THE IMPROVEMENT ERA a Y

Home , Avard Fairbanks, Brigham Young Monument, Carrot fly, Deseret Book Company, George Goddard (Mormon), Improvement Era

WE STOPPED at a Servel dealer's and learned that the gas refrigerator has no moving

parts in the freezing system to

wear or make a noise. A tiny- gas flame makes cold from heat,

at low cost. Isn't it amazing?

WE LOOKED at the beautiful new models and discovered a really big frozen food com-

partment . . . moist cold and dry

cold protection for fresh foods

... a big meat-keeper . . . plastic-

coated shelves . . . oh, dozens of

features . . . and such roominess!

WE LISTENED to the Ser- vel in operation and couldn't hear a sound.

MOUNTAIN FUEL SUPPLY COMPANY Better • Quicker • Cheaper EXPLORING MytafaiP

By DR. FRANKLIN S. HARRIS, JR.

In two seconds, at your The total amount of material in dust and gas between the stars is now grocer's, you can have estimated to be equal to that of all the stars themselves. cookies that would take you

Two new synthetic fibers have been an hour to mix and bake. developed by the U. S. Depart- And you'll save money, too. ment of Agriculture laboratories at Orleans, Louisiana. One fiber New For delicious TOWN is made from cottonseed protein. It is about three-quarters as strong as HOUSE Chocolate Drop wool when dry. It feels soft to the hand and has good dyeing character- Cookies cost you much istics. The other fiber is made from chemically modified cellulose, sodium less than you could make carboxymethylcellulose. This material them for at home.* is made from wood or cotton cellulose and the salts of certain metals, in- So — why bake? cluding lead, copper, and aluminum. It dissolves in soapy water or other weak alkali, which makes it useful in the weaving of special fabrics with "Cellophane-wrapped car* other fibers serving as a scaffolding. by tons average 34 TOWN HOUSE cookies apiece. 7\ new machine has been invented That makes the cost per dozen low indeed. which sets type quickly on film very without using metal. The information from the keys of what appears to be an electric typewriter is converted into a code, stored until the line is finished, then the letters are automatically spaced to give uniform line length. A decoder with a photo- electric cell projects the line onto film at the rate of six letters a second. The film can be used to make regular photoengravings for letter-press printing or plates for offset printing. With some modifications the machine could produce 3,300,000 different characters.

pHE net efficiency of the human body in performing external work does not exceed about twenty percent. The other eighty percent goes into heat. The Diesel engine can be twice as efficient.

Observations of canaries and their sleeping habits by Dr. Gustav Eckstein reveal that canaries commonly sleep with their backs to the direction where the morning light will enter. There are light and heavy sleepers—some fall off their perches every night and return to the same spot and back to sleep. Motion and sounds Id WMlm made while asleep indicate that sometimes the canary brain, like ours, may be working when it should be resting. PURITY BISCUIT COMPANY SALT LAKE - PHOENIX JUNE 1950 457 —

CAN WE MAINTAIN p J A C E ?

By DR G. HOMER DURHAM

Head o/ Political Science Department, University of Utah

'T'he loss of an American military countries, total some twelve divisions. aircraft with ten men in the Baltic It is quite likely, if Russia now pos- Sea, April 1950, underlines the uneasy sesses the atomic bomb, that twelve tension in world affairs. One feels divisions will not over-frighten ninety. only sadness, heartache, and distress The balance in favor of the west, until for the lives lost and those bereaved, recently, has been the western mo- plus distress over the circumstances, nopoly of the bomb. The dispersion if it is true, that the plane (reported of the monopoly, or the report thereof, unarmed) was shot down by Russian is. a factor in the current phase of post- fire. war instability. To calm minds, the distress and any Social scientists, carefully viewing agitation arising therefrom is not only the record and evaluating historical properly directed against the Russians experience, suggest that the develop- if they did destroy the plane, but also ment of world community, world insti- towards the general state of affairs tutions, minimum world law, and world that produced the incident. These af- order under minimum world law, are fairs are too deep-seated and complex essential imperatives of the day. The to present with clarity. But one is common denominators of human be- tempted to inquire what developments havior and agreement, they tell us, prompted the presence of one of our must be found, and if possible, volun- military craft in what has essentially tary agreement arrived at. But will become, at least in the the rulers of the various eastern half, a Russian states—will the men in lake? A Russian plane the Kremlin and the in the Caribbean, Puget men of Washington Sound, Gulf of Mexico, so agree, if the mini- would certainly raise mums could be ascer- American eyebrows, and tained and advanced? warnings. Even if in- In the shuffle, the nocently blown off United Nations is too course, the pilot of the much forgotten and American craft invites our sympathy, overlooked. Its present status is un- Let BOTANO c/e /uxe simplify as he was probably flying under orders powerful. But it represents minimum your control of Earwigs and not to let any of the plane's electronic agreement based on nearly 60,000,000 Spruce Gall Aphids. Also equipment (reported in Newsweek) casualties in human lives, and trillions fall efficient against Ants, Squash into Russian hands. If ' the Rus- of dollars in war expenditures, destruc- Bugs, Thrips, Leafhoppers (White sians ordered the plane to land, as tion, and devastation. Required read- Diseases. Fly) and many Fungus reported in some accounts f nearly all ing for every literate human being on aarbled), should the hapless pilot this planet this month should be the

I obey, or should he stick to his Ameri- Charter of the United Nations. (Why Kilt RED SPIDER can orders not to let any of the equip- not study it in your Church history on your EVERGREENS ment fall into Russian hands (as- club some night?) This does represent suming the with plane traveled under such minimum agreement between the So- orders)? If so, why were such orders viets, the Americans, and all the rest VAPOTONE-XX Spray issued? What necessities prompted as of 1945. The defeated powers, such hypothetical action? Japan and Germany, will, of course, Write for FREE booklet on These are among the questions fall into line with that basic agree- ISOTOX Garden Spray, many are asking and, in the same ment if those nations who brought the the sensational new breath, "Can we maintain peace?" charter into being will only adhere to multi-purpose garden s'pray Officials of ECA report that the it. containing lindane! American policy in Europe is to as- The future of the United Nations semble such strength as to make war rests with the men and women of this impossible—by discouraging Russia. generation. We cannot be saved from (DRTHQj Military opinion has it that Russia is the ravages of war in ignorance of the capable of putting ninety divisions into basic agreement it represents. We can If6 VS. PAT Off the western European theater as of expand the area of agreement only CALIFORNIA SPRAY- CHEMICAL CORP. this month; and that the resources of as we are informed as to the provisions the west, including the Marshall Plan of the charter and can demand expan- P.O. Box 428, Caldwell, Idaho ORTHO, BOTANO, VAPOTONE, ISOTOX. TM'S REG. 'J.S. PAT. OFF. —Atlantic Pact—American alliance (Concluded on page 462) 458 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA A y. Concept of History

JjL &CCJU&T6 understanding -* of the Gospel

These books help to build an. Adequate Concept of History:

DOCUMENTARY HISTORY OF THE CHURCH - Vol. 2 $2.00; Vol. 3, 4 $ 1 .75

COMPREHENSIVE HISTORY OF THE CHURCH-6V0I $25.00

ESSENTIALS IN CHURCH HISTORY $ 2.75 by Joseph Fielding Smith

PROGRESS OF MAN $ 2.25 by Joseph Fielding Smith

THE RESTORED CHURCH $ 2.75

by William E. Berrett

ON THE WAY TO IMMORTALITY AND ETERNAL LIFE $ 3.

by President J. Reuben Clark, Jr.

A VOICE IN THE WEST $ 5.00

by Wendell J. Ashton

THE OUTLINE OF HISTORY $ 2.95 by H. G. Wells

A STUDY OF HISTORY $ 5.00

by Arnold J. Toynbee (D. C. Somerville—condensation)

CIVILIZATION ON TRIAL $ 3.00 by Arnold J. Toynbee DESERET BOOK COMPANY

44 East South Temple Street P. O. Box 958

SALT LAKE CITY 10 f UTAH

JUNE 1950 459 Off*Haal \_Jrqan of THE PRIESTHOOD QUORUMS, MUTUAL IMPROVEMENT ASSOCIA- TIONS, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCA- TION, MUSIC COMMITTEE, WARD TEACHERS, AND OTHER AGENCIES OF

Uke L^kurcn of

of oLatter-dau S^aints rv VOLUME 53 rV NUMBER 6 ^ June 1950

Editors: GEORGE ALBERT SMITH - JOHN A. WIDTSOE - RICHARD L. EVAN5 THE COVER Managing Editor: DOYLE L. GREEN Associate Managing Editor: MARBA C. JOSEPHSON In the year 1850 Elder Erastus Snow, Manuscript Editor: ELIZABETH J. MOFFITT - Research Editor: ALBERT L. ZOBELL, JR. Apostle in the Church of Jesus Christ of "Today's Family" Editor: BURL SHEPHERD - Art Director: NELSON WHITE Latter-day Saints, was called to head a Contributing Editors: ARCHIBALD F. BENNETT - G. HOMER DURHAM group to open the Scandinavian Mis- FRANKLIN S. HARRIS, JR. - HUGH NIBLEY - LEE A. PALMER sion, and under the guidance of the Lord, CLAUDE B. PETERSEN - SIDNEY B. SPERRY the northlands of Denmark, Sweden, General Manager: ELBERT R. CURTIS - Associate Manager: BERTHA S. REEDER and Norway were dedicated as fertile

Business Manager: JOHN D. GILES - Advertising Director: VERL F. SCOTT fields of labor in the Lord's ; vineyard: That this humble beginning reaped a rich harvest is attested by the fact that nearly forty-five percent of the present- day Church membership is of Scandi- The Editor's Page navian descent, in whole or in part.

Priceless Prospects George Albert Smith 469 M.I.A. CONFERENCE

M. I. A. June conference will convene Church Features on Temple Sguare June 16, with sessions SPECIAL CENTENNIAL ARTICLES: also being held June 17, and 18. A drama Evidences and Reconciliations: CXLIV—How Many Latter- festival is scheduled for the evening of June 15, preceding the conference ses- day Saints are of Scandinavian Descent?..John A* Widtsoe 471 sions. They Endured William Mulder 472 Scandinavia—Fruitful Gospel Field Albert L» Zobell, Jr. 474 EDITORIAL AND BUSINESS OFFICES A Flame Was Kindled in the Northlands Nelson White 476 50 North Main Street

The French Mission 1850-1950 Winnifred Bowers 482 Y.M.M.I.A. Offices, 50 North Main St. A Century of Service—The Saga of the Deseret News Y.W.M.I.A. Offices, 40 North Main St.

Wendell J, Ashton 488 Salt Lake City 1, Utah The 1950 Mormon Battalion Trek ...Milton R. Hunter 478 Copyright 1950 by Mutual Funds, Inc., a Corpora- Never Give Up (Genealogy) Emilie C* P* Jordan 480 tion of the Young Men's Mutual Improvement Brigham Young Honored Marba C* Josephson 485 Association of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. All rights reserved. Sub- Lehi in the Desert—Part VI Hugh Nibley 486 scription price, $2.50 a year, in advance; foreign June Conference for the M.I.A., No-Liquor-Tobacco Column 497 subscriptions, S3. 00 a year, in advance; 25c single copy. June 17, 18, 19 j. - 461 D u- x, d Ada Presidin B.shopnc s Page . ..498 The Church Moves On 464 9 Entered at the Post Office, Salt Lake City, Utah, Brigham Young said: On Recrea- as second-class matter. Acceptance for mailing Genealogy: Never Give Up! Emi- at special rate of postage provided in tion 529 for section lie C. P. Jordan 48C 1103, Act of October 1917, authorized July 2, Melchizedek Priesthood 496 April Missionaries 535 1918. The Improvement Era is not responsible for unsolicited manuscripts, but welcomes contributions. Special Features All manuscripts must be accompanied by sufficient postage for delivery and return. Using Examples! Conclusion Louise Linton Salmon 484 Change of Address Sugar Goes to Work for Science Reed Millard 492 The Spoken Word from Temple Square Fifteen days' notice required for change of address. When ordering a change, please include Richard L> Evans 500, 508, 512, 524, 532 address slip from a recent issue of the magazine. Exploring the Universe, Franklin Today's Family Burl Shepherd Address changes cannot be made unless the old address as well as the new one is included. S. Harris, Jr 457 Home Decorating, Verla Birrell 504 These Times, Can We Maintain Blueprint for Beauty 504 Peace?, G. Homer Durham 458 Let's Go Scandinavian! 507 National Advertising ReDresentaftvei On the Bookrack 466 Your Page and Ours 536

EDWARD S. TOWNSEND COMPANY Russ Building Editorial San Francisco, California HENRY G. ESCHEN, An Anniversary Year _ John A* Widtsoe 470 EDWARD S. TOWNSEND COMPANY 1324 V/ilshire Blvd. Los Angeles 17, California ies, Poetry HARRY V. LYTLE 332 South Michigan Ave. Inspiration—A short story Elizabeth S. Norris 481 Chicago 4, Illinois These Priceless Gifts, Bessie Spen- Poetry Page 468 SADLER AND SANGSTON ASSOCIATES cer 462 Brigham Young, Gene Romolo ....494 342 Madison Ave. New York 17, N. Y. Frontispiece, "Mormon-Praedikan- Strength of Hills, Vivian E. ter" _ 467 Wood 529 Member, Audit Bureau of Circulations

460 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA JUNE CONFERENCE

for tke W.J. -J.

June 17, 18,19, 1950

Brigham Young sounded a direct challenge to the thousands of leaders of the Mutual Improve- ment Associations when he said at the time of the organization of the Y.W.M.I.A.:

I want my daughters to learn to work

. . . not to spend their time for nought; our time is all the capital God has given us,

and if we waste it we are bankrupt indeed/ CLASSIC He likewise pointed out what he expected when he organized the Y.M.M.I.A.: Shantung

We want our young men enrolled and organized throughout the Church. . . . We want them to hold meetings where they will stand up and speak—get into the habit of speaking—-and of bearing testimony.1

The leaders of 1950 have not forgotten these admonitions of Brig- ham Young. They are answering the challenge by coming to the fifty- first June Conference to be called by the general superintendence' of the Y.M.M.I.A. and the general presidency of the Y.W.M.I.A., together with the general boards of afldM the two organizations.

The program is well rounded to provide help and inspiration to those who lead youth. The camp institute will convene Wednesday, June 15, at the Wigwam, Mill Creek Canyon. On Thursday, June 16, the recreation institute will be held in Jordan Park, with a drama festi- The perfect dress for val in the evening at Kingsbury round-the-clock Hall to be given twice to accom- wear. modate the leaders. Lovely Shantung Friday's events will start off with drapes gracefully, looks a reception on Temple Square at and is so comfortable eight a.m. The general sessions will for warm weather. convene on Friday in the Taber- nacle. The dance festival, in which Pastels and dark colors. 5,000 will participate, will afford the Misses Sizes 12 to 20. grand finale of the day at the Uni- Women's Half-sizes versity of Utah stadium. 14i/ 24l/ 2 to 2 . Saturday will be devoted to department sessions, many this year including special features for stake Send Mail Orders to Margot leaders. Saturday night's events Manners. Include 14c postage. {Concluded on following page)

1 Leon M. Strong, A History of the Young Men's Dresses—Downstairs Store Mutual Improvement Association, 1875-1938, pp. 12, 13. STORE JUNE 1950 461 — —) —

June Conference for the M. I. A.

(Concluded from preceding page) will be the music festival in which

1 800 young people will participate, and the speech festival which will feature the various speech activities in the Church. The music and speech festivals will be held in the Tabernacle. Sunday will offer the grand conclusion of the conference with the Tabernacle broadcast, the testimony meeting, the general session under the General Authorities, and the Young People's conference in the

evening. M. C. /.

-»

These Times

Concluded 5 ( from page 458 ROOMS sion and usage its of provisions. What a tremendous boost to world morale,

to the cause of peace, would result if OF President Truman were to announce that he was temporarily going to represent the U.S.A. on the Security SOLID Council, even if for a single meeting! Or if Mr. Trygve Lie were to ex- ploit fully the possibilities of Article COMFORT 99: The Secretary-General may bring to the attention of the Security Council any mat' rer which in his opinion may threaten the maintenance of international peace and se- this it's a With many families and charming home curity. case of "love at first sight." For seldom has there been The sober facts of life are that we so much livability and comfort incorporated into a mod- can only control and use that which erate sized floor plan. From the exterior the lines are we know. The United Nations will be used only at the whim of those gracious and inviting . . . and the interior offers a world immediately concerned with it unless of living for a family. growing world opinion becomes informed as to its future potential and makes effective political demand for its usage.

It is an instrument repairing It's just one of scores of architecturally correct and worth and strengthening. What does the charter soundly designed homes found in our Building Service provide? If you do not know, why Department. We invite you to see them. Complete not secure a copy and find out? Mean- time, prayers for peace and wisdom blueprints and specifications are available at very mod- must go hand in hand with knowledge. erate cost. You'll find pointers, dozens of professional But we shall not be saved in ignorance too, that will be of real help in selecting a home to meet in these times. your needs.

THESE PRICELESS GIFTS

By Bessie Saunders Spencer

HPhese priceless gifts of life were mine *- To place upon my heart's own shrine A springtime wrapped in golden light, A nosegay-June in bridal white, The moon in ribbons of the sea, Sun tied around a redbud tree. These packets that the years have sent Had vivid shades as seasons went That would have been of paler hue Had I not shared them all with you. 462 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA OFFERS TO SEND YOU OF THESE ANY TWO FINE BOOKS FREE WITH MEMBERSHIP

CHOOSE ANY TWO OF THESE FINE BOOKS WITH MEMBERSHIP THE GREATEST STORY EVER TOLD By Fulton Oursler The first basically differ-

A reverent, faithful tell- ent word guide in years ! ing of the sublime story of Contains over 145,000 en- Jesus, bringing Him and tries, 1,420 pages; meas- 1 1 thos£ whose lives were ures 6 /2 "x9 /i" in size and

entwined with His excit- is . beautifully printed on ingly close to you. A book fine paper. A must for the

your family will cherish. permanent home library ! Publisher's edition, $2.95. Publisher's edition, $5.50.

