Phylum Bacteroidetes と酢酸菌に関する分類学的研究 (平成 26 年度日本微生物資源学会奨励賞受賞)

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Microbiol. Cult. Coll. Dec.30(2):65 2014─ 75, 2014 受賞総説 Phylum Bacteroidetes と酢酸菌に関する分類学的研究 (平成 26 年度日本微生物資源学会奨励賞受賞) 村松由貴 独立行政法人製品評価技術基盤機構バイオテクノロジーセンター 〒292-0818 千葉県木更津市かずさ鎌足 2-5-8 Taxonomic studies of the phylum Bacteroidetes and acetic acid bacteria Yuki Muramatsu Biological Resource Center (NBRC), National Institute of Technology and Evaluation (NITE) 2-5-8 Kazusakamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan はじめに る新属や新種が多数報告されている.本研究では, NBRC は,2002 年の設立以来,財団法人発酵研究 NBRC に保存されている未知微生物資源に情報を付 所(IFO)から移管された株に加え,国内外研究者か 加し NBRC 株として公開するために,国内から分離 らの寄託,NBRC 職員による収集や海外との共同事 された CFB グループの菌株に注目し分類学的研究を 業を行って,保存微生物株の充実を図ってきた.私は, 行った. NBRC の細菌担当者の一人として,菌株の受け入れ, 保存,品質管理等の業務を行っており,コレクション 新種 Persicobacter psychrovividus の提案 の菌株担当者には,微生物取扱いについての技術だけ Persicobacter 属は 1997 年に[Cytophaga]diffluence でなく,分類学など微生物についての基礎的な知識も について設立された新属で(Nakagawa et al., 1997), 欠かせないと感じている . 本稿では,私がこれらの業 Persicobacter diffluens 1 種のみが知られていた.我々 務に携わる中で見つかった Phylum Bacteroidetes に は千葉県と神奈川県で採集した貝から P. diffluens と 属する 1 新種及び 1 新属新種とタイ王国との共同事業 近縁な 3 株を分離し,分類学的研究を行った.Asr で収集した酢酸菌に関する分類学的研究について述べ 22-19T 株(=NBRC 101262T)の分離源は千葉県鋸南 る. で採集したアサリ,MKT 1(=NBRC 101035)及び MKT 56(=NBRC 101041)はそれぞれ神奈川県三崎 Phylum Bacteroidetes に関する分類学的研究 のヒザラガイとヨメガカサである.16S rRNA 遺伝子 Phylum Bacteroidetes は,Cytophaga- 配列解析の結果,これら 3 株の配列は同じであり,既 Flavobacterium-Bacteroidetes(CFB)グループとも呼 知種 P. diffluens NBRC 15940T との塩基配列相同性 ばれ,2014 年 3 月時点では 18 科 265 属が記載されて は 98.3% であった.DNA-DNA 相同性試験では,分 いる(Kreig et al., 2010).CFB グループは,表現性 離株 3 株は 68-100% と高い相同性を示し同種である 状に基づく分類が困難であり,属の境界がきわめて曖 ことが示唆された一方,P. diffluens NBRC 15940T と 昧であったが,16S rRNA 遺伝子配列に基づいた再分 は 18-28% の相同性であったことから P. diffluens と 類が進められ,分類学的混乱はおおむね解決されてき は別種と考えられた.属レベルでの鑑別性状の指標と た.また,分離株に基づく系統解析では,本菌群は従 なる主要キノンは P. diffluens と同様にメナキノン 7 来考えられていたよりも多様性が大きいことが示唆さ (MK-7)であり,主要脂肪酸組成(5% 以上)は iso- れており(中川,2004),近年はこのグループに属す C15:0 及び iso-C17:0 3-OH と P. diffluens とは大きな違い が見られなかったことから,これら3株は, E-mail: [email protected] Persicobacter 属の新種として提案することが妥当で ─ 65 ─ Phylum Bacteroidetes と酢酸菌に関する分類学的研究 村松由貴 あると考えられた.分離株 3 株は,P. diffluens が グループの中の 1 つ CFB16 に分類された AM11-6(=T 15℃以下で生育しないのに対して 5℃でも生育し, NBRC 101268T)株に注目し,分類学的検討を行った. carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC)や Yeast cell の分 AM11-6T 株は,奄美大島の浦地区の海水から分離さ 解能があるという特徴を持っていた.これらの結果に れ,16S rRNA遺伝子配列解析の結果から 基づき,Flammeovirgaceae 科に属する Persicobacter Cryomorphaceae 科に属した.Cryomorphaceae 科に 属の新種 Persicobacter psychrovividus を提案した は Fluviicola 属,Wandonia 属などが報告されている (Muramatsu et al., 2010b).“psychros” は「冷たい」, (Bowman et al., 2003; O’Sullivan et al., 2005; Lee et “vividus”は「活発な」を意味し,種小名“psychrovividus” al., 2010).AM11-6T 株は,16S rRNA 遺伝子配列に は,低温域でも生育する特徴にちなんでいる. 