Magali Natalia Alloatti O BRASIL EM CENA: NEGOCIANDO GÊNERO

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Magali Natalia Alloatti O BRASIL EM CENA: NEGOCIANDO GÊNERO Magali Natalia Alloatti O BRASIL EM CENA: NEGOCIANDO GÊNERO, RAÇA E SENTIDOS DE BRASILIDADES EM ATIVIDADES CULTURAIS EM LOS ANGELES (2015-2016) Tese submetida ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia Política da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina para a obtenção do Grau de Doutora em Sociologia Política. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Ricardo Virgilino da Silva Coorientadora: Profª. Drª. Gláucia de Oliveira Assis Florianópolis 2017 Ficha de identificação da obra elaborada pelo autor, através do Programa de Geração Automática da Biblioteca Universitária da UFSC Alloatti, Magali Natalia O Brasil em Cena: Negociando Gênero, Raça e Sentidos de Brasilidades em Atividades Culturais em Los Angeles (2015-2016) / Magali Natalia Alloatti ; orientador, Ricardo Virgilino da Silva ; coorientadora, Gláucia de Oliveira Assis. – Florianópolis, SC, 2017. 371 p. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia Política. Inclui referências 1. Sociologia Política. 2. Migrantes brasileiros. 3. Los Angeles. 4. Gênero. 5. Raça. I. Da Silva, Ricardo Virgilino. II. Assis, Gláucia de Oliveira. III. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia Política. IV. Titulo. En contribución a la idea fuerza de la educación pública, gratuita y laica. AGRADECIMENTOS Resulta extremamente difícil expressar em algumas páginas a importância e influência de algumas pessoas neste projeto individual que é o doutorado. Devido à sua duração de quatro anos e o estresse da escrita da tese, é fácil esquecer quão crucial foi um abraço, uma palavra, um mate três ou quatro anos atrás. E, apesar de que mencionarei aqui vários nomes de pessoas e instituições, espero poder agradecer de maneira mais apropriada e significativa uma vez terminado o ritual da defesa. A pesquisa que culmina o doutorado foi possível graças à generosidade, dedicação e apertura de quarenta e duas mulheres e homens que me presentearam seu tempo na cidade de Los Angeles. Elas e eles me contaram sobre experiências negativas de discriminação, estratégias de supervivência econômica, saudades do Brasil, lembranças de infância, dores corporais entre várias outras vivencias que tentei respeitosamente retratar no meu trabalho. A minha estada nos Estados Unidos foi uma realidade graças ao apoio financeiro e institucional do CNPq, da University of California Los Angeles e da CAPES que me forneceu a bolsa doméstica no Brasil. O Consulado do Brasil em Los Angeles me recebeu com portas abertas e me dedicou espaço e tempo de agentes consulares reconhecendo e enriquecendo minha pesquisa. O professor Ivan Light foi uma das pessoas mais valiosas nesta aventura, quem me aceitou como orientanda, quem me convidou chás e almoços, tolerou meu broken English e celebrou meu trabalho de campo. Em Los Angeles eu tive também uma família que me recebeu com carinho, dicas e ajudas. Laurence, Patrick, Orane e Thavory fizeram possível minha estada nos Estados Unidos a traves de abraços, jantares, piadas e um carinho que só se encontra no coração de uma família criada com amor. Sergio foi meu grande companheiro de pesquisas e meu mediador cultural nos Estados Unidos e em Los Angeles. Como um bom professor, Sergio me ensinou sobre história, gíria, comidas, raça, etnicidade, espaço urbano, música, entre outras dimensões valiosíssimas de um processo de incorporação cultural. Há uma instituição que é grande responsável da minha trajetória acadêmica: a Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, quem me aceitou e abraçou como estudante, me forneceu recursos, livros, salas, computadores e a oportunidade de crescer e crescer. O professor Ricardo Silva confiou em cada uma das minhas propostas e pedidos, e Albertina me ajudou a navegar o mundo acadêmico e burocrático brasileiro com uma eterna paciência. A professora Gláucia de Oliveira Assis foi quem me ajudou a crescer no âmbito das migrações internacionais com dicas, leituras, aulas, provocações e livros. Deu-me um apoio cuidadoso e cálido que me acompanhou até a última vírgula da minha tese. Como toda estrangeira eu tenho uma família “aqui” e uma família “lá”. Aqui no Brasil, devo agradecer a companhia, apoio e coragem que recebi de Ana /Ale, companhere de mates, leituras, encontros, frustrações e conversas. Jonathan, Franco, Camilo e Enrique compartilharam comigo momentos difíceis, de saudade, de crise econômica, de processos seletivos, assim como risadas, jantares e dias de sol. Talvez as pessoas mais importantes, porém as que estão mais longe, são as que constituem minha família de “lá”. Aquela que está em Recreo e Laguna Paiva, aquela que me ensinou a ler, a desenhar, que me contava histórias, me levou ao teatro, me explicava sobre