WEST OF THE HILL AMERICA COOKS GENTIAN HILL By Gladys Hasty Carroll By The Browns By Elizabeth Goudge You'll be enchanted by Contains over 1600 reci- The famous and beloves this hea it- warming story pes — the finest of each author of "Green Dolphin of a beautiful young of the 48 states — from Street" and "Pilgrim's Maine girl and her escape mouth-watering old-fash- Inn" now tells a magical from poverty and loneli- ioned favorites to up- tale of two orphans who ness into the kind of life to-the-minute taste sen- came together to relive she thought was an im- sations ! Crystal-clear one of the most beautiful possible dream. A new directions make it impos- legends to be found in kind of love story. Pub- sible to go wrong. Pub- English folklore. Publish- lisher's edition, $3.00. lisher's edition, $2.49. er's edition, $3.50. BOOKS FOR THE WHOLE FAMILY AT ENORMOUS SAVINGS MAIL COUPON NOW! cs YES, you are invited to accept any two of the necessary to purchase a book every month—only wonderful new books shown on this page as four each year to retain your membership. All se- TWO BOOKS FREE your FREE MEMBERSHIP GIFT BOOKS when lections are new, complete, well-printed and WITH MEMBERSHIP you join our Book Club! Read, below, how the well-bound. And your books will be delivered FAMILY READING CLUB, DEPT, 6 ER Family Reading Club operates; then mail the to your door by. the postman—ready to read! MINEOLA. NEW YORK coupon to join the Club and get your TWO Free "Bonus" Books Please send me at once the two books I have FREE BOOKS-Wdy/ checked below as my Membership Gift Books. The Family Reading Club distributes a "Bon- How the Club Operates us" Book free for each four Club selections you The Greatest Story D Wesf of ,he Hi " Ever Told The Family Reading Club was founded to se- take. These books will meet the high Club fj New College America Cooks lect and distribute books for the whole family- standards of excellence, interest, superior writ- Standard Dictionary books which are worthwhile , interesting and ing and wholesome subject matter—and you can n Faith to Live By Gentian Hill entertaining without being objectionable in any build up a fine home library this way at no extra Also enroll me as a member of the Family way. Each month publishers are invited to sub- expense. The purchase of books from the Club Reading Club and send me, each month, a mit books they believe will meet the Family for only $1.89 each— instead of the publishers' review of the Club's forthcoming selection— accept or reject as I choose. Reading Club standards. Our Board of Editors regular retail prices of $2.50 to $4.00—saves which I may There are no membership dues or fees—only then selects the book it can recommend most en- you 25% to 35% of your book dollars. And the requirement that I accept a minimum of thusiastically to members. These are books which when the value of the Bonus Books is figured in, four Club selections during the coming twelve every member of your family can read—hooks to you actually save as much as 50%! months, beginning with the current Club selection, at only SI. 89 each, plus postage and be read with pleasure, remembered and dis- Join Now — Send No Money handling. As a member I will be entitled to a cussed with delight, and retained in your home free Bonus Book with each four Club selections If you believe in a book club which will ap- library with pride. I accept. peal to the finest instincts of every member of Mr. What Membership Means to You your family, let us introduce you to the Family Mrs There is no charge for membership in the Reading Club by sending you your choice of Miss (Please Print) Family Reading beyond the cost of the any of the books shown as Club TWO above your Street and No books themselves. You pay only $1.89 each free Membership Gift Books. Just mail the cou-

(plus postage and handling) for the books you pon today. However, as this unusual offer may City.. ..Zone.. .State.. purchase after reading the book review which be withdrawn at any time, we urge you to mail Age, if will to your each It come home month. is not the coupon NOW! Occupation Under 21 FAMILY READING CLUB • MINEOLA, NEW YORK Same price in Canada: 105 Bond St.. Toronto 2

JUNE 1950 463 MMramYtM THE CHURCH MOVES ON

\Jke D. G, June 1, and later moved to its Aoril 1950 permanent place in Statuary Hall.

7 Two thousand priesthood leaders 1 A After several months of bar- met in a private morning session gaining, the state of Utah ac- vVeaal in the assembly room of the Salt Lake cepted the bid of the Church of % Temple. $72,500 for the old Salt Lake Armory board had previously Religious problems of nearly five lot. The state offers for this proper- thousand college students enrolled in received several offers except that by the the Church institutes of religion in five ty, but all western Church were below the appraisal of is an event of such states were discussed in the annual conference of institute leaders the Salt Lake real estate board. It dignity and solemnity held in the department of education is expected that the Church will ex- offices. The theme of discussion was change this property for some in the that there rnust of the tabernacle. be no "Building a More Vital Faith in Our block north College Students." errors or incongruities. At the semi-annual meeting called 1 £ Earl W. Allen sustained as by the Every detail must be cor- Presiding Bishopric, announce- president of the Hyrum (Utah) ment was made that effective July 1, Stake, with Byron Snow and Grover rect to be consistent with the responsibility of the L.D.S. girls' Haslam as counselors. Retiring presi- program will be transferred from the dent was Edwin Clawson and his the dignity of such an oc- Presiding Bishopric to the Young counselors, Preston Brenchley and Women's Mutual Improvement As- Kenneth Lyons. casion. sociation. Elwood J. Corry sustained as presi- Many of the returned missionary dent of the Cedar (Utah) Stake, suc- and servicemen groups held their ceeding David LeRoy Sargent. Coun- semi-annual reunions. selors are Kumen S. Gardner and Paul K. Edmunds who served in that Sc>0 must the WEDDING Q General sessions of the general capacity with President Sargent. conference continued, including STATIONERY be fine to a general priesthood session. 1 7 Roscoe Eardley of the Church bespeak the dignity and Other mission and servicemen welfare committee and chairman groups held semi-annual reunions. of the storehouse and food-processing rightness of the occasion. The schooner-rigged yacht for the committee of that organization, died. Tahitian Mission arrived at Papeete, A system of financing similar The vogue to and good- after a good voyage from the Cali- that of new chapel construction will fornia mainland. be used in building the field house taste of the time is re- Early construction of a new six- for Brigham Young University, in that story nurses' home adjacent to the flected in the selection of the University, its friends, and alumni L. D. S. Hospital in Salt Lake City, will be asked to raise one half of the wedding stationery we announced. money for the $900,000 building. The Church will provide the other half, be- present. President Reuben Clark, ginning with an advance of $100,600. 9 J. Jr., was the speaker on Columbia's This will be used to get construction "Church of the Air." underway as soon as possible, in the This was the first radio program of hopes of having the building near com- the Salt Lake Tabernacle choir and pletion for the 1950-51 basketball sea- organ to be televised. Televising of son. the regular network hour was limited to KSL-TV. Torlief S. Knaphus has been Final general sessions of the general 19 commissioned to complete a new conference were held. monument on Temple Square in her©ic Semi-annual general conference of size depicting the twenty-one-year-©ld the Deseret Sunday School Union held Prophet Joseph Smith receiving the ESS with "The Sunday School program gold plates from the Angel Moroni. helps to develop true Latter-day The monument is expected to be com-

Saints" as the theme. A tribute was pleted by April 1, 1951. 40 Richards Street also given to President George Albert Lionel C. Going, native of New Smith and accepted by his daughter, Zealand and president of the San Salt Lake City Edith Smith Elliott. Dieguito Branch, California Mission, appointed by the First Presidency to A The statue of | Brigham Young supervise construction of new build- will be unveiled in the rotunda ings for the Church's Liahona College of the Capitol Building, Washington, on the island of Tongatabu, Tonga. 464 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA — .

Fire damaged the chapel o£ Moroni West Ward, Moroni LOW-COST (Utah) Stake, to the extent of $80,- 000. CASE TRACTOR Two new sports events were added to the summer activity for M Men of MAKES FARMING division nine: a golf tournament Au- gust 17-23, and a baseball round robin FAR EASIER tournament also in August. A volley- ball meet will be conducted May 10-13, the tennis meet August 19-26, and the softball tournament will be played August 16, 17, 18, and 19. Implements Mount Q Hillside Ward, Hillside {Salt Lake City) Stake, created from portions of Beacon and Laurelcrest wards, with Spencer L. Felsted, bishop. in a MINUTE Marden D. Pearson, former second counselor, sustained as president of FROM the Sevier (Utah) Stake, with his counselors Arnold L. Peterson and TRACTOR Junius F. Powell. Released were Presi- dent Irvin L. Warnock and Alten SEAT Christensen, his first counselor.

Daniel S. Frost, former first counse- Simplest 3-point Hook- president of the Kanab lor, sustained as Up you ever saw. Just (Utah) Stake, with Thomas L. Esplin, pull cord to open latches former second counselor, and Odell —touch hydraulic control to engage Eagle Hitch Watson as counselors. Released J. slip in one pin—and go! was President Israel H. Chamberlain. Elder Harold B. Lee of the Council of the Twelve dedicated the combination San Diego Stake house and North Park Ward chapel at San Diego, California.

9 A The concluding sessions of a two-day meet in the Oahu IMPROVED MODEL (Hawaii) Stake closed the convention season for the 1949-50 M.I. A. year. General Superintendent Elbert R. Curtis and General President Bertha NEW Eagle Hitch S. Reeder were in attendance. Thomas W. Muir, formerly second counselor in the Emigration ( Salt Lake NEW Latch-On Implements City) Stake, succeeded George A. Christensen, recently appointed president of the Australian Mission. Coun- selors are Rulon W. Clark, who NEW Hydraulic Control served in the same capacity under Now the Case President Christensen, and Rex W. • Model "VAC". . Williams. already the "most tractor for the PASTE ON PENNY POST CARD in money the low-cost class" . . . gives Mark machine* that interest you; Wendell B. Christensen, formerly a great new value you can't get in Write in margin others yovj need; Mail to I, Case Co., Dept. first counselor in the Palo Alto (Cali- J, any other tractor at any price. Its F-44, Racine, Wis. fornia) Stake, succeeded Henry C. new Eagle Hitch gives you a 3-point Jorgensen, recently appointed to the hook-up to a plow or other rear- mounted 2 -Plow "VAC" tractor general committee of the Church wel- implement in one minute D —and you don't even to O Larger 2-Plow "SC" fare program. Counselors to Presi- need get off the tractor seat. D 3-Plow "DC" tractor dent Christensen are Sidney V. D 4-5 Plow "LA" tractor Badger, formerly second counselor, New Latch-On plows hold their D Tractor Plows and Richard B. Sonne. depth regardless of hard spots and uneven ground—work at even depth Grain Drills Imperial Ward transferred from across old rows, over dead-furrows D Precision Planters Highland (Salt Lake City) Stake to and terrace ridges! Brand-new hy- East Mill Creek Stake in a move to draulic control with engine-driven NAME straighten stake boundary lines. pump is independent of clutch and gears works fast moving or standing. POSTOFFICE Williams Ward, Bannock (Idaho) — See your Case dealer—learn how Stake, chapel dedicated by Bishop RED STATE little it costs to own a "VAC." Thorpe B. Isaacson. JUNE 1950 465 ©>4 TIHI E^ |^S &*Az\sCt4z\&

VOICE IN THE WEST Juvenile delinquency is not far away, (The Biography of a Pioneer News- nor is it only in the large cities. It threatens at our very doors, every- paper. Wendell J. Ashton. Duell, Sloan and Pearce, New York. 424 where. This book could profitably be pages. Illustrated. 1950. $5.00.) read by all who are charged with TThis is the centennial story of The supervision of youth.— /. A. W. June Deseret News, founded June 15, HOW TO PRAY AND STAY Salad 1850. AWAKE Of course every student of American (Max B. Skousen. Ensign Publishing Delight history and every Latter-day Saint Co., Los Angeles. 1949, second edi- should possess this book. The author tion. 152 pages.) calls it the biography of a pioneer ! Tnder this unusual title, the place newspaper, The Deseret News. It is and effects of prayer in human that, but much more. It is also a liv- lives are presented. It is a thoughtful, ing picture of the growth of an empire faith-promoting volume expounding in the desert. Clinging to the trail the fundamentally important practice of Deseret News history, as a multi- Yatur family and guests will love of prayer. In eighteen brief chapters, tude of camp followers, are personal, the idea of serving Clover Club prayer is discussed in its relationship historical, heart-stirring, and thrilling Potato Chips with salads. They not to God, the Holy Ghost, thanksgiving, events, few available in any other only taste good, add a festive touch humility, faith, desire, fasting, and the book. The author has "stayed with to your salads, but provide the salt family. Other chapters are devoted history," but romance overflows every- your body needs on hot June days. to: what to pray for, the necessity of where. It could not well otherwise be ceaseless praying, prayer and the Sab- in the story of a newspaper cradled in bath. It is a stimulating volume writ- the desert, which set forth, week by ten in faith, and with the desire to be week and day by day, the simple drama in full conformitv with the teachings of the struggle an<4 strength and con- of the Church.—/. A. W. quest of a people building for human good. It makes good reading. THE HUMAN VENTURE IN SEX, In twelve chapters, well-docu- LOVE, AND MARRIAGE Cooling mented and well-written, the story of (Peter A. Bertocci. Association Press, The Deseret News is told its New York. 143 pages. 1949.) Tasty from first home in a little adobe cabin with T^his Haddam-House book answers Spreads a hand press and a scarcity -of type in no uncertain terms the wide- and ink, to the modern, fully-equipped spread fallacy that chastity among men plant and magnificent organization of and women is not necessary. The

today. More than half a hundred il- author shows convincingly that love lustrations add interest to the volume. under self-control leads to a philosophy Clover Club Potato Chips are big All in all, it is a worthy biography of increasing joy in life. Chastity 1 potatoes!) — (sign of U.S. No. of a worthy newspaper which through- reaches into the depths of human ex- it's fun to spread pea- that's why out the century has sought not only istence and brings out the vast possi- nut butter, honey, cream cheese or to interest and entertain its readers, but bilities of making the most of love. your favorite meat spreads on them. also to reflect faithfully, from period There is no substitute for the clean, Simply delicious! to period, the conditions under which natural life. This is said by a new its readers live. voice, needed in this day. —/. A. W. Congratulations to all concerned! Freshness Doubly Protected! May the next century be as great THE BOOK OF KNOWLEDGE (Publisher, Grolier Society, Inc., as the past in human service for The The This month the popular Party- — New York. 20 volumes. $119.50.) Deseret News. J. A. W. Picnic size package of Clover Club Tn school libraries, in public libraries,

Potato Chips is double wax- JAILBAIT and in homes where the love of (William Bernard. Greenberg Pub- wrapped — keeps light out, keeps learning is held high, The Book of those delicious chips fresh even lisher, New York. 1949. 216 pages. Knowledge has long been in evidence. longer! You can help keep them $2.50.) The latest edition of this, "The in fresh by keeping them out of direct HThe story of juvenile delinquency Children's Encyclopedia," is a color- sunlight, folding the top of the America is ugly. Since it is one ful, purposefully organized compila- package after each use. And you're of America's gravest problems, it must tion. sure they're fresh, delicious when be faced and solved. That justifies For more than a generation this this volume. The shocking facts about you buy . . . work has ranked among the foremost delinquency will be a revelation to of reference works for young people. most readers. To parents it will cause It is truly remarkable how much of all a new determination to protect their that is of interest in life and literature children from the conscienceless ele- has been presented in these pages in ments ever seeking to lead youth into Clover a way that is easily accessible and Club trouble. The author happily sets up readily readable. POTATO CHIPS his plans for reform. {Continued on page 519) 466 THE IMPROVEMEN! ERA "MORMON" MIS- SIONARIES IN A DANISH PEASANT HOME IN THE 1850's. From an oil painting in the State Museum of Art, Copenhagen.

3awiovis p

Evidence that the preaching of the restored gospel in Scandinavia left a deep and lasting mark, upon the minds of many people is the painting above. It depicts with loving and sympathetic realism the impressions gained by an itinerant young Danish artist, Christen Dalsgaard, during his painting and sketching trips through the Dan- ish countryside of a hundred years ago. Significant in detail and of a rare, poignant beauty, this painting—above all others in the artist's lifelong career—gained for him everlasting fame when it was acquired by the Danish govern- rr ment for its permanent collection in Statens Museum for Kunst," the State Art Museum, in Copenhagen, Denmark. ^^O

JUNE 1950 467 — — - —

A CENTURY LILAC BUSH THESE ARE THE FIELDS BABY LEFT WITH HIS FATHER By Frances C. Yost By Elaine V. Emans By Edythe Hope (Note: One hundred years ago, Harriet T Tf who would come as a conquering Page Young set out a lilac bush which is are the fields that wait, HPhese •*• hero after still blooming on the Bee Hive House * Resurgent with new flood of life. day at work and lift his grounds.) A young son This is the flagrant hour of the throbbing high, /^\ne hundred years ago this lilac's roots cycle, To be rewarded by a squeal of laughter ^-^ Were planted where once sovereign Waiting . . . waiting . . . but no plowshare When Mother was at home, now hears sage stood. comes. him cry Amid the graying green of sagebrush No cleaving the proud soil, close-joined in With a feeling that's akin to helplessness. shoots death, He tries the standard tricks to stem the A lady toiled with hoe to clear wild wood. These are the fields that have been sown flood; With supple palms she worked the pliant in hate He makes a funny face with no success loam And shall be reaped in mold and corruption. And marvels that his very flesh and blood Such pulsing roots would help the earth Here plunge the roots of the blossoming Is blessed with such magnificent lung- to sing weed, power.

And glorify the pioneer's new home. Dark and tentacled . . . unnourished by His ego sags, and he is dismayed to learn

Blooms will bedazzle; fragrance scent the fragrant manna, ( He has at least another dragging hour spring. But fed on crumbling bone and stench of Before the little lady will return, blood, And see, without his personal admitting, Huge purple-mauve, or feathery-white Deep and not forgotten. How short he comes of expert baby-sitting. lace; Here no bright wing of sun brushes the Such galaxy, these scented, tossing plumes, panting sod; » With handsome glossy-green foliage they No clear rain of April defies the bleak grace. LIKE ... drouth, A CHILD TO FATHER These florets fill the air with sweet per- These are the fields that remember spring, fumes. By Georgia Moore Eberling The bright blade . . . the furrow-hook . . . When in its presence, this regal high bush, the circling hawk . . . Otrange how the heart can see I sense a solemn and reverent hush. And now must wait, old, and suddenly ^ With clearer sight alone. Than can the eyes.

NO RETURN Today I saw you In the spring sunlight By Berta H. Christensen That gilded paths HE KEEPS HIS HOME FIRES "Tust one more story," but I promptly WHO Where you went to and fro LIT W'hen I was small. ) said, "I'm tired, son," and hustled him to bed. You came again years between By Margaret Connelly Brief as acacia bloom seem Walking familiar ways hour and this one robbed of That poignant Erect and tall. TUTis neighbors said, "This man, he is a light. My heart evoked your image until the dawn, A •* How gladly would I read failure Plain and true he but call tonight! Because his farm is weedy and unkempt!" Could And, like the child I used to be, They had not reckoned his with gracious My heart ran to meet you. kindness UNITY And courtesy to folks. Farms are exempt When dealing out a life of love and kind By Evelyn Wooster Viner words. PRAIRIE FARMER His child but heard his step and ran to I saw the nations thought him By Inez Clark Thorson I vast array, Parade in To show a new-found daisy from the road- far beneath me T_Je does And I felt them side not see the ocean's turbulence I knelt to pray. *- A As down One time, a shining redbud-broken limb! Nor watch its tight-clenched fist beat There were all creeds and colors at the sand; far-flung land, From every His wife? I think if you could only see her But he can look on prairie grass that But I saw us fused together Fond smile when, back from work, he sweeps As one in the Master's hand. reached the door Like soft, green billows far across the land. And saw her "fix her hair" as if a sweet- He does not feel the ocean's violence heart DAUGHTER Nor ruthless pressure of its mighty will; A FATHER'S Were calling, then I know, forevermore But he can feel soft-fingered rain against You would not say again, "This man's a His face as he stands on a summer hill. By Elizabeth Reeves Humphreys failure,"

fires gaily lit loved the rolling thunder-drums, For he who keeps his home Nor does he see a harbor nor gray ships HE Is prince of life and cannot be a failure— A piled-up, yellow-sulphur sky; Turn home, wave-buffeted and tempest- For love is king. Oh, I am sure of it. Stood unafraid outdoors to watch torn; he The fury of a storm go by . . . But can watch the gulls like silver He'd call to me, clouds "Come out and see." Above wide fields where he has planted corn! He liked to stand with feet apart To balance on a heaving ship, Laughing as she fought the waves RURAL GRAMMAR And shook free from a storm's mad

grip . . . By Thelma Ireland Then call to me, like a cozy, rural place "Come watch the sea." If * That's not metropolis, He bent the twig ... I love wild weather Where trees enclose the country road Today as when we watched together. In their parentheses. 468 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA PRICELE D

vDia president Ljeorae ^/wlMft JDmith mgp^

o\J NE of the sorrows in life not only the Old Testament scriptures and Is to see a man or woman laid away in the New Testament scriptures, but also the Mother Earth with a realization that he has Book of Mormon, which gives additional refused the greater blessings that our Father testimony to the teachings of the divine offered to him, and has continued grasping at mission of our Lord, and that he has revealed the bubble that has itself disappeared. When to us through the Prophet Joseph Smith the I think of the millions of God's children in doctrines that are necessary for us to observe the world who little realize the things that in order that we may have the companionship are really worth while, I feel exceedingly of our wives and our children, our fathers sorrowful. and our mothers, throughout the ages of If I were to think, as so many think, that eternity. that beloved wife and beloved now my my We are not in doubt as to the outcome. parents are gone, that they have passed out The Lord has not only said unto us, "In my of my life forever and that I shall never see Father's house are many mansions, ... I go them again, it would deprive me of one of to prepare a place for you," but in the day the greatest joys that I in life: the con- have and age in which we live the Lord has re- templation of meeting again, receiv- them and peated in plainness certain requirements ing their welcome and their affection, and which must be complied with if we would of thanking them from the depths of a grate- enjoy his most priceless promises. ful heart for aH they have done for me. We are all of us passing rapidly to that But there are many, many millions of our time when we wil be called hence. If we Father's children who do not know that by did not understand that there is a future partaking of certain ordinances prescribed by life, if we did not realize that there is some- our Heavenly Father, husbands and wives thing more than the experience we have re- may be united for time and eternity and en- ceived thus far, if there were not anything joy the companionship of their children for- but the vanity and vexation of life for us to ever. How thankful we should be for that live for, there are many, it seems to me, who knowledge. would grow weary in the struggle that must I am thankful that there has been revealed be made for existence here. But in mercy to us and made plain in this latter day that our Heavenly Father has bestowed upon us this life is not the end, that this is but a part the most wonderful gifts that can come to of the plan of eternity, and that if we take humankind. advantage of our privileges here, that this is but the steppingstone to greater and more Think of the tenderness of our fathers and desirable conditions. mothers; think of the homes of prayer where-