基づく系統樹において,Wandonia haliotis Haldis-1T, Fluviicola taffensis RV262T と 1 つのクラスターを形 新属新種 Salinirepens amamiensis の提案 成し,これら 2 種に対して 93.7%,91.8% の相同性し 我々のグループでは,2000 年から 2001 年に日本の か示さなかった(図 1).AM11-6T の主要脂肪酸(5% 亜熱帯各地域から Cytophaga 類縁細菌 115 株を分離 以上)は iso-C15:0,iso-C17:0 3-OH, C14:0 及び iso-C15:1 G し,これらが 16S rRNA 遺伝子配列に基づいた系統 であり,Cryomorphaceae 科の各属と異なっていた. 解析で 24 のグループ(CFB 1-CFB 24)に分かれる さらに,F. taffensis と W. haliotis ではアルカリによ ことを報告した(中川,2004).そのうち,CFB19 は, る色素の変色として検出されるフレキシルビン反応が Flammeovirga 属 2 つ 目 の 新 種 Flammeovirga 見られるのに対し,AM11-6T 株では同反応を示さず, yaeyamensis として報告された(Takahashi et al., フレキシルビン色素の存在でも相違が見られたことか 2006a).我々は,Flavobacteriaceae 科に含まれない 6 ら,新属として提案することが妥当であると考えられ Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277T (X73964) 0.02 K 1000 nuc Prevotella melaninogenica ATCC 25845T (AY323525) 997 911 Bacteroides fragilis ATCC 25285T (X83935) Rikenella microfusus ATCC 29728T (L16498) T 921 Cytophaga fermentans NBRC 15936 (AB517712) Marinilabilia salmonicolor NBRC 15948T (AB517713) 1000 Anaerophaga thermohalophila DSM 12881T (AJ418048) Crocinitomix catalasitica NBRC 15977T (AB078042) T 998 985 968 Fluviicola taffensis RW262 (AF493694) Wandonia haliotis Haldis-1T (FJ424814) AM11-6T (AB517714) 997 Brumimicrobium glaciale IC156T (AF521195) T 835 Lishizhenia tianjinensis H6 (EU183317) 1000 Lishizhenia caseinilytica UST04020-001T (AB176674) Owenweeksia hongkongensis UST20020801T (AB125062) 956 T 889 Cryomorpha ignava 1-22 (AF170738) T 1000 Chryseobacterium indologenes NBRC 14944 (AB517708) Empedobacter brevis NBRC 14943T (AB517707) T 944 894 Flavobacterium aquatile NBRC 15052 (AB517711) Myroides odoratus NBRC 14945T (AB517709) 1000 Capnocytophaga ochracea ATCC 27872T (U41350) 816 Cellulophaga lytica NBRC 14961T (AB517706) Sediminitomix flava Mok-1-85T (AB255370) 998 Flexithrix dorotheae NBRC 15976T (AB078040) Cytophaga hutchinsonii NBRC 15051T (AB517710) 図 1 Neighbor-joining tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showing the phylogenetic positions of Salinirepens amamiensis AM11-6T, other members of the family Cryomorphaceae and other representative of the phylum Bacteroidetes. Cytophaga hutchinsonii NBRC 15051T (AB517710) was used as an outgroup. Bar, 0.02 Knuc. Bootstrap values greater than 700 in 1000 replicates are shown. ─ 66 ─ Microbiol. Cult. Coll. Dec. 2014 Vol. 30, No. 2 た.また,生育に必要な塩要求性において違いが見ら び Thong Pha Phum(Kanchanaburi)で採集した果 れた.AM11-6T 株は,生育に NaCl が必須であり,そ 実,発酵した果実,花,種子,及びキノコから分離さ れに加えて MgSO4, MgCl2, もしくは CaCl2 のいずれ れた.分離方法は,0.3% 酢酸を含むグルコース / エ かが必要であるのに対し,Fluviicola 属細菌は淡水か タノール / 酢酸培地(1.0% d-glucose, 0.5% ethanol, ら分離されており 1% 以上の NaCl 存在下では生育せ 0.3% acetic acid, 1.5% peptone, 0.8% yeast extract, ず,Wandonia 属細菌は,海水から分離されたものの 100 p.p.m. cycloheximide(w/v),pH 3.5),ソルビトー NaCl は生育に必須ではなかった.これらの結果に基 ル培地(2.0% d-sorbitol, 0.5% peptone, 0.3% yeast づ き,AM11-6T 株に対して新属新種 Salinirepens extract 100 p.p.m. cycloheximide, pH 3.5)及びショ amamiensis(Muramatsu et al., 2012)を提案した. 