in Venezuela. Professor War Equip1nent? C. K. Luchterhand ren Stoner Making Reciprocal Inspection Work. Karl Mohr Getting People to Understand. Richard Eo. Sullivan AssociATED ILLINOIS Mnx SANITARIANS (Fall Conference, December 10, 1956) Mr. P. E. Riley, Sec., Dept of Public Health, 1800 W. Filmore St., Chicago, Ill. Bulk Tank Tmck Problems and a Look to the Future. Gilbert A. Ill}se Automation and CIP Cleaning in Milk Pasteurization Plants and Receiving Stations. John E. Yonts The Fieldmnn and Tbe Fm·mer. Ralph Johnson Env·ironmental Sanitation in the Juvenile Deliquency Progmm. Edward P. Hopper Contml Factors in the Manufacture of Cottage Cheese. Dr. Fred J. Babel Constntctive Suggestions for Milk Plant and Dairy Farm Inspections. Harold Wainess AssociATED ILLINOIS Mnx SANITARIANS ; (Annual Spring Conference, June 3, 1957) Mr. P,. E. Riley, Sec., Dept. of Public Health, 1800 W. Filmore St. , Chicago, Ill. Milk Flavors, Good and Bad. Dr. Ernest 0. Herreid Typical Causes of Food Borne Outbreaks. Dr. T. J. PROFESSOR A. C. RAGSDALE RECEIVES King · HONORARY DOCTOR DEGREE Rodent Contml and I-nsect Control. Emmett Champion Culver-Stockton College awarded Prof. A. C. Rags Making a Dairy Farm Inspection Where C. I. P. Pipe dale, chairman of the University of Missouri dairy lines m·e used. James A Meany department at Columbia, an honorary doctor of science Pmblems Involved ·in the Development of Suitable degree at its annual commencement here this morn Plastics for the Dairy and Food Industry. Dr. D. F. ing. President Fred Helsabeck conferred the honor. Sidall · The degree was granted Prof. Ragsdale in recogni I Mastitis and Public Health. Dr. C. A. Brandly . ~ tion of his professional scientific achievements and ! WisCONSIN DAIRY PLAL' DONAL D H. WI LLIAMS AP POINTED TECHNICAL DIRECTOR OF .DAIRY INDUSTRIES SUPPLY ASSOC IATION The appointment of Donald H. Williams as Techni cal Director of Dairy Indusu·ies Supply Association, effective June first, has been made known in a n ews announcement from the \iVashington, D.C., headquar ters of the national u·ade association of dairy industrial suppliers and equippers. He succeeds Dr. John L. Barnhart, announcement of whose resignation to retmn to dairy collegiate e du ACCEPTS WILLI AM V. HICKEY c-ational work recently was made. NEW POS ITION A native of Washington, D.C., Mr. Williams comes William Vincent Hickey, former director of the Di to DISA from International Association of Ice Cream vision of Foods and Sanitary Engineering of the Salt Manufacturers, with which he has held a' technical Lake City ( Utah ) Board of H ealth, has been appoint and consulting post for the past six years. Dming ed Field Sanitarian by tl1e Paper Cup and Container much of this period he has been very active in work Institute, Homer N. Calver, Secretary of tl1e Institute's of the 3-A Sanitary Standards for Dairy Equipment Public Health Committee, announced today. committees, a program in which he will now become Mr. Hickey, who has been active in national public a key staff figure. health organizations for the past 16 years, is second Don H. Williams )'VaS grf:l duated as a dairy techno vice president of the International Association of Milk; logist from the lTniyersity of Maryland in 1938. He ials ials used used as as product product contact contact surfaces surfaces in in dairy dairy equip- daughters. daughters. milk milk products products venders; venders; rubber rubber and and rubber - like like mater · · He He is is survived survived by by his his widow, widow, two two sons, sons, and and two two pasteurizers; pasteurizers; coin coin operated operated bulk bulk fluid fluid milk milk and and fluid fluid and and the the Commissioned Commissioned Officers Officers Association. Association. fluid fluid milk milk products; products; non-coil non-coil type type stainless stainless steel steel batch batch ternational ternational Association Association of of Milk Milk and and Food Food Sanitarians , , · l Separators , , standardizers standardizers and and clarifiers clarifiers for for milk milk and and ber ber were were the the American American Public Public Health Health Association, Association, In and and supply: supply: Among Among the the organizations organizations of of which which he he was was a a mem I' I' for for the the following following items items of of dairy dairy industrial industrial equipment equipment lar lar Corps Corps as as Senior Senior Sanitary Sanitary Engineer . . tions , , of of existing existing or or tentative tentative 3-A 3-A Sanitary Sanitary Standards Standards serve serve Corps Corps and and in in 1947 1947 was was appointed appointed to to the the Regu for for th e e sessions sessions were were further further revisions , , or or considera sanitation. sanitation. In In 1942 1942 he he was was commissioned commissioned in in the the Re In In addit1on addit1on to to the the approved approved standards, standards, on on the the agenda agenda Kansas Kansas City , , his his special special field field being being milk milk and and food food standards standards will will be be available. available. New New Orleans , , Chicago, Chicago, and and Cleveland , , as as well well as as Food Food Sanitarians, Sanitarians, following following which which reprints reprints of of the the and and was was stationed stationed in in the the District District of of