DOCSLIB.ORG

Aeroshell Book the Aeroshell Book

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Aeroshell Book the Aeroshell Book Shell Aviation THE AEROSHELL BOOK AEROSHELL THE THE AEROSHELL BOOK EDITION 19. 2012 RRP £65.00 $100.00 €78.00 EDITION 19. 2012 1. INTRODUCTION 1.6 GENERAL NOTES 1.12 CLASSIFICATION 1.14 DISCONTINUED GRADES 1.18 ENVIRONMENT 1.20 QUALITY CONTROL 1.28 SHELL AVIATION SERVICE THE AEROSHELL BOOK Nineteenth Edition 2012 1.1 Issued by: Shell Aviation Shell International Petroleum Co. Ltd. Shell Centre York Road London SE1 7NA www.shell.com/aviation COPYRIGHT STATEMENT CONTENTS All rights reserved. Neither the whole nor any part of this document may be Introduction 1.5 reproduced, stored in any retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, reprographic, recording or otherwise) without the prior General Notes on AeroShell Products 1.6 written consent of the copyright owner. Product Reference & Classification of AeroShell Products 1.12 1.2 – Discontinued Grades 1.14 1.3 The companies in which Royal Dutch Shell plc directly and indirectly owns investments are separate entities. In this document the expressions “Shell”, “Group” Environmental Notes 1.18 and “Shell Group” are sometimes used for convenience where references are Quality Control, Storage, Handling and Retesting 1.20 made to Group companies in general. Likewise, the words “we”, “us” and “our” CONTENTS are also used to refer to Group companies in general or those who work for them. Shell Aviation Service 1.28 These expressions are also used where there is no purpose in identifying specific Shell Aviation Fuels 2.1 companies. – Shell AeroJet 2.12 COPYRIGHT – AeroShell Performance Additive 101 2.14 – Shell Water Detector 2.18 AeroShell Piston Engine Oils 3.1 AeroShell Turbine Engine Oils 4.1 AeroShell Greases 5.1 AeroShell Hydraulic Fluids 6.1 AeroShell Preservatives 7.1 Other AeroShell Fluids 8.1 Conversion Tables 9.1 Aviation Specifications Guide 10.1 – British Aviation Specifications 10.6 – U.S. Aviation Specifications 10.22 – NATO Code Numbers 10.38 – British Joint Service Designations 10.50 – French Aviation Specifications 10.62 – Russian Aviation Specifications 10.68 – AeroShell Grades 10.84 © 2012 Shell International Petroleum Company Limited. INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION Shell companies manufacture, and distribute throughout the world a full range of aviation products required for the operation and maintenance of aircraft of all types. This range includes:- 1.4 Aviation Turbine Fuels 07 1.5 Aviation Gasolines AeroShell Performance Additives AeroShell Turbine Engine Oils AeroShell Piston Engine Oils INTRODUCTION AeroShell Greases AeroShell Hydraulic Fluids AeroShell Fluids AeroShell Preservatives This manual contains information on the characteristics and specifications of these products and offers guidance on their application. The Specification information provided is correct as known at the time of going to press. Due to the fact that commercial and military specifications for aviation products are subject to frequent changes, it is advisable to consult the local Shell company, whose representative will also give advice on availability (not all grades are always available worldwide), prices and packaging and will be glad to answer any other queries. All reasonable care has been taken in the preparation of this publication; however, no responsibility can be accepted for the consequences of any inaccuracy which it may contain. GENERAL NOTES GENERAL NOTES ON AEROSHELL PRODUCTS The notes contained in this section apply to the complete range of AeroShell Specifications products. Additional notes specific to each product group are given in the The majority of AeroShell products are manufactured to comply with British or U.S. notes at the front of each chapter. Government Specifications because these are acceptable to most aircraft manufacturers and airline operators. In certain cases where no suitable specification exists, Shell products have 1.6 Notation 06 been developed to meet specific performance requirements. 1.7 The brand names chosen for the range of AeroShell products comprise three parts: the name ‘AeroShell’ followed by the words ‘Turbine Oil’, ‘Fluid’, ‘Grease’, etc. and finally a number Many of the British and U.S. Government Specifications (as well as those of other NATO and/or letters designating each product. The numbers do not always follow a sequence. In countries) are interchangeable, although the specifications are not identical. The words the case of turbine and piston engine oils the number relates to the oil viscosity; for greases, ‘approved’, ‘meets’, ‘equivalent’ and ‘corresponding’ have been used in the text to define GENERAL NOTES fluids and compounds the numbers merely differentiate between products and gaps occur in the relationship between products and specifications; the precise meaning of these terms is the sequence due to obsolescence. Consequently an up-to-date version of this book should as follows: always be used for reference purposes. Approved indicates that the