I am thankful to know that all that is good in we have been taught; think of the teachings and pure and holy, all that is sweet, and all that have come to us of honesty, industry, that is worth while in life may be enjoyed integrity, sobriety, purity, and cleanness of within the folds of the Church, and that life; think of the renewal of all these cher- there has not been withheld from us one ished associations with the loving companion- single blessing that mankind may enjoy. I ship of wives and husbands and parents. £m thankful that the Lord has given to us (Concluded on following page)\

::&r>l&**jOr>m <^c^V^<^«<^^v^<^t^<^<^--^c^«^t

JUNE 1950 '469 -^t^-x^-x^*-^-^ f-< THE EDITOR'S PAGE ^lJ^

(Concluded from preceding page) and while doing it, find peace of This is our Father's work, this These, my brethren and sisters, mind, contentment, and happiness. is the gospel of Jesus Christ, it is are some of the the power of God unto salvation to choice blessings The gospel of Jesus Christ is that all those who believe and obey it, the Lord has promised those not a difficult road to follow; it is and I pray that we who are in the who live for them—and all that he the pathway of peace in mortality earth in this our day may be re- has asked of us in return for the and gives assurance of the blessings newed in determination to be loyal fulness of the earth, all that he has of the Lord when life's labor on and faithful to those things that asked of us in return for the bless- earth is completed. are righteous, and that we will live ings of this life, all that he has Let us not be blinded by the cun- to honor him who gives all we en- asked us to do in order that we may ning of the adversary into exchang- joy and who offers us the blessings enjoy eternal life in his celestial ing any of these wonderful gifts of eternal life, eternal progress, kingdom, is to follow the simple for the foolishness that attracts eternal increase in his celestial king- teachings of our Lord that he has mankind, for the pitfalls that have dom. May the Lord help us to given to the children of men, that been prepared by the enemy of all merit his blessings, is my prayer, all men may follow if they will. righteousness. in the name of Jesus Christ. Amen.

tTOM ^

forms one of the most glorious chap- ^vn ^J4nniver$am ijiear ters in the history of the Church. Then a newspaper was needed, one to hold the people together at The year 1850 found about 1 1,000 restoration of the gospel of Jesus home and help the people abroad. Latter-day Saints in the Salt Christ. The infant school of that The Deseret News was launched, Lake and surrounding valleys. has helped shape the labors of day the first newspaper in the valleys This a small people. a hundred years was army to accom- the Now, of the mountains. The first number plish a still clinging to the act of its huge task. The desert later, was issued on June 15, 1850. around them was yet to be con- creation, the University of Utah Throughout the years, the News quered. Nevertheless, they dreamed looks happily, courageously into its has been spokesman to us at home greatly of mature future. world conquest. They more and to those beyond concerning conference had truth, before which all things At the October 1849 the hand of the Lord over his chil- great leader must in the end bow in submission. of the Church, the dren on earth. It was their obligation to teach Brigham Young moved toward the Thus we celebrate this year that truth to the whole world, for realization of the world vision of 1950, the century anniversaries of "There is no eye that shall not see, service. Up to that time, all mis- these great movements and institu- neither ear that shall not hear," sionary endeavors had been con- tions: the founding of the Uni- until every knee shall bow before fined, save in one instance—the versity of Utah; the beginning of the Lord. Tahitian—to English-speaking peo- missionary work among non-Eng- Through the dust of every up- ples. Now the world was to hear lish-speaking countries; and the rooted sagebrush, they saw the the glad message in many tongues. beginning of The Deseret News, a coming day when the kingdom of Erastus Snow was called to head 'voice in the west" to all the God would cover the earth. Every a group for Scandinavia; John Tay- world. plowed and seeded acre would help lor with his group was assigned to Pride wells within us as we look bring about the eternal purposes of France; Lorenzo Snow to Italy and to the past years. We have a noble the Lord. The pioneers were not Switzerland; with George Q. Can- ancestry. We are grateful for the afraid. Courage and certainty of non to Hawaii; and others to coun- past, and we know that a great fu- ultimate victory drove them into the tries to the Far East or West. ture awaits us. making of great plans. Those who were called moved to prosper In February 1850, the institution their respective fields without de- May the Lord bless and institutions faith- now known as the University of lay. By the middle of 1850 they these great which throughout the Utah was authorized. They were were in full activity; their labors fully have served not to be an ignorant people. Filled bore a rich harvest. Fiom these years. with all learning, enlivened by the countries have come men and The Era stands with uncovered Spirit of God, they were to carry women, touched in their hearts by head before their valiant, intelligent, to all people the message of the eternal truth. The whole story successful toil.—/. A. W. 470 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA —

EVIDENCES ^£ RECONCILIATIONS CXLIV

One hundred years ago, on June Scandinavian blood flowed through 14, 1850, Apostle Erastus HOW MANY the veins of thousands of Latter-day Snow with Elders John E. Saints born on the American side Forsgren and George P. Dykes LATTER-DAY of the Atlantic. 2 landed in Copenhagen, Denmark, A survey was recently made to to tell the people of the Scandi- SAINTS honor in this Jubilee year the many navian countries that the Lord had who have labored for the gospel's again spoken from the heavens, and sake in Scandinavia, to determine that the Church of Christ, treed ARE OF the number of Latter-day Saints in from the age-old accumulations of the stakes of Zion of Scandinavian error, had again been restored. 1 SCANDINAVIAN descent, full or partial. While in- They had no friends nor acquaint- complete, it indicates closely the ances in the centuries-old city. Un- DESCENT? fruits of the labors of Erastus Snow der the direction of the Lord, they and the hundreds of missionaries began their work. Trusting in di- who have labored at various times vine help they knelt in prayer and in the Scandinavian lands. laid their plans before the Lord. In The available records show that Six hundred and eighty-one a surprising manner, seemingly from 1850 to 1950, 5875 elders wards and branches reported. miraculous, the way was opened from "Zion" have labored as mis- Forty-five percent of their member- for them. Converts were made; sionaries in Scandinavia, 2308 in ship was found to be, in part at baptisms performed; branches or- Denmark, 2 109 in Sweden, and 1458 least, of Scandinavian origin. Since ganized. A rich harvest followed in Norway. Seventy-three sisters few units reported from known the labors of the first missionaries from Utah have also labored as Scandinavian centers, the percent and of the many who followed missionaries during this period would undoubtedly have been them. twenty-four in Denmark, twenty in higher if more units had reported. The simple ordinances of the Sweden, and twenty-nine in Nor- As it stands, the forty-five percent gospel blessed the small groups of way. These missionaries baptized shows how the blood has spread converts. Persecution, with im- 27,492 souls in Denmark, 19,718 in throughout the Church. prisonment and forms of physical Sweden, and 9,284 in Norway, or In the attempt to determine where violence; often followed the early a total of 56,494 in the three coun- the blood of northern Europe is members of the Church in Scandi- tries. most predominant, the reports were navia as elsewhere. In the face One or more companies of emi- segregated for six Utah counties, of such opposition the Saints grant converts from these countries with results as follows: sang their joy in the new-found made the journey to Utah nearly Percent truth. To them persecution seemed every year from 1851 to 1926. They Sanpete and Sevier Counties 78.0 brought there 13,910 Danes, 8,503 a small price for that which they Box Elder County 64.8 had received! Swedes, and 3,437 Norwegians, or Cache County 52.9 total of Soon the desire to join the body a 25,850 men, women, and Utah County __ 50.0 Salt Lake County 45.0 of the Saints in the valleys of the children. Weber County 36.7 Rocky Mountains of America When they arrived, their work drove many of the converts across was not easy. They had to learn For 681 Units 44.8 the water, over the plains and a new language and adapt them- Similar results would undoubted- deserts into the valleys of the Great selves to new conditions. This they ly be found among any of the peo- Basin of North America, to which did unhesitatingly. They were not ples who have accepted the gospel the people had been led by Brig- afraid of toil. Whatever came into and joined the Saints in the stakes ham Young and their other leaders. their hands they used frugally. and wards of Zion. On the journey they suffered the They were bound to win. Soon, hardships of travel by ox team, despite their somewhat foreign ac- The Church becomes a huge valiant handcart, or on foot. Some laid cent, they became and use- melting pot of seekers after truth. down their lives by the wagon ful co-operators in building the At last the kingdom of God will of in the trail; others reached the valley sick kingdom God West. be as one people in spiritual and and emaciated, though most of them Their children married the youth in physical inheritance. came to their destination ready to of the land, without reference to That gives courage and zest In help at once in the taming of the racial origins. They were strong of our toil for the spread of the gospel surrounding, forbidding desert. body, wholesome in looks, and of Jesus Christ. many were beautiful. The amalga- xElder Peter O Hansen had preceded Erastus 2This survey was made by John F. Oleson under Snow's party by a month (May 11) and had mation became more and more com- the direction of the Presiding Bishopric in co- quietly begun missionary work among his relatives operation with the committee on information and plete. In the course of time, and others. statistics of the. Council of the Twelve.

JUNE 1950 471 This frame of mind makes of ties have been obliged to acknowl-

1 * Scandinavian mission history, as edge the fruits of a good doctrine."

the converts themselves saw it, a In their strength and energy and series of remarkable episodes in aspiration they gave the lie to those which heaven seemed to sustain who called "Utah's accessions from

their most humble efforts. It is a Europe . . . simple, ignorant people, record of triumphant spiritual mani- beyond any class known in Ameri- festations—the sick made whole, can society, and so easy victims to enemies routed, prophetic dreams the shrewd and sharp and fanatical and visions enjoyed, tongues spoken Yankee leaders in the Mormon

In towns and villages the Scandinavian Saints strove hard to fulfil their part of the covenant the Lord had made with them to bring them to

Zion . . .

Ow vUitiiam WJdervivaaer' ENGLISH DEPARTMENT, UNIVERSITY OF UTAH

One of a Family, Two of a City,

They Believed in the Promise:

"And None Shall Stay Them"

The history of the Scandinavian Mission is threaded with bright incidents ranging from the miraculous to the warmly human, from the healing of the sick and the con- founding of mobs to the slow hoard- ing of pennies to hasten the day of the Saints' deliverance from Baby- lon. Running through the pages of the mission periodical, Skandi-

naviens Stjerne, and the early jour- If the Saints were shut out as missionaries, they found work at this or that and passed the contagion of their message to fellow workmen. nals and letters of converts and missionaries is a strong sense of the Lord's intervention on their be- 2 half as they strove to fulfil their and interpreted, the signs which church," "ignorant classes, who are part of the covenant the Lord had follow believers multiplied—a pente- easily influenced by the double ap- made with them to bring them to costal outpouring of gifts so widely peal to their passions and their 3 Zion, far from the incessant wars of experienced and reported that it poverty." Ole Rolvaag, the nov- kings, from Europe's poverty with- seemed a special dispensation for elist, nearer the truth, called immi- out hope of relief, and from futures Scandinavia. But their history is grants from the same class "giants barren for growing children. If also a record of very human works, in the earth." "Poverty" and history was an unfolding of God's a picture of the Saints performing "ignorance" were evils for which will, then in the appointed gathering their own miracle of deliverance America itself was sure remedy. they felt they were playing an even as they stood in the presence This fact was one of Mormonism's historic role, and with gratitude of the miraculous. "Many of our enthusiasms. George Q. Cannon and pride they recorded every trial brethren," they wrote from the after a visit to the Scandinavian and every blessing as evidences of branches, "have so improved their Mission in 1862 could predict: the Lord's purposes with them. manner of living, the civil authori- *Numbers refer to bibliography at end of article. 472 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA "

Transplanting the Saints to Zion will benches during a service, hats on, cottage, tore the tiles from the roof benefit them in every way if they will do smoking cigars. At other times as brickbats, and made a shambles right. With all the rest, their physical they would break windows, pile the of the place. Peasant girls beauty will be increased. They are al- held ready strong and robust, but handsome benches in a heap, rip casements stones in their skirts while others

forms and faces will . . . become common. and door paneling. Owners of the pelted, chanting, "Call on your God The heavenly influence of the Spirit of 8 rented halls occasionally obtained now and see if he will help you." the Lord, with more favorable circum- redress as taxpayers, but as a re- stances and a more generous diet, will 4 Banishment in Sweden, imprison- effect this. ligious sect the Mormons received indifferent protection. One early ment on bread and water in Nor- This was the hope; and Christian convert, a burgher of Copenhagen, way, and mobbings in Denmark Madsen in a letter from Aalborg in at times used the privilege of his were the early lot of the Mormons. 1861 expressed the yearning: class to obtain militia who were Nevertheless, after a year of labor, "Everywhere among the Saints the posted with fixed bayonets at the Erastus Snow could report to next year's emigration is almost door or in the aisles during the Brigham Young, "I now feel that their every thought. This circum- service. In 1852, eight hundred and the shell is broken in old Scandi- scribes their prayers, their anxie- fifty Mormon names appeared on a navia. If we are banished from

E 9 ties, and their exertions. These petition to the Danish parliament the country, the work will spread." prayers, these anxieties, and these asking that "our persons, goods, Missionaries, drawn from among exertions were the strong pulse of and property may be protected in the new converts, traveled two by Mormonism in Scandinavia, a rich our worship according to the two through the provinces, ventur- mingling of faith and works in a freedom which the Constitution ing wherever fortune favored them healthy bloodstream sustaining the grants."8 or the letter of the law allowed. If Saints in persecution, in their prose- Sometimes the violence was per- standing up was construed as lyting, and in their preparations to sonal. Homes of new converts preaching, they preached sitting go to America. were scenes of attack. What was down; if religious services were for- The persecution began early. mere excitement in the cities might bidden in homes, they held "con- Often it was no more than prosecu- take the form of a special vengeance versations," while neighbors darned tion under existing conventicle acts, in the villages, as a result of inten- stockings or mended fishing nets as in Norway and Sweden, which sity of distrust of a neighbor who to disguise the fact that they were made it unlawful for any dissenters had allied himself with a foreign listening to the gospel. ("When I to carry on religious activities con- "ism." A mob burned down the get home, I shall probably have to sidered to be the sole province of dwelling of Jacob Johannes Bohn, pull out all the stitches. When I official Lutheranism. But it was crying, "Let's baptize the Mormon hear some of those wonderful just as often violent abuse gener- priest in his own blood." Bohn truths, my hand makes such large ated by mistrust and misunderstand- crawled back after the debacle, stitches I am sure the patch will 10 ing. Copenhagen, Scandinavia's searched among the ruins, and never hold" ); if, after imprison- largest city, was the gospel's first praised God that his journal con- ment or court examination in one fruitful field: the humbler sections taining fifty hymns written for the place they agreed not to proselyte, of the city yielded willing listeners, new faith had not been destroyed. 7 they went on to another and sent but, along with them, the rabble. Hans Peter Jensen, a sturdy smith, fresh elders in their stead who had Sometimes roughnecks would do had to flee from Aalborg when a made no such promise. Where they nothing more than stand on the of four crowd hundred stormed his {Continued on page 530)

If existing laws forbade religious services in homes, converts—as home missionaries—would hold conversa- tions" while daily household pursuits went on as usual. JUNE 1950 473 CANDINAVIA...5U/J o6pe i ^rleld

Gilbert oL. sL. obeli, iju ffi. RESEARCH EDITOR

the humble yet firm begin- in Copenhagen was begun among From Baptists, but soon spread to the ning made in the old Scandi- the membership of the Lutheran or navian Mission a full century church. ago by Elder Erastus Snow of the state Council of the Twelve, who was assisted by Peter O. Hansen and John E. Forsgren, have come thousands of converts, and today four missions are functioning: Danish, Swedish, Norwegian, and Finnish. In addition, the missionary endeavor was carried on in Iceland for two score years or more, and what lit- Erastus Snow, youthful Apostle in the Church of tle work has been done in Russia Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints sent to open up has been under the auspices of the new fields of missionary labor in the Scandinavian countries. Scandinavian missions. A group of missionaries left Great Salt Lake City soon after the Octo- President Snow later testified that ber 1849 conference, together with the Spirit of the Lord indicated that other Europe-bound missionaries, his missionary work should begin in and in the words of Elder John Copenhagen, and that "the Lord Taylor, himself en route to open the has visited the believers with many French Mission: "Snows have fal- visions, and dreams, and manifesta- len on our right and left, before tions of the Holy Spirit, and some and behind, but with the exception have told us that they have seen of a slight fall on the Sweetwater, us in vision before we came." and another on the day of our ar- President Snow, cautious to a rival at Fort Kearney [Nebraska], fault lest an unprepared person take we have escaped unharmed." upon himself the covenant of bap- Arriving in Great Britain, the tism, purposely put off the perform- three missionaries assigned to Scan- ance of that ordinance until the dinavia were outfitted for their Spirit whispered so, and conse- labors by the generous Saints of quently the first baptismal service that mission. Here Elder George was not held until August 12, when P. Dykes joined the group. He fifteen persons entered the Church. had been instrumental in introduc- Elder Forsgren took leave of his ing the gospel to a Norwegian set- brethren on June 19 for a visit to tlement in La Salle County, Illinois, his old home in Gefle, Sweden. in 1842. There he found his brother, Peter Elder Hansen, born in Copen- Adolph Forsgren, and his sister, hagen but a long-time member of Christina Erika Forsgren, still liv- the Church in America, was the ing on the old family homestead. first elder to set foot in his native His father, a seafaring man, was land, arriving May 11, 1850. He absent. But there was little joy in met President Snow and Elders the reunion. Peter had what his Forsgren and Dykes as they arrived physicians said was to be a fatal in Copenhagen June 14, 1850, with case of consumption. After prayer- the report that he had already pub- ful consideration, Elder Forsgren lished the tract "En Advarsel til anointed his brother with oil and Folket" ("A Warning to the Peo~ blessed him. He was healed and pie"), but with the exception of was baptized July 26, 1850, being some honest but persecuted Bap- Nestled cozily around the base of the famous the first person to accept the gospel Church of Our Redeemer were many quaint build- tists, he had found few interested ings one of which was chosen by the Copen- in Scandinavia. hagen Saints as a favorable location to conduct in had. But there was no religious liberty the message he The work their meetings in the 1850's. 474 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA in Sweden. Elder Forsgren had to carry on his work quietly. He had translated into Swedish Orson Pratt's "Remarkable Visions," but

the printer refused to print it. He then circulated his manuscript among his growing circle of friends. The healing of Peter Forsgren brought matters to a head. The Swedish elder from America was arrested and charged with healing the sick. The chief priest, who was at the trial in Gefle, had Peter sent Among these picturesque city dwellings in Christiania (now Oslo), Norway, the Saints rented their for and examined, believing that first meeting hall and official headquarters for the Norwegian branch of the Scandinavian Mission in the early lS50's. the man was still sick. The doctors could not find anything the matter with him, and Peter Forsgren bore Danish with the help of a learned Being haled before the mayor of a testimony almost as strong as Danish woman. It was published in Osterrisor, Elder Petersen learned that of his brother. 1851. that he had left Denmark too fast. Elder Forsgren was finally A Norwegian sea captain, Svend He had neglected to call for a pass- placed on board an American-bound Larsen, visited President Snow port that would enable him to ship, but he made friends with the early in September 1851, inquiring travel in Norway. Captain Lar- crew, and they allowed him to es- about the Church. The result was sen vouched for him, and the mis- cape into Denmark where he that when Captain Larsen sailed sionary escaped sentencing. He joined his missionary brethren. for home the next day, a missionary, wrote to the authorities in Aalborg, And what of Peter Forsgren? He Elder Hans F. Petersen, was on Denmark, to forward him the neces- emigrated to Utah after being a board his vessel. It seemed that sary papers, but this appeal fell stalwart of the Church in Sweden the "prince of the air" himself was on deaf ears. He and Captain for a time, and he lived a full and determined that no elder was to set Larsen returned to Aalborg, arriv- useful life in Brigham City. foot in Norway, but the little vessel ing on September 23. That evening At the close of the year 1850, finally arrived at Osterrisor, Nor- Captain Larsen became "Brother there were about 135 members of way, where Elder Petersen was Larsen" by entering in at the gate the Church in Denmark, organized given the hospitality of Captain of baptism. into branches at Copenhagen and Larsen's home. Early in October Elder Petersen Aalborg. Twelve of the local The following day Elder Peter- was back in Osterrisor, Norway, brethren had been ordained to the sen began tracting, and the second this time with his necessary papers Lesser Priesthood, and President day Captain Larsen applied for in order, and this time with a Snow had published his "En Sand- permission for the missionary to companion. In the next few heds Rost" ("A Voice of Truth"), hold Sabbath-day meetings in the weeks mob violence was aroused, schoolhouse. This aroused the local and the elders found that the priest's ire. restored gospel was unconstitu- tional in Norway, and hence the

