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La Estela 1 De La Mojarra, Veracruz, Mexico

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La Estela 1 De La Mojarra, Veracruz, Mexico 16 La Estela 1 de La Mojarra, Veracruz, Mexico FERNANDO WINFIELD CAPITAINE Museo de Antropologia de Xalapa MEDIADOS DE NOVIEMBRE DE N MID-NOVEMBER 1986, after centuries 1986, despues de siglos de inmersion, una of immersion, a large and imposing stela A gran y portentosa estela fue recobrada del I was recovered from the Acula River in the Rio Acula, en la zona sureste del Estado de Ve­ southeastern part of Veracruz State, Mexico. racruz, Mexico. El monumento contiene el retrato It bears the full-figure portrait of a richly at­ de cuerpo entero de un personaJe rica mente atavia­ tired personage and an unusually long hier­ do y un texto jeroglifico inusualmente largo. La oglyhic text. The monument, though dam­ pieza aunque danada en algunas partes por roturas aged in places by breakage or superficial ero­ o erosion superficial, se encuentra en un estado sion pitting, is in remarkably good condition. francamente bueno. El proposito de este informe es It is the purpose of the present report to de­ describir este extraordinario monumento y hacer scribe that extraordinary piece and to make algunas observaciones prelimina res acerca de las some preliminary observations on the impli­ implicaciones de su descubrimiento. cations of its discovery. Ellugar donde se encuentra es en el pueblo de The site of the f.ind lies at the settlement La Mojarra en el municipio de Alvarado, aproxi­ of La Mojarra in the municipio of Alvarado, madamente a mitad de la distancia entre las cono­ about halfway between the well-known ar­ cidas zonas arqueologicas de Cerro de Las Mesas, chaeological zones of Cerro de las Mesas, en el municipio de Tlalixcoyan, y de Tres Zapotes, municipio of Tlalixcoyan, and Tres Zapotes, en el municipio de Santiago Tuxtla (fig. 1). municipio of Santiago Tuxtla (Fig. 1). Es una region deanchos y lentos r[os bor­ The area is one of wide sluggish rivers deados de manglares y con asentamientos espo­ bordered by mangroves and sporadic settle­ radicos (fig. 2). Mucho de la parte alta de esta ments (Fig. 2). Much of the higher part of this llanura pantanosa aluvial estd dedicada a pasto swampy alluvial plain is devoted to cattle para el ganado, 10 cual ayuda enormemente a reve­ pasture-a circumstance that helps greatly in lar el gran numero de sitios arqueologicos de la re­ revealing the large number of archaeological gion. En la propia La Mojarra, un grupo de mon­ sites in the region. At La Mojarra itself, a tfculos de tierra ocupa el area cercana al lugar group of earthen mounds occupies the area donde se descubriola estela (ver figuras 3 y 4). De close by the discovery site of the stela (Figs. 3 acuerdo con los pocos datos que se posseen, el & 4). According to the sketchy accounts monumento fue encontrado por casualidad bajo el available, the monument was encountered agua, aentre cinco y diez metros de la orilla este del by chance under the water between five and Acula; a una profundidad de unos dos metros ten meters from the east bank of the Acula, at (Nota 1). a depth of about two meters (Note 1). 1 2 3 EL RIO ACULA 2 THE ACULA RIVER ···:-:,··-.fL ~ ~ '\VERACRUZ • sitios arqueo/6gicos I~~~. A6aj Takafik. Cerro .".:;.:... d£. .. :.., ·-i.·.···.. '".:":." .•. :~_ '.. -_'. 3 Cas Mesas Tres Zapotes• .. San Andres Tuxtla- .... ~ .... '::,', . -, .; '. _.(',' ~.' . 0l'TE"01CO kil6metl'Os LAyO 4 VISTA PANORAMICA DE LA MOjARRA, VERACRUZ (La f!l.'clra illdiCll cllllStlr d011l71.' 51.' dl.'5Cl11wi6 la ('stela) (Arrow shows di~covcrv site of-tela) 4 .---- 5 .' EI monumento es de basalto y pesa aLrededor The monument is of basalt and weighs de cuatro toneladas. Puede ser descrito como un an estimated four tons. It can best be de­ ... bloque mas 0 menos trapezoidal de grosor irregular scribed as a roughly trapezoidal slab of ir­ (fig. 5). Mide 2.34m de alto en su Lado izquierdo, y regular thickness (Fig. 5). It is 2.34m high on 2.1Om en el derecho. Tiene 1.10/11 de ancho en la the (observer's) left side and 2.10m on the parte inferior, y 1.42/11 en la superior. EL grosor right. It measures 1. 10m across at the bottom variaampliamente, yendo desde 54 ccntimetros a15 and 1.42m at the top. The thickness varies centimetros de izquierda aderecha enla parte supe­ greatly, ranging from .54m to .15m from left rior, y de 45 centimetros cerca de La base. to right at the top, and from .17m to .45m Toda la parte tallada ocupa La gran superfide near the base. All of the carving occupies the del anverso del bloque. La cara trabajada de La parte large obverse surface of the slab. The worked izquierda de la estela estd toscamente acabada, pero face of the left side of the stela is roughly fin­ no forma angulo recto con la cara anversa (ver las ished, but does not make a right angle with secciones en la figura 5). EL resta de la pieza estd the obverse face. The remainder of the piece esencialmente sin acabar. EL grada de dana se is essentially unfinished. Damage to the stela muestra en la figura 5. face is shown in Figure 5. ... escala 1:20 .' ..... .::. .. ,. , . -,'1 '... I a:.... secciones .... ......._--...