product has been manufactured to meet the requirements of Applications the specification, and against which it has been approved (where type approval is required). GENERAL NOTES Under this heading the more important and known representative aviation uses have been named for each AeroShell Grade, and these are intended to serve as a general indicator of Meets indicates that the product complies with the requirements of the specification and, the type of application for which the grade is normally suitable. Further consultation with the either type approval is being obtained, or because the specification is now obsolete, it is not component manufacturer is recommended in case of doubt. possible to obtain type approval (where type approval is required). Whenever an aircraft is certified, all of the oils, greases and hydraulic fluids used on that Equivalent indicates that the product complies with the major requirements of the aircraft are specified for each application point on the type certificate. The Type Certificate specification but has not necessarily been manufactured to the specification. will specify, either by specification number or by specific brand names, those grades which are qualified to be used. The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) regulations state Corresponding indicates that the product has not been manufactured to meet the that only grades qualified for specific applications can be used in certified aircraft. Therefore specification and that it is the nearest product available. it is the responsibility of the aircraft owner or designated representative to determine which grades should be used. The letters ‘DEF’, ‘DEF STAN’, ‘DTD’, ‘DED’, ‘D.Eng.R.D.’, ‘D.Eng.D’, ‘DERD’, ‘CS’, ‘TS’ and ‘BS’ refer to British Specifications; ‘MIL’ and ‘DOD’ refer to American Specifications. As an Many AeroShell products are used in non-aviation applications especially where the aid to users, details of French and Russian Specifications are included but specifications of operating requirements or properties are at the extreme for industrial lubricants (for example, other countries are not included. high or low temperatures). Details are not included in this publication but further information is available from local Shell companies. Currently major changes are taking place to both U.S. and British Specifications. The U.S. authorities have decided to eliminate MIL specifications as they are currently known and In selecting an AeroShell Grade for a non-aviation application the properties of the replace them with performance specifications. These will be labelled MIL-PRF- followed grade must be examined. This will only give an approximate indication as to the expected by a number. Many MIL-PRF- specifications have now been issued and others will follow performance in the specific application. However, such data must be regarded as guidance until all current MIL specifications have been converted. The numeric part of the MIL-PRF- only. There is no laboratory test that can give a complete prediction of performance in the designation is the same as the numeric part of the MIL specification it replaces; actual use, and the final stage in any decision must involve performance tests in either the however, the letter which denotes the Revision level has also changed. MIL actual equipment or in the laboratory/test house under conditions expected in service. specifications which are cancelled or obsolete will not be changed. A small number of MIL specifications have been converted to MIL-DTL- specifications, where DTL represents ‘detail’. GENERAL NOTES For certain products, the U.S. authorities have decided to no longer maintain military Since compatibility also depends upon the operating environment, it is impossible for specifications; in these cases, they have been converted to civil specifications by the SAE lubricant suppliers to be aware of all possibilities of use. Therefore, it is most important that (Society of Automotive Engineers). material or equipment manufacturers are consulted regarding compatibility of oils, fluids and greases with specific materials. Most elastomer manufacturers produce comprehensive 1.8 Examples of these changes include: 08 tables of compatibility of their elastomers with a large range of products and these tables 1.9 should therefore be consulted. MIL-H-5606G became MIL-PRF-5606H MIL-L-23699E became MIL-PRF-23699F Where appropriate, more information on compatibility is given at the front of each product MIL-T-83133D became MIL-DTL-83133E section in this book. MIL-G-4343C became SAE-AMS-G-4343 GENERAL NOTES
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Aeroshell Book
