GeneticsGenetics ofof FormosanFormosan SambarSambar DeerDeer

Presented by: Liang, Hsiao-Mei Kaohsiung Propagation Station, Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan

22 November, 2011 OUTLINEOUTLINE OFOF PRESENTATIONPRESENTATION

◆◆ TheThe EndemicEndemic subspeciessubspecies ofof TaiwanTaiwan

◆◆ TheThe valuablevaluable ofof velvetvelvet antlerantler

◆◆ ProfiledProfiled ofof sambarsambar deerdeer industryindustry ofof TaiwanTaiwan

◆◆ ApplyApply RFIDRFID technologytechnology onon deerdeer farmfarm managementmanagement ◆◆ AdvantageAdvantage ofof TaiwanTaiwan deerdeer industryindustry

TaxonomyTaxonomy

● CommonCommon name:name: SambarSambar

● Kingdom:Kingdom: AnimaliaAnimalia

● Phylum:Phylum: ChordataChordata

● Class:Class: MammaliaMammalia

● Order:Order: CetartiodactylaCetartiodactyla

● Family:Family: CervidaeCervidae

•• Subfamily: •• Spcies: Rusa unicolor (Kerr 1792) •• Subspecies: 1, R. u. unicolor (Kerr 1792) Indian subcontinent and Ceylon 2, R. u. dejeani (de Pousargues 1896) South-west China 3, R. u. cambojensis (Gray 1861) Indochina, southern China, Burma and Tibet 4, R. u. hainana (Xu 1983) Hainan island 5, R. u. swinhoei (Sclater 1862) Taiwan island 6, R. u. equina (G. Cuvier 1823) Malaya and Sumatra 7, R. u. brookei (Hose 1893) Borneo TheThe EndemicEndemic subspeciessubspecies ofof TaiwanTaiwan

Cervus unicolor TheThe EndemicEndemic subspeciessubspecies ofof TaiwanTaiwan ■ Formosan Sambar (Cervus unicolor swinhoei ) The features : ■ The largest ruminant in Taiwan ■ Body weight: 200-250Kg ■ The fur is dark brown ■ Have facial glands under their eyes ■ Male have antlers, but females don’t have. ■ Estrus occurred from June to Nov. ■ Estrus cycle: about 17days ■ Gestation period: about 260 days ■ Produce one fawn each year ■ Male reaches one year of age start to grow antlers Yearly antler cycle of Formosan the hardened antlers are cast Dec. Nov. Jan. Antler pedicles start developing Oct. Feb.

Mar. Sep. antlers begin to grow from the pedicle. Aug. Apr. And the antlers tissue is soft. Jul. May =>velvet Jun. Antlers get harden TheThe valuablevaluable ofof velvetvelvet antlerantler ■ Velvet antler has been used in traditional Chinese medicines and healthy food for over 2000 years

■Studies indicate that deer velvet supplements may improve athletic performance by: ◆increasing strength and endurance ◆ increasing oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood ◆ repairing minor tissue damage from exertion ◆ boosting the immune system of athletes

ProfiledProfiled ofof sambarsambar deerdeer industryindustry inin TaiwanTaiwan ProfiledProfiled ofof sambarsambar deerdeer industryindustry inin TaiwanTaiwan

■■ Farms:Farms: 629629 ■■ QuantityQuantity ofof domesticdomestic sambarsambar deersdeers :19,226:19,226 headsheads inin 20102010 ■■ TheThe YieldYield ofof VelvetVelvet waswas 22,386kg22,386kg inin 20102010

■■ TheThe valuevalue ofof velvetvelvet productionproduction waswas aboutabout 66 billionbillion NTNT dollarsdollars inin 20102010 Distribution of domestic sambarsambar deer

Miaoli, 844 heads

Changhua , Nantou, 887 heads 6,611 heads

Tainan, 3,298 heads

Kaohsiung 1,558 heads The champion of velvet competitions within three years

Year Deer farm Velvet weight 2009 Darong Deer farm 15,112 g (Nantou County) 2010 Yuan-bao Deer 11,925 g farm (Nantou County) 2011 Tian-An-zhi-xiang 13,474 g Deer farm (Taoyuan County) Breed deer

The velvet was 15,112 Generation 1 in 2010 g in 2009

The velvet was 2,336 g The velvet was 3,255 g The velvet was 2,940 g in The velvet was 4,425 g in 2010 (ear tag number in 2010(ear tag number 2010 (ear tag number is in 2010 (ear tag is 6867) is 6808) 6819) number is 6719) The value of the deer is 1 million NT dollars

News paper reported that value of deer is 30 millions NT dollars. ApplyApply RFIDRFID technologytechnology onon deerdeer farmfarm managementmanagement Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)

RFID 耳標

Personal Digital radioed reply RFID tag Assistant (PDA) ApplyApply RFIDRFID technologytechnology onon deerdeer farmfarm managementmanagement

The data of Ear tag

Wireless network Ear Tag 96Q-1022 RFID Tag 000000000000000024

Weight 120.8Kg

Computer

The deer with RFID tag Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) RecordingRecording ItemsItems

Deer data monitor System

Ear tag no. list Ear tag no. search : item

General Add new deer Vaccination weight

Estrus data delivery

velvet Frozen sperm

Total data Cost ＆ balance Breed deer General data

Ear tag no.

weight date of Input The reason of exiting

subspecies The date of exiting

sex

The date of birth

Weight of bith group

location

source farm

the tag no. of father the tag no. of mother picture remove described

note

The date of input edit recover Animal Health Inspection and Disease Control Center Certificate

The result of Tuberculosis test is negative AdvantageAdvantage ofof deerdeer industryindustry inin TaiwanTaiwan

■■ FormosanFormosan SambarSambar DeerDeer isis endemicendemic subspeciessubspecies ofof TaiwanTaiwan ■■ DeerDeer healthhealth statusstatus isis inspectedinspected byby governmentgovernment ■■ TheThe prospectprospect ofof deerdeer industryindustry ofof TaiwanTaiwan isis brightening.brightening. Thank you for your attention