política argentina: mi mamá Emilce, mi papá Daniel, mi Hermano Santiago, mi abuela Beba y mi abuelo Dante. Minhas amigas que estão em Santa Fé, sempre dando um apoio incondicional, acreditando nas possibilidades e desejos. Finalmente, por trás de toda doutoranda há um companheiro que segurou o barco nas piores tempestades. Henrique, o eterno companheiro de aventuras, de momentos bons, não tão bons, de correções de português e inglês, de espera de respostas à bolsas e processos seletivos. Ele é o consultor de músicas, o tradutor e intérprete, o meu próprio embaixador da brasilidade, é ele que está por trás do meu grande amor e agradecimento ao Brasil. Llegó a soñar en un idioma que no era el de sus padres. El etnógrafo. Jorge Luis Borges. RESUMO Esta tese de doutorado tem como objetivo realizar uma análise das diversas identificações construídas, disputadas e negociadas em torno à cultura brasileira no contexto da migração em Los Angeles, em 2015- 2016. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada em vários pontos da cidade, locais onde “acompanhei” atividades culturais nas quais brasileiros e brasileiras – e alguns estrangeiros – reconstruíram “Brasis” imaginados a partir de festivais de dança, do carnaval e de shows artísticos, constituindo-se uma etnografia multi-situada. Por meio de uma abordagem qualitativa, busco examinar negociações envolvendo gênero, raça e etnicidade que expressam tensões que atravessam a circulação transnacional de significados, bens culturais, pessoas e práticas. Os sujeitos desta pesquisa são, em sua maioria, brasileiras e brasileiros, mas também cidadãos estadunidenses, que compartilham, de diferentes maneiras, espaços e eventos que entendo como cenas culturais nos quais são representados e negociados sentidos de brasilidade. Por meio de um estudo de cunho etnográfico, busco trabalhar quatro questões centrais que estruturam os capítulos desta tese. Primeiramente, apresento o percurso de campo apresentado informações sobre espaços e agentes que conheci ao longo do meu trabalho de pesquisa, reconstruindo trajetórias migratórias e examinando espaços institucionais como a UCLA e o Consulado brasileiro em Los Angeles. No capítulo três, proponho uma análise de algumas atividades culturais a partir da perspectiva interseccional: utilizando o conceito de gênero como elemento central, aprofundo em tópicos como preconceito, estigma, corpo e a imagem da mulher brasileira. O quarto capítulo, traz uma análise do empreendedorismo étnico, destacando aspectos como renda, concorrência, recursos étnicos e de classe e oferece no final uma discussão dos principais resultados dos dois capítulos. O quinto capítulo examina práticas e narrativas que legitimam posições e versões consagradas do samba, forró e as danças Orixás, destacando imaginários locais e o papel dos agentes envolvidos como mediadores culturais. As considerações finais oferecem uma discussão sobre os processos, fluídos e cambiantes de identificações étnicas, enfatizando a rearticulação de raça e gênero no contexto da migração na construção de sentidos de brasilidades. Palavras-chave: Migrantes brasileiros. Los Angeles. Gênero. Raça. Atividades culturais. ABSTRACT This thesis aims to analyze diverse identifications assembled, disputed and negotiated around Brazilian culture in Los Angeles, in 2015-2016. Designed as a multi-sited ethnography, the fieldwork was conducted in several points of the city, “following” various cultural activities. Through these events, Brazilian women and men, as well as foreigners, build imagined “Brazils” based on dance festivals, carnivals and artistic shows. Through a qualitative approach, I seek to examine negotiations around gender, race and braziliannes which express tensions influenced by transnational circulations of meanings, cultural goods, people and practices. The subjects that participated in this research are mostly Brazilians, yet some American citizens were included, that share spaces and spectacles that are defined as cultural scenes. By means of an ethnographic investigation, I seek to answer four main questions, which structure the four chapters of this thesis. Firstly, I retrieve some information on spaces and agents I identified during my fieldwork. I summarize some migratory trajectories and examine institutional spaces such as UCLA and the Brazilian Consulate in Los Angeles. Chapter three brings an intersectional analysis of some cultural activities. Utilizing gender as an axis, I delve into topics like prejudice, stigma, body and the image of the Brazilian woman. The fourth chapter offers a detailed exam on ethnic entrepreneurship, paying special attention to income, competition, ethnic and social class resources and a final discussion about the main findings of both chapters. The last chapter examine practices and narratives that
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