..-.-.-.-.--.-.-, ...- t ::•:':••' r .,:.-.:.. officers were waiting for them to

Swedish Mission headquarters of the present day. charge them with infringements of Syartensgatan 3, Stockholm. the law. Nevertheless, on Decem- ber 7, 1851, Elder Petersen met with three men, Svend Larsen, Peter Adamsen, and John Olsen, at Brother Larsen's home, and after (Continued on page 528)

In Norway, headquarters for the Norwegian Mis- sion are housed in this handsome building, Oster- hausgaten 27, Oslo. The present-day headquarters for the Church in Copenhagen, Denmark, corner of Borups Alii and Priorvej, Frederiksberg.

which gained immediate popularity and was to become an old standby of missionaries laboring in that land for years. The Book of Mormon, which Elder Hansen had begun to translate as a hobby while a resi- dent of Nauvoo but never did have quite the time to complete, was well on the way to being translated into 475 JUNE 1950 Below: Two views of a famous Viking monument at Jeliinge, Denmark. Here, told in ancient carvings and runic letters, is the story of the beginning of Christendom in Scandinavia. A flame kindled The decoration shows Christ entwined by the was branches of the old Yggdrasill, the "tree of life" of Norse mythology.

^ fleLn VULite OF THE ERA EDITORAL STAFF in the Driven by a howling nor'wester on ORTHLANDS an early June morning in 1850, the sturdy little steamer Vic- toria, of Hull, England, pitched and tumbled its way down through the Otesund, a famous waterway be tween the ancient kingdoms of Den- mark and Sweden. For four weari- some days and nights the steamer had battled the hurricane-whipped North Sea and its sister oceans, the angry, roaring Skagerrak, and the sullen, leaden-gray Cattegat. Drenched by the salty spray and chilled to the marrow by the unac- customed clamminess of the at- mosphere, three young missionaries offered a silent thanksgiving prayer and a fervent appeal for strength, courage, and insight to face the problems in the countries where soon they would set foot. They had come a long way from the valleys of the Rocky Mountains in faraway America. They had crossed Indian-infested prairies and braved the storms of the great At- lantic to bring a message of joy and hope to the people of the North- lands. They were missionaries for what seemed a strange, new church, a church which—alone among all the world's churches—claimed guidance through direct revelation. This was indeed, a preposterous statement to the ears of all ordained ministers of other faiths who sat in Ready for a sunny day of harvesting in Denmark of a hundred years ago. state-protected security and loudly decreed that such things were a thirty-three days before. Elder all this hustle and bustle, strange snare and a delusion. Hansen was a Danish-American and foreign to the eyes and ears of The leader among the three mis- who had embraced the gospel in his companions, Peter O. Hansen sionaries was Erastus Snow, an Boston, Massachusetts. In his led them to a humble, secluded room apostle in this new Church of Jesus bosom burned the same zeal and which he had rented nearby. Once Christ of Latter-day Saints. A courage so characteristic of the •within the walls of this temporary companion was Elder George P. other three. retreat, the four elders knelt down Dykes. These two were newcomers Elder Hansen guided his newly- and thanked an all-merciful Heav- to the Scandinavian shores, but the arrived fellow missionaries skilful- enly Father for their safe arrival in third man, Elder John Erik Fors- ly along the -wharves of his native their new mission field. gren, a convert to this new faith in city. The cries of fishwives hawk- Under the guidance of the Spirit America, was of Swedish birth and ing flounders and herring could be of the Lord, Erastus Snow dedi- education. heard above the clamor set up by cated these three northlands of On the Copenhagen docks, energetic tradesmen and haggling, Denmark, Sweden, and Norway as among the roistering crowds of a aggressive, pushcart hucksters. true and fertile fields of labor in busy waterfront, they were met by Husky stevedores shouted with the Lord's vineyard. Out of these Peter O. Hansen, who had arrived raucous voices, and ragged loafers should flow, to the glorification of independently of the others some argued with pert urchins. Through the "New Zion in the West," count- 476 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA Sturdy and unrelenting brawn is found official among Norway's sons of fjord and fjeld. The Scandinavian clergy Here is a Lofoten fisherman with a nice were so completely identified with "family dinner-table size" codfish. the dominant ruling classes that the pression. But individual thinking religious awakening was an aggres- stirred and stirred, and various fac- sive assertion of lower-class cultural tors during several centuries com- autonomy. The common people ex- bined to produce a new religious pressed their determination to de- awakening. The trend was officially cide for themselves where the legalized in 1849. essence of religion lay. The beginning struggle between Amazingly, a message of hope the peasantry and the upper classes and joy and enlightened religious also went far toward a mighty re- interpretation spread like wildfire. vival. It was now preached up and down the Scandinavian peninsula and throughout the Danish isles by these young Mormon missionaries from America. The spirit of self-com- placent Lutheranism was rudely awakened and had to face this new less thousands of converts gleaned threat to its security. It arose and from among the many truth seekers, roared like an angry lion! in whose hearts was a longing for "These people are utterly un- the principles of the gospel. trustworthy!" fumed the clergy at The field, indeed, was "white al- mass meetings held in cities, towns, ready to harvest" and ready for and hamlets. "Imagine for your- the sickle of the reaper. Awaiting selves," they shouted to their au- them were the millions of people in diences, "their preposterous claims the three Scandinavian countries, of golden plates, with mysterious as yet without a spirit of religious characters graven upon them and awakening. Various forms of translated by their so-called prophet Christianity had been successively through the gift and power of God! introduced and established by com- It's blasphemy! It's profanation and pulsion throughout a period of near- sacrilege!" ly nine hundred years. "What about the ancient relics Carved in 980 A.D. in the fabled, found in hills and fields and bogs mystic runes of Viking days, a throughout our country?" would famous monument at Jellinge, Den- come a challenging cross-question. mark, boasts of the "first" authentic The owner of the voice would stand religious victory. In tortuous lines, all him. Tall and Each district in the Scandinavian Northlands has up that might see running round the rough-hewn its own distinct and individual garb, in men's at- bronzed, a true son of the soil, he tire as well as in women's dress. The Hardanger granite surface, this message from costume above is regarded as one of the prettiest in would be secure in his knowledge Norway. days of warfare and heathen con- (Continued on page 525) quest can be deciphered. Trans- lated into English it reads:

Harald, King, commanded this me- morial rock to be hewn in memory of Gorm, his father, and Thyra, his mother; that Harald who won for himself Den- mark entire and forced Christendom upon the Danes.

In Sweden in 1527 A.D., Gustav Vasa enforced the change from The "Sunday best" in Sweden's country Catholicism to Lutheranism by royal districts of a hun- in dred years ago took decree; Denmark and Norway, many forms according opinion and intrigue seesawed along to the occasion at hand. Here the man's during the reign of several sover- somber garb indicates the passing of eigns, until various bloody wars and some ancient stalwart of the family. destructive uprisings settled the question in favor of Lutheranism against Catholicism many years later. Neither belief, however, imposed as it was by governmental decree, had sprung from a deeply-felt popular yearning for religious ex- JUNE 1950 477 The Yuma Indian Orchestra fur- nishes the music at an elaborate banquet and fireside program n«of THE 1950 0RM0N the Yuma Branch ward chapel. Iattalion the evening of March 19,

ON 1 950, nine large buses containing 310 men and women rolled into Salt Lake City, ending a trip of more than 2,000 miles taken in TREK commemoration of the famous Mor- mon Battalion march of 103 years ago. During the seven days' time were entertained elaborately by that the trekkers were away from hundreds of people at every stop- Salt Lake City, they had traveled ping place along the entire route. to San Diego, California, via Mesa, Their trip was a pleasant journey r :-:\ Arizona. in honor of the hero trail breakers ago. In the summer of 1846 the of one hundred years noble and God-fearing ancestors Before leaving Salt Lake City, of the modern trekkers were called the 1950 trekkers were organized by the government of the United after the pattern used by the Mor- States to furnish five hundred men mon Battalion. The commanding for the purpose of participating in officer was Lieutenant-Colonel Fred the war with Mexico. In response E, Curtis, the 1950 president of the to that call, more than the number Sons of Utah Pioneers. The Ad- asked for, known as the Mormon jutant was Major Richard A. Lam- Battalion, left Council Bluffs, Iowa, bert, second vice-president of the on July 20, 1846, and marched via Sons, who was placed in charge of Fort Leavenworth, Kansas; Santa making arrangements for all pro- Fe, New Mexico; Tucson, Arizona; grams, hotel reservations, trans- to San Diego, California, arriving portation, and other details for the on January 29, 1 847. The battalion trek. traveled a distance of over two The trekkers were divided into thousand miles in one of the longest five companies similar to the divi- marches ever made by infantry in sion made of the Mormon Battalion history. Through the latter half of 1846-1847. Ernest R. McKay, of the march, they opened a new first vice-president, was designated route to the Pacific Coast through as captain of Company A. Dr. W. mp—"~~~.uu»Lmnuiuiiffi a most difficult and almost im- L. Worlton, third vice-president, Judge Jesse P. Rich and Benjamin Wadman with passable country. 1846-1847, and one captain of Company the Mormon Battalion flag of was appointed or the swords of the original battalion. The 1 950 Mormon Battalion was B. Judge Jesse P. Rich, immediate composed of Sons of Utah Pio- past president, was captain of neers and their wives, many of Company C. Captain of Com- the north rim of the whom were direct descendants of traveled to pany D was Parley P. Giles, secre- Canyon. the original Mormon Battalion Grand tary of the S.U.P. who also served members. Harold H. Jenson, a Following breakfast at the Grand as historian. And the captain of past president of Sons of Utah Canyon on Tuesday morning, Company E was P. LeRoy Nelson, Pioneers, was from the beginning March 14, the officers decided that judge advocate of the Sons. one of the leading exponents of the the trekkers should get acquainted trip. By appointment of Elder George with their uniforms, which were In contrast to the extreme diffi- F. Richards, President of the Coun- replicas of the ones worn by the culties experienced by the 1846- cil of the Twelve, Milton R. Hunter United States soldiers during the 1847 Mormon Battalion members of the First Council of the Seventy war with Mexico over one hundred and the long and arduous trip made represented the General Authori- years ago, and that they should on foot by more than five hundred ties of the Church on the trek. also learn the principal tactics of men through deserts, mountains, On March 13, Monday morning drilling; thereupon orders were and plains in a half-starved, half- at 6:00 a.m., the nine buses con- given for all battalion members to clothed, and bedraggled condition, taining the trekkers left Salt Lake report in full uniform for drill. the 1950 Mormon Battalion trek- City and headed south on the While they drilled and learned kers rode in comfortable buses and 2,000-mile jaunt. That day they their military tactics, "Old Man 478 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA By Witton /?. JJunter

OF THE FIRST COUNCIL OF SEVENTY

Mormon Battalion trekkers drilling on the rim of the Grand Canyon. Sol" climbed high into the heavens. Finally the officers concluded that sented a program which was con- beautiful temple grounds. While a marked degree of efficiency had ducted by L. Harold Wright, presi- in the house of the Lord we listened been attained, and the trekkers dent of Maricopa Stake. Among to Dr. Avard Fairbanks of the Uni- headed south toward Mesa, Ari- those who spoke were Governor versity of Utah describe the paint- zona, where they were to be on Dan Garvey of the state of Ari- ings on the walls which he and parade at 4:00 p.m. A full hour zona, President Wright, Ernest R. other members of his talented fam- before the appointed time, the city McKay, and President Milton R. ily had produced. streets were lined with thousands Hunter. One of the highlights of Soon the captains shouted "all of enthusiastic spectators, includ- the entire program, and of many aboard," and the caravan was again ing the high school band members of the other programs on the trek, on its way. Upon arriving at the attired in their colorful uniforms, was the beautiful singing of Gila River near the little Arizona anxiously awaiting the arrival of Dorothy Kimball Keddington, the hamlet of Sacaton on the Pima In- the caravan. Four o'clock came and "sweetheart of the Sons of Utah dian Reservation about thirty miles passed. Shortly after five word Pioneers." south of Mesa, the caravan struck was received that the trekkers President Fred E. Curtis pre- for the first time the historic old would not arrive for another hour sented to Governor Garvey a gold Mormon Battalion trail. From that or more, and the parade would be spike, suitably engraved, symbolic point forward to San Diego, the called off. Disheartened and dis- of the connecting of the Atlantic trekkers traversed the trail as near- couraged, practically all of the and the Pacific oceans by rail on ly as the present-day highways spectators dispersed. May 10, 1869. Also, an official permitted. Thus they observed the Finally the nine buses pulled into seven-pound copper key to Salt extremely barren, desolate, rugged, town, and the trekkers decked them- Lake City was presented to the and sandy terrain that the battalion selves out in their quaint old uni- mayor of Mesa by President Curtis, members encountered in their ef-

forms. Spectators or no spectators, representing Mayor Earl J. Glade forts to open the first road to the they were going to put on their of Salt Lake City. Since Mayor Pacific Coast through that bleak parade—and they did! To the beat Glade was unable to go on the desert region. which of the drums and the commands of trek, he recorded a message The majority of the buses ar- the officers, they the at the presentation of a marched down was used rived at Yuma, Arizona, by four in the of each of the street to the city auditorium known key to mayor the afternoon, but bus number one cities where programs were held. as the Mezona Hall. Here a de- was missing. Motor trouble had licious dinner was served to more Square dancing was enjoyed un- developed, and the bus was stalled trekkers than three hundred hungry til midnight. Then came the time sixty-four miles east of town. About local guests, and and a number of to find night's lodging. The good a mile from where the trekkers then they all ready for a big were people of Mesa took the 310 Mor- were stalled, a young man and his entertainment. Approxi- evening's mon Battalion trekkers into their bride of only four days had a car special in- mately 2,000 people, by homes as guests. After everyone had accident, seriously injuring both. vitation, assembled in the large received accommodations, dozens For two and one-half hours while auditorium of the Mezona where of disappointed people were there waiting for the ambulance to ar- an outstanding musical show was at the Mezona with their automo- rive from the hospital, Martha Jen- battalion members presented. The biles, lamenting that they did not son, George Cox, and Dean Andrus all of were interested to learn that have the privilege of extending their of the Mormon group administered the participants were drawn from hospitality to their neighbors from first aid to the victims of the acci- local talent. Utah. dent. Mrs. Jenson, a trained nurse, Following the musical show, the Wednesday morning the trekkers knew exactly what should be done. Sons of the Utah Pioneers pre- visited the Arizona Temple and the (Continued on page 524) JUNE 1950 479 —:

SCHLOSS WACHENDORF, AN ANCIENT CASTLE RICH IN THE FAMILY LORE OF THE VON AU ANCESTORS.

VILLAGE OF OBERNAU, AN- OTHER STORIED LOCALITY CONNECTED WITH THE LIVES V OF MANY BRANCHES OF THE FAMILY VON AU.

EVER GIVE -UP!

directors were about to give £5u (L,tnLlle U. /-^ sforaan archive up the hunt, this very learned archive genealogist, who knows every angle genealogy in those old records, still can't believe it sometimes, but I have to thank my dear husband and about genealogist a page in a I can now go as far back in my companion for getting me back into showed my XVII. I genealogy as the year 1081 A. D. activity. He asked me about two book which said, "Albrecht descendants, I found this out recently, that it pays years ago to straighten out his and Von Ow has numerous slightly changed, great dividends if you never give up. my own genealogy and have the seal- who write the name and live Since 1933 I have been engaged in ings done. He said, among other namely Von Au or Von Aw, genealogical research, at which time things, "If you only write one sheet a scattered in the following towns and America, I was still living in Germany. I took day, you will get it done by and by." villages ... in Wiirttemberg, the towns every opportunity during vacations I took his advice and have continued and Switzerland." Among (the spirit of Elijah urging me) to go with the work ever since. mentioned was the village Neuenhaus, to various ministers in the villages where some of my ancestors had lived, where some of my ancestors had He also said, "Why don't you try and where I myself was born! lived. With the help of these min- again on your nobility line, and write From then on, he had it easy. He isters I was able to gather my gene- to Germany and see if it cannot be sent me my pedigree back to the year alogy back to about 1600. Farther connected and find your genealogy 1100, as far as my twentieth and back most records had been destroyed somewhere?" So I wrote to a woman twenty-second great-grandparents. But during the Thirty Years War. of my acquaintance, well-known no families were sent. For further On one line especial- ____ among higher circles details I was referred to two volumes ly I could find no rec- in my home town. Taschenbuch dev Adligen Haeuser ords prior to 1739. My She referred the prob- 1891 and History of the Family Von great-grandmother on Jf you write only one lem to a friend, a re- Ow, by Theod. Schoen. The latter this line, Anna Maria sheet of genealogy tired pastor, and for book, he wrote, was printed in Von Au, was of the over forty years a Muenchen in 1910 "and cannot be a day, you will get it nobility. But the pas- genealogist in Wiirt- bought anywhere." done and by. tor wrote me there by temburg, South Ger- My husband again came to the wasn't anything else to many. This good man rescue. "Why not go down to the find. Yet my mother wrote me right away genealogical library and see if the used to tell me what great people this and informed me that in the big book is there?" I went right away. family were back in the olden days, archives in Stuttgart he had found a With the help of a wonderful and and that in some old castle over three large pedigree of my line, under the very efficient researcher there, Mrs. hundred pages of the family genealogy spelling of Von Ow instead of Von Au, Hofer, I soon found Taschenbuch dev were stored. At the time I thought it the pronunciation being the same. He Adligen Haeuser 1891. I was so ex- a pleasant fairy tale, handed down could not find the link connecting my cited that day I could hardly wait this from one generation to another, and fourth great-grandfather with until I had found my family in it gave it no further thought. pedigree, but he said he would do his my own beloved great-grandfather and very best to find a connection. great-grandmother were listed in this Coming to the United States in 1937, book, and it gave their genealogy back I was given a patriarchal blessing in So I waited. Not long after, he to 1589! Just think, my own family New York which promised that I wrote that he had been traveling back in at our own should be a "savior on Mount Zion" and forth in my behalf, and called it right here a book genealogical library, and I had for my kindred dead. Then we moved "wahrlich eine muehselige, romanhaft Church here ten years never knowing it to Salt Lake City. Other duties and anmutende Ahnenjagd!" which means lived until a genealogist from over there the war intervened, and I was doing "a truly tedious, romantic hunt for hardly anything on my genealogy. But ancestors!" As he and one of the {Concluded on page 523) 480 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA J^Jiss Amy adjusted her glasses. It couldn't be

. it INSPIRATION . . and yet was!

