BAPTI STA AGNESE

A M ERICAN C ARTOGRAPHY

T E IXT EN H ENT RY H S E T C U .

'U S T I N W I N S O R .

R P R I N T D O N E HU N D R D C O P I S F R O M T H E PR O C D I N G S O F T H E ' E E , E E , EE

M A S S A C H U S T T S HI S T O R I C A L SO C I T Y M A Y E E , ,

C A M B RI D G E O H N W I L N ' S O A N D S O N .

anihzmitg 191758. 1 89 7 .

BAPTISTA AGNESE

AND

AMERICAN CARTOGRAPHY IN THE SIXTEENTH

C ENTURY .

So as n t h r n far I k ow , e e are but two of the Italia portolanos ’ n e m i an d of Ag ese s tim in A erican l braries , both of these are - in the Carter Brown Collection at Providen ce . They have

n n . bee acquired of late years . O e is undoubtedly by Agnese m n It is the ost beautiful of his works , and well know in the t r x u history of car og aphy . The other is a work which in e ec tion bears in parts a strong resemblance to his recogn ized pro duction s t n e . It represents , however, wi hi the sam covers on some sheets the well-known views of Agnese as t o the con fig uration of the New World , but on others the conjectures of a x rival school , which made North America an easterly e tension of Asia . This is a peculiarity which militates against the atlas b n w e eing in all parts the work of Agnese , u less accept the n belief of Kretschmer, who avers that Ag ese latterly became a v th e con ert to this Asiatic theory , as shown in a world map in N b n o ational Li rary at Naples , and which with hesitation he

n . X . ascribes to Ag ese He gives a sketch of it (Atlas, VIII

No . 5) wh ich closely resembles a map in gores in the Carter

Brown atlas . Neither of these atlases at Providence is dated ; n or are they signed . It is more diffi cult to determine the period of ’ Agnese s undated work t han that of almost any other map maker of the sixteenth century , for the reason that he was i n clined to cling to favorite geographical conceptions lon g after they were thrown in doubt by n ewer discoveries . He is generally th ought to have expended more care upon the appearance of his maps than upon securing correspondence in n them to the latest views . These diverge ces are of course 1 5 71 1 3 4

m h is ost apparent in the American parts of atlases , as it was a period necessarily of constant change I n the geographical

conception s of the New World . Of no other cartographer of that time have so many speci n mens of work come down to us , and it is by no means certai ’ l n e that the cata ogue of Agnese s productio s is yet complet . i n His method of signing his maps was in these words, or v ' a ' some slight ariation of the legend Baptist Agnese , anu ” s Ven et iis ensi , fecit , to which the year and sometimes the

month and day were occasionally added . By h is own prof es

sion , therefore , he was a Genoese , working at Venice . In that s city he labored for about thirty years , turning out atlase , l t en f e w which usua ly have from to fifteen plates , but in a w t at instances sho more han double that number. These l an d lases commonly have a world map of an elliptica shape , almost invariably on that particular map he marks three or l O n e more great ocean routes by silvered or pricked ines . M ’ of these is the route , as followed by agellan s ship , to the

M . An oluccas , and its return by the Cape of Good Hope

other is to the Isthmus of Panama , and down the South

m t . l A erican coas to Peru His earlier maps a so , where the is n Sea of Verrazano recog ized , show a track , called that of F the rench , to an isthmus midway along the Atlantic coast of

North America , and continued beyond across the Pacific m a towards India . The presence of these tracks on a p hav ing other of Agnese ’ s characteristics is a pretty sure sign of

his authorship . What we know of Agnese ’ s career is almost wholly derived

from his works ; and at least half of these , as we recognize b them , are anonymous and undated . There has een some dif ference of Opinion as to the length of his cartographical ser e an d t vic . Wieser Kre schmer assign to him atlases in the