    THE AEROSHELL BOOK Twentieth Edition 2021 Issued by: Shell Aviation Shell International Petroleum Co. Ltd. Shell Centre York Road London SE1 7NA www.shell.com/aviation 3 COPYRIGHT STATEMENT All rights reserved. Neither the whole nor any part of this document may be reproduced, stored in any retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, reprographic, recording or otherwise) without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. The companies in which Royal Dutch Shell plc directly and indirectly owns investments are separate entities. In this document the expressions “Shell”, “Group” and “Shell Group” are sometimes used for convenience where references are made to Group companies in general. Likewise, the words “we”, “us” and “our” are also used to refer to Group companies in general or those who work for them. These expressions are also used where there is no purpose in identifying specific companies. © 2021 Shell International Petroleum Company Limited. 4 DEFINITIONS & CAUTIONARY NOTE The companies in which Royal Dutch Shell plc directly and indirectly owns investments are separate legal entities. In this The AeroShell Book, “Shell”, “Shell Group” and “Royal Dutch Shell” are sometimes used for convenience where references are made to Royal Dutch Shell plc and its subsidiaries in general. Likewise, the words “we”, “us” and “our” are also used to refer to Royal Dutch Shell plc and its subsidiaries in general or to those who work for them. These terms are also used where no useful purpose is served by identifying the particular entity or entities. ‘‘Subsidiaries’’, “Shell subsidiaries” and “Shell companies” as used in this The AeroShell Book refer to entities over which Royal Dutch Shell plc either directly or indirectly has control.
    [Show full text]
  • Heavy-Fueled Intermittent Ignition Engines: Technical Issues
    Publications 9-2009 Heavy-Fueled Intermittent Ignition Engines: Technical Issues Jeffrey Arthur Schneider Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Timothy Wilson Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, [email protected] Christopher Griffis Peter Pierpont Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.erau.edu/publication Part of the Aeronautical Vehicles Commons, and the Propulsion and Power Commons Scholarly Commons Citation Schneider, J. A., Wilson, T., Griffis, C., & Pierpont,. P (2009). Heavy-Fueled Intermittent Ignition Engines: Technical Issues. , (). Retrieved from https://commons.erau.edu/publication/145 This Report is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Publications by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DOT/FAA/AR-08/42 Heavy-Fueled Intermittent Air Traffic Organization NextGen & Operations Planning Ignition Engines: Office of Research and Technology Development Technical Issues Washington, DC 20591 September 2009 Final Report This document is available to the U.S. public through the National Technical Information Services (NTIS), Springfield, Virginia 22161. U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration NOTICE This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The United States Government assumes no liability for the contents or use thereof. The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturer's names appear herein solely because they are considered essential to the objective of this report. This document does not constitute FAA certification policy. Consult your local FAA aircraft certification office as to its use. This report is available at the Federal Aviation Administration William J.
    [Show full text]
  • Diesel, Spark-Ignition, and Turboprop Engines for Long-Duration Unmanned Air Flights
    JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER Diesel, Spark-Ignition, and Turboprop Engines for Long-Duration Unmanned Air Flights Daniele Cirigliano,∗ Aaron M. Frisch,† Feng Liu,‡ and William A. Sirignano‡ University of California, Irvine, California 92697 DOI: 10.2514/1.B36547 Comparisons are made for propulsion systems for unmanned flights with several hundred kilowatts of propulsive power at moderate subsonic speeds up to 50 h in duration. Gas-turbine engines (turbofans and turboprops), two- and four-stroke reciprocating (diesel and spark-ignition) engines, and electric motors (with electric generation by a combustion engine) are analyzed. Thermal analyses of these engines are performed in the power range of interest. Consideration is given to two types of generic missions: 1) a mission dominated by a constant-power requirement, and 2) a mission with intermittent demand for high thrust and/or substantial auxiliary power. The weights of the propulsion system, required fuel, and total aircraft are considered. Nowadays, diesel engines for airplane applications are rarely a choice. However, this technology is shown to bea very serious competitor for long-durationunmanned air vehicle flights. The two strongest competitors are gas-turbine engines and turbocharged four-stroke diesel engines, each type driving propellers. It is shown that hybrid-electric schemes and configurations with several propellers driven by one power source are less efficient. At the 500 KW level, one gas-turbine engine driving a larger propeller is more efficient for durations up to 25 h, whereas several diesel engines driving several propellers become more efficient at longer durations. The decreasing efficiency of the gas-turbine engine with decreasing size and increasing compression ratio is a key factor.