糖 培 地(2.0 % sucrose, 0.3 % peptone, 0.3 % yeast “salinus”は「塩」,“repens”は「這う」を意味し, extract, 0.3 % acetic acid(v/v),pH 3.5)を用いて集 属名“Salinirepens”は,生育に塩が必須であり,滑 積培養した菌液を,2.0 % d-glucose, 0.5 % ethanol(v/ 走運動する特徴にちなんでいる. v),0.3 % peptone, 0.3 % yeast extract, 0.7 % CaCO3 及 び 1.2 % agar(w/v)から成る平板培地に接種しクリ 酢酸菌に関する分類学的研究 アゾーンを形成した株を分離した(Yamada et al., 1993 年に発効した生物多様性条約では原産国の権 1976, 1999, 2000; Lisdiyanti et al., 2002; Yukphan et 利に配慮することが求められており, 個々の研究者 al., 2004c, 2005; Thi Lan Vu et al., 2007).分離された が海外の菌株を日本国内へ持ち込む際の制約となって 株について 16S rRNA 遺伝子配列を決定し,系統解 いる側面がある.私が所属している独立行政法人製品 析を行った(図 2).分離株の多くはAcetobacter 属, 評価技術基盤機構(NITE)は,日本国内において利 Asaia 属,Gluconacetobacter 属あるいは Gluconobacter 用可能な海外原産株を整備することを目的とし,アジ 属に含まれたが,既知属から系統的に独立している 2 アの各国と「微生物資源の保全と持続可能な利用に関 つのグループ(シーケンスタイプ GA1 及び GA2)に する覚書」(MOU)及び共同研究契約(PA)を結び, 属する 5 株が見つかった . これらについては 2 つの新 現地での菌株収集や分離同定及び菌株移転を行ってい 属新種 Tanticharoenia sakaeratensis,Ameyamaea る.2005 年からはタイ王国及び日本における生物遺 chiangmaiensis を提案した(Yukphan et al., 2008, 伝資源の保全と持続的な利用を目的として,タイ王国 2009).残 り の 297 株 は Acetobacter 属,Asaia 属, の National Center for Genetic Engineering and Gluconacetobacter 属あるいは Gluconobacter 属に含 Biotechnology(BIOTEC)と細菌,酵母,糸状菌そ まれ,16S rRNA 遺伝子配列相同性から 33 のシーケ れぞれについての共同研究を開始し,私は酢酸菌に関 ンスタイプに分けられた(表 1). する研究に参加した.この共同研究では,タイ産微生 Acetobacter 属に含まれた 17 株は,8 つのシーケン 物の分離,同定,保存等に関する共同研究や技術移転 スタイプ(AB1-8)に分けられた.AB1 は,A. cerevisiae を行い,また,得られた微生物を NBRC に寄託した. LMG 1625T, A. malorum LMG 1746T 及び A. orleanensis 酢酸菌は,食酢醸造に利用される Acetobacter 属や NBRC 13752T とクラスターを構成し,A. cerevisiae ビタミン C 製造の中間体となるソルボース生産に利 と最も近縁だった.AB2 は Acetobacter 属既知種 18 種 用される Gluconobacter 属,また,バクテリアセルロー と系統的に離れており,新種と考えられた.AB3, AB4, ス膜産生能のある Komagataeibacter xylinus 等,食品 AB5 及 び AB6 は,A. indonesiensis NRIC 0313T, 製造や物質生産に関わる細菌が含まれる.近年にはイ A. lovaniensis NBRC 13753T,A. orientalis,及び A. ンドネシア,タイ,フィリピンなどの熱帯地域から, peroxydans NBRC 13755T と近縁だった.AB7 は,A. Acetobacteraceae 科の新属や新種が報告されている ghanensis 430AT, A. syzygii 9II-2T, 及び A. lovaniensis (Sievers & Swings, 2005; Kersters et al., 2006; 内村, とクラスターを構成し,AB8 は A. tropicalis NRIC 2007; Yamada & Yukphan, 2008).新しい酢酸菌が, 0312T に最も近縁だった. 熱帯地域から更に発見される可能性を考え,本研究を Asaia 属に含まれた 150 株は 11 タイプ(AS1-11) 行った(Muramatsu et al., 2009). に分かれた.AS4 に含まれた 2 株 BCC 15733T(= 本研究で使用した酢酸菌 302株は,タイ国各地 NBRC 102526T)及びBCC 15734(=NBRC 102528)は, Bangkok, Pak Kret, Ratchaburi, Suratthani, Asaia 属既知種 3 種から系統的に離れており,新種 Samutsakorn, Ayutthaya, Chiang Mai, Sakaerat, 及 Asaia lannensis として提案された(Malimas et al., ─ 67 ─ Phylum Bacteroidetes と酢酸菌に関する分類学的研究 村松由貴 BCC 15905 (= NBRC 103590, AS1) 0.01 Knuc BCC 15911 (= NBRC 103528) and 1 strain (AS11) BCC 15650 (= NBRC 103415, AS2) BCC15926 (= NBRC 103537) and 2 strains (AS12) Asaia bogorensis 71T (AB025928) BCC 15641 (= NBRC 103412) and 34 strains (AS9) Asaia lannensis BCC 15733T (= NBRC 102526) and 5 strains (AS4) BCC 15653 (= NBRC 103417) and 1 strain (AS5) BCC 15677 (= NBRC 103426) and 2 strains (AS3) 1000 BCC 15940 (= NBRC 103543, AS6) BCC 15645 (AS8) 783 BCC 15660 (= NBRC 103419) and 4 strains (AS7) Swaminathania salitolerans PA 51T (AF459454) Kozakia baliensis Yo-3T (AB056321) T 850 Neoasaia chiangmaiensis BCC 15763 (AB208549) Granulibacter bethesdensis CGDNIH1T (AY788950) T 920 Gluconacetobacter liquefaciens NBRC 12388 (X75617) 1000 BCC 12457 (= NBRC 103411) and 8 strains (GA3) 750 Acidomonas methanolica NRIC 0498T (AB110702) BCC 15744 (= NBRC 103196) and 1 strain (GA2) 887 Tanticharoenia sakaeratensis BCC 15772T (= NBRC 103193) and 2 strains (GA1) 751 BCC 15812 (= NBRC 103481) and 2 strains (AB5) BCC 15761 (= NBRC 103463, AB8) BCC 15756 (= NBRC 103578, AB1) 704 BCC 15762 (= NBRC 103464, AB3) 924 BCC 15839 (= NBRC 103583, AB2) Acetobacter aceti JCM 7641T (D30768) 854 1000 BCC 15851 (= NBRC 103584, AB7) BCC 15845 (= NBRC 103497) and 2 strains (AB4) 829 BCC 15884 (= NBRC 103585, AB6) BCC 15775 (= NBRC 103581) and 1 strain (GB6) 868 BCC 15863 (= NBRC 103504, GB7) BCC 15764 (= NBRC 103465) and 8 strains (GB11) 916 BCC 15643 (= NBRC 103413) and 18 strains (GB12) BCC 15726 (= NBRC 103446, GB9) BCC 15832 (= NBRC 103488, GB8) 999 776 BCC 15680 (= NBRC 103428) and 20 strains (GB10) BCC
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    BERGEY’S MANUAL® OF Systematic Bacteriology Second Edition Volume Four The Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes (Mollicutes), Acidobacteria, Fibrobacteres, Fusobacteria, Dictyoglomi, Gemmatimonadetes, Lentisphaerae, Verrucomicrobia, Chlamydiae, and Planctomycetes BERGEY’S MANUAL® OF Systematic Bacteriology Second Edition Volume Four The Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes (Mollicutes), Acidobacteria, Fibrobacteres, Fusobacteria, Dictyoglomi, Gemmatimonadetes, Lentisphaerae, Verrucomicrobia, Chlamydiae, and Planctomycetes Noel R. Krieg, James T. Staley, Daniel R. Brown, Brian P. Hedlund, Bruce J. Paster, Naomi L. Ward, Wolfgang Ludwig and William B. Whitman EDITORS, VOLUME FOUR William B. Whitman DIRECTOR OF THE EDITORIAL OFFICE Aidan C. Parte MANAGING EDITOR EDITORIAL BOARD Michael Goodfellow, Chairman, Peter Kämpfer, Vice Chairman, Jongsik Chun, Paul De Vos, Fred A. Rainey and William B. Whitman WITH CONTRIBUTIONS FROM 129 COLLEAGUES William B. Whitman Bergey’s Manual Trust Department of Microbiology 527 Biological Sciences Building University of Georgia Athens, GA 30602-2605 USA ISBN: 978-0-387-95042-6 e-ISBN: 978-0-387-68572-4 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-68572-4 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2010936277 © 2010, 1984–1989 Bergey’s Manual Trust Bergey’s Manual is a registered trademark of Bergey’s Manual Trust. All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden.
  • Agarolytic Bacterium Persicobacter Sp. CCB&#X2010