Brit ish Museum of as early dates as 1 527 an d 1 529 . Kohl 1 puts his earliest work in 530 . Harrisse start s his career with

a group of portolanos known to have been made in 1 536 . r Kohl does not trace him beyond 1 545. Har isse and Kretsch n m er find h is latest work to be in 1 564 . It is sig ificant of his want of care in regist ering the progress of geographical knowl i n 1 564 edge , that this atlas of , which is preserved in the bl M Bi ioteca arciana at Venice , the Chilean coast is still unde it w i n fined , though had been kno n Europe to have been 5

k n l s trac ed ear y thirty year . Cartier had established the insu l arit y of Newfoundland at about the same time, and still in

1 564 Agnese does not recognize its island character. F 1 885 Professor ischer , of Kiel, in counted twelve of ’ Agnese s atlases, of which he had knowledge and the editor of the Catalogue of the Geographical Exhibit in London in 8 a 1 9 5 gave the number as thirteen . Both of these prob bly ’ r b s B r eferred to Agnese s indubita le and signed atla es . ar isse , who in his French book on the Cabots first reckoned their D number, revised his count in his iscovery of North Amer ” - ica , and enumerates twenty one which are dated , and eighteen - t all . which are withou year, making thirty nine in Kretsch n -s mer, who is the latest enumerator , gives twe ty even dated , fif t - u in and an equal number undated , or y fo r all . He claims r t on e to have added to ea lier enumerations, two with da es , of 'u 8 1 542 t 1 1 543 ne , , in the Vatican , and ano her of September , , In t n u in the M useo Civico at Venice . addi ion he joins to the of b dated list six others , which two are in the National Li rary at Naples , two in the Royal Library at Berlin , and one each in the Museo Civico at Venice and in the University Library at Bologna . It is fair to say that Ruge , who touches the sub “ ” ec t j in his Kartographie von America , does not accept the ’

Kret sch m e r s . Bellio authenticity of all of newer specimens , in a section on cartography in the great Italian work co m m em o

rative s o f . of Columbu , describes ten those preserved in Italy There exists more or less u ncertainty i n determining the u genuineness of the undated atlases , beca se of the productions ’ of imitators of Agnese s work , though those of inferior skill i n artistic handling are easily discarded . In the Catalogue t é e ” des documen s g ographiques de la Biblioth que Nationale , 2 4 x b 1 89 . 1 5 which were e hi ited in Paris in , No is called Con t refa on c des Atlas de Baptista Agnese . Though Agnese was con spicuous for his conservative habit m i n in geographical views, there are a few arked stages his pro f ession al w progress , and it is to sho these , as well as his neg O lect of pportunities for better knowledge , that it may be - worth while n o w to follow his thirty odd years of work . Harrisse n a F does not appare tly ccept the views of ischer ,

Weiser, and Kretschmer regarding the atlases ascribed to the 1 52 7 1 52 years and 9 , though they seem to be accepted by “ Canale in his Storia del Commercio (Geneva , and 6

are chronicled by Amat and U z ielli in their Studi della soci eo rafi ca eta g g Italiana (Roma, 1 52 7 1 529 u e These dates, and , correspond curio sly to thos t Bor ian W of the two grea g maps of the New orld , which Kohl has illustrated in his D ie beiden al st est en General ” t h are Karten von America , and which in e be st opinions t h e work of the Spanish Royal hydrographer , Ribero . They are important as giving emphasis to a type of the American coasts which infl uenced Agnese and was followed f o r man y a - ye rs by the best contemporary map makers . U p to the time u of Ribero , the contour of So th America had been rounded t it s out hypo hetically , in distinct resemblance to actual shape and this cartographical surmise is shown in nearly all th e geo graphical notions which were entertained in American cart og ra h b p y, subsequent to the discovery of the South Sea y Balboa . O n e ff t t th e t e ect of ha discovery , with observed rend of the w South American coast on the Pacific side , as to implant con fiden ce in the separate continental bulk of that part of the N e w M . t h e World , long before agellan proved it This we see in

