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Redalyc.Jamaica: Forty Years of Independence
Revista Mexicana del Caribe ISSN: 1405-2962 [email protected] Universidad de Quintana Roo México Mcnish, Vilma Jamaica: Forty years of independence Revista Mexicana del Caribe, vol. VII, núm. 13, 2002, pp. 181-210 Universidad de Quintana Roo Chetumal, México Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=12801307 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative 190/VILMAMCNISH INTRODUCTION ortyyearsagoonAugust6,1962Jamaicabecamean F independentandsovereignnationaftermorethan300 hundredyearsofcolonialismundertheBritishEmpire.Inthein- ternationalcontext,Jamaicaisarelativelyyoungcountry.Indeed, incontrasttothecountriesinLatinAmerica,Jamaicaandthe othercountriesoftheEnglish-speakingCaribbean,allformercolo- niesofGreatBritain,onlybecameindependentinthesecondhalf ofthe20thcentury.UnliketheirSpanish-speakingneighboursthere- fore,noneoftheseterritorieshadthedistinctionofbeingfound- ingmembersofeithertheUnitedNationsorthehemispheric bodytheOrganisationofAmericanStates. Thepurposeofmypresentationistopresentanoverview,a perspectiveofthepolitical,economicandculturaldevelopment ofJamaicaoverthesefortyyears.Butbeforedoingso,Ithinkit isimportanttoprovideahistoricalcontexttomodernJamaica. SoIwillstartwithabriefhistoryofJamaica,tracingthetrajec- toryofconquest,settlementandcolonisationtoemancipation, independenceandnationhood. -
Demeaned but Empowered: the Social Power of the Urban Poor in Jamaica / Obika Gray
DemeanedEmpowered.qxd 4/15/2004 12:30 PM Page i Demeaned but Empowered This page intentionally left blank DemeanedEmpowered.qxd 4/15/2004 12:30 PM Page iii Demeaned but Empowered The Social Power of the Urban Poor in Jamaica Obika Gray University of the West Indies Press Jamaica Barbados Trinidad and Tobago DemeanedEmpowered.qxd 4/15/2004 12:30 PM Page iv University of the West Indies Press 1A Aqueduct Flats Mona Kingston 7 Jamaica www.uwipress.com ©2004 by The University of the West Indies Press All rights reserved. Published 2004 08 07 06 05 04 5 4 3 2 1 CATALOGUING IN PUBLICATION DATA Gray,Obika Demeaned but empowered: the social power of the urban poor in Jamaica / Obika Gray p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN: 976-640-153-5 1. Urban poor – Jamaica – Political activity.2. Urban poor – Jamaica – Social activity.3. Patronage, Political – Jamaica. 4. Community power – Jamaica. 5. Crime – Jamaica. I.Title. HV4063A5G72 2004 364.2'56'21 dc-21 Cover photo by Phillip Harris Book and cover design by Robert Harris. Set in Bembo 11/14 x 24 Printed in Canada. DemeanedEmpowered.qxd 4/15/2004 12:30 PM Page v To Osonye This page intentionally left blank DemeanedEmpowered.qxd 4/15/2004 12:30 PM Page vii Contents Acknowledgements / viii List of Abbreviations / xi 1 Rethinking Power: Political Clientelism and Political Subordination in Jamaica / 1 2 A Fateful Alliance / 23 3 Fulcrums of Power in the Ghetto / 53 4 Exilic Space, Moral Culture and Social Identity in the Ghetto / 91 5 Badness-Honour and the Invigorated Authority of the Urban -
Edward Seaga
COVER FEATURE WEST INDIAN MAN OF THE YEAR Edward SeO · g Man who - � Turned Jamaica Around A feature written specially for the Bajan on its choice of West Indian Man of the Year by Hubert Williams, Chief Editor of CANA, based on an interview with Jamaica's Prime Minister Mr. �Edward Seaga. Edward Seaga lea�es nothing to chance. Socialist Manley. And it is on the basis of his And as he moves to shape the destiny of efforts to arrest Jamaica's economic spin Jamaica, this disquietingly intense man and turn the country around that the Prime intends to apply to the challenges of govern- Minister has won, hands down, this ment the same cool. calculating deliberate- magazine's nomination as its West Indian ness that won him acknowledgement from "Man of the Year 1981". friend and foe alike as the finest ever The Jamaican leader's origins make a Jamaica's Prime Minister Edward Seaga. Finance Minister the island has ever had. fascinating mix. Born in the United States, '�ill a Policy of Head-Over-Heart Put the Economy Firmly Seaga believes that one sure way of nearly Caucasian, married to a Black avoiding dangerous political pitfalls as well ".Jamaican beauty (Miss Jamaica 1964), Back on Its Feet? as economic and social chaos, is never to crown prince of the proletariat's Tivoli allow the 'heart' to rule the 'head'. It is a Gardens in West Kingston and yet the hope Seaga has himself remarked on the differ tested formula for success at the personal of big business. -
The Evolution of Political Violence in Jamaica 1940-1980