Columbia, Columbia, Atlanta , , publication publication of of International International Association Association of of Milk Milk and and Mr. Mr. Male Male join e d d the the Public Public Health Health Service Service in in 1933 1933 The The Journal Journal of of Milk Milk and and Food Food Technology , , official official for for Utah. Utah. The The approved approved standards standards now now will will be be published published in in in in private private industry industry and and as as th e e State State Sanitary Sanitary Engineer Engineer official official approval. approval. years years he he served served for for varying varying periods periods as as sanitary sanitary engineer engineer r .e wly-typed wly-typed copy copy of of the the standard standard before before affixing affixing civil civil and and sanitary sanitary enginee ring. ring. In In the the following following nin e e Service , , representatives representatives of of which which wished wished to to check check a a 1924 1924 from from the the University University of of Kansas Kansas with with a a B.S. B.S. in in app{-ova l l from from all all groups groups except except the the U.S. U.S. Public Public Health Health out out of of the the Federal Federal service service ever ever since since his his gradua tion tion in in Vacuum Vacuum Pans, Pans, which which received received signatures signatures designating designating years, years, and and served served in in a a variety variety of of positions positions both both in in and and ards ards for for Milk Milk and and Milk Milk Products Products Evaporators Evaporators and and Mr. Mr. Male Male was was a a sanitary sanitary enginneer enginneer for for more more than than 30 30 ing ing groups groups in in the the program; program; and and the the 3-A 3-A Sanitary Sanitary Stand heart heart attack attack at at his his hom e e on on April April 30. 30. ceived ceived signatures signatures of of officials officials representing representing participat th e e Kansas Kansas City City Regional Regional office , , died died suddenly suddenly of of a a tainers tainers for for Milk Milk and and Fluid Fluid Milk Milk Products, Products, which which re Leonard Leonard H. H. Male , , 60 , , Assistant Assistant R eg ional ional Engineer Engineer in in Standard Standard for for Fillers Fillers and and Sealers Sealers of of Single Single Service Service Con proval proval at at the the meeting. meeting. These These were were the the 3-A 3-A Sanitary Sanitary LEONARD LEONARD H. H. MALE MALE Two Two standards standards reached reached final , , or or almost almost final, final, ap . sions. sions. , parts parts of of the the United United States States participated participated in in th e e discus vice vice officials , , technologists technologists and and executives executives from from all all 100 100 the the design design Dairy Dairy engineers Industry Industry , , Committee. Committee. sanitarians , , Public Public Health Health Ser wood wood pany; pany; Country Country and and M. M. qlub, qlub, H. H. Brightman Bethesda , , , , E Md., Md., xe cutive cutive and and more more Secretary Secretary than than of of Standards Standards Foods Foods Co.; Co.; Committees Committees William William was was A. A. Dean held held , , May May Bowman Bowman 13-16 13-16 at at Dairy Dairy the the Ken Com Co. A A regular regular , , Pioneer Pioneer semi-annual semi-annual Ice Ice Cream Cream meeting meeting Div.; Div.; A. A. of of the the E. E. 3-A 3-A Nessler Sanitary Sanitary , , Kraft Kraft various various sessions. sessions. Th ese ese were were F. F. E. E. Uetz, Uetz, The The Borden Borden TO TO STANDARD STANDARD FOR FOR CARTON CARTON FILLERS FILLERS other other duties. duties. In In his his absence , , four four men men presided presided at at HOLD HOLD SEMI-ANNUAL SEMI-ANNUAL MEET; MEET; GIVE GIVE OK OK man, man, was was unabl e e to to attend attend because because of of the the press press of of 3-A 3-A SANtJ"ARY SANtJ"ARY STANDARDS STANDARDS COMMITTEES COMMITTEES time time in in more more than than a a d eca de , , Dr. Dr. E. E. H. H. Parfitt , , Chair Chairman Chairman of of the the SSS-DIC , , but but this this year, year, for for the the first first Barnhart Barnhart for for his his services services to to the the Committees ' ' work work Traditionally , , the the meeting meeting is is presided presided over over by by the the equipment equipment manufacturers, manufacturers, who who also also commended commended Dr. Dr. and and equipment. equipment. · · · of of dairy dairy processors, processors, n~presentatives n~presentatives sanitarians sanitarians and and ply ply Association , , r e pres en ting ting manufacturers manufacturers of of supplies supplies Standards Standards committees committees at at Bethesda, Bethesda, Md. Md. on on May May 13, 13, to to and and the the Technical Technical Committee Committee of of Dairy Dairy Industries Industries Sup dent , , during during semi-annual semi-annual sessions sessions of of the the 3-A 3-A Sanitary Sanitary Committee, Committee, repr esen ting ting us e rs rs of of dairy dairy equipment; equipment; made made by by Roberts Roberts Everett, Everett, DISA DISA Executive Executive Vice-Presi Sanitary Sanitary Standards Standards Subcommittee Subcommittee of of Dairy Dairy Industry Industry A A first first announcement announcement of of his his new new