’ o i n 1 51 5 1 52 0 Hauslab b globes of Sch ner and , in the glo e , in t h e t h e Lenox globe , and in Green globe , a recent discovery . The same confidence is expressed in the gore s (for a globe) w n D a Boul e n er or hich pass under the ames of Vinci , g , and N

‘ den skibld ; and the same features are portrayed in the well St obn i cz a Maiollo known maps of , Apian , Verrazano , , and

Thorne . It is still the fact that after Ribero had given the stamp of the Spanish hydrographic offi ce to a western coast of South h America, whic showed no defined shore line between upper i u n ofli c ial Peru and lower Patagon a, most of the maps con tin n ed to off er an unbroken coast along sou t hern Peru an d D l Chili . This is the case with the Nancy and e Bure (gi t) - t t globes, with the well known Turin atlas, wi h bo h the single Fin ae us t and double heart maps of , and wi h the curious olive jar outline of South America given in the map which M ii n st er ae i n 1 532 furnished to Gryn us , and which is repeated in Vadi anus two years later . 1 527 1 52 9 ’ In the interval between Ribero ( , ) and Agnese s accepted popularity there had grown up a reaction from the origi n al conception of America which Colum bus had an a n o w advanced in making it e stern extension of Asia . It is well established that these views of the admiral did not meet u t h e niversal approval in beginning , and within three or four years last passed it has been rendered certain that , after the m d experiences of his latest voyage , Columbus hi self rejecte a them , and believed that sea lay beyond Central America and b h etween it and India . This evidence we find in the map whic l m an d Bartho omew Columbus carried to Ro e , which Professor

F 1 89 2 . Wieser , of Innsbruck , discovered in lorence in The m b 1 51 0 f aps, then , after a out , and for fi teen years follow ing , represent , except when the issue was avoided , as it some times was, a configuration of North America entirely distinct r d f om Asia . This is shown in a marke way in a Portuguese M w bl chart preserved at unich , hich gives an unmistaka y Asi atic and American shore to t h e North Pacific. in 1 51 3 ; an d th e m an d Hauslab b sa e views are presented in the Green glo es ,

’ Boul en er orde n skibld the g and N gores , and in the remarkable St obn i z c a . map , made in Warsaw

’ The work of t h e globe-maker Sch oner is particularly int er 51 2 esting in this respect . In his globes of 1 5 and 1 5 0 he had conformed to the reactionary view which Barth olomew Colum bus had set the example for after the last voyage of his brother .

He made a globe , which is not now known , in which he went l an d back to the original views of Co umbus, and made Asia

No rth America one and the same . He was induced to make this change of O pinion fro m finding that M agellan h ad not dis covered any continental land farther south . He may also ’ a t M have reasoned from Cortes extravag nt s ories of exican life , which others than S c h On er associat ed wi t h the barbaric splen

’ f r dors o Asia . S ch On e continued to hold these newer views 1 533 b m in , when he made another glo e , which has co e down u s 1 526 a t h e to . In the year ( ) following th t in which missing o’ M globe of Sch ner was made , these same current exican stories are known to have induced Franciscus Mo n ach u s t o place a “ ” D e b h map in his or is situ (Antwerp) , w ich remains the earliest engrav ed cartographical delin eation which we actually S ch On er have , of this same theory , which had adopted , though Ayllon in 1 520 had indicated it by placing elephants and b o n other Asiatic em lems the Carolina coast . Within the

‘ t b t h e o nex ten years , eside lost Sch ner globe , we count sev l ff era other specimen maps o ering the same characteristics . D e at These are the B ure globe in the great library Paris , of 8

