Host-Parasite Interactions: the Parvilucifera Sinerae Model In
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
182-188 Enhanced Chlorophyll a and Primary Production in the Northern
Author version: Mar. Biol. Res., vol.8; 2012; 182-188 Enhanced chlorophyll a and primary production in the northern Arabian Sea during the spring intermonsoon due to green Noctiluca (N. scintillans) bloom N. V. Madhua,*, R. Jyothibabua, P. A. Maheswaranb, K. A. Jayaraja, C.T. Achuthankuttya aNational Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Kochi -18, India bNaval Physical Oceanographic Laboratory, Kochi - 21, India Abstract The surface waters of the northeastern Arabian Sea sustained relatively high chlorophyll a (av. 0.81 ± 0.80 mgm-3) and primary production (av. 29.5 ± 23.6 mgC m-3d-1) during the early spring intermonsoon 2000. This was caused primarily by a thick patch of algal bloom spread over a vast area between 17° to 21°N and 66 to 70°E. Satellite images showed exceptionally high concentration of chlorophyll a in the bloom areas, representing the annually occurring ‘spring blooms’ during February-March. The causative organism of the bloom was the dinoflagellate, Noctiluca scintillans Macartney (synonym Noctiluca miliaris Suriray, Dinophyceae: Noctilucidea), symbiotically associated with an autotrophic prasinophyte Pedinomonas noctilucae. The symbiosis between N. scintillans and P. noctilucae is likely responsible for their explosive growth (av. 3 million cells L-1) over an extensive area making the northeastern Arabian Sea highly productive (av. 607 ± 338 mg Cm-3d-1) even during an oligotrophic period such as spring intermonsoon. Key words: - Chlorophyll a; Algal bloom; Noctiluca scintillans, Pedinomonas noctilucae; Spring intermonsoon *Email of the corresponding author - [email protected] 2 Introduction The Arabian Sea (AS hereafter) is one of the most productive regions in the Indian Ocean (Madhupratap et al., 1996), exhibiting a bimodal temperature cycles annually, with lows during winter (northeast monsoon - NEM) and summer (southwest monsoon - SWM) seasons. -
Ultrastructure and Molecular Phylogenetic Position of a New Marine Sand-Dwelling Dinoflagellate from British Columbia, Canada: Pseudadenoides Polypyrenoides Sp
European Journal of Phycology ISSN: 0967-0262 (Print) 1469-4433 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tejp20 Ultrastructure and molecular phylogenetic position of a new marine sand-dwelling dinoflagellate from British Columbia, Canada: Pseudadenoides polypyrenoides sp. nov. (Dinophyceae) Mona Hoppenrath, Naoji Yubuki, Rowena Stern & Brian S. Leander To cite this article: Mona Hoppenrath, Naoji Yubuki, Rowena Stern & Brian S. Leander (2017) Ultrastructure and molecular phylogenetic position of a new marine sand-dwelling dinoflagellate from British Columbia, Canada: Pseudadenoides polypyrenoides sp. nov. (Dinophyceae), European Journal of Phycology, 52:2, 208-224, DOI: 10.1080/09670262.2016.1274788 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09670262.2016.1274788 View supplementary material Published online: 03 Mar 2017. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 25 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tejp20 Download by: [The University of British Columbia] Date: 13 April 2017, At: 11:37 EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY, 2017 VOL. 52, NO. 2, 208–224 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09670262.2016.1274788 Ultrastructure and molecular phylogenetic position of a new marine sand-dwelling dinoflagellate from British Columbia, Canada: Pseudadenoides polypyrenoides sp. nov. (Dinophyceae) Mona Hoppenratha,b, Naoji Yubukia,c, Rowena Sterna,d and Brian S. Leandera aDepartments of Botany and Zoology, -
Check List 15 (5): 951–963