The Evolution of Political Violence in Jamaica 1940-1980 Kareen Felicia Williams Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2011 Copyright 2011 Kareen Williams All rights reserved. ABSTRACT The Evolution of Political Violence in Jamaica 1940-1980 Kareen Williams By the 1960s violence became institutionalized in modern Jamaican politics. This endemic violence fostered an unstable political environment that developed out of a symbiotic relationship between Jamaican labor organizations and political violence. Consequently, the political process was destabilized by the corrosive influence of partisan politics, whereby party loyalists dependent on political patronage were encouraged by the parties to defend local constituencies and participate in political conflict. Within this system the Jamaican general election process became ominous and violent, exemplifying how limited political patronage was dispersed among loyal party supporters. This dissertation examines the role of the political parties and how they mobilized grassroots supporters through inspirational speeches, partisan ideology, complex political patronage networks, and historic party platform issues from 1940 through 1980. The dissertation argues that the development of Jamaican trade unionism and its corresponding leadership created the political framework out of which Jamaica’s two major political parties, the Jamaica Labor Party (JLP) and People’s National Party -
The Architects of the Jamaican Constitution
he Jamaica Constitution 1962 is the most funda- mental legal document in the country, guaranteeing The Jamaican Constitution the freedom, rights and privileges of every Jamaican At the centre of the Constitution are the principles upholding citizen. The Constitution reflects the country’s inde- the rights and freedoms of all Jamaicans, ensuring the right pendence as a nation state and, to this day, remains the corner- T to “equitable and humane treatment”. These rights and free- stone of the island’s legal systems and institutions. doms are guaranteed regardless of race, colour, place of origin, class, gender, religion or political opinion. The Constitution The Constitution took effect on August 6, 1962 when Jamaica is divided into ten chapters, each of which addresses separate gained political independence from Britain, after more than aspects of Jamaica’s governance. The ten chapters are: 300 years of British colonial rule. While being the first con- stitution for the politically independent nation, it was not the first legal framework for the island. 1. Interpretation and Effect 2. Citizenship Following Emancipation in 1834, black Jamaicans struggled against the harsh realities of being a colony of Britain and their 3. Fundamental Rights and Freedoms dissent grew louder in the 1930s. 4. The Governor-General In 1938 a royal commission was appointed to investigate the working conditions as well as other political and social con- 5. Parliament ditions that were affecting the society. The investigations and reports led to the crafting and adoption of a new constitution 6. Executive Powers on November 20, 1944 which ensured universal franchise for all Jamaicans regardless of race and class. -
Perhaps One of the Most Insightful Critiques Of
Miller, Andrew Kei (2012) Jamaica to the world: a study of Jamaican (and West Indian) epistolary practices. PhD thesis http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3597/ Copyright and moral rights for this thesis are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. Glasgow Theses Service http://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] Jamaica to the World: A Study of Jamaican (and West Indian) Epistolary Practices Andrew Kei Miller MA Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy English Literature School of Critical Studies College of Arts University of Glasgow 1 ABSTRACT The Caribbean islands have been distinguished by mass migratory patterns and diasporic communities that have moved into and out of the region; as a consequence, the genre of the letter has been an important one to the culture and has provided a template for many creative works. This dissertation is the first major study on West Indian epistolary practices: personal letters, emails, verse epistles, epistolary novels, letters to editors, etc. It focuses on a contemporary period – from the 1930s to the present, and on examples that have come out of Jamaica. -
Crisis and Rebellion As Precursors of Mass Trade Unions and Political Parties in Jamaica
CRISIS AND REBELLION AS PRECURSORS OF MASS TRADE UNIONS AND POLITICAL PARTIES IN JAMAICA W. Marvin Will The University of Tulsa Tulsa, Oklahoma Paper Presented to the XIX Annual Conference of the Caribbean Studies Association Merida, Yucatan, Mexico 23-28 May 1994 Draft copy of work in progress. Material not to be cited or quoted without written permission of author. CRISIS AND REBELLION AS PRECURSORS OF MASS TRADE UNIONS AND POLITICAL PARTIES IN JAMAICA INTRODUCTION Institutional Survival and the Shocks of Indepe • once Per ,capita economic growth in Jamaica was truly phenomenal in the both the decade preceding and the decade following independence (1962) as Jamaica registered perhaps the highest per capita increase in productivity in the world (Kuper 1976, 5). Multinational and other foreign investment rushed in, tourism boomed, and although the have-have not gap was widening, a good deal of hope was generated that this prosperity would eventually reach the masses, that genuine people-level economic development would occur. But a substantial level of real development for Jamaica's numerous poor failed to occur either at this time or In the decades that followed. The largest of the newly independent insular Caribbean states (and the third largest island behind Cuba and Hispanola), Jamaica, ironically, has significant resources: bauxite; coffee; bananas; sugar; cattle; wonderful tourist sites, both for the sun-sea enthusiast and the culture-history buff; and two and one- half million energetic people. Despite these assets, Jamaica has spent an inordinate amount of time since the 1970s running only to stand still-or even to decline-on the down-escalator of underdevelopment. -