    Agarolytic Bacterium Persicobacter Sp. CCB‐

    Received: 19 March 2016 | Revised: 26 August 2016 | Accepted: 29 August 2016 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.405 ORIGINAL RESEARCH Agarolytic bacterium Persicobacter sp. CCB- QB2 exhibited a diauxic growth involving galactose utilization pathway Go Furusawa1 | Nyok-Sean Lau1 | Appalasamy Suganthi1,2 | Abdullah Al-Ashraf Amirul1,3 1Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bayan Lepas, Malaysia Abstract 2Faculty of Earth Science, Universiti The agarolytic bacterium Persicobacter sp. CCB- QB2 was isolated from seaweed Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli, Malaysia (genus Ulva) collected from a coastal area of Malaysia. Here, we report a high- quality 3School of Biological Sciences, Universiti draft genome sequence for QB2. The Rapid Annotation using Subsystem Technology Sains Malaysia, Minden, Malaysia (RAST) annotation server identified four β-agarases (PdAgaA, PdAgaB, PdAgaC, and Correspondence PdAgaD) as well as galK, galE, and phosphoglucomutase, which are related to the Go Furusawa Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Leloir pathway. Interestingly, QB2 exhibited a diauxic growth in the presence of two Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia. kinds of nutrients, such as tryptone and agar. In cells grown with agar, the profiles of Email: [email protected] agarase activity and growth rate were very similar. galK, galE, and phosphogluco- mutase genes were highly expressed in the second growth phase of diauxic growth, indicating that QB2 cells use galactose hydrolyzed from agar by its agarases and ex- hibit nutrient prioritization. This is the first report describing diauxic growth for agaro- lytic bacteria. QB2 is a potential novel model organism for studying diauxic growth in environmental bacteria. KEYWORDS agarase, agarolytic bacterium, diauxic growth, leloir pathway, Persicobacter 1 | INTRODUCTION applications.
  • Mooreia Alkaloidigena Gen. Nov., Sp. Nov. and Catalinimonas Alkaloidigena Gen