C O e r- pp gilt , with Latin legends, and perhaps of German orig in , an d apparent ly to be assig n ed t o 1 528 or thereabouts ; the th e s M b 1 530 Sloane manuscript map, in Briti h useum , of a out the double cordiform m ap of O ronti us Finee n s of 1 531 ; the e 1 535 t h i a s i an wooden glob of , also in e Par s libr ry , t ll other recent discovery and th e long-kn own Nan cy globe of the same date . Besides these two theories of the North Am erican contour e e 1 536 e was c u r which Agnes had to decide b tween in , th re a ’ rent con ception which had sprung from Verrazano s voyage 1 524 c in , and which had re eived illustration in the map made by his brother, and now in the Propaganda at Rome . It had ‘ been furt her exemplified in a Maiollo map (1 52 7) now in the h Ambrosian Library at Milan . F urther t an this the views e h 1 52 7 about the west coast of South Am rica whic Ribero , in , had accepted , in leaving a long gap, where we now place the

Chilean shore , had earlier been presented in a planisphere , are s n now in the Royal Library at Turin , and likewi e show i n the Castiglioni map at Mantua which has recently been made generally known in t h e great collection of docu ments published by the Italian Government in recognition of the Columbian anniversary . e e fl These , then , were the views , mor or l ss con icting , which o wn 1 536 e Agnese dealt with in his way, when in he mad that group of atlases which constitu te t h e real beginning of h the Ag n e sian cartography . They show th at he gave to Nort e America an elongated shape, compress d midway like the n - t h e nippi g of an hour glass , in recognition of Verrazano h For theory , but whic he lived to discard . South America he accepted t h e Ribero type . Except for the discarding of t u the Verrazano Sea, he made in the maps tha are niversally conceded to be his , little change during his whole career down 1 564 be to , in his continental outline, except that extended his coast line somewhat farther north on the west shore of M n t h e exico , and farther dow towards Peru on South Ameri u t t can side . In this j dgmen we hrow out the Bologna atlas , w hich Kretschmer assigns to Agnese . There are seve n specimens still remaining of the Agnese atlases of this early date and we name them briefly D 1 5 M arch 1 . Not . 36 , 0 signed iscovered in Padua in M 1 881 n . , and now in the Correr useum at Ve ice 9

1 53 . 6 Not signed . Kohl thou ght it either by Agnese or Homem ; but it is now generally accounted the work of t h e

. in former It is the Bodleian Library . 1 536 Oct ober 1 3. I n th e t , Signed . Has eleven maps . Bri M ish useum . 1 536 . E oct quin i alis . Has nine maps . In the Biblioteca

Trivulziana at Milan . 1 536 F a di r l e u S r e . . orm rly of the G yon de e col ection (No an d lat er i n the collection of Sir Thomas Phillipps at

Cheltenham , England .

1 536 . H S . as Not igned twelve leaves . In the Royal m Library at D resden . Kohl ade a comparison of it with

M m . that in the British useum , and found it uch the same 1 536 . . Not signed . Has only three maps In the Barberi niana at Rome . - Besides these atlases , there is a single world map by Agnese i n M the British useum , which is signed . Kretschmer swells t h e number of these 1 536 atlases to eight by including this single map .

Fo r six 1 542 an interval now of or seven years , down to , we A D have no dated atlas of gnese . uring this period , though Fineen s reproduced his views of the Asiatic con n ection of North America in his m appam un di (1 536) of the single-heart i projection , that theory cont nued to be in lesser vogue , but in d n the end ied slowly , lasti g with some vitality well on M er to the end of the century . The signal appearance of a m a 1 538 be c tor forced, a counter action , and in his p of d completely dissevered North America from Asia . He a e n u b n o v ced pon the Ri ero plan of neglecti g the Chilean c ast , “ and boldly drew it in ; but allowed it to be a lit t ora in ” ’ He cognita . so far availed of Cartier s discoveries as to b indicate the land a out the Gulf of St . Lawrence as broken l — n n l f n into is ands , the beginni g of an i su ar New ou dland in e - a the gr at map m kers , and a recognition of the separate n t n A existe ce of hat earliest E glish colony , which gnese in w his undoubted maps never reached . The way with hich the - n ow t h map makers treated this nor hern region , whic ever since Cabot’ s day had been well known to the fishermen of an d h ad northern Europe , of which Cartier recently proved t h e n n t h e i sularity , is indicative of the varyi g impression which 1 0