15 5 ANNOTATED LIST OF SPECIES Check List 15 (5): 951–963 https://doi.org/10.15560/15.5.951 Dinoflagellates in tropical estuarine waters from the Maraú River, Camamu Bay, northeastern Brazil Caio Ceza da Silva Nunes1, Sylvia Maria Moreira Susini-Ribeiro1, 2, Kaoli Pereira Cavalcante3 1 Mestrado em Sistemas Aquáticos Tropicais, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, Salobrinho, 45662090 Ilhéus, BA, Brazil. 2 Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, Salobrinho, 45662090 Ilhéus, BA, Brazil. 3 Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú, Avenida da Universidade, 850, Campus da Betânia, Betânia, 62040370, Sobral, CE, Brazil. Corresponding author: Caio Ceza da Silva Nunes, [email protected] Abstract Dinoflagellates display great diversity in tropical regions and play an important role in the complex microbial food webs of marine and brackish environments. The goal of this study is to identify planktonic dinoflagellates and their distribution in the estuary of the Maraú River, Camamu Bay, state of Bahia, in a region with increasing use of shellfish farming. Samples were carried out monthly from August 2006 to July 2007 at four stations along the estuary. Plankton was sampled with a 20 μm mesh net. We identified 20 dinoflagellate species. The greatest species richness was ob- served in the genera Protoperidinium (five spp.), Tripos (four spp.), and Prorocentrum (three spp.). Based on literature, six species were classified as potentially harmful: Akashiwo sanguinea, Dinophysis caudata, Gonyaulax spinifera, Prorocentrum micans, Scrippsiella cf. acuminata, and Tripos furca. Protoperidinium venustum was recorded for the first time in coastal waters of Bahia. Keywords Brackish water, Dinophyta, distribution, potentially harmful species, taxonomy. -
Genomics Reveals Alga-Associated Cyanobacteria Hiding in Plain Sight COMMENTARY John M
COMMENTARY Genomics reveals alga-associated cyanobacteria hiding in plain sight COMMENTARY John M. Archibalda,b,1 Cyanobacteria occupy a special place in the pantheon of prokaryotic life. It is in the ancestors of these ubiquitous microbes that oxygenic photosynthesis first evolved more than 2 billion y ago (1), and it is from endosymbiotic cyanobacteria that the plastids (chloro- plasts) of plants and algae are derived (2). Modern-day cyanobacteria are diverse in form and function; they in- clude coccoid marine picoplankton such as Prochloro- coccus (3), freshwater biofilm-forming genera [e.g., Gloeomargarita (4)], and filamentous taxa capable of fix- ing nitrogen [e.g., Nostoc (5)]. In PNAS, Nakayama et al. (6) add an exciting chapter to the story of cyanobacterial diversity. The authors describe the genome sequence of a cyanobacterium living ectosymbiotically on an eye- catching dinoflagellate named Ornithocercus magnifi- cus. Their results provide insight into the nature of an enigmatic symbiotic relationship and reveal the exis- tence of a cryptic, globally distributed cyanobacterial lineage that has until now gone unappreciated. Ornithocercus is indeed magnificent, even by di- Fig. 1. Light micrograph of an Ornithocercus noflagellate standards. The surface of this heterotro- dinoflagellate. The ectosymbiotic OmCyn cyanobacteria phic marine protist is decorated with crown-shaped, are visible within an extracellular chamber on the cellulosic outcroppings that extend from the cell body “upper” crown of the cell. Image courtesy of Takuro Nakayama (Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan). in different directions (Fig. 1) (7). The “upper” crown forms an extracellular chamber in which autofluores- cent cyanobacteria reside, and microscopic evidence genome of the organism, which they dubbed “OmCyn.” suggests that the bacteria can be vertically transmitted In a preliminary phylogenetic analysis of the 16S ribo- from mother to daughter chambers during host cell somal RNA (rRNA) gene, OmCyn was found to branch division (8). -
University of Oklahoma
UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE MACRONUTRIENTS SHAPE MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES, GENE EXPRESSION AND PROTEIN EVOLUTION A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY By JOSHUA THOMAS COOPER Norman, Oklahoma 2017 MACRONUTRIENTS SHAPE MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES, GENE EXPRESSION AND PROTEIN EVOLUTION A DISSERTATION APPROVED FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY AND PLANT BIOLOGY BY ______________________________ Dr. Boris Wawrik, Chair ______________________________ Dr. J. Phil Gibson ______________________________ Dr. Anne K. Dunn ______________________________ Dr. John Paul Masly ______________________________ Dr. K. David Hambright ii © Copyright by JOSHUA THOMAS COOPER 2017 All Rights Reserved. iii Acknowledgments I would like to thank my two advisors Dr. Boris Wawrik and Dr. J. Phil Gibson for helping me become a better scientist and better educator. I would also like to thank my committee members Dr. Anne K. Dunn, Dr. K. David Hambright, and Dr. J.P. Masly for providing valuable inputs that lead me to carefully consider my research questions. I would also like to thank Dr. J.P. Masly for the opportunity to coauthor a book chapter on the speciation of diatoms. It is still such a privilege that you believed in me and my crazy diatom ideas to form a concise chapter in addition to learn your style of writing has been a benefit to my professional development. I’m also thankful for my first undergraduate research mentor, Dr. Miriam Steinitz-Kannan, now retired from Northern Kentucky University, who was the first to show the amazing wonders of pond scum. Who knew that studying diatoms and algae as an undergraduate would lead me all the way to a Ph.D. -