appointment appointment was was and and Food Food Sanitarians; Sanitarians; U.S. U.S. Public Public Health Health Service; Service; the the ters . . tary tary Procedure Procedure of of International International Association Association of of Milk Milk He He is is married married and and the the father father of of two two young young daugh pos e d d of of repres en tativ es es from from the the Committee Committee on on Sani D.C. D.C. The The 3-A 3-A Sanitary Sanitary Standards Standards Committees Committees are are com of of U.S. U.S. Department Department of of Agriculture Agriculture in in Washington , , for for the the first first time . . Me. , , and and for for the the Dairy Dairy Products Products Research Research Laboratorie s s milk milk and and milk milk products-came products-came before before the the participants participants for for the the General General Ice Ice Cream Cream Corporation Corporation in in Pmtland , , ment ment for for supplying supplying air air under under pressure pressure for for processing processing Reserve . . Thereafter Thereafter until1951 until1951 he he worked worked successively successively tary tary Standard-this Standard-this on on accepted accepted methods methods and and equip He He currently currently holds holds this this rank rank in in the the U.S. U.S. Marine Marine Corps Corps In In addition , , on e e en tirely tirely new new tentative tentative 3 -A -A Sani ing ing a a Lieutenant-Colonel Lieutenant-Colonel at at the the end end of of World World War War II . . in in the the U.S. U.S. Marine Marine Corps Corps ~crved ~crved ment; ment; for for and and five five farm farm years, years, holding holding emerg and / / or or cooling cooling tanks. tanks. 209 209 NEWS NEWS AND AND EVENTS EVENTS 216 NEWS AND ~VEN1'S TWO CALIFORNIA HEALTH DEPARTMENTS day fundamentals of good sanitation. The result is RECEIVE NATIONAL AWARDS that the sanitarian-teachers assume new stature as trainees return to work with a Two California health deparhnents took top honors advisors. Successful button to indicate their participatiorl in the national competition for the Dr. Samuel distinguishing program. J. Crumbine Awards, given in memory of the in the training County department was cited by the pioneer Kansas state public health officer. The The San Diego out an unusually well-rounded pro awards, sponsored by the Public Health Committee jury for carrying and c 1 _ 957 Yogo Yogo , , Yago. Yago. "S h e e won won the the hearts hearts of of the the Japanese Japanese people people while while 1 957 957 Am e ri can can Dairy Dairy Princess; Princess; right right is is Japan's Japan's Miss Miss Cotton Cotton of of prod uc ts ts in in Japan. Japan. e ign ign Agricultural Agricultural Service Service Pavili on on D irec to r. r. Left Left is is Shari Shari Lewis, Lewis, actio n n is is anticipate d d on on larger larger sales sales of of U. U. S. S. dairy dairy - commoditi e s s vital vital to to world world trade trade m e et. et. A. A. James James Martin , , For Trade Trade Fair, Fair, even even tho ugh ugh no no imme di ate ate or or promising promising Am e rican rican and and Japan e s e e beauties beauties sponsored sponsored by by two two farm farm Lewis, Lewis, Shari th e e 1957 1957 American American Da iry iry Princess , , to to the the praised praised the the va lu e e of of an an American American m o v e e like like sendin g g Mr . . Tennoh l en, en, U. U. S. S. Agriculhual Agriculhual Att a ch e e in in Japan , , chee se. " " r e m ov e d d an d d eve nt u a ll y y build build a a market market for for s o m e e U. U. S. S. du c e e processed processed cheese, cheese, we we hop e e to to ge t t this this res t riction riction dar dar cheese cheese for for bl e nding nding w ith ith domestic domestic cheese cheese to to pro and and Japanese Japanese d airy airy companies, companies, who who import import some some ched ever , , the the cooperation cooperation with with of of th e e American American Embassy Embassy r e al al road road block block to to shippin g g U .S. .S. cheese cheese to to Japan. Japan. How special special license license and and alloca t ion ion of of exc hang e. e. This This is is a a import import of of ch ed d ar ar che ese ese fr om om dollar dollar areas areas exce pt pt with with school school lunch lunch project, project, said , , "Japan "Japan does does not not permit permit th e e in in Japan Japan on on a a mission mission to to sell sell c h eese eese and and assist assist in in a a ' ' Marketing Marketing Specialist , , who who is is spe nding nding several several months months H. H. L. L. Burgwald. Burgwald. Foreign Foreign Agric ulh1ral ulh1ral Servic e s s D a ir y y program. program. which which is is brought brought in in only only for for us e e in in the the school school lunch lunch Americ an an dair y y produc t s, s, except except for for nonfat nonfat d1y d1y milk milk At At the the present present time, time, Japan Japan is is not not a a big big imp orter orter of of that that ar e e a vailable vailable for for exp o rt. rt. with with th ~ -e e e ople ople high high quality quality of of U. U. S. S. farm farm p rodu cts cts on , , was was brough brough to to Japan Japan to to acquai nt nt more more Japanes e e Th e e dairy dairy exhibit , , like like the the oth e rs rs in in the the U. U. S. S. pavili dren dren