’ n ff t in explorers stories had upo di eren minds . The maps the 1 54 0 it e Ptolemy, of , give a distinct insular independence , whil t n o w n the maps of Homem , a Por uguese cartographer comi g n b o i t . the stage , treat as Agnese always did The Nurem erg gores of abou t t h e same date (say 1 540) which S tevens under

’ s w o 1 523 took to ho stood for the missing globe of Sch ner of ,

’ but which Harrisse and Nordenskiold p u t at a much later a f r date , is equ lly indistinct in the New oundland egion . So is t Ul iu s t h e the Turin a las , the globe of p and map of t O n Alonso de San a Cruz the contrary , we have a de veloped Newfoundland i n the M ercator gores which were discovered some years ago in Brussels ; in the maps by D esli en s (1 541 ) and Vopellio (1 542 The only change shown by Agnese in this second group r n 1 542—1 546 of his atlases , cove i g , is a tendency , not always t h oc marked , to depart from the eory of the Verrazano sea, casion in g a fuller s w e ep to t h e shading off of the western s m coa t of North A erica , much as is also shown in the world map of Antonius Florianus of about t his date . Kre t schmer claims to have added the earliest of this group t t to the hi her o known atlases of Agnese , in one which he dis ' 2 i n t u n e 8 1 5 . covered the Vatican Library , da ed , 4 t S Ano her , of thirteen maps , igned , and preserved in the F d F ebr u ar 1 2 1 5 3 Laurentian Library at lorence , is ated y , 4 , n t h e M and is said to have belo ged to edici family . The Alfred Huth Collection in London has another signed

at Febru ar 1 8 1 5 3. atlas d ed a week later , y , 4 t h e m 1 5 3 Another , also signed , and of sa e date , 4 , is pre i - n th D . served e library of the uke of Coburg Gotha Kohl , t s n who copied this for his collec ion , now at Wa hingto , com

a d t h e . p red it with the Huth atlas , and foun two identical

Kretschmer seems in error in assigning it to 1 546 . Ruge 1 543 gives it . O n e 'u n e 2 5 1 5 3 d at io , dated , 4 , was exhibite the Bibl e t i n t h e m Y h as th que Na ionale in Paris Colu bian ear , and 1 8 h v . t twel e maps (No 7 of e Catalogue) . t s w 1 5 F ebru ar 5 A signed a la , of t elve maps, dated 44 , y , t h e i D is in Royal L brary at resden . O n e t M a 8 w as of fifteen leaves , signed , and da ed y , “ brought to the notice of scholars in the M it th eil u n g e n ” 1 62 . e s t 8 d . K K . Geog . G sell chaf in Wien in , and is now - i n t hgé ;Marcaana zin Ven ice . 1 1

O f this group of seven I have e xamined most carefully that in the Laurentian Library, and I suspect it is a fair type of w the others . There are three of the maps hich give America . - The first of these is the usual world map , with the hour glass contour for the continent, the Pacific coast extending f rom the Gulf of California to Chili , with a bit adjacent to the S t rait s of Magellan . It has the usu al ocean track of m m f fi M agellan . The second ap is uch the same or the Paci c coast lying over against the Asiatic shore . The third gives the two Americas ; but it more closely resem bles the Ribero l th e mode , and indicates the north and south entrances to

Gulf of St . Lawrence without developing the west coast of

Newfoundland . Closely resembling this Laurentian atlas is the one without signature or date , and already referred to as being at Provi M w . as dence ajor and Wieser ascribed it to Agnese , when it l t l ’ in the Spitzer Col ec ion , and it so c osely resembles Agnese s work that there is no doubt expressed on the point by the later writers on the subject . Spitzer and Wiener , who edited of 1 875 d the photographic reproduction it in , un ertook to ’ argue from the facts of Valdivia s particularly developing the i n 1 540 t Chili coast , and because the a las showed no recog

n i ion t 1 539 . B u t of it, tha it must be assigned to t these critics showed little familiarity w ith a n o t unusual ig n o rance or disregard of such matters in cartographers of that time , and better informed examiners have put the atlas at Harrisse l 1 54 2 later date . thinks it safe to p ace it under ; F sa 1 548 ischer , Wieser , and Kretschmer y ; and Ruge prefers t 1 550 . That it was made in the forma ive years of the