    Mooreia Alkaloidigena Gen. Nov., Sp. Nov. and Catalinimonas Alkaloidigena Gen

    International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (2013), 63, 1219–1228 DOI 10.1099/ijs.0.043752-0 Mooreia alkaloidigena gen. nov., sp. nov. and Catalinimonas alkaloidigena gen. nov., sp. nov., alkaloid-producing marine bacteria in the proposed families Mooreiaceae fam. nov. and Catalimonadaceae fam. nov. in the phylum Bacteroidetes Eun Ju Choi, Deanna S. Beatty, Lauren A. Paul, William Fenical and Paul R. Jensen Correspondence Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University Paul R. Jensen of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0204, USA [email protected] Bacterial strains CNX-216T and CNU-914T were isolated from marine sediment samples collected from Palmyra Atoll and off Catalina Island, respectively. Both strains were Gram- negative and aerobic and produce deep-orange to pink colonies and alkaloid secondary metabolites. Cells of strain CNX-216T were short, non-motile rods, whereas cells of strain CNU- 914T were short, curved rods with gliding motility. The DNA G+C contents of CNX-216T and CNU-914T were respectively 57.7 and 44.4 mol%. Strains CNX-216T and CNU-914T contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 1v5c as the major fatty acids. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that both strains belong to the order Cytophagales in the phylum Bacteroidetes. Strain CNX-216T exhibited low 16S rRNA gene sequence identity (87.1 %) to the nearest type strain, Cesiribacter roseus 311T, and formed a well-supported lineage that is outside all currently described families in the order Cytophagales. Strain CNU-914T shared 97.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity with ‘Porifericola rhodea’ N5EA6-3A2B and, together with ‘Tunicatimonas pelagia’ N5DB8-4 and four uncharacterized marine bacteria isolated as part of this study, formed a lineage that is clearly distinguished from other families in the order Cytophagales.
  • Supplementary Table 5. Abundance of Gut Microbes in the ND-FMT And

    Supplementary Table 5. Abundance of Gut Microbes in the ND-FMT And

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  • FUNCTIONAL and STRUCTURAL STUDIES of ALGINATE LYASE from Persicobacter Sp. CCB-QB2

    FUNCTIONAL and STRUCTURAL STUDIES of ALGINATE LYASE from Persicobacter Sp. CCB-QB2

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  • Description of the Family Flammeo- for Strain Isolation, the Soil Sample Was Thoroughly Virgaceae Was Formally Established by Yoon Et Al

    Description of the Family Flammeo- for Strain Isolation, the Soil Sample Was Thoroughly Virgaceae Was Formally Established by Yoon Et Al

    International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (2013), 63, 1639–1645 DOI 10.1099/ijs.0.044651-0 Nafulsella turpanensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the phylum Bacteroidetes isolated from soil Lei Zhang,1,2 Xihui Shen,1 Yingbao Liu1 and Shiqing Li1,2,3 Correspondence 1State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau and College of Shiqing Li. Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China [email protected] 2State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China 3 College of Resource and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China A Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped, gliding and pale-pink-pigmented bacterium, designated strain ZLM-10T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from an arid area in Xinjiang province, China, and characterized in a taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. The novel strain grew optimally at 30–37 6C and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) sea salts. The only respiratory quinone detected was MK-7 and the major cellular fatty acids were summed feature 3 (iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and/or C16 : 1v7c), iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminolipid and two unidentified aminophospholipids. The DNA G+C content was 45.4 mol%. Flexirubin-type pigments were not produced. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain ZLM-10T was a member of the phylum Bacteroidetes and appeared most closely related to Cesiribacter roseus 311T (90.2 % sequence similarity), Marivirga sericea LMG 13021T (89.2 %), Cesiribacter andamanensis AMV16T (89.1 %) and Marivirga tractuosa DSM 4126T (89.1 %).
  • ALGINATE LYASE from Persicobacter Sp