    [Show full text]
  • Performance and Emission Characteristics of an Aircraft Turbo Diesel Engine Using JET-A Fuel
    Performance and Emission Characteristics of an Aircraft Turbo Diesel Engine using JET-A Fuel by Sean Christopher Underwood B.S. Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005 B.S. Mathematics, Georgia Southwestern State University, 2005 Submitted to the Department of Aerospace Engineering and the Faculty of the Graduate School of Engineering at the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science. Committee: ________________________________ Dr. Ray Taghavi, Committee Chairman ________________________________ Dr. Saeed Farokhi, Committee Member ________________________________ Dr. Mark Ewing, Committee Member ___________________ Date Thesis Defended The Thesis Committee for Sean Christopher Underwood certifies that this is the approved Version of the following thesis: Performance and Emission Characteristics of an Aircraft Turbo Diesel Engine using JET-A Fuel Committee: ________________________________ Dr. Ray Taghavi, Committee Chairman ________________________________ Dr. Saeed Farokhi, Committee Member ________________________________ Dr. Mark Ewing, Committee Member ___________________ Date Approved i Abstract Performance and emission data was acquired by testing an aircraft turbo diesel engine with JET-A at the Mal Harned Propulsion Laboratory of the University of Kansas. The performance data was analyzed and compared to the presented data of the manufacturer. The performance test data of the engine was similar to those reported in the handbook of the engine. The emission data was collected in percent of volume, mass, and part per million units. The different types of pollutants that were evaluated were NOx, CO, CO2, and HC. The emission investigation demonstrates that the aircraft turbo diesel emission data (g/kg fuel) was close to other turbine engines reported in the literature.
    [Show full text]
  • Zulassungen Aktuell
    Eidgenössisches Departement für Umwelt, Verkehr, Energie und Kommunikation UVEK Bundesamt für Zivilluftfahrt Luftfahrtentwicklung Lärmklassierung der Propellerflugzeuge Classement en fonction du bruit des avions à hélice Noise classification of propeller driven aircraft (MTOM < 8'618 kg) Mühlestrasse 2, 3096 Bern (Schweiz) Telefon +41 31 325 8039/40 Fax +41 31 325 9212 FOCA Noise Type / 09. Jan. 18 Seite 1 von 35 Luftfahrzeug Motor Schalldämpfer PropellerMTOM [kg] Klasse AERO SP.z o.o AT-3 R100Rotax 912 S2 Elprop 3-1-1P 582 D Aircraft Industries, a.s. L 410 UVP-E20Walter M 601 E Original Avia Propeller Ltd. V 510 6600 A Alenia Aermacchi S.p.A F260Lycoming O-540-E4A5 Hartzell HC-C2YK-1BF/F8477-8R 1102 C Alenia Aermacchi S.p.A F260CLycoming O-540-E4A5 MT-Propeller MTV-9-B/188-50 1102 D Alenia Aermacchi S.p.A F260CLycoming IO-540-D4A5 MT-Propeller MTV-9-B/188-50 1102 D Alenia Aermacchi S.p.A F260CLycoming O-540-E4A5 Hartzell HC-C2YK-1BF/F8477-8R 1102 B Alenia Aermacchi S.p.A F260DLycoming O-540-E4A5 Hartzell HC-C2YK-1BF/F8477-8R 1100 B Alenia Aermacchi S.p.A S205-18FLycoming O-360-A1A Hartzell HC-C2YK-1B 1200 C Alenia Aermacchi S.p.A S205-22/RFranklin 6A-350-C1 Hartzell HC-C2YK-1B 1350 A Alenia Aermacchi S.p.A S208Lycoming O-540-E4A5 Hartzell HC-C2YK-1B/F8477-8R 1350 C American Champion Aircraft Corporation 7ACContinental C-90-8F Sensenich M76AK-2-46 554 D American Champion Aircraft Corporation 7ECAContinental O-200-A McCauley 1A100/ACM6948 748 A American Champion Aircraft Corporation 7GCAALycoming O-320-B2B Sensenich 74DM6S8-0-56 794 C
    [Show full text]
  • Aeroshell Piston Engine Oils