Protocols for Monitoring Harmful Algal Blooms for Sustainable Aquaculture and Coastal Fisheries in Chile (Supplement Data)
Protocols for monitoring Harmful Algal Blooms for sustainable aquaculture and coastal fisheries in Chile (Supplement data) Provided by Kyoko Yarimizu, et al. Table S1. Phytoplankton Naming Dictionary: This dictionary was constructed from the species observed in Chilean coast water in the past combined with the IOC list. Each name was verified with the list provided by IFOP and online dictionaries, AlgaeBase (https://www.algaebase.org/) and WoRMS (http://www.marinespecies.org/). The list is subjected to be updated. Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Ochrophyta Bacillariophyceae Achnanthales Achnanthaceae Achnanthes Achnanthes longipes Bacillariophyta Coscinodiscophyceae Coscinodiscales Heliopeltaceae Actinoptychus Actinoptychus spp. Dinoflagellata Dinophyceae Gymnodiniales Gymnodiniaceae Akashiwo Akashiwo sanguinea Dinoflagellata Dinophyceae Gymnodiniales Gymnodiniaceae Amphidinium Amphidinium spp. Ochrophyta Bacillariophyceae Naviculales Amphipleuraceae Amphiprora Amphiprora spp. Bacillariophyta Bacillariophyceae Thalassiophysales Catenulaceae Amphora Amphora spp. Cyanobacteria Cyanophyceae Nostocales Aphanizomenonaceae Anabaenopsis Anabaenopsis milleri Cyanobacteria Cyanophyceae Oscillatoriales Coleofasciculaceae Anagnostidinema Anagnostidinema amphibium Anagnostidinema Cyanobacteria Cyanophyceae Oscillatoriales Coleofasciculaceae Anagnostidinema lemmermannii Cyanobacteria Cyanophyceae Oscillatoriales Microcoleaceae Annamia Annamia toxica Cyanobacteria Cyanophyceae Nostocales Aphanizomenonaceae Aphanizomenon Aphanizomenon flos-aquae -
Development of a Quantitative PCR Assay for the Detection And
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/544247; this version posted February 8, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Development of a quantitative PCR assay for the detection and enumeration of a potentially ciguatoxin-producing dinoflagellate, Gambierdiscus lapillus (Gonyaulacales, Dinophyceae). Key words:Ciguatera fish poisoning, Gambierdiscus lapillus, Quantitative PCR assay, Great Barrier Reef Kretzschmar, A.L.1,2, Verma, A.1, Kohli, G.S.1,3, Murray, S.A.1 1Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, 2007 NSW, Australia 2ithree institute (i3), University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, 2007 NSW, Australia, [email protected] 3Alfred Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum fr Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany Abstract Ciguatera fish poisoning is an illness contracted through the ingestion of seafood containing ciguatoxins. It is prevalent in tropical regions worldwide, including in Australia. Ciguatoxins are produced by some species of Gambierdiscus. Therefore, screening of Gambierdiscus species identification through quantitative PCR (qPCR), along with the determination of species toxicity, can be useful in monitoring potential ciguatera risk in these regions. In Australia, the identity, distribution and abundance of ciguatoxin producing Gambierdiscus spp. is largely unknown. In this study we developed a rapid qPCR assay to quantify the presence and abundance of Gambierdiscus lapillus, a likely ciguatoxic species. We assessed the specificity and efficiency of the qPCR assay. The assay was tested on 25 environmental samples from the Heron Island reef in the southern Great Barrier Reef, a ciguatera endemic region, in triplicate to determine the presence and patchiness of these species across samples from Chnoospora sp., Padina sp. -
A Parasite of Marine Rotifers: a New Lineage of Dinokaryotic Dinoflagellates (Dinophyceae)