playing , , and and enj oyin g g sports . . Lackground Lackground was was an an artist' s s impression impression of of sch ool ool c hil wa s s pour ed ed into into a a glass glass fr o m m a a huge huge bottl e. e. The The booth booth bib it. it. In In the the c e nt e r r panel, panel, through through use use of of lights, lights, milk milk Hnd Hnd a rti sts' sts' figur es es of of happy happy Japan b obb l ese ese e b d s c a hool hool k k c and and children children forth forth give give to to movement movement to to the the ex t h e e Japanes e e " small small fry" fry" in in droves. droves. Cut-out Cut-out heads heads d a nt s . . The The colorful, colorful, an i mated mated school school lunch lunch exh ibit ibit attracted attracted fo r r Japan' Japan' dair y y indu s try; try; and and on e e of of the the dairy dairy booth booth a tt en in in gl ass-fro nt nt r e frigerators frigerators in in th e e booth. booth. P r odu c t s s A ss oci a tion. tion. Right , , is is Allen Allen Konno I. I. , , c onsu lt ant ant booth booth wallS, wallS, Samples Samples o f f U. U. S . . cheese cheese were were displa ye d d Agri c ultural ultural Attach e e Japan in in ; ; and and T. T. Yoned a, a, Jap an an Dairy Dairy dairy dairy proQ.ucts proQ.ucts were were displa ye d d on on shelves shelves along along the the V. V. S. S. P a vili o n. n. To To hi s s left left a r e e Arthur Arthur Roll e fson , , U. U. S. S. Assis t ant ant Com mercial mercial in g g Sp e ciali brand-name brand-name s t. t. di s pla y s s Am packag e rican-made rican-made es es of of dairy dairy American American produc ts ts at at th e e L L H . . F o r e ign ign Bu:r~ Agricultur w~ ld , , a l l Sen · ic e e Dairy Dairy Ma rk et can can nonf a t t dr y y milk. milk. a t t th e e da iry iry ex hibit hibit and and handed handed out out samples samples of of Ameri f10m f10m Dayk in , , Nebraska, Nebraska, made made per sona l l appearances appearances Shari Shari Lewis ~ ' Iiss Iiss , , 19 Ame1ican Ame1ican 5 7 7 Dair y y Princess, Princess, Japan Japan D ai r y y Pro d ucts ucts Ass oc iation. iation. of of Agriculhu e; e; Dair y y Soci ety, ety, Int erna tional ; ; an d d th e e For e ign ign Agricult ural ural Service Service of of th e e U. U. S. S. Department Department The The exhib it it was was spons o red red cooperatively cooperatively by by th e e The The fair fair was was held held in in Tokyo , , May May 5-19 , , 1957. 1957. ex hibit hibit at at the the .Ta:)an .Ta:)an International International Tn.de Tn.de Fair. Fair. were were the the major major attractions attractions of of the the United United Stat es es dairy dairy booth booth porh·aying porh·aying th e e value value of of milk milk to to school school children , , display display of of American American dai ry ry pro d ucts , , and and a a school school lunch lunch Distribution Distribution of of samp l es es of of U. U. S. S. nonfat nonfat dry dry milk, milk, a a JAPAN JAPAN INTERNATIONAL INTERNATIONAL TRADE TRADE FAIR FAIR U.S. U.S. DAIRY DAIRY EXHIBIT EXHIBIT EWS EWS AND AND EVENTS EVENTS 212 NEWS AND EVENTS It appears that this condition pre v a i Is for several months of the year. During the rainy season, that has just started, very succulent grass and concentrates are about all the cows receive. Before it starts grass is vefy , short. ', Great sh·ides have been made in the production and care of milk during the past 5 years. The Cooperativa has outgrown its new plant in this time and is enlarg ing. Some of the other plants a're also doing this. At present only about one-third of the milk is pasteurized. Some home delive1ies are still by' the can and dipper method. Most of the fluid milk production is in the highlands near San Jose. Well established herds of Guernseys and Jerseys consist of very good cows. The usual number in a herd is about 30. Miss Shari Lewis, 1957 American Dairy Princess, distributes Very little helado (ice cream) is manufactured, but samples of U. S. nonfat dried milk at the Trade Fair. Helping her is Gertrude Drinker, Dairy Nuh·itionist, for th e Foreign several frozen products, including some on sticks 1 are Agri cultural Service, USDA. Miss Lewis, from Daykin, Ne being made. The Cooperativa, here in San Jose also braska, is representing the U. S. Department of Agriculture and produces non-fat dry milk in a very modern plant that the U. S. dairy industry in Japan during the Fair. This is non was built about two years ago. , ·' fat dried milk dissolves readily in water and makes a nutTitious I made one trip to an area down near Panama and drink. will make one this week up toward Nicaragua on the she was here and symbolized the quality, wholesome racific side. Both are potential cheese producing areas. Hess, and purity of American dairy products, and the On the trip to the south we went over mountains up beauty and dignity of American women. She cooper to 10,000 feet. This is a nice scenic drive on the Inter ated splendidly with Japanese and American dairy American highway that is an all weather road and is people during the Trade Fair, and in her role of now being paved. Work also is in progress to push it Ambassadress of good will from the American dairy to the Panama border. industry, she contributed greatly to good Japan-Ameri The people of Costa Rica are very congenial and can relations. helpful in my work. It is a treat to