Important People in Jamaica's History
Important People in Jamaica’s History Introduction There are many important people who have helped to shape the Jamaican nation. Many of which have led or influenced the important events that were discussed in the previous topic. Here we will highlight those important individuals and their work or impact on the nation. Before we begin to list the names of these individuals, we must define a few important terms: Hero - This is a person who shows great acts of courage or strength when faced with danger or adversities. Our national heroes and heroine was named because of their services to Jamaica in a most distinguished nature. Heroine - The title given to a female hero. Our only heroine is Nanny of the Maroons. Nation - A large group of people united by history, culture or language and are located in a particular territory. Eg. Jamaica Caribbean Youth Development Institute Important People in Jamaica’s History Profile of Our National Heroes and Heroine Norman Washington Manley Born: July 4, 1893 in Roxborough, Manchester. Died: September 2, 1969 Parents: Margaret A. Shearer Thomas Albert Samuel Manley. Money: Present on the $5 coin. Short Biography Manley was a scholar, lawyer, athlete and soldier in World War I. He was the founder of the People’s National Party (PNP) and remained President for 31 years until his retirement. He played essential roles in moving the country towards independence (August 1962) and self-government (July 1959). Manley was conferred with the Order of National Hero on October 18, 1969 as per Government Notice 706 Jamaica Gazette, along with his cousin Alexander Bustamante. -
Jamaica's Difficult Subjects
JAMAICA’S DIFFICULT SUBJECTS JAMAICA’S DIFFICULT SUBJECTS NEGOTIATING SOVEREIGNTY IN ANGLopHONE CARIBBEAN LITERATURE AND CRITICISM SHERI-MARIE HARRISON THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY PRESS • CoLUMBUS Copyright © 2014 by The Ohio State University. All rights reserved. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Harrison, Sheri-Marie, 1979– author. Jamaica’s Difficult Subjects : Negotiating Sovereignty in Anglophone Caribbean Literature and Criticism / Sheri-Marie Harrison. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13 : 978-0-8142-1263-9 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Jamaican literature—History and criticism. 2. Sovereignty in literature. 3. Postcolonialism in literature. 4. Caribbean literature (English)—History and criticism. 5. Motion pictures—Carib- bean Area. I. Title. PR9265.05H37 2014 820.9'97292—dc23 2014013473 Cover design by Laurence J. Nozik Text design by Juliet Williams Type set in Adobe Minion Pro Printed by Thomson-Shore, Inc. The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American Na- tional Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials. ANSI Z39.48–1992. 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 For my parents, Audley C. Harrison and Esmin Harrison CONTENTS Acknowledgments ix INTRODUCTION • T he Politics of Sovereignty in Postcolonial West Indian Literary Discourse 1 CHAPTER 1 • “Who worked this evil, brought this distance between us?” Sex and Sovereignty in Sylvia Wynter’s The Hills of Hebron 33 CHAPTER 2 • “What you say, Elsa?” Postcolonial Sovereignty and Gendered Self-Actualization 69 CHAPTER 3 • “ No, my girl, try Bertha”: Race, Gender, Nation, and Criticism in Wide Sargasso Sea and Lionheart Gal 102 CHAPTER 4 • B eyond Inclusion, Beyond Nation: Queering Twenty-First-Century Caribbean Literature 142 Bibliography 181 Index 189 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS There is a passage in scripture about God’s care for Elijah that resonated with me throughout the process of writing and publishing this book. -
The Evolution of Political Violence in Jamaica 1940-1980 Kareen Felicia