Hindawi Publishing Corporation Journal of Marine Biology Volume 2015, Article ID 614609, 5 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/614609 Research Article A Parasite of Marine Rotifers: A New Lineage of Dinokaryotic Dinoflagellates (Dinophyceae) Fernando Gómez1 and Alf Skovgaard2 1 Laboratory of Plankton Systems, Oceanographic Institute, University of Sao˜ Paulo, Prac¸a do Oceanografico´ 191, Cidade Universitaria,´ 05508-900 Butanta,˜ SP, Brazil 2Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 7, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark Correspondence should be addressed to Fernando Gomez;´ [email protected] Received 11 July 2015; Accepted 27 August 2015 Academic Editor: Gerardo R. Vasta Copyright © 2015 F. Gomez´ and A. Skovgaard. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Dinoflagellate infections have been reported for different protistan and animal hosts. We report, for the first time, the association between a dinoflagellate parasite and a rotifer host, tentatively Synchaeta sp. (Rotifera), collected from the port of Valencia, NW Mediterranean Sea. The rotifer contained a sporangium with 100–200 thecate dinospores that develop synchronically through palintomic sporogenesis. This undescribed dinoflagellate forms a new and divergent fast-evolved lineage that branches amongthe dinokaryotic dinoflagellates. 1. Introduction form independent lineages with no evident relation to other dinoflagellates [12]. In this study, we describe a new lineage of The alveolates (or Alveolata) are a major lineage of protists an undescribed parasitic dinoflagellate that largely diverged divided into three main phyla: ciliates, apicomplexans, and from other known dinoflagellates. -
Acidotropic Probes and Flow Cytometry: a Powerful Combination for Detecting Phagotrophy in Mixotrophic and Heterotrophic Protists
AQUATIC MICROBIAL ECOLOGY Vol. 44: 85–96, 2006 Published August 16 Aquat Microb Ecol Acidotropic probes and flow cytometry: a powerful combination for detecting phagotrophy in mixotrophic and heterotrophic protists Wanderson F. Carvalho*, Edna Granéli Marine Science Department, University of Kalmar, 391 82 Kalmar, Sweden ABSTRACT: Studies with phagotrophic organisms are hampered by a series of methodological con- straints. To overcome problems related to the detection and enumeration of mixotrophic and hetero- trophic cells containing food vacuoles, we combined flow cytometry and an acidotropic blue probe as an alternative method. Flow cytometry allows the analysis of thousands of cells per minute with high sensitivity to the autofluorescence of different groups of cells and to probe fluorescence. The method was first tested in a grazing experiment where the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Oxyrrhis marina fed on Rhodomonas salina. The maximum ingestion rate of O. marina was 1.7 prey ind.–1 h–1, and the fre- quency of cells with R. salina in the food vacuoles increased from 0 to 2.4 ± 0.5 × 103 cells ml–1 within 6 h. The blue probe stained 100% of O. marina cells that had R. salina in the food vacuoles. The acidotropic blue probe was also effective in staining food vacuoles in the mixotrophic dinoflagellate Dinophysis norvegica. We observed that 75% of the D. norvegica population in the aphotic zone pos- sessed food vacuoles. Overall, in cells without food vacuoles, blue fluorescence was as low as in cells that were kept probe free. Blue fluorescence in O. marina cells with food vacuoles was 6-fold higher than in those without food vacuoles (20 ± 4 and 3 ± 0 relative blue fluorescence cell–1, respectively), while in D. -
De Rijk, L?, Caers, A,, Van De Peer, Y. & De Wachter, R. 1998. Database
BLANCHARD & HICKS-THE APICOMPLEXAN PLASTID 375 De Rijk, l?, Caers, A,, Van de Peer, Y. & De Wachter, R. 1998. Database gorad, L. & Vasil, I. K. (ed.), Cell Culture and Somatic Cell Genetics on the structure of large ribosomal subunit RNA. Nucl. Acids. Rex, of Plants, Vol7A: The molecular biology of plastids. Academic Press, 26: 183- 186. San Diego. p. 5-53. Deveraux, J., Haeberli, l? & Smithies, 0. 1984. A comprehensive set of Palmer, J. D. & Delwiche, C. E 1996. Second-hand chloroplasts and sequence analysis programs for the VAX. Nucl. Acids. Rex, 12:387-395. the case of the disappearing nucleus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 93: Eaga, N. & Lang-Unnasch, N. 1995. Phylogeny of the large extrachro- 7432-7435. mosomal DNA of organisms in the phylum Apicomplexa. J. Euk. Popadic, A,, Rusch, D., Peterson, M., Rogers, B. T. & Kaufman, T. C. Microbiol,, 42:679-684. 