be here. Her many appearances at the Trade Fair dairy booth Sincerely, - helped to call attention to the availability of fine W. A. Krienke, Sec. Treas. American dairy animals and the conh·ibution Ameri Florida Association Milk & can nonfat dry milk is making to the school lunch pro Food Sanitarians gram here, and the ultimate health improvement of Japan's children," Mr. Termohlen said. ROBERT E. HENSLEY RECEI VES $1000 RESEARCH AWARD PIPELI.NE CHATTER Robert E. Hensley, Ha1tville, a University of Mis souri senior specializing in dairy manufactures, was May 20, 1957 recently awarded a $1,000 research fellowship by the Mr. H. L. Thomasson, Managing Editor Southern Association of Ice Cream Manufacturers, Journal of Milk and Food Technology ::J.ccording to John H. Longwell, dean of the Univer Box 437 sity's College of Agriculture. Shelbyville, Indiana The fellowship is given to the senior with the high U.S.A. est scholastic ranking in all colleges and universities Dear Mr. Thomasson: located in the 16 southern states represented by the I am enclosing a check in the amount of $15.00 for Association. However, the winner must be specializ five additional memberships. Miss Pauline Layne has ing in dairy manufactures, Longwell said. just sent me a note stating that our Florida member Hensley has an outstanding scholastic record at the ship to date now totals 111. University. His grade average is 3.72 with 4.0 being This is a real experience for me here in Costa Rica. perfect. He will enroll in the University's Graduate During these fii'st tlu·ee weeks I have been sh1dying School dming the coming school year and will con the low-fat problem here. This is caused by lack of tinue in dairy manufactures under the direction of J·ou~hage in the ration as our Florida study revealed. W. H. E.Reid, professor of dairy husbandry. At At th e e Annual Annual Business Business Meeting Meeting on on Wednesday , , Elmwood Elmwood Park, Park, Illinois. Illinois. Burrell Burrell Corporation Corporation who who presided presided during during all all sessions. sessions. Mr. Mr. Keer Keer is is married, married, has has a a daughter , , and and resides resides in in President President of of NADEM NADEM and and Vice-President Vice-President of of Cheny chinery chinery Sales. Sales. Mr. Mr. Girton Girton succeeds succeeds D . . Bunell, Bunell, H. H. III III retiring retiring and and at at the the time time of of his his promotion promotion was was Director Director of of Ma d en t . . 1 1 Director Director of of War War Projects, Projects, Chicago Chicago Branch Branch Manager Manager DeLaval DeLaval Separator Separator Company Company was was e lect ed ed Vice-Presi- a a degree degree in in Engineering. Engineering. He He served served as as sales sales engineer, engineer, Hotel, Hotel, Hollywood , , Florida. Florida. Gordon Gordon A. A. Homan, Homan, The The ing ing grad uation uation from from Michigan Michigan State State University University with with Meeting, Meeting, April April 28 28 to to May May 2nd , , at at the the Hollywood Hollywood Beach Beach Mr. Mr. Kerr Kerr join ed ed Creamery Creamery Package Package in in 1930 1930 follow as as NADE • M M brought brought to to a a close close its its Eleventh Eleventh Annual Annual L. L. Brazee, Brazee, vice-president vice-president of of the the firm. firm. tional tional Association Association Dairy Dairy Equipment Equipment ~f ~f Manufacturers, Manufacturers, and and refrigeration refrigeration machinery, machinery, it it was was announced announced by by J . . elected elected President . . of of the the Board Board of of Directors Directors of of Na Company, Company, Chicago, Chicago, manufacturers manufacturers of of food food processing processing Paul Paul K. K. Girton, Girton, Girton Girton Manufacturing Manufacturing Co., Co., was was Branch Branch Op erations erations of of The The Creamery Creamery Package Package Mfg. Mfg. Harold Harold J. J. Kerr Kerr has has been been advanced advanced to to Dir ec tor tor of of 1 1TH 1TH ANNUAL ANNUAL MEETING MEETING OF OF GROUP GROUP FOR FOR CREAMERY CREAMERY PACKAGE PACKAGE A. A. GORDON GORDON HOURAN HOURAN VICE-PRESIDENT, VICE-PRESIDENT, AT AT D I RECTOR RECTOR OF OF BRANCH BRANCH OPERATIONS OPERATIONS PAUL PAUL K. K. GIRTON GIRTON NAMED NAMED NADEM NADEM HEAD , , H. H. J. J. KERR KERR APPOINTED APPOINTED Missouri Missouri student student to to win win the the award. award. troit, troit, Michigan. Michigan. been been offered offered and and H ens l ey ey is is the the third third University University of of and and Ceo. Ceo. Huffman Huffman of of the the Ex-Cell-O Ex-Cell-O Corporation, Corporation, D e This This is is the the sixth sixth year year the the research research f e llowship llowship has has Waukesha Waukesha Foundry Foundry Company, Company, Waukesha, Waukesha, Wisconsin Wisconsin Florida. Florida. members members of of the the Board Board of of Directors Directors are are Emil Emil Howe, Howe, The The convention convention will will be be held held late late in in the the year year in in e l ected ected as as members members of of the the Board Board of of Directors. Directors. Other Other of of Ic e e Cream Cream Manufacturers Manufacturers at at its its 1957 1957 convention. convention. Package Package Manufacturing Manufacturing Company, Company, Chicago, Chicago, were were Hensley Hensley will will