    ALGINATE LYASE from Persicobacter Sp

    FUNCTIONAL AND STRUCTURAL STUDIES OF ALGINATE LYASE FROM Persicobacter sp. CCB-QB2 SIM PEI FANG UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA 2017 FUNCTIONAL AND STRUCTURAL STUDIES OF ALGINATE LYASE FROM Persicobacter sp. CCB-QB2 by SIM PEI FANG Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science November 2017 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I wish to convey my sincere thanks to my supervisor, Dr. Teh Aik Hong, for his detailed and constructive comments. I am very grateful for his guidance, advice and directed me in protein purification and protein crystallization studies for this work. I owe many thanks to Dr. Go Furusawa who gave me guidance during my first steps into molecular work studies and always giving great opinions during the studies. Many thanks to my lab members for the stimulating discussions and companions, and no less way did I learn a lot from them. I would like to deliver my appreciation to MyMaster program for the financial support. Finally, my special gratitude to my family, without their encouragement and understanding it would have been impossible for me to complete my studies. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgement ii Table of Content iii List of Tables vi List of Figures vii List of Abbreviations ix Abstrak xi Abstract xiii CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Objectives 3 CHAPTER 2 – LITERATURE REVIEW MATERIALS AND METHODS 2.1 Persicobacter sp. 4 2.2 Alginate 4 2.3 Alginate Lyase 6 2.3.1 Alginate lyase degradation mechanism 8 2.3.2 Application of alginate lyase 9 2.4 Carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) 10 2.4.1 Application of Carbohydrate-binding module 12 2.5 Crystal Structures of Carbohydrate Binding Module and Alginate 13 Lyase CHAPTER 3 - MATERIALS AND METHODS RESULTS 3.1 Overview of Methodology 18 3.2 BLASTp Search, Cloning and Transformation 19 iii 3.2.1 BLASTp Search 19 3.2.2 Polymerase Chain Reaction cloning and PCR purification.
  • Supplementary Table 5. Abundance of Gut Microbes in the ND-FMT

    Supplementary Table 5. Abundance of Gut Microbes in the ND-FMT

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  • Raineya Orbicola Gen. Nov., Sp. Nov. a Slightly Thermophilic Bacterium of the Phylum Bacteroidetes and the Description of Raineyaceae Fam

    Raineya Orbicola Gen. Nov., Sp. Nov. a Slightly Thermophilic Bacterium of the Phylum Bacteroidetes and the Description of Raineyaceae Fam

    TAXONOMIC DESCRIPTION Albuquerque et al., Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2018;68:982–989 DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.002556 Raineya orbicola gen. nov., sp. nov. a slightly thermophilic bacterium of the phylum Bacteroidetes and the description of Raineyaceae fam. nov. Luciana Albuquerque,1 Ana Rita M. Polónia,1 Cristina Barroso,1,2 Hugo J. C. Froufe,2 Olga Lage,3,4 Alexandre Lobo-da-Cunha,4,5 Conceiçao~ Egas1,2 and Milton S. da Costa1,* Abstract An isolate, designated SPSPC-11T, with an optimum growth temperature of about 50 C and an optimum pH for growth between 7.5 and 8.0, was recovered from a hot spring in central Portugal. Based on phylogenetic analysis of its 16S rRNA sequence, the new organism is most closely related to the species of the genus Thermonema but with a pairwise sequence similarity of <85 %. The isolate was orange-pigmented, formed non-motile long filaments and rod-shaped cells that stain Gram-negative. The organism was strictly aerobic, oxidase-positive and catalase-positive. The major fatty acids were iso- C15:0, iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. The major polar lipids were one aminophospholipid, two aminolipids and three unidentified lipids. Menaquinone 7 was the major respiratory quinone. The DNA G+C content of strain SPSPC-11T was 37.6 mol% (draft genome sequence). The high quality draft genome sequence corroborated many of the phenotypic characteristics of strain SPSPC-11T. Based on genotypic, phylogenetic, physiological and biochemical characterization we describe a new species of a novel genus represented by strain SPSPC-11T (=CECT 9012T=LMG 29233T) for which we propose the name Raineya orbicola gen.