D . r auphin , Philip II , appears f om the dedication which it bears V 1 52 7 of Charles . to his son , who was born in . That it is of Italian origin seems clear f rom the use of that language in its legends ; and from its close resemblance to the signed w u car t o ork of Agnese , there can be little do bt that this g r raph e made it. It has been discussed by a larger number of M t - n i critics than any other, by Chavanne , al e Bru , Ste nhauser,

Harrisse t . Kohl , Ruge , Kretschmer, , and o hers

While Agnese was at work u pon t his middle group of his 1 544 atlases , Sebastian Cabot was using available material ( ) in

h . ur dev eloping t e River and Gulf of St Lawrence , and from o 1 2

rent kn owledge putting into completed shape the South Amer

n . a a n ica outline G staldi , nother Italian , was doi g the same in the Laf reri atlas (1 546) and in his Carta Marina in the Ptolem y

of 1 548. The map which is associated with the n ame of F Henri II . of ran ce that of Friere and one by Nicolas Vallard (1 547) all show the influen ce of Cartier an d n m a i n the later discoveries . The e graved p the Spanish sea manual of M edina was equally significant of exploration on i the South Amer can shores. B ut Agnese as studiously avoided t hem as he had done i n the past .

The third and latest group of the Agnese portolan os was

produced in the last decade of his active career, beginning in 1 55 ' 3. Those of this period which are dated are as follows 1 t e b n 1 . M 553 S e m er e . , p In the useo Civico at Venic I thi k K t retschmer is the firs to note it .

1 553 S e t em ber 1 0 . , p This is signed , and is one of the most ’ - s . extensive of Agnese s atla es , having thirty two maps It is ,

t D i . or was , in the possession of Cou n ona at Ven ce Z 1 55 'u l 1 5 n . was n 1 81 8 url a 4, y . Sig ed It amed in by ” i n x his M as ri the appendi of arco Polo , being in a p vate library in Italy . The modern enumerators include it in their lists ; but I have f ou n d n o recent reference to its presen t ownership . 1 ct obe 2 n D 55 O r 0 . x v 4, This is more e te si e even than the ona - an d a . atlas , has thirty six m ps It is signed , and is preserved M n in the arciana at Venice . It has become well k own because h as r F in it been edited by Professo Theobald ischer, of Kiel , t u a series of pho ographic reprod ctions of old maps, published

O n an ia b 1 881 . by g in Venice , this one having een produced in The American maps of th is atlas are about ten years behind t as i the known condi ions . The west coast runs up h gh as the u G lf of California , and with the discarding of the notion of

i d . the Sea of Verrazano , the continent s given a broa er expanse a Newfoundland is still a p rt of the mainland . The legends are of the maps are mostly in Latin , though some in Italian . Though at the presen t time there are Agnese atlases known t e n F to have a date years later, ischer, no longer ago than

1 886 1 554 . , thought this one of the last work of its author This h t e . , with Philip II atlas , both having been reproduced , are n aturally the best kn ow n of all . 1 3

I

1 55 . m u 4 Kretsch er makes this one without date , though R ge

Harrisse 1 554 . I t t t o and give has six een maps, and belongs the Collection of Coun t Giovanni Battista Giustiniani in Venice . 1 fl . 2 n 555 Cited in the Catalogue (No . 067) of the Laba o r 1 823 v Collection , dispersed in Pa is in ; but I ha e not traced it since . 1 559 at . Signed in Spanish , Venice and said to be in the 'u n u ara at M d Collection of Perez q a rid .

1 562 F ebru ar . b t h e , y 4 Said y Kretschmer to be in

University Library at Cat ania .

