I-Centric User Interaction

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I-Centric User Interaction I-centric User Interaction vorgelegt von Diplom-Informatiker Stephan Steglich aus Berlin von der Fakulität IV – Elektrotechnik und Informatik der Technischen Universität Berlin zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktor der Ingenieurwissenschaften – Dr.-Ing. – genehmigte Dissertation Promotionsausschuß: Vorsitzender: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Adam Wolisz Berichter: Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Radu Popescu-Zeletin Berichter: Prof. Dr. Bernd Mahr Tag der wissenschaftlichen Aussprache: 21. November 2003 Berlin 2003 D 83 I-centric User Interaction Stephan Steglich Berlin 2003 Preface Abstract The vision of I-centric Communications means to take an unlimited look at human communica- tion behavior and to adapt the activities of communication systems to it. This vision defines a user-centered approach for the realization of services and applications. It requires to start ana- lyzing user demands to design suitable systems and services. Instead of just providing technol- ogy-focused solutions without any adaptation to individuals, an I-centric system should provide services hiding technical details and considering the individual’s preferences as well as the indi- vidual’s environment. Following the vision of I-centric Communications, this thesis introduces an approach to realize I-centric User Interaction. This approach enhances and completes the vision by providing ad- vanced user interaction capabilities. It answers the question whether it is possible to realize a communication system, which allows the interaction between user and services without any restriction to specific user interface technologies and in a personalized as well as ambient aware manner. Such enhanced user interaction will lead to a higher acceptance and increased usage of services. On the one hand, the user interaction shall support different kinds of user interface technologies enabling Device Independence and ubiquitous access to the services. According to their current context and intended action, users can select the preferred and suitable way of interaction. On the other hand, the user interaction shall be adapted to the user’s preferences and to the user’s environment. Accordingly, this work discusses these different areas of concern, identifies nec- essary functions, and provides suitable solutions for each. First, the thesis introduces and analyses the vision of I-centric Communications with special regard to the aspect of user interaction. Based on the identified requirements and areas of con- cern, an approach to realize I-centric User Interaction was developed. The approach, presented in this thesis, specifies a Service Adaptation Framework and individual models for Personaliza- tion, for Ambient Awareness, and for Generic User Interaction focusing on the respective areas of concern. Finally, the thesis illustrates the results from the prototypical implementation of the presented approach, which has been pursued in several projects in parallel. These results demonstrate the applicability of the developed concepts and the fulfillment of the vision of I-centric User Inter- action. The work in the area of I-centric Communications was carried out in cooperation of the De- partment for Open Communication Systems (OKS) at the Technical University Berlin (TUB) and the Fraunhofer Institute FOKUS. The vision and the reference model for I-centric Commu- nications, introduced in this thesis, are results of this cooperation. The main research directions for the cooperation between TUB and FOKUS have been a gen- eral model for I-centric services, the service platform for I-centric services, and an approach for the interaction of users with I-centric services. This thesis focuses on an approach for I-centric User Interaction. The general aspects of I- centric services as defined by the vision are out of scope of this thesis. Nevertheless, these as- pects have been analyzed by Stefan Arbanowski, researcher at Fraunhofer FOKUS, in a second PhD thesis in parallel. The results of this work have been contributed to different national and international projects (BMBF LiveFutura, BMBF PI-AVIda, BMBF VHE-UD, IST WSI, IST WWRI), standardiza- tion bodies (OMG, WWRF), conferences papers, and journals by introducing the vision of I- centric Communications to a larger auditorium, and by exploiting parts of the developed I- centric systems. St. Steglich: I-centric User Interaction i Preface ii St. Steglich: I-centric User Interaction Preface German Abstract Die Vision „I-centric Communications“ bedeutet, einen uneingeschränkten Blick auf das menschliche Kommunikationsverhalten zu werfen, um Kommunikationssysteme entsprechend daran angepasst zu entwickeln. Diese Vision definiert einen benutzerorientierten Ansatz zur Erstellung von