b e e the the guest guest of of th e e Southern Southern Association Association Chicago , , Illinois Illinois an d d Mr. Mr. Jam es es Brazee Brazee of of Creamery Creamery In In addition addition to to recmvmg recmvmg th e e $ 1,000 1,000 cash cash award, award, May May 1st, 1st, Mr. Mr. Noland Noland of of Mojormier Mojormier Broth ers ers Company, Company, t t I . . D E E D T T R R 0 0 I I T T 1, 1, M H M I I C C I I G G A N N A C C D I I F F 0 0 L L A A BO BO R R AT AT 0 0 R R I I E E S S Complete Complete details details of of media media for for Microbiological Microbiological Assay Assay available available upon upon request request i i media media for for carrying carrying cultures cultures in in stock , , and and preparation preparation of of inocula inocula for for each each test test are are available. available. ponse ponse of of th e e t es t t organism organism which which may may be be measured measured acidimetrically acidimetrically or or turbidimetrically. turbidimetrically. Appropriate Appropriate r eco mmend ed. ed. The The addition addition of of this this factor factor in in specified specified increasing increasing concentrations concentrations elicits elicits a a growth growth res Each Each me,Hum me,Hum is is fre e e from from the the essen tial tial growth growth requirement requirement factor factor for for which which th e e medium medium is is p-Aminobenzoic p-Aminobenzoic Acid Acid Inositol Inositol Citrovorum Citrovorum Factor Factor Tryptophane Tryptophane Choline Choline Phenylalanine Phenylalanine Pyridoxine Pyridoxine Tyrosine Tyrosine Folic Folic Acid Acid Cystine Cystine Vitamin Vitamin B1 2 2 Arginine Arginine Biotin Biotin Lysine Lysine Pantothenic Pantothenic Acid Acid Methion i ne ne Thiamine Thiamine I so l eucine eucine Niac . in in Leucine Leucine Riboflavin Riboflavin Difco Difco Media Media are are available available for for th e e microbiological microbiological assay assay of of of of Amino Amino Acids Acids and and Vitamins Vitamins MICROBIOLOGICAL MICROBIOLOGICAL ASSAY ASSAY DIFCO DIFCO NEWS NEWS AND AND EVENTS EVENTS 213 213 214 NEWS AND EVENTS QUARTERLY MEETING DEL-MAR-VA Theodore S. Gold, Assistant to the Secretary of MILK AND FOOD SANITARIANS Agriculture was toastmaster at a Dairy Breakfast, ASSOCIATION and Mr. Bryan Blaelock of Texas was the princi.~tai speaker. Second quarterly meeting of the Del-Mar-Va Milk A parade, a milking contest, and the unveiling of a ', Sanitarians Association was held at the vVag bronze plaque on the site of the first milk condensory 4 and Food A' on Wheel in Smyrna, Deleware, Wednesday, June 5, were the highlights of the centennial program." I 1957. The meeting was attended by 31 persons from the CLASSIFIED ADS states of Deleware, Maryland, Vitginia and Pennsyl POSITIONS AVAILABLE vania. Occupational Health Service Officer: Public Helath speaker, Mr. Ivan Parkin, Pennsylvania Dairy Guest .\'laster's degree from accredited school of Public Extension Department. Health, with emphasis in occupational or indus of Mr. Parkin's recent tour of Columbia, South Slides trial hygiene plus two years in planning, develop America were shown. ing, directing programs in these fields. Salary Installation and C. I. P. of pipe lines was discussed Range: $500-628. Apply Career Service Authority, along with slides of model installations. Room 178, City and County Building, Denver, Colorado. l OOTH ANNIVERSARY OF CONDENSED MILK Public Health Education Director: Public Health Edu CELEBRATED AT TORRINGTON, CONN. cation Master's degree with five years' responsi On May 23, 1957, the dairy interests in Connecticut ble full-time experience in public health and ad cooperated in a "Dairy Centennial" marking the site ministration of such program .. Salary Range: $500- in Burrville State Park where Gail Borden first con 628. Apply Career Service Authority, Room 178, densed milk commercially by the "vacuum method". City and County Building, Denver, Colorado. COMPLETELY SATISFACTORY SINGLE-SERVICE UTENSILS • Cleanest on delivery • Cannot be recla imed and used rep eatedly-one use destroys appearance an d utility • Sm ooth-no cutting edges nor spl inters • Exclusive, protecti ve sa nitary packaging • The on ly wood en spoon with the true shape of meta l ware, stro ng, rigid, taste less, odorless. Pure wood on ly no dyes nor additives • Th e only fully shaped si ngl e-u se spoon available, ind ivid ually sealed at th e fa cto ry in tough san ita ry paper envelopes, as surin g absolute sanitation under the most extrem e co nd itio ns • Every spoo n perfect • Av ailable in 4 sizes, 3\lz " , 5" , 6" , 7", and OWD Ritespoon 4%". * Write for booklet giving high - lights of single-servi ce spoon stu dy recently made by Will ia m T. Ingram, Con sulting Engineer an d Ad ju nct Professor of Public Health Eng i neer in ~. New York Univers ity. In a recent study* of disposable spoons commonly used in public food services, it is revealed that there is a wide variation in t he bacterial count of such spoons when delivered in the original packages to the tood vendor. The lowest count of all spoons investigated was 16 on OWD Ritespoons. The count on others ranged from 45 to 138. OWD Ritespoon is m ade of naturally pure hard wood only_ N o dyes nor addit ives are employed. Spoons are not contaminated by any manufacturing process. T hey are pa ckaged in an exclusive and sanitary manner. We will gladly send you samples a nd literature. Manu factured only by OVAL WOOD DI SH CORPO RATION, Tuppe r Lake, N.Y. Graybar Bl dg., New Yor k 17, N.Y . • 506 So. Wabash Av e., Chicago 5, Ill. ·•'· ·•'· . . -lie: -lie: .:< .:< ~--~ ---- ~------~ ·; ] ] , , Coffee Coffee and and Beverage Beverage Carrier-Dispensers Carrier-Dispensers P r inci p a l l Ci t ies ies o f f United United I I Stale s s and and Can a da da "-. i i n: n: ...... ~y.