(l5ia (L-lizabetk ~_X Ifftomd

ven when the train started mov

ing, Miss Amy could scarcely .[ E believe she really was on her way to New York. Although for years she had dreamed of a trip to the great metropolis where dreams come true and where, according to Miss Amy, spectacular success was assured, it had never until this moment been even re- motely related to reality. There had been a time, long, long ago, soon after her graduation from high school, when she had dared propose to the family that the money Grandma Allen had left her be used for an art course in the great city toward which she was now on her way, for Miss Amy had been clever with pencil and brush and secretly planned to be an artist. Dad had laughed at her, and then, seeing that she was serious, had set his foot down with his usual firmness. "Don't be a ninny, Amy! You'll go to normal school as we've always planned. Schoolteaching is a proper career. It's a safe and sensible job for a woman." each succeeding crop of fifth- way her artist's soul found ex- graders. pression. In discussing a bird, a Her mother had smiled at her brothers long since had flower, or a sunset, she became al- wistfully. "Dad's right," she whis- Her homes of their own, but invariably most lyrical. Some snickered, some pered, "but I know how you feel." in were indifferent, but there were Whatever notions her mother had they considered her the solution domestic or financial emer- those in whom there seemed to be cherished in her youth had long any times had she awakened a dawning appreciation since been dispelled by years of gency. How many of the God-given miracles of na- household drudgery and bringing been called upon to contribute of savings to tide some ture. Did this appreciation last? up a family of six boys and Amy. her meager one of them over a crisis? She'd Did it bear fruit? She never knew. So Amy had entered normal long ago lost count. New York was all Miss Amy school. Romance? There'd been a young had anticipated. Ever an idealist, she had finished, she ac- When man, almost forgotten now, who'd she saw only that which she wished cepted the role of fifth-grade been more than fond of her. But to see—the wonder and the mag- teacher back home, which position her mother's illness had put off nificence of it. To the squalor, she'd maintained for thirty years. their plans from year to year till the worn, disillusioned faces in the Miss Amy sighed as she watched he'd become discouraged and found subways or on the streets she was the flying landscape. a wife elsewhere. wholly oblivious. Strangely she

No doubt it had been all for the She'd learned to love teaching. felt neither the timidity nor the best. After her father's death Deprived of a family of her own, bewilderment common to the new- she'd supported and cared for her she'd made her pupils her family. comer. She gloried in the immense invalid mother. When her mother, Not only was she firm in her deter- buildings, the great stores with their too, passed away, she'd lived on in mination that they grasp and digest tempting, unbelievable luxuries on the shabby house at the edge of the fundamentals of the three R's, display, the Great White Way, and town, cooking her own meals, but she was also almost fanatical the magic of the theaters. spending the long evenings correct- in her desire to instil in them ap- It was only at night when she ing papers and planning lessons for preciation of the beautiful. In this (Continued on page 520) JUNE 1950 481 ) —

Elder L. D. S. Chapel in Herstal, Belgium, June 18, 1850, John constructed in 1937.

OnTaylor, who later became —Photograph, Courtesy o{ Joseph R. Pulsipher President of the Church, with his two companions, Elders Curtis E. Bolton and William Howells, arrived at the small seaport town in the north of Boulogne Sur Mer During the next fifty years few of France, where for the first time missionaries were sent into French- on French soil missionary work speaking countries. However, about was started. the year 1899 traveling missionar- Nearly one hundred years later ies from the Netherlands-Belgian President James L. Barker and his and Swiss-German missions started wife, Kate Montgomery Barker, to work among French-Swiss and landed at the burned harbor of Le Belgian people. Havre, May 10, 1946. From there In 1912 there was a formal or- they traveled through the bombed ganization of a French Mission. towns of Normandy on their way On the 15th of October President to Paris where, for the third time Rudger Clawson of the European since 1850, the French Mission was Mission, Hyrum W. Valentine reopened for missionary work. of the Swiss-German Mission, During these hundred years the and Roscoe W. Eardley of the history of the French Mission is one Netherlands-Belgian Mission met of persistent but interrupted at- in Paris and set apart Elder Edgar tempts to organize and maintain B. Brossard as president of the v\?m>wmtf:mmx missionary effort in the French- speaking parts of Europe. Political upheavals and wars have been the most important opposition to the growth of the French Mission. In 1852, in the morning of a despotic overthrow of the government and on the eve of another revolution, ISSION- Elder Taylor was forced to leave France. l/[/innlfred vScOLuerS Louis Napoleon by his famous coup d'etat had overthrown the first republic succeeding the government of Louis

Philippe. . . . Paris was in the hands of French Mission. At the date of 1914, after being organized for the soldiers; her streets had recently been soaked with blood; many of the buildings this organization there were al- only a little less than two years, had been battered down into shapeless ready 337 members, converts of the the French Mission was closed. Taylor by B. H. ruins. (Life of John traveling missionaries. Mission ac- Five years after the armistice, Roberts. tivities at that time, as in the time Russell H. Blood was called from of President Taylor, were directed his position as secretary of the While in France, President Tay- from Paris. In 1913, after one European Mission to reopen the lor accomplished a great deal in year—and sixty-two baptisms French Mission. He presided for establishing contacts, making con- President Brossard was succeeded about a year and a half, at which verts, and laying foundations for in Paris temporarily by Ezra Taft time Ernest C. Rossiter was set future missionary work among the Benson, who in turn was released apart as president, August 30, 1925. French people. One of the most after a short period, and Benjamin It was under his direction that the important things done under his F. Howells was set apart as construction of the first two chapels direction was the translation of the temporary president. in the mission was begun at Book of Mormon into French. The Seraing and Liege, Belgium. translation was made by one of President Howells was still in presidency President Taylor's first contacts, charge when World War I broke In 1928, the was Louis Bertrand, who became inter- out. An entry in the mission again changed, and Rulon Chris- for about two ested in the Church and was bap- history reads, "August 1 war was tensen presided he was president, tized. M. Bertrand, a well-educated declared, and missionary tracting years. While man, became a strong member in was stopped." Five days later he republished the mission paper, France and, sometime after Presi- many towns in Belgium were under / 'Etoile, originally founded in 1868 for years. dent Taylor left Europe, directed fire, and all the missionaries were but abandoned many missionary activities himself. His forced to leave hurriedly, some When President Christensen was translation of the Book of Mormon without their luggage. Instruc- released, Golden L. Woolf was set remained president for is the edition still used in the mis- tions were received from the First apart and those sion today, although the form is Presidency to evacuate all mission- almost four years. During slightly changed. aries. Consequently, August 30, four years the members in Belgium 482 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA —

saw the finished construction of their first two chapels, both dedicated by President John A. Widtsoe.

August 12, 1933, President

Daniel J. Lang arrived in Paris where he presided over the mission until President O. F. Ursenbach was appointed in 1935. One of the biggest events in the history of the mission for the members was the

visit of President Heber J. Grant for the dedication of the third chapel, this one at Herstal, Belgium. L, D. S. Missionary chorus in the French Mission; left to right: Glendon Steiner, Creed Evans, Gordon President Grant, Joseph W. Ander- Moses, Dale Miller, James Paramore, Richard Hinckley, DeLoss Eggleston, Jay Welch, Blaine Gunn, Arch Heugly, and Robert Harker. son, and Hugh B. Brown were all met at the boat by members Paris soon after the arrival of the mission well-organized and Switzerland as from France and President Joseph E. Evans in 1938, running smoothly under the direc- escorted from well as Belgium and where they remained until war tion of four competent district into Cherbourg across France and broke out in 1939. The French Mis- presidents, Robert Simond of the Belgium. The Herstal chapel as sion history records the' following: Swiss District, Paul J. Devignez of other chapels was well as the two the Belgian District, Paul Kayser partially destroyed in the last war, During the last week of August as the of the Strasbourg District, and in spite of the destruction the but peace of the world seemed lost, and in Leon Fargier, traveling district accordance with the wishes of the First president in charge of scattered Presidency, the missionaries in France were French members. moved to port towns and convenient district places of contact with port towns. . . . Paul J. Devignez, whose On leaving our meeting place in Paris, was the largest in the mission, de-

September 3, 1939 . . . we read the head- scribes their activities during the lines of the papers to the effect that Eng- war years: land had on the morning of that day 1850-1950 declared war on Germany, that France The weekly meetings continued had followed suit in the afternoon. and were the occasion for general assemblies of the Saints. In spite of the dangers MISSION FORMERLY OF THE FRENCH Missionaries were evacuated along the road, firing from airplanes, sabo- with the exception of Elder Brig- tage, evacuations, and deportations, the members did not hesitate to travel more ham Y. Card who was left for a than 150 miles to attend meetings. The while in Geneva to act as president rate of conversions was maintained at a peacetime level, and the spirit of the members was very good. Payment of tithing increased during the time when misery and famine were at their worst. It should also be noted that branch presidents were more than equal to their sometimes overwhelming tasks, and the priesthood members, without hesitation, accepted jobs of transporting food supplies destined to relieve the suffering of other members. The Relief Society carried on

its work worthy of the highest praise . . . one can say that the Relief Society saved many lives. ... Many members of our priesthood died in the service.

President Devignez himself lost a brother who was recently highly honored by the Belgian government as one of the outstanding patriots and heroes of the last war. Sidewalk Mission in Brussels, Belgium. — Religious News Service Photo Until recently the mission home was a beautiful villa on. the shores

of Lake Geneva.* • Since the first organization of the French members continued holding their of the Swiss District, and Elder Mission there have never been meetings in them. The chapels are Gaston Chappuis who stayed in permanent headquarters. Almost now completely repaired. Paris and directed general mission every president has had the=experi- The mission headquarters, situ- functions and publications. (Continued on page 500) ated in Belguim under President On his arrival in France after *At present the mission home is located at 27 Ursenbach, were; moved back -to the war, President Barker found Avenue de, Miremont,* . Genevai

"' JUNE 1950' .'. 483 about people they know or merely Using EXAMPLES! about human beings like themselves; witness the appeal of the currently popular "soap operas." iL5u czLouide oLlnton ^2>aumon 5. Make your comparisons color- DEPT. OF ENGLISH, U. OF WASH., ST. LOUIS MO. ful but reasonable

VIII ly. But suppose you find "such a The more vivid the mental pic- good story" that you "just have to CONCLUSION ture you create for your listeners use it" even though you "know it the longer they will remember it. doesn't quite fit." Be especially carpenter may have a kit full However, a comparison can be made firm in putting such a story to one of tools, but unless he knows vivid only if one of the parts is side, for it will weaken rather than A how to use them they are of familiar to the listeners. Far-fetched strengthen your speech. Irrelevant little value. Similarly, it is not analogies cannot be effective, for ideas serve only to distract audience enough to have a speech full of listeners must be able to visualize attention from the point you want specific details and illustrations; easily the similarities between the to make. you must also know how to present objects compared. We graft new them in such a way that you create 3. Make your [acts and figures ideas which our listeners don't un- in your listeners the mental pictures clear derstand into old ideas which they 2 you desire. Explain them in terms your lis- do understand. No two people can tell a story in the same way. Each person's voice, gestures, words—his person- Keep your examples in order. ality—are unique; therefore, his Make your cases relevant. presentation of his ideas will be Make your facts and figures clear. unique. Rules cannot make you a Give your examples realism and human- good speaker, but the following interest appeal. suggestions will help you to avoid Make your comparisons colorful but rea- some of the most glaring mistakes. sonable. Use quotations cautiously. 1. Keep your examples in order Prepare carefully for the use of your Develop each example coherently visual aids. and logically. In telling a story Use specific and picturesque words. move steadily forward with the events. You have made a serious

if to error you have to stop say, 6. Use quotations cautiously "Oh, I forgot to tell you—before this happened, etc." First, choose only those which Finish one story before you go are short and to the point. A quo- teners will understand. Make them on to the next. tation should rarely be longer than mean something to your listeners. two or three sentences, for an easy - Arrange your "cases" so that Dr. G. Homer Durham did this in each follows logically out of the way to kill listener interest is to the November 1949 Era1 by ex- preceding one. read a long statement, especially if plaining the recent devaluation of it directly the subject. If Move into your first story and is not on the British pound in terms of its from one story to another smoothly you feel a certain quotation is neces- effect on L. D. S. missionaries. and casually, yet purposefully. sary to your speech but it is too Use visual aids when you can. long, summarize it in your own Make your ideas fit together. Statistics given verbally are often No farmer ever succeeded who words, staying as close to the mean- confusing and uninteresting; but if of the original quotation as you haphazardly planted a little corn in ing they are drawn vividly on a chart the first plot, a little wheat in the can. or blackboard, they become signifi- next, and then some more corn. Second, quote only from persons cant and clear. One of the beauties of a successful who are qualified by intelligence, farm is its order; the rows are 4. Give your examples realism and training, and experience to express straight; the crops are arranged human-interest appeal themselves on the subject. (See

systematically; and the whole is Article IV of this series. ) Thought- planned for easy harvest. Be a Listeners like stories that involve ful listeners will not be impressed by good farmer when you speak. Keep famous people: President George the mere fact that you are quoting, your ideas in order. Albert Smith, President Harry S. for they know that much of what Churchill. Truman, Winston They appears in print is false. A popular 2. Make your cases relevant like examples taken from the color- singer's opinion on the activities of Test each bit of supporting ma- ful pages of history: Latter-day the United Nations might be widely Saints love to hear stories of the terial with the question, "Does it (Continued on page 514) help me accomplish my objective?" pioneers. They like familiar stories 2 Richard C. Borden, Public Speaking — as Listen- it discard it immediate- J If does not, p. 693 ers Like It! New York, 1935, pp. 64-65. 484 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA RIGHAM

ONORED

v3u rvfarba C-. srotephson, ASSOCIATE MANAGING EDITOR

righam Young, whose indomita- ble courage brought his driven B people to refuge in a barren Brigham Young Statue by Ma- honri Young to be placed in waste, has been given the honor Statuary Hall, Washington, D.C., June 1, 1950. of placement in the Capitol Build- ing in Washington, D. C, with a statue carved from Italian marble by Mahonri Young, a grandson. When the matter of a statue for Utah was raised in the state legis- lature, there was complete agree- V * .. ment as to the man who should be so honored: Brigham Young was the unanimous selection. Each state is entitled to have two statues in Statuary Hall, but this is the first to be placed there for Utah. To date there are thirty-nine statues in Statuary Hall. The program will be presented in the rotunda of the Capitol, but the final placement will be under the dome in the hall, in the southeast corner, facing west. It will stand beside the statue of another Ver- monter, Ethan Allen. The Brigham Young Statue Com- mission was authorized by a joint resolution of the Utah Senate and the House of Representatives, Feb- ruary 27, 1945, under Governor Herbert B. Maw. The commission consisted of seven members with Senator Mrs. E. E. Ericksen as executive chairman. Under Gov- Ericksen ernor J. Bracken Lee, Mrs. has continued her work as executive secretary to the commission. (Concluded on page 494)

Brigham Young Monument at Whitingham Center, Vermont, dedicated May 28, 7950. JUNE 1950 485 EHI IN THE ESERT

it?ie d5u ^J^fuak , PL 2). !/

VI and Lawrence report, "peaks and in these mountains, the water bears 238 ridges have different names among a different name from the wadi." the different Arab tribes, and from Likewise we might suppose that, the 232 Place Names in the Desert different sides," and of the nearby river having been named after his Tih, Palmer says, "In every locality, first-born, the location of the camp THE stream at which he made his each individual object, whether would be given, as any westerner first camp Lehi named after his rock, mountain, ravine, or valley, would give it, with reference to

: ! eldest son; the valley, after his has its appropriate name," while the river. Instead, the Book of second son (I Nephi 2:8.) The Raswan recalls how "miraculously Mormon follows the correct Arabic 234 oasis at which his party made their each hill and dale bore a name." system of designating the camp not next important camp "we did call But how reliable are such names? by the name of the river (which

. . . Shazer." (Ibid., 16:13.) The Philby recounts a typical case: might dry up sometime), but by the fruitful land by the sea "we called "Zeyd and 'Ali seemed a little vague name of the valley. (I Nephi 10:16, Bountiful," while the sea itself "we about the nomenclature of these 16:6.)

called Irreantum." {Ibid,, 17:5.) parts, and it was only by the irritat- Another surprise: Nephi more By what right do these people re- ing process of continual questioning than once refers to the river of name streams and valleys to suit and sifting their often inconsistent Laman as "flowing into the fountain themselves? No westerner would and contradictory answers that I of the Red Sea." Since when is tolerate such arrogance. But Lehi was able in the end to piece together the Red Sea a fountain, forsooth? is not interested in western taste; the topography of the region.'" Answer: ever since it was called a he is following a good old Oriental Farther east Cheesman ran into the yam, "In Hebrew," writes Albright, custom. Among the laws "which same difficulty: "I pointed out that "the word yam means '(large) no Bedouin would dream of trans- this was the third different hill to river' and 'fresh water lake' as well gressing," the first, according to which he had given the same name. as 'sea' in the English sense. In our Jennings-Bramley, is that "any He knew that, was the reply, but case we cannot, however, be sure water you may discover, either in that was the way they named whether the designation yam came your own territory or in the terri- them."' 3 The irresponsible custom of originally from inland, referring to tory of another tribe, is named after renaming everything on the spot pure fresh water as the source of :s you." So it happens that in Arabia seems to go back to the earliest life, or ... it referred to the Medi- a great wady (valley) will have times, and "probably, as often as terranean as the main source of different names at different points not, the Israelites named for them- Canaanite livelihood." 1 In the along its course, a respectable number of names being "all used for one and the same valley. One and Jn the spring of the year it is by no means unusual to the same place may have several find rivers in the regions through ivhich Lehi names, and the wadi running close traveled. to the same, or the mountain connected with it, will naturally be called differently by members of selves their own camps, or uncon- former case fountain is the best different clans," according to sciously confounded a native name translation of the word, and it is 229 237 Canaan, who tells how the Arabs in their carelessness." Yet, in spite certainly in this "inland" sense that

"often coin a new name for a lo- of its undoubted antiquity, only the Nephi uses it, for he uses a totally cality for which they have never most recent explorers have com- different expression (as we shall used a proper name, or whose name mented on this strange practice, see) when speaking of the ocean. they do not know," the name given which seems to have escaped the The Nile and the Euphrates were 230 being usually that of some person. notice of travelers until our own anciently called yams, and this has Names thus bestowed by wandering times. been explained as "probably a kind Bedouins "are neither generally Even more whimsical and sense- of poetic hyperbole, founded upon known nor commonly used," so we less to a westerner must appear the the fact that they annually over- 240 could of course not expect any of behavior of Lehi in naming a river flow their banks." Now the aver- 231 Lehi's place names to survive, after one son and its valley after age width of the Gulf of 'Aqaba is Speaking of the desert "below the another. But the Arabs don't think only about twelve miles, and Musil Negeb proper," i.e., the general that way: In the Mahra country, for reports that one can look right area of Lehi's first camp, Woolley example, "as is commonly the case across it and "see on the Sinai 486 the improvement era 2

tians and the "Great Deep" of the Hebrews. In Coptic, the latest form of Egyptian, the Red Sea proper was called fayum nehah, literally

1 "many waters." If one wanted to

speculate, it would be easy to trace Irreantum back to some derivation containing Eg. wr (great) and nt (Copt, nout "standing water"), or to identify the final ~um with the common (Eg., Copt., Heb.) yem, yam, yum, "sea" and the rest of the word with Copt, irnahte "great or many." But we need not go so far: It is enough to know that in Lehi's day the ocean was designated by epithets, and that the sea to the east was called "many waters" by the latest Egyptians.