    AEROSHELL PISTON ENGINE OILS AEROSHELL PISTON ENGINE OILS For many years the performance of aircraft piston engines was such that they could be lubricated satisfactorily by means of straight mineral oils, blended from specially selected petroleum base stocks. However, demand for oils with higher degrees of thermal and oxidation stability necessitated ‘fortifying’ them with the addition of small quantities of non-petroleum materials. The first additives incorporated in straight mineral piston engine 3.1 oils were based on the metallic salts of barium and calcium. In highly-rated engines the performance of these oils with respect to oxidation and thermal stability was excellent, but the combustion chambers of the majority of engines could not tolerate the presence of the ash deposits derived from these metal-containing additives. PISTON ENGINEPISTON OILS To overcome the disadvantages of harmful combustion chamber deposits, a non-metallic, i.e. non-ash forming, polymeric additive was developed which was incorporated in blends of selected mineral oil base stocks, to give the range of AeroShell W Oils. Following extensive operational success in a wide range of civil engines, military specifications based on the general characteristics of AeroShell W Oils were prepared and issued. AeroShell W Oils were in service with the world’s airlines and aircraft operators for many years when they operated big transport piston-engined aircraft, during which time these oils became virtually the standard for all aircraft piston engines. Nevertheless, supplies of straight AeroShell Oils remained available primarily for running-in the aircraft piston engine and for the few operators who required them. Today these oils (both AeroShell W Oils and AeroShell Oils) are still required for the smaller piston-engined aircraft flying in air taxi operations, flying clubs or flown by private pilots.
    [Show full text]
  • Dieselcykel För Flygmotorer Av C
    1 Dieselcykel för flygmotorer Av C. Eriksson Dieselmotorn har kommit tillbaka som flygplansmotor. Dess höga termiska verkningsgrad på grund av dess mycket höga expansionsförhållande ihop med precisionsstyrd bränsleinsprutning under högt tryck m h a ”common rail teknologi” och med piezoelektrisk styrning av insprutningen ihop med turboladd- ning har förbättrat dagens dieselmotorer. Lågvarvade dieselmotorer (som används i fartyg och andra tillämpningar där den totala motorvikten är relativt oviktig) kan nå verkningsgrader på upp till 55 %. Dieselmotorns höga verkningsgrad framgår av diagrammet Jumo 207 producerades för Junkers Ju 86P och -R höghöjds nedan: spaningsflygplan och sexmotoriga Blohm & Voss BV 222 Wi- king flygbåt. BV 222 Bild Economist Den högsta verkningsgraden får man i en stationär kombi- Dessa motorer använde alla en två-taktscykel med tolv kolvar, cykel gasturbin beroende på att man kan använda avgasvär- som delade sex cylindrar i en motsatt kolvkonfiguration. men för en efterföljande värmemotor. Bl a Siemens STAL- Denna ovanliga konfiguration krävde två vevaxlar, en längst Laval säljer dessa. ner på cylinderblocket och den andra i toppen, som var ihop- kopplade med drev. Kolvarna rörde sig mot varandra under Ett antal tillverkare byggde flygplansdieselmotorer redan på driftscykeln. Intag och avgasgrenrör duplicerades på båda 1920- och 1930-talet; Packards luftkylda radialmotor DR-980 sidor av blocket. Det fanns två kamdrivna insprutningspumpar blev inte populär pga dess vibrationer och avgaserna, Junkers per cylinder, var och en matade två munstycken, för 4 mun- Jumo 205 var den mest kända av en serie flygplansdieselmoto- stycken per cylinder totalt. rer. Det var den första, och för mer än ett halvt sekel den enda framgångsrika flygplansdieselmotorn, men visade sig olämplig Som är typiskt för tvåtaktare, använde Jumon inga ventiler, för strid i andra världskriget.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2006 Important Figures