~,~ ~y.~,~ Ho , t t or or Cold Cold Fo _ od, od, Soup, Soup, Milk, Milk, Tec hnic al al Service Service Re presentatives presentatives Lo cated cated in in I I 1/~ 1/~ Jl~ Jl~ AEB'TJ"o1D AEB'TJ"o1D Als Als • • MU HODS HODS • • S S ~· ~· /lf-4 /lf-4 rtRt rtRt " '" '" " " ' Et.'ll('.t Et.'ll('.t OAKITE OAKITE ' ' 19 19 South South Hoyne Hoyne Avenue, Avenue, Chi cago cago 1 2, 2, Illinois Illinois r- VACUUM VACUUM CAN CAN COMPANY COMPANY I, I, stt' '" " " <4tv'tvc <4tv'tvc Our Our Co nsulting nsulting S e rvice rvice is is a l s o o FREE FREE \t:EO \t:EO INDUSTRIAl INDUSTRIAl Cl£ Cl£ Wr it e e for for FREE FREE li t e ratur e e Kit Kit MFT - 01 01 Ordinanc es es an d d Cod es. es. ments ments of of the the U . . S. S. Publ ic ic Health Health S er vice vice with with the the sanitar y y const ruction ruction requir e Street , , Ne w w York York 6 , , N.Y . . in in our our specifications specifications is is ln ln Com pliance " " 11 A ll ll A erV oiO oiO Equipment, Equipment, so so indi cated cated Prod u c t s, s, In c ., ., 38C 38C R ec t or or lon g g pe r i od od of of uninterr upte d d service . . usage, usage, spr eading eading their their c o s o t ver ver a a askin g g if if yo u u wr ite ite to to Oakit e e dura bilit y y t o o su rv ive ive unde r r ro ugh ugh alone alone provide provide t he he proven proven q uality uality and and erence . . It 's 's yours yours ju s t t for for th e e liquid liquid C a r rier-D isp ensers . . AerVoi Ds Ds H i gh- Vac uum uum Insulated , , fo od, od, soup soup an d d k e t- s i ze ze a nd nd makes makes r a e a dy dy r e f AerV oiO' s s Por tabl e, e, Sta i nles s- Steel , , Int o o t his his n ew ew pictu dexe re re d, d, nothing nothing it' s s fits fits in in l ike ike convenie nt nt poc Quality Quality an d d Higher Higher Sani tary tary Standar ds . . uaL uaL Fully Fully ill u s trat e d , , plai nl y y in m i l est o ne ne towa rd rd Eco nomy, nomy, Bet t er er c e ntraliza t ion ion of of food food prep ar at i on on is is a a O ak i te te Dair y y Sanitation Sanitation ll! an T o-d ay' s s "M odern" odern" tr end end toward toward A A positive positive Hea and and lth lth Safegua saniti z ing ing rd ! ! method s s in in the the Sanita r y y Vacuum Vacuum Insulatio - n fo r mation mation o n n modern modern c l ea nin g g Aer V oiDs oiDs pr o vid e e • • • • with with ,-al u a bl e e f ield-t es t e d d in There There ar e e 28 28 pages pages crammed crammed I~ I~ ing ing techniqu es? es? fre e e booket booket on on sanitiz- ! • • Ho ve ve you you received received yo ur ur Hodiamont Hodiamont A A venue, venue, St. St. Louis , , Mo. Mo. Ch emical emical Co Co ...... V V Execu ti ve ve Dire c tor , , American American Sanitation Sanitation Institut e, e, 884 884 V it ex ex Lab orator ie - s Divi sion sion opco opco tunit y y in in a a growing growing firm . . Write Write Dr. Dr. E. E. L. L. Holmes , , Vacuum Vacuum Ca n n C o o ...... V II II work, work, plus plus inherent inherent busin ess ess abili t y. y. g A ood ood oppor Sterw i n n Chem icals , , Inc Inc ...... IV IV tific tific back gro und und an d d some some expe ri ence ence in in insp ec tion tion Rohm Rohm H ass ass Co Co ...... & & ...... Inside Inside Back Back Cov e r r future. future. Position Position r eq uir e s s ability ability to to tr ave l , , good good scien P e nnsalt nnsalt Ch e mic als als ...... : :...... :...... II II Mid dl e w es t t at at goo d d s a l ary , , a ll ll ex p enses enses and and bright bright Ova l l Wood Wood Dish Dish Cor p p ...... P a ge ge 21 4 4 sa nitation nitation consulting consulting firms firms has has opportunity opportunity for for man man in in Oakit e e Produc t s , , Inc. Inc...... VII VII On e e of of nations nations l argest argest and and most most ex p e ri ence d d indu str ial ial Di sinfecting sinfecting Co. Co...... VIII VIII Lazaru s s Laborato ri s s -Divi sion sion o f f West West INDUSTRY- New New Opportunity Opportunity J ohn ohn · wood wood Co Co ...... VIII VIII SANITATION SANITATION CONSULTANT CONSULTANT FOR FOR J o hn son son J ohnson ohnson ...... & & ...... I I IAMFS , , Inc ...... V , , IX, IX, X X Difco Difco Laboratori e s s ...... ______P a ge ge 213 213 C r e am e ry ry Pack age age i V Ifg. Ifg. Co Co ...... Insid e e Front Front Cov er er 16 , , 19 57 . . Baltimor e e Bio lo g ical ical Laborato ries ries ...... ...... VI VI Ro c kford , , Illinois . . Application Application d e ad lin e e - August August Babson Babson Bros. , , C o o ...... B a ck ck Cover Cover il il Servic e e Commission , , 126 126 South South First First Str ee t , , Ame nois. nois. ri can can For For Sea application l- K:1p K:1p Corp Corp , , \ovrite: \ovrite: ...... City City ...... of of Rockford Rockford C i v IV IV ( ( $3 43 . 