The first important stop after Lehi's party had left their base camp was at a place which they called Shazer. The name is intriguing. The element shajer is quite common in Palestine place names; it is a collective meaning "trees," and many Arabs (especially in Egypt)

pronounce it shazher. It appears in Thoghret as~Sajur (the Pass of Trees), the ancient Shaghuv, writ- 2 ten Segor in the sixth century. " It may be confused with Shaghur "seepage," which is held to be identical with Shihor, the "black 244 water" of Joshua 19:36. This last takes in western Palestine the form 2ir A great desert poet, Abu Sakhr, wrote that nothing on earth brings verses as readily to mind as Sozura, ' suggesting the name of a running water and wild places. famous water hole in south Arabia, called Shisur by Thomas and Shisar nation? The latter certainly was 10 peninsula not only the mountains of by Philby." It is a "tiny copse" what the ancients called a yam, the south part of the peninsula, but (Thomas) and one of the loneliest that word having, whether applied also the plain extending north. . . . spots in all the world. So we have to salt water or fresh, the basic To the South we had a view of the Shihor, Shaghur, Sajur, Saghir, meaning of source or fountain. greater part of the at-Tihama Segor (even Zoar), Shajar, Sozura, call 1' 41 Please note that Nephi does not shore." From the Arabian side, Shisur, and Shisar, all connected the Red Sea a fountain, but rather then, the northeastern arm ©f the somehow or other and denoting refers to this gulf as a fountain of Red Sea for over a hundred miles either seepage—a weak but reliable the Red Sea—a feeder, as it were, (i.e., in the sector where Lehi's water supply—or a clump of trees. with spring torrents flowing into it party first came upon the sea, (I Whichever one prefers, Lehi's peo- {Ibid., 2:9), a yam in the very Nephi 2:5) is not an open sea at ple could hardly have picked a bet- sense that the Nile and Euphrates all, and is not the Red Sea: it is a ter name for their first suitable stop- at flood were yams. broad and elongated sheet of water ping place than Shazer. like the Nile and Euphrates at flood, When the party reached the Before leaving the subject of

and like them it is not closed water ocean, "we beheld the sea, which waters, it would be well to note —not a great lake—but opens out we called Irreantum, which, being that Nephi's mention of a river in to the sea, flowing out through two interpreted, is many waters." (Ibid., a most desolate part of Arabia has channels, each but five miles wide. 17:5.) But why did they not simply caused a good deal of quite unneces- The corresponding western arm of call it the sea and be done? Be- sary eyebrow-raising. Though Ho- the Red Sea anciently had the cause there was no name in their garth says that Arabia "probably mysterious and much-discussed language to designate this particu- never had a true river in all its im- 47 name of Yam Suph, "sea (or foun- lar sea; so they simply gave it a mense area,"" later authorities, in- tain) of weeds (or rushes)." If it name of their own. The ancients cluding Philby, are convinced that was called a yam, what is more regularly resort to epithets when the peninsula has supported some natural than that its twin gulf to speaking of the great outer seas, as quite respectable rivers even in his- the east should bear the same desig- the "Great Green" of the Egyp- (Continued on page 516) JUNE 1950 487 ENTURY OF JSiERVICE... L« ^Jke S^aaa or

fifty-five William Wines Willard Richards, an Apostle and ATPhelps was considered an old also clerk of the Council of the man at Winter Quarters. 1 Per- Twelve. One of the notes, addressed haps that was one of the reasons to Saints in the East, said in part: he was not trekking along the trail This people live to the Rocky Mountains with Brig- cannot without intelligence, for it is through obedience to the ham Young's first company of principle they are to receive their exalta- in Mormon Pioneers the spring of tion; and if the intelligence cannot be had, 1847. Generally they were young justice has no claim on obedience, and men in that group of stouthearted, their exaltation must be decreased. This principle is sufficient to show you the high-booted stalwarts seeking a new importance of using all diligence in help- for the driven Saints. Their home ing Elder Phelps to bring us the materials, average age was little more than whereby we can furnish our children with thirty, not counting the two boys books, and the Saints with new things to 3 and three women who made the feast the soul. journey. - - to - "^ William W. Phelps remained ^ x f ;._._^fc s vt-i« with the little cluster of log huts, tents, wagon tops, and dugouts along the greening banks of the ««£ The hand-operated Ramage Press of pioneer days Missouri. But he did not stay long. produced two papers a minute, provided an entire I if cropped up : edition of 225 newspapers no mishaps m»- - }., He had a mission to perform. The to vex the printer. call had come from President Young of the Council of the Twelve I the East. He was to obtain a and his associates. It was a mighty

printing press, type, paper, ink, and ...... w JFfc mission. Only a few days before other supplies to be taken "over the first company of Pioneers had the mountains to the Salt Lake rolled away from Winter Quar- 2 City.*' ters, Brother Phelps had been asked Such a call was not new to Wil- to go in the opposite direction, to liam Phelps. About fifteen years W. Typical street scene in 1868, when Salt Lake City ''Journal History, April 1, 1847 before, the Prophet Joseph Smith had become so metropolitan in aspect that the Deseret News became a daily paper. had asked him to purchase a press in Cincinnati for the Saints. This With the help of the Saints in the Bishops of the William Phelps had done, and with Church were agents the press he had established the Eastern States, William Phelps ob- in charge of supervis- tained the and in Boston he ing the collection of first printing office of the Latter- means, precious rags of all purchased the press.* descriptions for pa- day Saints. It was situated in Inde- per making. Dis- In a way that was the beginning carded wagon tops, pendence, Missouri, and with that old, torn hempen had published of The Deseret News, the Church ropes, paper hangings press Brother Phelps or newspaper, 15 ob- any old rags, be the first periodical of the Church which on June they cotton, linen or serves the hundredth anniversary of woolen . . . all was in this dispensation. It was called grist for the paper its first publication. mill. The Evening And The Morning Star, Brother Phelps purchased the press in 1847. But it did not really Thus while the first company of clank into motion in the mountains Pioneers wagoned west, William until almost three years later. He Phelps moved eastward in search returned to Winter Quarters from of a press. Before he could buy the East in the fall of 1847, twelve it, he needed to find the means for days after President Young arrived the purchase. He carried with him there from his first journey to Salt two letters of introduction, signed Lake Valley. It was the plan of by both President Young and the brethren for President Young 2 Diary of William J. Appleby, then Eastern States Mission President, July 27, 1847 3Joarnal History. April 1, 1847 *See William J. Appleby's diary for summer, 1847 488 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA to take the printing equipment "with him on his second journey to the mountains, the following year. But the press did not go with him. Brigham Young explained the rea-

+Jke

By WENDELL J. ASHTON

son why in a letter on the trail, near Chimney Rock, to Elders Parley P. Pratt and John Taylor and other leaders in the Salt Lake Valley:

You must not be disappointed in not A section of the Deseret News pressroom of today, with its giant Hoe press weighing about 40 tons, and capable of turning out 2,000 twenty-page papers' every minute it is in operation. seeing the printing presses, type, paper, mill irons, mill stones, carding machines, etc., as I had fully calculated on the teams ^:**W-:':-:^:~^'K: The winter of 1849-50 was a that you sent from the valley bringing them on. We have the poor with us; their vicious one. Trails to civilization cry is urgent to go to the mountains, and were blocked with snow for several I could neither close my ears nor harden months. Some women and children 5 my heart against their earnest appeals. . . . endured the winter in the valley with nothing for shelter but the canvas of covered-wagon boxes placed on the ground. The first mail of the 1850 season arrived in Great Salt Lake City

(the "Great" was . not officially dropped by the territorial legisla-

ture until 1 868 ) on Saturday, June 8. It came with Thomas S. Williams. He had carried messages across rain-swept Iowa during the exodus from Nauvoo. He had come from Kanesville on the Missouri in the "lightning" timeof thirty-nine days. An historic landmark: "The Old Mill" at the In his mailbags were newspapers mouth of Big Cottonwood Canyon. In recent years a dance resort cleverly uses the picturesque ruin from the East. which was once the famous Deseret News paper mill. A gay day in news reporting indeed was the oc- The arrival of the mail was no casion of the unveiling of the statue of Brigham Young in 1897. In this historic photo of the Main— doubt the signal for work really to South Temple intersection may plainly see one the Dr. Richards, a scholarly, self- old Deseret News building on the site of the present- begin in setting the type and ready- day Hotel Utah corner. effacing big in ing the forms for the first edition man who was body of the pioneer newspaper in the as well as in his ways, had assisted With some of the Saints on the Mountain West. The copy was with the publishing of the Millen- Missouri donating beans and hams, prepared by the editor, Willard nial Star in England, and he had and others, wagons and oxen, and Richards. By this time, the First helped in preparing the Times and still others, some precious coins, Presidency of the Church had been Seasons in Nauvoo. enough equipment was obtained to reorganized, and Elder Richards Even before Tom Williams had carry the press to the mountains in had been named second counselor arrived with the mail, Willrrd 1849. In charge of the ox train to President Young. The first Richards had written the prospectus that took it west was Howard Egan, counselor was Heber C. Kimball. for the newspaper about to be born. a saddle-tough frontiersman who Willard Richards was gifted with He headed it with the words, had been a bodyguard to the the pen. He had been secretary to- "Truth and Liberty." They were Prophet Joseph Smith in Nauvoo. the Prophet Joseph, who had said to be the News' motto for a hun- The printing equipment arrived of him: dred years. in the valley in the fall of 1849, a In part, the prospectus read: year that had seen gold-thirsty I have been searching all my life to find a man after my own heart whom I "forty-niners" pouring through the We propose to publish a small weekly could trust with my business in all things, sheet, as large as our local circumstances little settlement in the Mormon and I have found him. Dr. Willard "Deseret 6 will permit, to be called News," desert by the thousands. Richards is the man. designed originally to record the passing

5Journal History, July 17, 1848 e]ournal History, November 21, 1841 (Continued on following page) JUNE 1950 489 )

A CENTURY OF SERVICE

(Continued from preceding page) directory. There were no pictures. Meanwhile, progress had been events of our State, and in connexion, The only story in it that rated more made by the pioneer paper in gath- refer to the arts and sciences, embracing than a one-line "head" was a page- ering the news. Shortly before the general education, medicine, law, divinity, one account describing a "Terrible booming of guns at Fort Sumter, domestic and political economy, and everything that may fall under our observation, Fire in San Francisco" on Christ- touching off the Civil War, the first which may tend to promote the best in- mas Eve, almost six months before. Pony Express rider splashed terest, welfare, pleasure and amusement It was a humble start. But trials through the rain and dark to the of our fellow citizens. and triumphs of the newspaper were city of the Saints. He was Howard We hold ourselves responsible to the only beginning. For the next half Egan, the man who had brought highest court of truth for our intentions, century, the press to the and the highest court of eguity for our Willard Richards and his mountains. The execution. When we speak, we shall successors accepted everything from arrival of the Express meant that speak freely, without regard to men or prairie chickens to fence posts for news could be brought to Salt Lake party, and when, like other men, we err, subscriptions. News in the early Valley from the frontier in six let him who has his eyes open, correct us days had to days. Washington, D.C., in meekness, and he shall receive a come by plodding oxen was only 7 or mules from civilization nearly a week disciple's reward. . . . a away! thousand miles away to the east Little more than a year after the or west. Indians, deep snow, swol- Much of the typesetting for the first Pony Express message arrived, len rivers, and burning deserts first edition was done by Horace the transcontinental telegraph was harassed the mail carriers. K. Whitney, a brown-haired, completed. That brought news to Perhaps the most disturbing of bearded, and well-built young man the mountains in ticker time. all problems for the News in its who had worked in the Times and On New Year's Day in 1935, early days—and later, too—was the Seasons shop in Nauvoo. The another wonder, wirephoto, ar- scarcity of paper. Soon after the proof was read by Thomas Bullock, rived at the offices of the News. newspaper was launched, it was the clerk of the first company of It brought pictures from various slowed to a bi-weekly. Then it Pioneers. He had also been the parts of the world to the news- was issued every three weeks, and "Johnny Appleseed" of the group, paper in flash time. once it did not appear for three planting handfuls of yellow or Other advances came to the months. white corn as the trekkers wagoned growing newspaper. The pioneers over the trail. The original were accustomed to News Shortly after the Civil War, in thorny problems. They met the pressman was Brigham H. Young, 1865, the newspaper began issuing paper difficulty characteristically. nephew of the President. Brigham a semi-weekly as well as the weekly. H. a They advertised for discarded was stocky youth with Two years afterward, the daily was tops, quilts, light-brown hair, wagon shirts, and ropes blue-gray eyes, launched. Later, both the weekly for papermaking. In 1854 they set and fair, clean-shaven skin. and semi-weekly were discontinued. up a crude paper mill on Temple The printing of the first News In 1948 the News became a seven- Square. The newsprint the little was done in a little adobe shack on day newspaper. At about the same mill yielded was thick and gray. South Temple Street just east of time it added such popular features Bull it was paper. It supplied the where the Hotel Utah now stands. as the daily Family Section and the newspaper until a stock could be Scipio A. Kenner, who later became weekly locally-edited gravure maga- wagoned in from the Missouri or the "Mark Twain" of the news- zine in four colors. from California. Later, during Civil paper, said that the shack was "al- War days, Brigham Young estab- From the beginning The Deseret most as easy to get on top as into." s lished a paper factory in the shell News has been guided by stalwarts The place was known as the mint of the old Sugar House in the south- whose vision and toil and sacrifice building, since gold coins had been for- east section of the city. Wiry, have kept the paper moving made there for several months. enthusiastic, little George Goddard ward. There have been managers All of the type for the little eight- was called on an important mission like solid, wise, and sandy-haired page paper was set hand. by Each to collect rags. He went through Elias A. Smith, who often worked letter of each word picked was up the territory shaking a bell and far into the night (and sometimes and placed in a "stick." The papers gathering them up. In the eighties, through the entire night without were printed on the Ramage hand a pretentious paper mill was erected rest) getting out the paper, particu- press obtained by William W. by the News at the mouth of Big larly in the days when the Pony Phelps. It yielded papers a two Cottonwood canyon. It made some Express would bring late bulletins minute. (The modern Hoe News excellent paper, but it burned down on the Civil War; and honest, self- press, weighing about forty tons, is early on April Fools' Day, 1893. effacing, and able John A. Evans. capable of printing two thousand (World War II brought on another When the newspaper was fighting twenty-page papers a minute. paper famine. In 1948, to insure for its life following the financial There were approximately 225 future paper, the News, together panic in the 1890's, he more than papers in that first edition. The size with the Los Angeles Times and once slipped across the street to of the sheets was about the same Oregon interests, purchased the the bank and drew from his own as those in a modern telephone Hawley Paper Mill in Oregon City. family's savings account to help The new company became known meet the payroll. Drama-loving, 7Deseret News, June 15, 1850 8 as Publishers' Paper Company.) Kenner, Utah As It Is, p. 156 (Concluded on page 494) 490 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA — >i MIRACLE OF The^'foy

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For additional information and the name and address of your local dealer write to ZCMI Wholesale Distributors now! does create cavities in your Sugar, the same stuff that appears sugar on your table in granulated teeth." But wait a minute. form, is turning out to be a SUGAR At the Harvard School of Dental wonder-working miracle chemical. Medicine, Dr. Reider F. Sognnaes and Dr. James H. Shaw fed huge Science is now putting it into paints Ljoes Jo Worn ft and cosmetics, medicines and anes- quantities of sugar to eighteen rats the thetics, adhesives and rubber, tire and hamsters. For nine months patches and paper, shoe polish and animals got this presumably tooth- phonograph records, explosives and SCIENCE* wrecking diet. Yet, at the end of soap. Already the chemists have that time, there wasn't a cavity them! Then the researchers discovered that more than ten thou- The article, "Refined Sugar: among sand different kinds of materials Its Use and Misuse," by Dr. tried sugar on monkeys—and came Harold Lee Snow, on page can be derived from sucrose and out with the same conclusion: — HO of the March 1948 issue direct a cause of they're just getting started. of The Improvement Era, Sugar was not as created a great deal of inter- caries as had been assumed. While industry is putting sugar est among Era readers. In- Although it is not definitely to all sorts of fantastic uses, medi- asmuch as Latter-day Saints known whether or not such dis- cal men are making startling dis- should be desirous of con- sidering every question from coveries are fully applicable to hu- role in coveries about sugar's your all points of view, we are pre- mans, they are still good news to diet. One by one, they are knock- senting herewith another article which considers another nutritionists, who foresee that we ing out old beliefs, to emerge with side of this subject. may have to use more sugar to keep brand-new ideas that may help you the people of the world adequately to achieve better health. The Editors fed. Although sugar lacks vita- Even the experts are awed by mins and minerals, it offers pure sugar, for it is one of the major energy—in other words, calories— marvels of nature. They call it & readily and cheaply. "crystallized water and sunlight," V In fact, the biggest news of all and that is just about right. A f\eed rl/idiard about sugar may be its part in solv- sugar-cane or sugar-beet plant in- ing the desperate world food short- hales 1.7 ounces of carbon dioxide age. Just how desperate that from the air, absorbs .7 ounces of England, Dr. Leslie F. Wiggins problem may become has been water from the soil, gathers 112 cal- and associates have come up with dramatized by Fairfield Osborn, ories of pure energy from sunlight, a method of making nylon out of famed naturalist, who has mar- and turns them into an ounce of su- sugar. They have also developed shaled a frightening array of facts. gar. Of course, it goes through a promising new antifreeze prepa- Every day the net population of lengthy refining before it gets to ration made of sugar. increases by 97,000! It your table, but that's the funda- But sugar's greatest claim to be- the world takes, on the average, about 2.5 mental process. ing a miracle substance still lies acres of cropland to provide a All over the scientific world, in its food qualities. No other year's food for one person. Divide there is a sense of excited interest known food can match the speed the total tillable acreage of the in sugar. The Sugar Research with which it can deliver the stored two acres Foundation alone has sponsored energy of sunlight into the human world, and you get only meet even today's fifty-nine major projects in the past blood stream. No wonder medi- a person. To requirements, there is a crying need six years. In addition, great sugar cine has found that, with its capac- the amount of food that companies and individual re- ity for swift delivery to any part to increase produce. searchers are working on hundreds of the system, sugar can be used an acre can of special projects aimed at making as a medicine. Injections of glu- Dr. Robert C. Hockett, scientific this useful substance even more cose have helped to relieve the director of the Sugar Research versatile. Their startling discover- nausea of pregnancy. And doctors Foundation, sees sugar as a dra- ies may change your life in the feed high-sugar diets to patients matic solution to this dilemma. future. with certain diseases of the liver. What, he asks, does it take in the to produce the one Chemists figure there are more Knowing what sugar can do to way of land calories needed by the aver- than 250,000 ways to link sugar cure human ailments, doctors are million year? molecules with other substances; hastening to explode fallacious be- age man each for instance, we don't have to wor- liefs about its bad effects. Top on If he were going to get them all ry about running out of coal or the list is the myth that sugar from potatoes, it would take forty- gasoline. We'll just use sugar. causes diabetes. This is a dis- four percent of an acre. From corn Fantastic? Not to scientists of torted notion, say medical experts. meal, ninety percent of an acre, success- the Carnegie Institute of Tech- Diabetes authorities have from refined wheat flour, one and diabetes patients off in- nology in Pittsburgh! They have fully taken two tenths acres. From hogs, two meas- discovered that sugar can be turned sulin and still allowed them a acres. Eggs, seven acres. Steers, starches! into a sort of artificial soft coal that ure of sweets and seventeen acres. burns with terrific heat. Or, by You probably think you are on Now consider sugar. Averaging using another process, they can safe ground when you say, "Well, the yields of cane and beets, it

turn it into oil. takes little more than one eighth 'Reprinted from January 1950 Coronet. Copyright, At Birmingham University in 1949, by Esquire, Inc. (Concluded on page 520) 492 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA 230 universities, educational institutions 147 hospitals and other medical groups 1,825 small and large businesses

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JUNE 1950 493 A CENTURY OF SERVICE

(Concluded from page 490) the purchase of the big paper mill Hotel Utah is now situated. The businesslike Horace G. Whitney in the Northwest. News through the years went to directed the News fortunes longer The company has served the the Tithing Office Building (a low than anyone—more than twenty Church and the Mountain West in building just north of the store years—and none had a more ways other than through a news- building), the historic Council lustrous record. paper. Since its beginning it has House, and to what is now known Brilliant minds have served as done commercial or job printing. as the Union Pacific Building. The editor. Among them was Charles Some of its first printing of this newspaper is now published in the W. Penrose, small in physical type were the large-lettered hand- four-story Deseret News Building stature but mighty with his pen in bills advertising plays in the old on Richards Street. The job opera- defense of the Saints during some adobe Social Hall. During 1949, tion during 1949 was transferred to of their most difficult days. And the job department printed and a two-acre enclosed area at In- there was versatile George Q. Can- bound 150,000 hard-bound books, dustrial Center, known during non, who founded the daily and many of them on Church history World War II as the Reming- wrote with a powerful simplicity and doctrine. During the same ton Arms plant. During John- that charmed children as well as period, it produced a million Church ston's Army threat in 1858, the adults. Among other editors have lesson manuals, pamphlets, tele- newspaper was printed in the base- been such worthy names as Albert phone directories, and similar book- ment of the pink-stone territorial Carrington, David O. Calder, John lets. Three million magazines, statehouse in Fillmore. of them copies of The Im- The mammoth newspaper press Q. Cannon, Joseph J. Cannon, and many Mark E. Petersen, present editor provement Era, emerged from the now thunders away in the heart as well as general manager. Under plant during the same year. of downtown Salt Lake City, only his leadership the News circulation Homes of The Deseret News a few feet from where Willard has doubled in two years' time, and through a century have been typical Richards, its first editor, was buried. there have been big steps forward of its progress on other fronts. The Some years later his remains were in other spheres, too. Albert E. little adobe shack called The Mint removed to the cemetery. But Wii- Bowen, chairman of the company's did not long house the operation. lard Richards' influence is still with present board of directors, has con- Later it was taken to the three- the institution he started. "Truth tributed much toward progress. It story Deseret Store building, stand- and Liberty" were his guiding was he who guided the News' ing on the corner of Main and thought. They are The Deseret negotiations in its participation in South Temple streets where the News' banner today.