    AnnuAl report 2006 ImPORTANT FIgUREs ACC o r DI n g t o I F r s in EUR ’000 2006 2005 in % Thielert At A Glance Revenues 59,940 37,579 59.5 › Europe (including Germany) 12,588 13,088 -3.8 › USA and rest of the world 47,352 24,491 93.3 EBITDA 13,281 16,116 -17.6 EBIT 9,251 13,143 -29.6 EBT 7,775 9,109 -14.6 Consolidated net profit for the year 5,230 7,666 -31.8 Balance sheet total 171,385 123,410 38.9 Equity 103,645 99,155 4.5 Capital expenditures 20,390 7,194 183.4 Depreciation, amortization 4,030 2,974 35.5 Liquid funds 5,208 18,213 -71.4 Debt 1 37,668 12,213 208.4 Net debt 2 32,460 -6,000 -641.0 Net working capital 3 77,348 60,889 27.0 Capitalized development cost 11,408 5,250 117.3 EBITDA, adjusted for capitalized R&D expenses -2,327 10,866 -121.4 EBIT, adjusted for capitalized R&D expenses 1,703 7,893 -78.4 Share Data Earnings per share (EUR) 0.26 0.55 -52.7 Employees 320 252 27.0 For the entire Annual Report percentage figures refer to unrounded Euro values. Figures have been rounded off where appropriate. 1 Liabilities against banks, silent shareholders, shareholders and group companies as well as finance leases 2 Debt less liquid funds 3 Inventory plus trade receivables, less payments on account and less trade payables r e v e n u e D I s t r I b u t I o n A C C o r DI n g t o r e g I o n 21% Europe 35% Europe (including Germany) (including Germany) 2006 2005 79% USA and rest of the world 65% USA and rest of the world K e y s e g m e n t D AtA AI r C r AF t e n g I n e s in EUR ’000 The business unit Aircraft Engines increased by 41.9 2006 % 2005 % percent compared to 2005.
    [Show full text]
  • Aircraft Diesel Engines
    Aircraft Diesel Engines Why haven’t they been really successful? What will the future bring? by Bill Brogdon November 12, 2020 Rudolf Diesel 1858-1913 Some of My History • Rambling Wreck from Georgia Tech • 1968 B. Mechanical Engineering • 1968-76 International Harvester • Truck engine design and analysis © bmep, Inc. 2020 2 Teledyne Continental Motors • 1976-98 & 2007-10 • Design Engineer Director Engineering Chief Engineer • Engines – TSIOL300 Boeing Condor – IOL-200 Voyager – TSIOL 550 RAM 414 – Grob Strato 2C HALE – NASA GAP diesel – O-200D Skycatcher © bmep, Inc. 2020 3 JCB photo Ricardo, Inc. • 1998-06 • Design Manager Chief Engr. (Industrial &Other) • TARDEC- Commercially based FCS engine BB photo • Cummins Mercruiser Diesel marinized ISB • Design and analysis direction for all engine types and clients – Diesel – Gasoline CMD photo – Stirling – Engine sizes from 0.5 to 10,000 hp © bmep, Inc. 2020 4 About This Presentation • Engine design guy, let me know when my jargon is unintelligble • Airship diesel engines are left out of this presentation, there was never a successful one! • Also true for helicopters… but some of them are in here… consistency is for sissies • Some experimental auto conversions are included and some are not • SI = spark ignition, CI = compression ignition (diesel) © bmep, Inc. 2020 5 Aircraft Diesels -- Why? • Fuel economy – Cost – Range • Fuel availability (Jet A available world wide, avgas no) • Fire safety and no CO • Operational – Single lever fueling control – Inlet (carb) icing due to fuel evaporation not an issue • Potentially longer TBO (time between overhauls) • The emphasis on each changes over time • Diesels are now in a rapid phase of development due to trucks and cars; this can be applied to aircraft diesels © bmep, Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • EPATS Vision 2020 and Current State
    D5.2 EPATS Roadmap Document Number: EP D5.2-EPATS_Roadmap-V0 Table of contents: FOREWORD........................................................................................................................4 1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................5 2. MEANING OF CONCEPTS USED ............................................................................6 3. BACKGROUND ........................................................................................................9 3.1 Key figures related to passengers transport in EU-27...........................................9 3.2 Airports in Europe.............................................................................................12 4. EPATS CONCEPT...................................................................................................18 5. EPATS OBJECTIVES AND RATIONALE ..............................................................23 6. EPATS SYSTEM COMPONENTS...........................................................................25 7. EPATS EFFECTIVENESS.......................................................................................26 7.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................26 7.2 Time efficiency .................................................................................................27 7.3 Energy efficiency ..............................................................................................29