Diensten und Anwendungen. Dies setzt zunächst eine Analyse der Benutzeran- forderungen voraus, um geeignete Systeme und Dienste zu entwerfen. Anstatt Technologie- fokussierte Lösungen ohne jegliche Anpassung an die jeweiligen Personen anzubieten, sollte ein „I-centric“ System seine Dienste ohne sichtbare technische Details und unter Berücksichtigung von Benutzerpräferenzen sowie der Benutzerumgebung darbieten. Der Vision von „I-centric Communications“ folgend, stellt die vorliegende Arbeit einen Ansatz zur Realisierung der Idee von „I-centric User Interaction“ vor. Dieser Ansatz erweitert und vervollständigt die Vision durch verbesserte Benutzerinteraktionsfähigkeiten. Diese Dissertation zeigt, dass es möglich ist, Kommunikationssysteme zu realisieren, die die Interaktion zwischen Benutzern und Diensten ohne Einschränkung auf bestimmte Technologien für Benutzerschnitt- stellen sowie in personalisierter und umgebungsberücksichtigende Art und Weise unterstützen. Derartig verbesserte Benutzerinteraktion wird die Akzeptanz und die Benutzung von Diensten erhöhen. Einerseits soll die Benutzerinteraktion verschiedene Arten von Technologien für Benutzer- schnittstellen unterstützen, durch die die Geräte-Unabhängigkeit und der ständige Zugang zu den Diensten ermöglicht werden. Entsprechend dem aktuellem Kontext und der Absicht können die Benutzer die bevorzugte und geeignete Art der Interaktion wählen. Andererseits soll die Interaktion selbst den Benutzerpräferenzen sowie der jeweiligen Umgebung angepasst werden. Dementsprechend diskutiert die vorliegende Arbeit diese unterschiedlichen Problembereiche, identifiziert die notwendigen Funktionen und bietet entsprechende Lösungsansätze jeweils. Die Arbeit präsentiert und analysiert zunächst die Vision „I-centric Communications“ mit Hin- blick auf den Aspekt der Benutzerinteraktion. Basierend auf den identifizierten Anforderungen wurde ein Ansatz zur Realisierung von „I-centric User Interaction“ entwickelt. Dieser Ansatz, der in dieser Arbeit vorgestellt wird, spezifiziert ein „Service Adaptation Framework“ und ein- zelne Modelle für „Generische Benutzerinteraktion“, für „Personalisierung“ sowie für „Am- bient Awareness“, die sich jeweils auf die identifizierten Problembereiche konzentrieren. Abschließend präsentiert die vorliegende Arbeit Ergebnisse einer prototypischen Realisierung des dargelegten Ansatzes. Die Ergebnisse demonstrieren die Einsetzbarkeit der entwickelten Konzepte und die Erfüllung der Vision von „I-centric User Interaction“. Die Forschungsarbeit im Bereich „I-centric Communications“ wurde in Kooperation zwischen dem Lehrstuhl für Offene Kommunikationssysteme (OKS) der Technischen Universität Berlin (TUB) und dem Fraunhofer Institut FOKUS durchgeführt. Die Vision sowie das Referenzmo- dell für „I-centric Communications“, die in der vorliegenden Arbeit vorgestellt werden, sind Ergebnisse dieser Kooperation. Die Forschungsschwerpunkte der Kooperation zwischen TUB und FOKUS waren das „Generel- le Modell für I-centric Dienste“, die „Dienstplattform für I-centric Dienste“ sowie ein Ansatz zur „Interaktion zwischen Nutzern und I-centric Dienste“. Die vorliegende Arbeit konzentriert sich auf den Ansatz „I-centric User Interaction“, der die Interaktion zwischen Nutzern und den Diensten betrachtet. Die Aspekte der I-centric Dienste werden in der vorliegenden Arbeit nicht betrachtet. Diese Aspekte wurden in einer zweiten Dissertation von Stefan Arbanowski, Fraun- hofer FOKUS, analysiert und ausgearbeitet. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit wurden in verschiedenen nationalen und internationalen For- schungsprojekten (BMBF LiveFutura, BMBF PI-AVIda, BMBF VHE-UD, IST WSI, IST WWRI), Standardisierungsgremien (OMG, WWRF), Konferenzpapieren sowie Zeitschriften eingebracht, um die Vision von „I-centric Communications“ einem größeren Auditorium vorzu- stellen. St. Steglich: I-centric User Interaction iii Preface iv St. Steglich: I-centric User Interaction Preface Acknowledgements The ideas and concepts presented in this work have been developed in the course of several research projects, which have been under- taken at the department of Open Communication Systems (OKS) at the Technical University Berlin and the Fraunhofer Research Institute for Open Communication Systems (FOKUS). Therefore, I express my gratitude to Professor Radu Popescu-Zeletin, my mentor, for giving me the opportunity to work in the unique combination of both institutes. He inspired this work with his strate- gic vision and provided continuous support, feedback, as well as mo- tivation. I owe Stefan Arbanowski a special debt of gratitude. Jointly, we fi- nally managed to find the necessary time and motivation to write our ideas down. Thank you for the inspiring discussions and the con- structive criticism. I will not forget those days of finalizing this work traveling
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