^fr

page 485) The design finally decided upon (Concluded from BRIGHAM YOUNG HONORED The commissions have worked dili- for the monument was one sub- gently to make the statue a reality, mitted by five architect grandsons will be dedicated at Whitingham into consultation members of Brigham Young: Don C. Young, calling Center, Vermont, his birthplace. of the Young family, members of Jr., Lorenzo S. Young, George Can- This monument is being erected by representative peo- non Young, Georgius Y. Cannon, the Church, and the Sons of the Utah Pioneers, the state. and Edward P. Young. It is a ple throughout the Church, and descendants of Brig- The sculptor, Mahonri Young, ham Young. fluted column of Vermont granite grandson of Brigham Young, was which reaches thirteen feet high selected; the plaster model ap- and which bears the inscription: proved; and the final marble statue agreed upon. Mahonri Young Brigham Young, Church Leader, Pio- neer, Statesman. Born in Town of Whit- went to Italy to select the marble BRIGHAM YOUNG ingham, June 1, 1801. Led Mormon statue. and execute the By Gene Romolo Pioneers from Nauvoo, Illinois, to Rocky The program for the presentation Mountains, reaching the valley of Great Salt Lake, 24, 1847. of the statue will be June 1, 1950. XJo craven spirit his nor callous heart! July Became second President of the Church President George Albert Smith will * ^ Largess of humane love and sympathy, He freely gave as he performed the part of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, dedicate the statue, after its un- Ordained for him, to bless futurity. December 27, 1847. Died at Salt Lake veiling by Mabel Young Sanborn, His vision reached beyond the West's City, Utah, August 29, 1877. only surviving child of Brigham frontiers; His statue occupies a place in Statuary He saw unbroken trails that man would Young. Vice-president Alben W. Hall, National Capital, Washington, D. C. tread This monument erected by Descendants Barkley will also address the as- As he pursued progression through the of Brigham Young in cooperation with years; semblage. L.D.S. choruses from the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day He saw earth's people starving, and he said, New York, Washington, D.C., and "Let gold remain unmined and harvest Saints. Virginia will participate in the wheat, it granaries be stored, program, as will the United States And let in stout President Smith will participate That now and in the future man may eat." Marine band. Through him thus spoke the wisdom of the at these services also, as will Dr. Lord. John A. Widtsoe of the Council of Prophet, pioneer, statesman, friend of man Qn Sunday, May 28, 1950, a the Twelve and John D. Giles of Was he whom God inspired and taught to monument to Brigham Young plan. The Improvement Era staff. 494 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA HAULING STEERS TO THE STOCKYARDS

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ueue QUORUM ACTIVITY SOFTBALL

Members of the 95th quorum of field, so they sent him funds to some stakes softball activities seventy in the West Jordan cover the expense of a trip to Salt INare not progressing as they

Stake feel it is important to Lake City, where he was the guest should in either the junior or assist our neighbors if we are to of the quorum members for eighteen senior leagues. abide by our teachings and be days. During this time he told of Stakes should take advantage of blessed. the many fine results he was able to this splendid opportunity for good During the early part of 1948 accomplish through the efforts of fellowship to create more activity this quorum felt their activities were this quorum. Climaxing his visit among quorum members. not sufficient to satisfy their ambi- was a big quorum social held on The experience of the past year tions. It was their desire to do November 3, 1949, attended by the has shown its real value. Most more—if possible to sponsor a members and their wives. stakes are enthusiastic about the missionary to carry our great mes- During the spring of 1949 this results obtained. Members of the sage to the world. After some energetic quorum wanted another priesthood who were not active in delay in endeavoring to find a project. They rented a twenty- quorum affairs, or were not attend- worthy stake member who was un- eight-acre farm which they planted ing sacrament and other meetings able to finance himself, it was de- entirely to wheat, with the result that for various reasons, participated in cided to answer the appeal from they harvested a $1,900.00 crop, the softball and found themselves President Arwell L. Pierce, of the with a net profit of over $1,000.00 getting acquainted with new people Mexican Mission, to sponsor native after all expenses were paid. and enjoying the association of missionaries. Accordingly, arrange- When the decision was made to other quorum members more than ments were made with President finance a missionary in the field, they had in a long time. It was Pierce to sponsor Elder Narciso they had but $65.00 in their treas- not long before many of them re- Sandoval of San Gabriel, Puebla, ury. After completion of their farm established themselves in quorum Mexico. project and payment of all expenses affairs and are now valuable mem- Practically the entire cost of El- of the missionary, they still have bers. der Sandoval's mission was financed over $800.00 indicating the Lord In many instances, non-members by each member of the quorum con- does bless his servants if they will who were invited to play so appre- tributing one dollar each month for but take advantage of the oppor- ciated the good, clean association in this purpose. tunities which are given to them. this sport that they have now be- After fulfilling a very successful The members of the 95th quorum come affiliated with this Church. mission, Elder Sandoval was re- of seventy feel greatly blessed for While this is a splendid oppor- leased at the Lamanite Conference what little effort they put forth in tunity to interest these brethren, our held in Mesa, Arizona, in October these activities. Even though this interest in them should not stop 1949, where he was met by his wife quorum is composed of groups from there. They should be made to feel and three children. Here Elder five different wards, the members that they are an essential part of Sandoval and his wife were privi- found no great obstacles in carry- the group in other quorum activi- leged to go to the temple and be ing out these projects. The en- ties and socials. sealed to one another and have their thusiasm of the presidency carried The time is short. If there are children sealed to them. forth to the members and has re- stakes who have not yet organized Not entirely satisfied with these sulted in such a fine spirit of co- their softball teams, they should do efforts, the quorum members desired operation that they are arranging to so at once so they may be eligible to meet personally the man who had plant the twenty-eight acre farm to participate in the playoffs. represented them in the mission again this year. All holders of the Melchizedek

Members of the 95th quorum of seventy and their wives. 496 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA —) —

ieavier on the gas and is slower to apply the brakes. Yes, used moderately or im- moderately, alcohol makes one a poor driver.

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Youth Speaks

My Courtship Must Be Beautiful

Definition Of "Family" In Ward Teaching

44 BETTY VI/hat constitutes a family from the standpoint of ward teaching" is a BRYCE problem confusing to some bishops. The term family is a collective word and does not specify any given number. With so many unusual family and individual combinations, it is difficult to establish a ruling or formulate a policy to fit every circumstance. The examples given here are common to most bishops, and while there may not be an answer to every question arising, the illustrations used will cover by far the majority of cases and establish to some extent uniformity of interpretation in this regard. (Excerpts from an address delivered by Betty Bryce during a recent quar- The Following Are Classified as Two or More Families* terly conference of the St. Joseph Stake, Arizona. 1. Married children living with their parents

HPhe ideal courtship is made up of 2. Widows, widowers, or divorced members having children, and living the contributions of a young man with their parents and a young woman giving of their 3. Widows, widowers, or divorced members having children, but living best, honoring and respecting each with a brother or a sister other always. An ideal courtship is 4. Two or more single men who are members, living together (one family creative and elevating. From such for each individual) a courtship comes a love that is pure 5. Two or more single women who are members, living together (one fam- in the sight of God. ily for each individual) Chastity would be the rule of conduct, for "How glorious and near to the angels is youth that is clean." The Following Are Classified as One Family! I want my courtship to be beautiful because it is the foundation, the pre- 1. Children, in one family, under nine years of age, not baptized, but who paratory step to the most sacred event have been blessed, having one or both parents who are nonmembers of my life—marriage in the house of 2. Children, in one family, who have been baptized, having one or both the Lord. It will not be a marriage parents who are nonmembers for time only but for all eternity as well. 3. Members living alone regardless of age Only through marriage in the temple 4. Brothers or sisters or combinations of both, living together but not can we obtain the highest degree of living with parents glory in the celestial kingdom of God. 5. Member who is married, without children, whose husband or wife is Is this not what we are working for? a nonmember I want my courtship to be beautiful 6. Children living with parents where all are members of the Church because I want my marriage to be 7. An unmarried member living with a nonmember family beautiful. There must be no reservations in the love, esteem, and admira- tion between my companion and me The Following Do Not Constitute a Family, but Are Included as Members of when we kneel at the marriage altar, the Family with Whom They Reside: knowing that the choice has been made thoughtfully and prayerfully and that 1. Aged members are our Heavenly Father smiles down with who widows, widowers, or divorced, and because of illness or infirmity, live divine approval. with one of their children, or a brother, or a sister, or a grandchild In the home that will someday be mine I wish to claim the blessings 2. Unmarried grandchildren living with grandparents who are members that the priesthood brings into the 3. Unmarried children living with their aunts or uncles who are members for enduring joy is built upon home, 4. Aged members who are unmarried, living with married brothers or spiritual ideals. sisters who are members My parents, too, are a part of my 5. Widows, widowers, or divorced members not having children and living courtship. I can seek their advice and with their parents who are members counsel in difficulties that may arise 6. Students attending school away from home, whose membership is not during this important period of my transferred to the ward in which they are temporarily living life. I want to honor them by living what they have taught me in my youth, 7. Members living in L.D.S. homes where they are employed fulfilling the trust they place in me as A member living in an infirmary or a public institution is not considered as their daughter and as a young woman. a family. Members in these institutions should be visited by ward teachers I want a marriage built upon the from the ward in which they are a member of record, if the institution is not firm rock of faith, love, purity, and too far removed, and if the member would be strengthened as a result of the obedience to the laws of God. visit. 498 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA m% tunmift & j-^repared bif <=JLee _Xr. j-^aitmer

Canadc Latter-day Saint Girls Establish 100 Percent Attendance Records

Challenging Records /"^irls appearing in the photographs below have maintained a perfect record of attendance at sacrament meeting, Sunday School, and Y.W.M.I.A. from one to three years.

MAXINE PILLING

GRANITE (UTAH) STAKE presents eighteen of the nineteen girls who have records of one hundred Maxine is a member of the Leavitt percent attendance from one to three years. Curtis, two; Heloyce Hanson, two; Patricia Richins, two; Stake (Canada) and Front row: Joy Verde, two years; Sarah Ward, Alberta Gladys Durtschi, three; Betty James, three; Marilyn Palmer, three; Gloria Trautter, three; Ruth Verde,

has maintained a perfect record of (absent) two. . Second row: One year only; Connie James, Faye Christensen, Janet Alexander, Cleo Remington, attendance at sacrament meeting, Sun- Beverly Carman, Darlene Poulsen, Karma Burton, Ann Jorgensen, Laura Jean Haynes, Barbara White. day School, and Y.W.M.I.A. for two years. Maxine's parents report, "She goes because she enjoys her meetings so much." May we add that Maxine's reason for attending her meetings is a challenge to others to develop the FILLMORE WARD, MIL- same reason for going to Church. LARD (UTAH) STAKE, boasts six girls with perfect attendance records tor two years or more. Front row: Norma Hunter, Betty Jo Hatton, Joyce Marshall. Back row: Lamon Mell- ville, Helen Verhaaren, Hylda Rasmussen. RAY MILLER HARDY

Ray is a member of the Stirling

Ward, Taylor Stake ( Canada ) . In addition to having a one hundred percent attendance record at sacrament meeting, priesthood meeting, Sunday School, and Y.M.M.I.A. for two years, he has passed the sacrament in both Sunday School and sacrament meeting every Sunday during that time. Here is another example of devotion to duty.

L.D.S. Girl leaders

"Letting down after making BEAR RIVER (UTAH) STAKE added twenty-four to the list of girls with one hundred percent attendance records. " good is quitting." We cannot Front row: LuAnn Shaffer, Renee Nielson, Anna Marie Josephson, Edna Archibald, Charlene Lamb. Marie Grover, Beverly Cannon, Marie Petersen, Rose Ann Cutler, let down until our work is fin- Second row: Mary Castleton, Phyllis Louise Larkin. ished June 30, 1950. Third row: Joan Nish, Leah Sorensen, Nancy Gam, Carol Mann, Phyllis Arbon, Cleo Sorensen. Back row: Marlene King, LaNez Larkin, JoLayne Palmer, Emma Louise Carter. Absent from photo, Carol Lynn Capener, Orlene Sorensen, Barbara Elmer. JUNE 1950 499 )

Israel" is deeply rooted in France, - FRENCH MISSION 1850 1950 that they need only to be given the Continued chance to hear the message of the ( from page 483 in France itself, but there has never ence of packing up the mission and been the concentration of mission- gospel. He was further convinced moving it from country to country- ary effort there that there has been of this when two elders proposed depending on the political, eco- in the other two countries. that he come to Reims, France, nomic, and social conditions. Today, France is hearing the where they were working {a town Before the arrival of President gospel. President Barker had al- with no members), and speak at a and Sister Barker in May 1946, ways believed that the "blood of public meeting answering the ques- President Ezra Taft Benson of the European Mission went to Paris at a time when housing was scarce and automobiles impossible to buy. Within a day or two he arranged 3orawina anJ to rent a beautiful apartment in one of the best sections of Paris and § bought three of the first cars to be § FORGETTING made in postwar France, one for § the for & European and one each BY RICHARD L EVANS the French and Dutch missions. \ President and Sister Barker's \ W e often hear the phrase, "Forgive and forget." But first few months in Europe were £ how much is "forgetting" a part of "forgiving"? spent unraveling military and gov- £ There is no one who does not sometime need to be for- ernment details, locating lost mem- ? given, and there is no one who does not hope that his bers, distributing welfare supplies, ? errors will be forgotten. But a verbally proffered forgiveness comes much easier than an actually accomplished and trying to make postwartime ra- £ tions stretch over three meals. forgetfulness. And if every time we are miffed, we remind One cannot imagine the tremen- a man of all his past mistakes, we haven't fully forgiven. dous amount of good that came from People cannot live together in happiness until their dif- the welfare supplies that were ferences are settled. And differences are not settled so shipped to the French Mission from long as they are bitterly remembered. Of course, we may Salt Lake City. The moral as- say that we can make ourselves forgive, but we cannot sistance was as great as the ma- make ourselves forget. But we do have some control over terial. An unfortunate occurrence forgetfulness as well as over remembrance. We cannot in January 1947—the loss of $3,478 will our minds to be a blank. But we can crowd out some worth of welfare goods in a ware- thoughts with other thoughts. In some measure, at least, house fire near Paris—brought we can select our thoughts. Of course, the offender has sharply to mind the efficiency of some obligations also, and if sincere forgiveness is ex- the welfare committee in Salt Lake pected, sincere repentance should be offered. People City. Only fifteen days after the can't move forward on a new footing if the old false foot- fire, President Barker was notified ing is always there to stumble over. And we also have it that a duplicate shipment of wel- on good authority that he who expects forgiveness must fare supplies had already left Salt be forgiving: For "if ye forgive not men their trespasses, 1 Lake for Le Havre to replace the neither will your Father forgive your trespasses." If -we burned supplies. Since the burned see ever before us the picture of former offenses, then supplies had been under the pro- every present prospect will be marred with old marks. If tection of the French relief or- we let the snarled past continually tangle the present, ganization, the loss was later re- there isn't much chance for unfettering the future. There funded to the Church by the French is little hope of walking in new ways so long as stumbling government. blocks from the paths of the past are constantly strewn The hard work and devotion before us. If there are those who have past grievances spent in years past have added up and who want to walk together again, they will literally to the healthy condition that the have to learn to forget as well as to say that they forgive. French Mission is in today. The If they would find a new footing of faith and confidence percentage of conversions com- and understanding, they must learn to leave some things pared with the number of mission- behind. It isn't always easy to forgive, and it is still more aries working in the mission has difficult to forget, but no one has done either completely always been high. unless he has earnestly tried to do both. Although the greatest percentage 1 Matthew 6:15 of membership has always been in "% S^>pokien Belgium and Switzerland, it is not UU" FROM TEMPLE SQUARE PRESENTED because the French people are not OVER KSL AND THE COLUMBIA BROAD- CASTING SYSTEM, APRIL 2, 1950 receptive to the gospel message. Copyright. King Features During the past hundred years there have been many missionaries 500 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA tion, "What is Mormonism?" The missionaries had rented a hall with seats for about sixty people. By the time the meeting was to start, people were standing in the aisles, hfcjMSttbisj «(| and the missionaries were forced to move to a small theater seating about 270. The theater soon filled up, leaving almost one hundred people standing in the aisles and out in the hall. At the end of the lecture they remained in their places and asked questions for more than an hour, not leaving until the lights were turned out. This first public lecture held in October 1947 was the beginning of a constant round of lectures given in all parts of France, Switzerland, and Belgium. The "public meeting" in the French Mission has been found to be one of the most profitable ways of counteracting bad publicity and correcting false impressions and fables that have grown up about NOW Available on Models "22," "30," "44," and "44-6" tractors, the L. D. S. people. As a result the Massey-Harris Depth-O-Matic System that makes it a "snap" of various types of public meetings to raise and lower implements ... to angle gangs ... to operate since missionary work has begun manure loaders, bull-dozers ... to do by hydraulic power what anew, the papers have carried you now do by muscle power. stories and even front-page head- lines about the L. D. S. mission-

aries, President Barker, and the There's more of everything in Massey- And you have this convenient hydraulic power whether the tractor is in correct nature of their work. Re- Harris Tractors . . . more power . . . motion or standing still. cently several groups of mission- more economy . . . more conveniences