    [Show full text]
  • Paul H. Poberezny at Home in His Workshop
    The Spirit of Homebuilt Aviation I www.eaa.org Vol.2 No.9 I September 2013 Hatz Trick AirVenture in Review Engines at AirVenture 2013 Fun Fly Zone Recap Paul H. Poberezny At home in his workshop EEAAEXP_Sept13.inddAAEXP_Sept13.indd 1 99/23/13/23/13 44:21:21 PMPM Tower Frequency The debut of Disney’s Planes was another Oshkosh fi rst Oshkosh and was wildly successful with an estimated 15,000 people fi lling every available spot to see the animated feature. Many challenges, much success We expanded our restroom facilities, had entertainment groups performing on stage throughout the week, not just By Jack Pelton on Monday evening, and expanded the tram service to make getting around easier. As the weeks counted down to AirVenture Oshkosh your board identifi ed many challenges facing EAA. When we Fifth, we needed expanded transparency in EAA gover- tightened the focus it became clear there were seven nance. We moved the annual meeting of the membership specifi c objectives that must be accomplished for Oshkosh to Wednesday morning from Saturday so more members and EAA to be successful. could attend. We presented a detailed fi nancial report. We listened to requests by members and eliminated fl ightline First, we had to deal with the FAA’s surprise charge of chalets. And your board listened and responded to com- nearly half a million dollars to provide air traffi c controller ments and questions from members at the meeting. service for the week. Without the controllers there could be no waivers, and without the waivers the special traffi c This year the compliments overwhelmed the complaints, procedures that allow 10,000 airplanes to come and go and EAA members showed their true colors by returning would not be possible.
    [Show full text]
  • Aircraft Diesel Engines Why Haven't They Been Really
    Aircraft Diesel Engines Why haven’t they been really successful? What will the future bring? May 10, 2012 AEHS Meeting Pensacola FL by Bill Brogdon Some of My History • Rambling Wreck from Georgia Tech • 1968 B. Mechanical Engineering • 1968-76 International Harvester • Truck engine design and analysis 2 ©bmep, Inc. 2012 AEHS May 10 2012 Teledyne Continental Motors • 1976-98 & 2007-10 • Design Engineer Director Engineering Chief Engineer • Engines – TSIOL300 Boeing Condor – IOL-200 Voyager – TSIOL 550 RAM 414 – Grob Strato 2C HALE – NASA GAP diesel – O-200D Skycatcher 3 ©bmep, Inc. 2012 AEHS May 10 2012 Ricardo, Inc. JCB photo • 1998-06 • Design Manager Chief Engr (Industrial &Other) • TARDEC- Commercially based FCS engine BB photo • Cummins Mercruiser Diesel marinized ISB • Design and analysis direction for all engine types and clients – Diesel – Gasoline CMD photo – Stirling – Engine sizes from .5 to 10,000 hp 4 ©bmep, Inc. 2012 AEHS May 10 2012 About This Presentation • Engine design guy, not a historian, help me where you see I need it • Airship diesel engines are left out of this presentation, there was never a successful one! • Also true for helicopters… but some of them are in here… consistency is for sissies. • Some experimental auto conversions are included and some are not. 5 ©bmep, Inc. 2012 AEHS May 10 2012 Aircraft Diesels -- Why? • Fuel economy – Cost – Range • Fuel availability • Fire safety and no CO • Operational – Single lever fueling control – Inlet (carb) icing due to fuel evaporation not an issue • Potentially longer TBO • The emphasis on each changes over time • Diesels are now in a rapid phase of development due to trucks and cars; applied to aircraft diesels this will lead to great improvements in “ilities” 6 ©bmep, Inc.
    [Show full text]