1996. Origin of the arthropod mandible. Nature, 380:395. Fichera, M. E. & Roos, D. S. 1997. A plastid organelle as a drug target Preiser, l?, Williamson, D. H. & Wilson, R. J. M. 1995. Transfer-RNA in apicomplexan parasites. Nature, 390:407-409. genes transcribed from the plastid-like DNA of Plasmodium falci- Gardner, M. J., Williamson, D. H. & Wilson, R. J. M. 1991. A circular parum. Nucl. Acids Res., 23:4329-4336. DNA in malaria parasites encodes an RNA polymerase like that of Reith. M. & Munholland, J. 1993. A high-resolution gene map of the prokaryotes and chloroplasts. Mol. Biochem. Parasitiol., 44: 1 15-123. chloroplast genome of the red alga Porphyra purpurea. Plant Cell, Gardner, M. -
Antimicrobial Peptides Expression for Defense System in Chicken Gastrointestinal and Reproductive Organs
The 6th International Seminar on Tropical Animal Production Integrated Approach in Developing Sustainable Tropical Animal Production October 20-22, 2015, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Antimicrobial Peptides Expression for Defense System in Chicken Gastrointestinal and Reproductive Organs Yukinori Yoshimura1, 2 Bambang Ariyadi3 and Naoki Isobe1, 2 1Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739- 8528, Japan; 2Research Center for Animal Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan; 3Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281 Indonesia. Email address: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Maintenance of animal health is essential to obtain their maximum productivity and safe products. Avian β-defensins (AvBDs) are the member of antimicrobial peptides, and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the primary receptors that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of microbes. The aim of this study was to characterize the innate immune system with the focus on the expression of AvBDs in the gastrointestinal tract and reproductive organs for the strategy to enhance the disease resistance of chickens. The proventriculus and cecum of broiler chicks expressed TLRs and AvBDs. It is suggested that a variety of PAMPs of microbes are recognized by different TLRs, probably leading to regulate the synthesis of innate immune factors including AvBDs. In laying hens, TLRs and AvBDs were expressed in the theca and granulosa layers of ovarian follicles and in the oviduct. In vivo LPS challenge increased the expression of several AvBDs in the theca tissue. In contrast, in the cultured theca tissue, LPS upregulated the expression of IL1β and IL6, but did not affect the AvBDs expression; whereas IL1β upregulated the expression of the AvBD12 gene and protein. -
Review Article Diversity of Eukaryotic Translational Initiation Factor Eif4e in Protists
Hindawi Publishing Corporation Comparative and Functional Genomics Volume 2012, Article ID 134839, 21 pages doi:10.1155/2012/134839 Review Article Diversity of Eukaryotic Translational Initiation Factor eIF4E in Protists Rosemary Jagus,1 Tsvetan R. Bachvaroff,2 Bhavesh Joshi,3 and Allen R. Place1 1 Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, 701 E. Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA 2 Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Road, Edgewater, MD 21037, USA 3 BridgePath Scientific, 4841 International Boulevard, Suite 105, Frederick, MD 21703, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Rosemary Jagus, [email protected] Received 26 January 2012; Accepted 9 April 2012 Academic Editor: Thomas Preiss Copyright © 2012 Rosemary Jagus et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The greatest diversity of eukaryotic species is within the microbial eukaryotes, the protists, with plants and fungi/metazoa representing just two of the estimated seventy five lineages of eukaryotes. Protists are a diverse group characterized by unusual genome features and a wide range of genome sizes from 8.2 Mb in the apicomplexan parasite Babesia bovis to 112,000-220,050 Mb in the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum micans. Protists possess numerous cellular, molecular and biochemical traits not observed in “text-book” model organisms. These features challenge some of the concepts and assumptions about the regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes. Like multicellular eukaryotes, many protists encode multiple eIF4Es, but few functional studies have been undertaken except in parasitic species.