92 92 - $4 25.49 25.49 per per month ) ) City City of of Rockford, Rockford, Illi Adva n ced ced Imtr ume nts , , Inc Inc ...... VI VI MILK MILK SANITARIAN SANITARIAN INDEX INDEX TO TO ADVERTISERS ADVERTISERS Superior Dispenser Can• :'J Solderless, Seamless, Superio; Construction for Longest Life • Easy to Clean • Easy to Stack JOHN WOOD COMPANY Superior Metalware Division ..o~iiiiiiiii!!iiiiilil.,. 509 Front Ave ., St. Paul 3, Minn. WIRE CRATES for paper and glass bottles • DISPENSER CAN MILK CANS • ICE CREAM CANS • HARDENING BASKETS HOODED and OPEN PAILS • STRAINERS Met alware for the Dairy Industry and Waste Receptacles IOSAN® PREVENTS MILKST.ONE! CLASSIFIED ADS FOR SALE: Single service milk sampling tubes. For further infor- mation and a catalogue, please write: Bacti-Kit Co. P. 0. Box 101, Eugene, Oregon. Made by Lazarus Laboratories Inc. Ava ilable from our dairy specialist in your territory • Yo ur ha uler or local dealer • Or La zarus Laboratories Inc., Division of West Disi nfecting Co., 42-16 West St., Long Island City, N. Y. VIII IX IX I I Order Order Blank Blank on on the the back back of of this this notice .- Order Order Now!!! Now!!! 3A 3A Sanitary Sanitary Standards. Standards. DO DO YOU YOU HAVE HAVE YOURS? YOURS? Every Every Milk Milk Sanitarian Sanitarian should should have have a a complete complete set set of of Notic e e Box Box 437, 437, Shelbyville, Shelbyville, Indiana Indiana International International Association Association & & of of Milk Milk Food Food Sa nitarians, nitarians, Inc . . No. No...... Lapel Lapel Buttons Buttons $1.00 $1.00 each each @ @ $ $ ...... = = No = = ...... 3 3 1/4" 1/4" Decals Decals $ $ 25c 25c . .. . each each ...... @ @ . . ACTUAL ACTUAL SIZE SIZE L e tt e r r Whi te te . . . . . L "S e tt " e - rin g- Blu e e C onvolut i ou ou - Blu e e . .. . . C i rcl e e Bar Bar - Si l ver ver ...... Fie & & ld ld - Blu e e Now Now Available Available Attractive Attractive Membership Membership Lapel Lapel Button Button and and Decal Decal Notice Notice Application for Membership INTERNATiONAL ASSOC IATION OF MILK & FO.OD SANiTARIANS, Inc. Box 437, Shelbyville, Indiana No me ------Dote Please Print Address ------0 New 0 Renewal ·O Re -instatement Business Affiliation ------______------__ _ Annual Dues $5.00 0 Check 0 Cash (Membership Includes Sub , cri ::;~ ion to Jcurnal of Milk & Food Technology.) (Please Print ) Re c om men ded by ------__ ------____ _. ______. __ ___ .. ______. ______ Box 437 Subscription Order Shelbyville, Ind . JOURNAL OF MILK & FOOD TECHNOLOGY , Name ------Date Please Print 0 New Address 0 Renewal Educational & Public Libraries (Annually} $4.00. Individual Non-Member Subscription (Annually) $6.00 0 Check 0 Cash Governmental Agencies, Commercial Organizations (Please Print ) L A. M. F. S·. & J. M. F. T. Change of Address Box 437, Shelbyville, Ind. FROM N 0 me ______------____ ... ------·---·-·---- .. ______---· _. __ .. ------...... ______Do t e i-. ______. ______Please Print Address TO Name ------______------Please Piint Address (Please Print) L A. M. F. S.. & J. M. F. T. Order for 3A Standards Box 437, Shelbyville, Ind. Name ______------_------Dote Please Print Address ______. ------__ .. __ ( l Complete Set @ $2.00 = ------( } Com ~fete set bound (durable cover} @ $3.75 = 5 Year Service on Standards as Published = 2.50 additional Order for Reprints of Articles Amt. ------Title ------...... ------Schedule of prices for reprints F. 0 . B. Shelbyville, Indiana 1 Page 2 Pages 3 & 4 Pages 6 & 8 Pages 12 P. Cover 100 or less $12.50 $15.00 $21.00 $30.00 $50.00 $21.67 Add'!. lOO's 1.60 1.60 3.00 4.20 7.00 3.37 X ' ' . . I I is is U.S. U.S. HYA~!I a a trad e - NE NE mark, mark, R e g . . Pat. Pat. OJ! . . and and i n n prin cipal cipal foreign foreign countries . . R e pr ese n ll lli ves ves in in pri11 ci p a l l fo r eign eign co untri es es WASHINGTON WASHINGTON SQUARE, SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA PHILADELPHIA 5, 5, PA. PA. I I COMPANY COMPANY ROHM£HAAS ROHM£HAAS Ch e m i c al s s f o r r In d u s t ry ry • • Write Write today today for for comp l ete ete data. data. an d d non-to xic xic in in "use" "use" co n c e ntration s . . contaminants. contaminants. i s s odorl ess, ess, non -i rritating rritating H YAM I NE NE ran ge ge and and in in the the presence presence of of normally - inhibit in g g applications . . It It r e mains mains pot e nt nt o ve r r a a wid e e te mp e r at ur e e ec onomi ca ll y y in in co untl ess ess sanitizing sanitizing an d d di s inf ec ting ting of of bact e ri a, a, spo r es, es, and and a l gae gae t h at at it it ca n n be be u se d d E ve n n a t t hi g h h dilution s, s, de s troys troys so so many many kind s s H YAM IN E E ...... no no respecter respecter of of bacteria bacteria Hyamille Hyamille Surge clean milk , . , .4. I ALL too often, milk reach es the very dirtiest point in the milking system right af ter it leaves the end of the cow's teat. Even with the healthiest and cleanest cows, no amount of high-priced equipment can keep milk clean if inflations dirty it up. That's why Surge has spent so much time and effort building inflations that are good for cow milk ing and for cow safety, and which can be kept clean. Most important of all, Surge teat cups don't creep up and shut off the flow of milk ... no claw riding is needed with the Surge Copyright 1957, Babson Bro s. Co . - BABSON BROS. CO. _'S. JJII 2843 West 19th Street • Chicago 23, Illinois - ATLANTA • HOUSTON • KANSAS CITY • MINNEAPOLIS • SA