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2016 Ricardosorgonpires Vcorr.Pdf UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO FACULDADE DE FILOSOFIA LETRAS E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS DEPARTAMENTO DE HISTÓRIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM HISTÓRIA SOCIAL RICARDO SORGON PIRES Os outros japoneses: festivais e construção identitária na comunidade okinawana da cidade de São Paulo Versão corrigida São Paulo 2016 RICARDO SORGON PIRES Os outros japoneses: festivais e construção identitária na comunidade okinawana da cidade de São Paulo Versão corrigida Tese apresentada ao Departamento de História da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo como requisito para a obtenção do título de doutor em História. Área de concentração: História Social Orientador: Prof. Dr. José Carlos Sebe Bom Meihy Declaro estar de acordo com a versão corrigida. _____________________________________ Dr. José Carlos Sebe Bom Meihy (orientador) São Paulo 2016 PIRES, Ricardo Sorgon. Os outros japoneses: festivais e construção identitária na comunidade okinawana da cidade de São Paulo. Tese (doutorado). Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas (FFLCH), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), 2016. Aprovado em: 29/09/2016 Banca Examinadora Profa. Dra. Samira Adel Osman. Instituição: UNIFESP Julgamento__________________________ Assinatura________________ Prof. Dr. Odair da Cruz Paiva. Instituição: UNIFESP Julgamento__________________________Assinatura________________ Prof. Dr José Guilherme Cantor Magnani. Instituição: USP Julgamento__________________________Assinatura________________ Prof. Dr. Sedi Hirano. Instituição: USP Julgamento__________________________Assinatura________________ À Nilce Camila de Carvalho pela companhia e apoio ao longo de todo esse trajeto. Agradecimentos Ao longo desses cinco anos foram inúmeras as pessoas que contribuíram direta e indiretamente para essa pesquisa. Infelizmente, não conseguirei fazer justiça a todos aqueles qu e deveriam compor essa lista, mas vale o esforço. Esta pesquisa jamais seria escrita sem a inestimável participação e boa vontade de diversos membros da comunidade okinawana de São Paulo, especialmente meus colaboradores, Hikaru Tamashiro, Ana Kanashiro, Eliza Shiroma, Suzana Miyashiro, Rodrigo Chinen, Madalena Higa, Kazuki Shimabukuro, Márcia Kuniyoshi, e Hiro Nakamura*, mas também Karina Satomi pelas indicações e contatos, Newton Itokazu pela amizade, interesse e pelas conversas sempre interessantes, às colegas acadêmicas Laís Miwa Higa e Samara Konno, além de outros funcionários e membros da comunidade cujos nomes me falham a memória. Gostaria de agradecer a minha professora de história do ensino médio, Mariley de Oliveira por ter me enfeitiçado com as artes de Clio. A minha mãe, Maria Cristina Sorgon, pelo apoio e pelo constante incentivo aos estudos desde a mais tenra idade. A minha companheira de todas as jornadas, Nilce Camila de Carvalho, pela onipresença e apoio constante e incondicional. A CAPES pelo financiamento dessa pesquisa tanto no Brasil quanto no exterior. Ao meu orientador, professor José Carlos Sebe Bom Meihy, pelos aconselhamentos e insights críticos, e aos membros do Núcleo de estudos em história oral da USP (NEHO), especialmente minha grande amiga Kaliandra Morais Araújo, pelos debates, trocas de experiências e atividades conjuntas. Aos professores Sedi Hirano e Fabíola Holanda pela cuidadosa arguição durante o exame de qualificação. Gostaria também de registrar meus agradecimentos a algumas professoras da minha graduação na UNESP de Assis, Lúcia Helena de Oliveira Silva, por ter me incentivado a ingressar na pesquisa acadêmica; Karina Anhezini pela grande ajuda com questões teóricas e metodológicas e Zélia Lopes da Silva pelas críticas construtivas ao projeto inicial. Na Universidade de São Paulo, gostaria de agradecer aos professores José Antônio Vasconcelos pelas instigantes aulas sobre história e temporalidade, Laura de Mello e Souza * De modo a preservar a identidade dos colaboradores, serus nomes foram substituídos. pelo excelente curso sobre projetos e pelas críticas perspicazes a essa tese, Zilda Márcia Iokoi pela provocante disciplina sobre imigração, cultura e política na contemporaneidade, e ao professor Elias Saliba a quem tive o prazer de acompanhar durante o estágio de docência. Especiais agradecimentos merecem aqueles que contribuíram para que minha experiência no Havaí fosse inesquecível e proveitosa em todos os sentidos, minha coorientadora Christine Yano pela inestimável ajuda não apenas para fins acadêmicos, mas também para a socialização com pesquisadores e membros da comunidade okinawana do Havaí, às pesquisadoras okinawanas Sakaya e Akino Oshiro pela amizade e trocas de experiências, à incansável diretora do Center for Okinawan Studies, Joyce Chinen pelas conversas e apoio institucional, à gentil e competente secretária do Departamento de Antropologia da UHM, Elaine Nakahashi, e ao professor de koto okinawano Darin Miyashiro, pela amizade, conversas e por sua gentileza em me acompanhar em inúmeros sightseeings. The purpose for interrogating the appropriation, invention and reification of the past is to avoid becoming enchanted by its poetic power. The reality of past may elude us, but it must no lead us to become accessories to its process of mystification – Jason Karlin RESUMO PIRES, Ricardo Sorgon. Os outros japoneses: festivais e construção identitária na comunidade okinawana da cidade de São Paulo. Tese (doutorado). Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas (FFLCH), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), 2016. Esta pesquisa originou-se de algumas indagações acerca do posicionamento identitário dos nikkei (descendentes de japoneses) no Brasil. A primeira delas é com relação ao estereótipo fortemente consolidado no senso comum de que os japoneses formam um grupo étnico e cultural sólido e homogêneo. Nesse sentido, esse trabalho tem como um de seus objetivos demonstrar que os imigrantes okinawanos no Brasil, apesar de terem sido historicamente identificados apenas como “japoneses”, constituíram-se em um grupo étnico distinto dos demais nikkei. A segunda indagação busca avaliar em que medida as festividades realizadas pela comunidade okinawana paulistana se inserem como os principais elementos demarcatórios das fronteiras étnicas e culturais desse grupo em relação aos não descendentes e aos demais nikkei. Essas festas podem ser compreendidas como um esforço por parte dos membros da comunidade uchinanchu (okinawanos na língua de Okinawa) de se afirmarem como brasileiros, porém, tendo uma descendência distinta que transcende o mero epíteto “nipo-brasileiro”. Através de entrevistas com membros da comunidade okinawana paulistana, bem como da análise de três de seus maiores w mais importantes eventos, o Kyodo matsuri em Diadema, o Okinawa festival no bairro da Vila Carrão e o Sanshin no hi no bairro da Liberdade, a intenção é perceber como essas festividades são mobilizadas para a construção de uma “okinawanidade diaspórica” brasileira (paulistana) ao mesmo tempo em que se mostram interessantes espaços de disputas e negociações. Palavras-chave: Imigração okinawana; festividades; história oral; identidade. ABSTRACT PIRES, Ricardo Sorgon. The other Japanese: festivals and identity construction in the Okinawan community of the city of Sao Paulo. Dissertation (PhD). Faculty of Philosophy, Languages and Literature and Human Sciences (FFLCH), University of Sao Paulo (USP), 2016. This research arose from some inquiries on the identity positioning of the nikkei (Japanese descendants) population in Brazil. The first one is related to the deeply rooted stereotype in the common sense that the Japanese consist of a solid and homogeneous ethnic and cultural group. In this regard, one of the objectives of this dissertation is to demonstrate that the Okinawan immigrants in Brazil, although being historically identified simply as "Japanese", formed a distinct ethnic group from other nikkei. The second inquiry concern over assessing the possibility that the festivities held by the Okinawan community of Sao Paulo could be considered their main ethnic and cultural boundering element in contrast to the non-Japanese descendants and to the other nikkei. Those festivals may be understood as an effort of the members of the uchinanchu community (Okinawans in Okinawa language) to assert themselves as Brazilians, but having a distinct ancestry that transcends the mere epithet of "Japanese-Brazilian." By the use of interviews with members of the Okinawan community of São Paulo, as well as the analysis of three of its largest and most important events, the Kyodo matsuri in the city of Diadema, the Okinawa festival in the Vila Carrao district and the Sanshin no hi in the Liberdade district, the purpose is to understand how those festivities are mobilized for the construction of a Brazilian (São Paulo’s) “diasporic okinawanness”. Nevertheless, those festivals can be simultaneously comprehended as interesting spaces for disputes and negotiations. KEYWORDS: Okinawan immigration; festivities; oral history; identity. LISTA DE IMAGENS Imagem 1 - Cartazes oficiais do wakamono Taiaki do Brasil (2012) e das Filipinas (2015) .............................................................................. p.150 Imagem 2 - Cartazes de agências turísticas oferecendo pacotes para o Uchinanchu taikai nos Estados Unidos (2016) e no Brasil (2011)- .................................................................. p. 154 Imagem 3 - Delegação peruana no Uchinanchu taikai de 2011 .......................................... p. 155 Imagem 4 - Delegação brasileira no Uchinanchu taikai de 2011
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