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Columbia University Academic Commons The Evolution of Political Violence in Jamaica 1940-1980 Kareen Felicia Williams Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2011 Copyright 2011 Kareen Williams All rights reserved. ABSTRACT The Evolution of Political Violence in Jamaica 1940-1980 Kareen Williams By the 1960s violence became institutionalized in modern Jamaican politics. This endemic violence fostered an unstable political environment that developed out of a symbiotic relationship between Jamaican labor organizations and political violence. Consequently, the political process was destabilized by the corrosive influence of partisan politics, whereby party loyalists dependent on political patronage were encouraged by the parties to defend local constituencies and participate in political conflict. Within this system the Jamaican general election process became ominous and violent, exemplifying how limited political patronage was dispersed among loyal party supporters. This dissertation examines the role of the political parties and how they mobilized grassroots supporters through inspirational speeches, partisan ideology, complex political patronage networks, and historic party platform issues from 1940 through 1980. The dissertation argues that the development of Jamaican trade unionism and its corresponding leadership created the political framework out of which Jamaica’s two major political parties, the Jamaica Labor Party (JLP) and People’s National Party (PNP) emerged. Within the evolution of their support base Jamaican politicians such as Alexander Bustamante utilized their influence over local constituencies to create a garrison form of mobilization that relied heavily upon violence. -
Jamaica II a Political Overview
NOT FOR PUBLICATION INSTITUTE OF CURRENT WORLD AFFAIRS Kings ton, Jamaica April 25, 1970 FJM-- 21 Jamaica II A political overview Mr. Richard Nolte Executive Director Institute of Current World Affairs 535 Fifth Avenue New York, N.Y. 10017. Dear Mr. Nolte: Traditionally, Jamaica has been recognized as the touchstone of West Indian (British Caribbean) politics. Sister states throughout the region have followed Jamaica's historic slave rebellions in the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries. The popular uprising in Morant Bay in 1865 and the labour strikes begun at Frome in 1937 also created reverberations throughout the Caribbean. Indeed, there is great significance in the fact that Jamaica was the first British Caribbean Territory to gain full independence in 1962. (Only recently has Jamaica's paramount place been challenged by Trinidad's ardent regionalists and radical activists who are setting the direction for political patterns of the future.) Further, such historical presence in the politics of the region has been naturally re-enforced by Jamaica's relative economic wealth, size and population when compared to the Eastern Caribbean. As a result, Jamaican politics are first characterised by an ingrained sense of arrogant nationalism, a nationalism which accounts for the island's political insularity and its reluctance to fashion any binding ties with the rest of the Caribbean. This Jamaican nationalism is critically recognized though grudgingly accepted by the other Caribbean states. And no better tribute has been made to that nationalism or its effect on the nine other Caribbean states than Dr. Eric Williams' remark on learning of Jamaica's withdrawal from their aborted Federation "Ten minus one equals zero." Another pair of historical factors are perhaps more pertinent to contemporary Jamaican politics. -
Degruyter Opth Opth-2020-0134 520..530 ++
Open Theology 2020; 6: 520–530 Issues and Approaches in Contemporary Theological Thinking about Evil Anna Kasafi Perkins* Oh, Sufferah Children of Jah: Unpacking the Rastafarian Rejection of Traditional Theodicies https://doi.org/10.1515/opth-2020-0134 received January 23, 2020; accepted August 04, 2020 Abstract: The article maintains that the theological perspectives of RastafarI continue to be under-researched in the Caribbean context with perhaps more attention being paid to their contributions to the racial, musical and linguistic traditions of the region. In particular, Rasta theodicies are not as clearly articulated as other elements of its belief system even as it is recognised that RastafarI mansions and individual members do not hold homogenous beliefs about many things. The discussion takes as its starting point two prior reflections, “Just Desert or Just Deserts?: God and Suffering in these Perilous Days” (Perkins 2016) and “The Wages of (Sin) is Babylon: Rasta Versus Christian Religious Perspectives of Sin” (Perkins 2012);theformerreflection highlights the insufficiency of traditional theodicy to answer the question: “if God is good, why does evil exist?” No one answer can sufficiently do justice to the many dimensions of the question. In that regard, Perkins (2016) argues for attention to the important “answer” that the radical suffering perspective offers to the discussion (Sarah Anderson Rajarigam (2004) too emphasises divine suffering or theopathos, as the response to radical suffering. She frames theopathos not just as an option within theodicy but as an alternative to theodicy, which she derides as “the spoilt child of enlightenment that self-destructively craves for theoretical and philosophical remedies for radical human suffering” (27).).Perkins(2012) explicates a particular Rasta understanding of sin and evil, which are important elements of any theodicy.