1 56 M a 2 5 . 2 . 4, y . Signed Eight maps In the British

Museum . “ 1 56 . M t S ch ifl er 4 atkovic , in his Alte Handschrif liche M i Karten , gives it as being in the arc ana at Venice , but r Har isse questions it .

D uring these ten years we find in Ram u sio in th e t Riccardian a M ar a las in the Palace , in Homem in tines and in Gutierrez not to name others , something like an even pace kept wit h advancing knowledge but we must continue to record t h e failu re of such progress in a remarkable degree with Agnese , as long as he worked .

we l These atlases , have seen , thus fa l easily into three 1 536 1 542-1 54 6 1 553-1 564 groups, marked by the dates , , , and . It is probable that the vacant in t ervals which these dates dis close were filled more or less by t h e production of those other atlases of the Agnese type which have com e down to us with of ou t dat e . Besides one these already described as in the t - b h of Car er Brown Li rary, t ere are various others , somewhat n r O uncertain umbe , as pinions vary in some cases about the

. e Agnese origin Ruge enumerates fourt en such , and Har - - . ts risse twenty one Kre chmer gives twenty seven , of which s v he claim to ha e added , as already stated , six to previous lists . This supplemental group of Agnese atlases consists of the followin g

Pari s . Nat ional Library . Ten double maps . F M in M on t elli er F r an ce . p , Library of the aculty of edicine

the U niversity .

S t ockholm S weden . F X V . , ormerly belonging to Charles of

’

w n ow . n o d S eden , in the Roy al Library Norde ski l describes 1 4

as . a it of small size , beautifully executed He s ys that this atlas an d one in his own possession are the only specime n s of - sixt ee n th century atlases in Sweden . i t v m Tu r n I al . . , y Royal Library It has fifteen lea es , s all n ah rb ri ch t octavo . W ut tk e describes it i the ' e des Vereins f ii r D 1 873 l Erdkunde . resden , . P ate VII .

Floren ce I tal . . , y National Library

R om e I tal b a B arberin ian a. O l d , y . Bi liotec riginal y ma e

. n l for Henry VIII of E g and . h m as o t . T o e R m e I al . , y In the Library of the Propaganda y , é ” 1 33 in his Les Papes g ographes , p . , describes it as having fourteen maps .

B olo n a Ital U . g , y . niversity Library The American portions ’ - K re t sch m er s l te X X . X X . are reproduced in At as, Pla III VI

i ch B ava a . M u n r i . , . Royal Library Ten maps Peschel “ ' f ii r describes it in the Elfter ahresbericht , Gesell . Erd ” ’

1 872 K un st m an n s . . kunde , Leipsic , and Atlas , Nos VI and

VII . , reproduces the American parts.

b t D F . o n u t l Germ an . W e e . lf , y ucal Library ourteen maps

D r esden S axon . L , y Royal ibrary . i n t a t V en a Au s r i . . , Royal Library It is signed and da ed F 1 5 w ebruary , but ithout year .

N a l es I tal . I t . t p , y Na ional Library is figured in Kretsch ’

X . 5 mer s Atlas , VIII .

Glas ow S cotlan d U . n g , . niversity Library Its Ag ese origin is disputed . There are four ot h e i s known t o be in private hands

L o . . Y . n don F . ourteen maps H . Thompson

Vi en n a. Twelve maps . Emperor of Austria.

P ari s. n t i Edmo d de Ro hsch ld . It has nine very small maps . D F on ran ce . M . G affarel ij , Library of Count alartic , in the Mé moires de l a Socié té Bou rguignonne de Geog raph ic

places it u nder 1 534 .

I n concl usion we pass to t h e consideration of that other s - n t - w n I f ixteenth ce tury atlas in the Car er Bro Collection . Kret schmer is right in supposing that the Naples map which he figures (Plate an d which shows the Asiatic con n e c tion N b a r of orth America , is y Agnese , the s me cha acter i st ics an d a co rrespondin g skill in workma n ship in parts of