- ........ _- escala 1:10 "..... area d" dtlli" II/axill/" area of maximum Jamagl' 5 FOTO paR E. LOGM! WAGNLR 6 7 OEseRlPc/ON GENERAL GENERAL DESCRIPTION OMO PUEDE VERSE en la representa­ s MAY BE SEEN in the accompanying cion que se acompana (fig. 7), la cara tallada rendering (Fig. 7), the carved and in­ Cy grabada de la Estela 1 de La Mojarra tiene A cised face of La Mojarra Stela 1 is su espacio mas 0 menos igualmente dividido entre about equally divided in terms of space allo­ La representacion de la figura erecta y el texto cation between the depiction of the standing jeroglifico acompanante. figure and the accompanying glyphic text. El monumento fue claramente disenado para The monument was clearly designed to ser colocado en posicion vertical, ya que su parte stand upright, for its lowermost portion, or mas baja, alrededor de una septima parte de la al­ butt-about one-seventh of the total vertical tura vertical total, se dejolisa. height-was left plain. The worked portion La parte trabajada de La estela comienza con of the stela begins with a wide horizontal una ancha banda horizontal centrada por un a­ band centered by a bilaterally symmetrical rreglamiento simetrico de cuatro eirculos grandes y arrangement of four raised circles flanked by elevados, flanqueados por bandas exteriores verti­ exterior vertical bands edged by rectangular cales, con lineas, y bordeadas pOl' "lenguetas" rec­ "tabs." The upper boundary of this band tangulares. La parte superior de esta banda sirve serves as the base line for the figure, and also como linea de base para la figura y tambien como as the lower boundary of the field occupied parte inferior al campo Gcupado por la principal by the main portion of the glyphic text. parte del texto jeroglifico. The figure, in low relief, is that of an La figura, en bajo relieve, es la de un dig­ elaborately costumed male dignitary facing natario elaboradamente vestido que mira a la de­ the observer's right. A raised circle appears recha (del observador). Ull eirculo elevado aparece just off the slightly damaged nose of the fig­ justo al lado de la ligeramellte da'-lada Ilariz de la ure, and a device, perhaps an emblematic figura, y un sfmbolo encerrado ell Ull elaborado symbol, enclosed in a scrolled and "beaded" cartucho curvado y COil abalorios, ocupa la zona cartouche appears immediately in front of the inmediamente frente a la cara del illdividuo. La face of the individual. The posture of the fig­ postura de la figura estci ligeramellte girada y conla ure is slightly turned with left hand (on the mana izquierda (a la derecha del observador) ex­ observer's right) extended, holding a similar tendida, sujetando un cartucho similar pero par­ but partially damaged cartouche, also bor­ cialmente borrado, tambiell bordeado por eirculos. dered by circlets. The other hand and the La mana derecha y el objeto curvo que sujeta se en­ curving object which it holds are damaged cuentran danados e imposibles de recollocer. beyond recognition. Desgraciaaamellte, casi la totalidad del tercio Unfortunately, almost the entire lower inferior de esta figura, illcluyendo la parte baja del third of this figure, including the bottom por­ vestido, las pierllas y los pies, estci 0 biell perdida 0 tion of the garment, the legs, and the feet, is tan danada que no puede ser recollstruida. either missing or so heavily damaged as to El texto jeroglifico aparece ell 21 columnas preclude reconstruction. verticales, las cuales pueden dividirse ell dos The hieroglyphic text appears in 21 ver­ grupos principales. El primer grupo, consistellte tical columns which themselves may be di­ 1:10 en las columnas A-L, aparece como las 12 co­ vided into two main groups. The first group, ......... lumnas relativamente cortas por encima del tocado consisting of columns A-L, appears as the 12 de La figura. relatively short columns above the headdress El segundo grupo, columnas M-U, ocupa la of the standing figure. The second group, totalidad de la mitad derecha del l11onumento. columns M-U, occupies the entire right half Cuatro glifos aislados, aparentemente idellticos, of the monument. Four isolated glyphs, que aparecen en la parte superior de los brazos y seemingly identical, which appear on the sobre el componente inferior del vestido (~pierna ?) upper arms and upon the lower portions of 7 Gt'lIrxc Stuart estdn marcados como V- Y (fig.
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