. . . more efficient operation. aries presented musical programs The Depth-O-Matic control is just another reason why more and more in all parts of the mission, receiving There's no better example of this than farmers are "Making it a Massey- press write-ups and radio invita- the Massey-Harris Depth-O-Matic Harris." Among the six basic models System for raising and lowering imple- tions almost everywhere they went. there's a size and type to fit your farm, ments and holding them to their job. your crops, your purpose. One newspaperman, when shown some of the unsolicited publicity and enthusiastic response of news- Ask your nearest dealer for a FREE DEMONSTRATION papers in France, Switzerland, and Belgium, was astonished at the of a new MASSEY-HARRIS TRACTOR on your farm. amount and quality of the write- UTAH COLORADO ups. Delta— Hunsaker Motor Co. Alamosa—The San Luis Valley Implement Co. This part of Europe now has the Heber-M & H Welding Works Craig— Brinkley Hardware Kamas— Hoyt's Store opportunity of hearing the Taber- Logan—Farm Service Meeker—Wayne Sales & Service nacle Choir and short commentaries Monticello— Randall & Barton Pleasant View— J. C. Denton in their language. Since North Ogden and Sunset— own San Luis—San Luis Lumber & Supply Co. Baugh Repair & Farm Service the Christmas day, 1948, Chaine Payson—Allan's Farm Equipment Nationale of Radio Diffusion Fran- Parowan—Parowan Service Co. Richfield— Harward Brothers WYOMING caise, the largest broadcasting sta- Spring City— Strafe's Garage Afton—Valley Tractor & Implement Co. tion in Paris, sends out a fifteen- St. George— St. George Service Co. Casper—Noland Feed Company minute program of recorded choir Tremonton—Valley Implement Co. (Wayne Sandal!) Sheridan—Coffeen Sales Co. and organ music each Sunday morning at nine fifteen. Intermoantain Distributor The type and quality of missionary work being done in the French WESTERN MACHINERY COMPANY

Mission today is of the highest 748 West 8th South Salt Lake City 13, Utah standard. Of course one of the greatest difficulties in a foreign !%% n country is the language. In the MAKE IT A MASSEY - HARRIS French Mission the missionaries (Concluded on following page) JUNE 1950 501 ) ! -

SALT LAKE CITY French Mission 1850 - 1950 Lambert Roofing Co., "ENJOY YOURSELF 1718 South State Street (Concluded Fuller Paint Store, from preceding page) It's later than you think !"* 21 1 South State Street are speaking, writing, and think- TAKE A VACATION TREMONTON-Tri-State Lumber Co. ing "good French." Students who VERNAL— Ashton Bros. Co. come to France for the express purpose of studying the language TOUR seldom reach the high standard of NEVADA Chicago Fair French in the same length of time ELY— Ely Painters' Supply that the average missionary does. 10 Days $83.60 This is due in part to the deep in- OREGON California Days $ 60.65 terest that President and Sister NYSSA-Don B. Moss 64.65 Barker took in the type of work Yellowstone Da y S ONTARIO-Ontario Paint & Glass in * that each missionary does— Historic East D ys 175.80 helping each to realize his responsi- Pacific Coast Days 82.50 WYOMING bility of presenting the gospel in (Fares from Salt Lake—Add Tax) the best manner possible. AFTON-Chas. S. Call

. . . and many others throughout EVANSTON-Tri-State Lumber Co. America, Canada, and Mexico There is no one better qualified KEMMERER Transportation, hotel ac- than President Barker to help the Smith Bros- Furniture & Hardware commodations and special missionary with his French and SPRINGS sightseeing all included for ROCK especially the pronunciation, since one low cost Superior Lumber Co. he has spent many years in France doing research in the language and SEE YOUR GREYHOUND AGENT TODAY! IDAHO was formerly head of the depart- BLACKFOOT— Anderson Lumber Co. ment of foreign languages at the - OVER L AN D • BOISE University of Utah. As a result, G R EYH O U Annin's Suburban Store, there is no section in the mission Operated by INTERSTATE TRANSIT LINES 5014 Fairview Avenue where missionaries are working that and UNION PACIFIC STAGES, INC. Fuller Paint Store, *6y permission of copyright owners, E. H. they are not known for their Street Morris & Co., Inc., New York. 817 West Idaho "amazing ability" in the French EMMETT— Radke Furniture Co. language. GOODING—Anderson Lumber Co. Today the highest number of missionaries ever to be in the UTAH French Mission at one time are AMERICAN FORK MODERN DECORATING HELP actively engaged in missionary en- Barratt Builders' Supply deavor, and response to missionary BRIGHAM CITY FROM MODERN -MINDED activity is at an all-time high. Tri-State Lumber Co. MERCHANTS DELTA—Tri-State Lumber Co. The condition of the French HEBER CITY-Ashton's Consult this list of Mission in 1950 reflects the results LOGAN of missionary work started one Fuller Color-Planning Dealers Leon Stucki Building hundred years ago—when Presi- Specialties Co. — look for this Fuller dent John Taylor remarked about MAGNA a conference held in Paris on the approved store emblem! Central Lumber & Hdwe. Co. same day that France was voting MIDVALE for Louis Napoleon for president: Williams Building Supply Co. IDAHO FALLS MILFORD—Tri-State Lumber Co. ... at the very time they [the French Fuller Paint Store, 430 B St. people] were voting for their president, MURRAY— Barker Glass Co. KETCHUM-Ketchum Lumber Co. we were voting for our president; and OGDEN building up the kingdom of God; and I NAMPA Ken Knauss, 2667 Lincoln Ave. prophesied that our cause would stand Fuller Paint Store, Fuller Paint Store, when theirs was crushed to pieces; and the 11 2-1 2th Ave. South 2372 Washington Blvd. kingdom of God will roll on and spread PARMA— Peckham Furniture Co. from nation to nation and from kingdom OREM—Simmons Lumber & Hdwe. POCATELLO to kingdom. {Life of John Taylor, B. H. PAYSON Roberts. Anderson Lumber Co. Burdick Lumber & Hardware Co. Ostler Paint & Glass PLEASANT GROVE The corps of missionaries believe REXBURG— Rexburg Hardware Pleasant Grove Lumber & Hdwe. with President Golden L. Woolf, PROVO RIGBY— Lee Hardware who has now succeeded President Alma E. Wright RUPERT—Anderson Lumber Co. Barker, that the blood of Israel is Dixon-Taylor-Russell Co. TWIN FALLS-Art Hoggan to be found in France and French- SPANISH FORK-Jex Lumber Co. speaking countries—and they are WENDELL Service, Inc. Williams Builders' Farm Supply finding it. SPRINGVILLE-Utah & 502 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA !

The only difficult thing about decorating is to Make up your mind NOW-FULLER MAKES THAT d53^,T00!

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FIRST FOR COLOR!

JUNE 1950 503 TODAY'S v-5un Shepherd, C^dilof

Paintings, Pictures, and

Wall Decorations

dJ>u Uerta vSirrell

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF ART IN HOME ECONOMICS, UNIVERSITY OF UTAH

the walls of your rooms add Doloveliness to your home? Much of the charm of a lovely home is due either to beautiful paintings and pictures which grace the walls, or it is due to the use of modern wall treatments which give beauty to the home although they to some extent limit the use of paintings and pictures. —Photograph courtesy The Deseret News. Builders and decorators are now stressing textured wall surfaces. Some of these wall surfaces which There are other tendencies in are heavily framed (they may or may be unsuitable as backgrounds modern architecture which limit the may not have shelves), and usual- for pictures are: glass walls use of paintings in the home, too; ly contain either floral arrange- (frosted, corrugated, or transpar- for example, large picture windows ments, growing plants, figurines, or ent); rough-textured walls (brick, eliminate wall space and may serve collector's items of various types hand-cut stone, sand-blasted wood, as paintings themselves. Some (such as a collection of Indian pot- twisted hemp squares); and indoor decorators are substituting shadow tery). To add to their interest in planted areas (which serve as boxes (which are built in the wall) the room, these shadow boxes often room partitions). for paintings. These shadow boxes (Continued on page 510)

BLUEPRINT FOR hS-eturfUt

you bubbling over with health, en- thusiasm, and good will? The story will be told in your smile. But this is not all. When lips part in a smile, other inside secrets

on the list of "musts" for are betrayed—namely, we hope, High for the sparkling American girl is two rows of even, white teeth; a radiant smile—a smile that teeth also have a tale to tell. They speaks the secrets of inner happi- influence looks, speech, health, and ness and wholesomeness; for a personality.

smile, it is said, is not restricted to Why do some people have pearly the face. It is the expression of the white teeth and Others have yellow

whole body; it is an advertisement and decaying teeth? Very few peo- of the stock which lines our mental ple in our civilized world grow to shelves. Do your feet hurt? It adulthood with perfect teeth, and will show in your smile. Are you when they do, there's a reason. filled with pride and vanity? Your For instance, there is a relation- — courtesy Harold M. Photograph ship the amount of am- Lambert Studios. smile will give you away; or are between 504 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA —

monia in the saliva and the number of cavities in the teeth. A few people, three or four in a hundred, produce this ammonia in their sys- tems to the extent that it prevents decay. Also, fluorine compounds are being used with success today to keep teeth in good condition, but this treatment must be given during childhood to be effective. There's another reason for good teeth, too, but first let's talk about the simple rules of cleanliness which are a part of every beauty program. The object of brushing the teeth is to dislodge bits of food between them, break up gummy patches of starchy food which furnish feeding grounds for acid-forming bacteria, and to polish. Everyone should be able to raise the right hand in loyalty to the daily tooth-brushing program. Dental authorities say that a solution of three parts baking soda and one part salt is as good a cleanser as any other, but many prefer commercial dentifrices because of their flavor and because they seem to polish better. The only difference between a tooth paste and a powder is one of convenience. Some prefer one; some, the other. No cleanser used on the teeth should be gritty, however, as The makers of Improved Fels-Naptha Soap believe this may damage tooth enamel. The that any housekeeper will understand the plain antiseptic value of tooth powders, facts about whiteness and cleanness, stated below: pastes, and mouth washes is ex- Improved Fels-Naptha contains the finest ingredients that give tremely questionable, and warm salt your washes extra, brilliant whiteness. And Fels-Naptha also water fulfils all the requirements of gives you cleaner, sweeter washes because it combines the a mouth wash, except that it is — not pleasant tasting. Nature has EXTRA WASHING ENERGY of TWO GREAT CLEANERS given us our own mouth wash, the —good, golden soap and gentle, active naptha. saliva, which is an excellent neutral- izer of acids. But it is not clean- Just Remember This: ONLY IMPROVED FELS-NAPTHA SOAP ing powders and pastes which GIVES YOU THESE THREE WASHDAY ADVANTAGES: prevent decay or make dull teeth sparkling white. It is something 1. Mild, golden soap. else. 2. Gentle, active naptha. In 1932 Dr. Weston A. Price, a 3. Finer "Sunshine" Ingredients retired American dentist, took an that give white things extended trip over much of the world to study the dental condition extra, brilliant whiteness of people whose living habits dif- make washable colors fered from ours. In the Loetschen- brighter than new. tal Valley, Switzerland, he found a village of people who lived on whole milk, cheese, butter, whole rye bread and cereal, with meat IMPROVED about once a week. These people had no dentists, and they had been taught little about the use of a toothbrush. But it was necessary Fels-Naptha Soap to . examine three children to find t« (Continued on following page) BA/V/SHES TATTLE-TALE GRAY JUNE 1950 505 ! ,

Blueprint for Beauty ATMST- (Continued from preceding page^ A NEW KIND OF COOKBOOK one decayed tooth! In other areas he found that there were only 2.3 None of the recipes in this book cavities for each one hundred chil- requires the use of wines or liquors dren's teeth examined. On the other hand, in villages where modern transportation had brought modern white flour, highly sweetened fruit, jams and jellies, there were 20.2 Over 1500 Time- cavities a hundred. Tested & Quality- Investigators in war-torn Italy Tested Recipes Prepared by Thou- after the last war found that al- sands of House- though food had been scarce and wives Throughout many deficiency diseases (includ- the Country. ing gingivitis which may lead to pyorrhea) were in evidence, there was little tooth decay. And all reports indicated that very little sugar was in the diet. Even before INGLEN00K the war, dental caries had been low in Italy, but their yearly con- COOKBOOK sumption of sugar was only eighteen This book is more than a collection of pounds per person—while we in recipes. It is a guide to all home food the United States were gormandiz- problems. Generations of American housewives from all parts of the coun- ing at the rate of 103 pounds a try have contributed their experience person. And this is not hard to and know-how to this book. Every rec- dish is prepared and explained believe when we stop and realize ipe and with you, the average housewife, in SURPRISING THINGS ARE HAPPENING that three teaspoons of sugar daily mind. There are no fancy, impractical amount to twelve pounds a year! ideas and recipes in this book. It's all honest-to-goodness, wholesome home Then consider TO OLD FAMILIAR FOODS! the cupfuls used cooking. daily in baking, preserving, sweet- Covers everything to do with You who cater to salad-haters, ening, in addition to the "extras" cooking and meal planning Ac'cent is for you. You lovers of eaten between meals, and we can Here are some of the subjects covered food proud gourmets, you try — visualize our mouths as a rich in this remarkable cookbook: basic Ac'cent too cookery? beverages, breads, cakes and grazing-ground for Ac'cent is like nothing you've acid-forming cookies, frostings and fillings, candy,

• cereals, dairy products, des- ever known. Not a flavoring (it bacteria; for it is the action of canning, serts and dessert sauces, international adds no flavor of its own), Ac'cent bacteria on starches and sugars dishes, left-overs, meal planning, intensifies the good natural flavors in the mouth that causes these meats, one-dish meals, pies, salads and already in foods in meats, poultry, dressings, sandwiches, soups, vege- — enamel-eating acids to form. Few _ invalid cookery, a section on gravies, soups, vegetables. people can tables, convert starch into cooking in large quantities (useful for In working this wonder, some acid in the mouth, but acid is pro- the cafeteria), besides pages of help- scientists say, Ac'cent also urges information like first-aid in the duced from sugar almost as soon ful the taste buds to a keener apprecia- kitchen, packing lunches, outdoor as it is eaten. It tion of food flavors. reaches maximum meals, etc. Also included is a meat chart showing the various cuts of meat, You can buy Ac'cent (a 99+% strength in a few minutes. Brush- endpapers of baking time, food com- pure ing the teeth as a measure of monosodium glutamate in pro- puting list, and weights and measures crystal form) in many grocery stores. tection then, must be done im- of common foods. Bound in water- If you can't find it in your vicinity, mediately after eating. resistant cloth. drop us a card. Amino Products It's Practical— It's Home -Tested— So-o-o—the irresistible smile of Division, Dept. 1-6, International It's Reliable AND It's All Yours For a beauty Minerals & Chemical Corporation, means less candy, ice Free Examination At Our Expense cream, 20 N. Wacker Drive, Chicago 6, 111. and soda pop for young and MAIL COUPON BELOW TODAY! old. (The average six-ounce bottle In handy shakers EXAMINE IT FOR 10 TEN DAYS of pop contains four teaspoons of sugar, and most pop bottles are FR£i larger than that.) It means that HARPER & BROTHERS, Dept. 35 if we want our smiles to be a pleas- 49 East 33rd Street, New York 16, N.Y ant memory for others, we cut Gentlemen: Please send me INGLENOOK ^ mates COOKBOOK for 10 DAYS' FREE EXAMI- down on sweets and obey the fol- NATION. Within that time I will remit $2.00 plus a few cents mailing charges, or ifood lowing: return the book postpaid.

1, Brush the teeth after each Name—__—: _ , — meal and before going to bed at Address . singly night. City _Zone. _State- riwn If you enclose payment with coupon. 2. Remove food particles jAVt! publisher will pay mailing charges. Trade Mark "Ac'cent" Reg. U.S. Pat. Off. lodged Same return privilege. between the teeth with dental floss.

506 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA ) )

3. Have malformed teeth ^^*^-^4^*W!^^^^ - straightened during youth by a re- :^fj>£*M^ii^ ^£SM liable dentist. 4. Visit the dentist regularly. What are $%6Se £m!z&- made of ? 5. Eat a good balanced diet. { See the March Blueprint [or OUGAR and spice and always easy for babies to Beauty. digest; because, in its sealed ^ everything nice . . . that's container, Sego Milk is what the nursery rhyme surely free from harmful really says. But what will germs. make your little girl, now There is another big rea- just a tiny baby, grow up son why Sego Milk is a lively and strong and favored form of milk for ? happy babies — it contains pure vitamin Da the sunshine First, and most impor- — vitamin. And it's the com- tant, is the milk you give bination of vitamin and her because milk supplies D the minerals of milk that the minerals she needs to help a baby to grow, to build sound teeth and have a well - developed bones, and to help her make LET'S body, sound teeth, and GO SCANDINAVIAN! the best of growth. bones that are straight and Of course, it must be VS7hether it's sm0r,rebr0d in Den- strong. good milk. Being sure mark, voileipapoyta in Finland, about that isn't any prob- Sego Milk has helped koldt bord in Norway, or smorgas- lem. Doctors recommend many thousands of babies bord in Sweden, it suggests an array Sego Milk for babies be- to be well, sturdy and of appetizing dishes which are cause it is uniformly rich happy. Ask your doctor unique to the great Scandinavian in the food substances of about Sego Milk for your cuisine; for these people have a whole milk; because it is baby way with soups, sauces, open-faced *:* sandwiches, pastries, and other This seal certifies that all statements made here have been accepted as true by the Council on foods which differs distinctly from Foods and Nutrition of the American Medical Assn. the western touch. A limited se- This seal certifies that the Wisconsin Alumni Re- search Foundation makes periodic tests to deter- lection is presented here. Try them mine that Sego Milk diluted with an equal amount of water always gives you 400 units of vitamin J/GQ when you want to be different. D per quart.

Fruit Soup (or Pudding) muni Frugt Suppe {Budding)

Use either raspberries, red currants, tart apples, ripe plums, or other tart fruit for this delicious dessert. Wash the fruit and cover it with hot water

( about 2 inches above the fruit ) . Sim- mer until the fruit is sufficiently cooked to be rubbed through a coarse sieve, juice and all. To the puree, add sugar to taste, and then reheat the mixture to boiling. For each quart of juice add Ya cup cornstarch dissolved in a little cold water. Reduce the heat, and stir until the mixture becomes clear and jelly-like. Serve either warm or cold with cream.

Summer Vegetable Soup

( Kesakeitto

6 small carrots, diced 1 cup green peas

1 small cauliflower, diced »4* 3 small new potatoes, quartered 6 radishes, cut in half

1 cup chopped spinach Send for this 64-page baby book. A reliable guide to infancy to childhood. Boiling water baby care and training, through Approved by a well-known physician. Also . . . latest recipe booklet. Write to: 3/2 tablespoon salt Mary Lee Taylor's 1 tablespoon sugar SEGO MILK PRODUCTS COMPANY Salt Lake City. Utah in the Intermountain West 1 tablespoon butter Originator of Evaporated Milk Plants a» Richmond. Uich; Preston and Buhl. Idaho 1 tablespoon flour (Continued on following page) JUNE 1950 507 ) —

Let's Go Scandinavian (Continued from preceding page] der. Add the spinach and cook five

1 quart milk minutes. Blend the flour and butter

1 egg yolk in a saucepan on medium heat, add the 34 cup cream milk and mix well. Beat the egg yolk 1 cup cooked and cleaned shrimps and cream together and stir into milk

( optional mixture. Then add the vegetables and

• Wash and scrape the carrots, po- their liquid, then the fish. Stir till tatoes, and radishes. Combine all hot and serve at once. This is a very vegetables except the spinach with thick soup and is served in Finland as R5UWY with open-faced sand- boiling water to which the salt and a main course sugar are added. Simmer until ten- wiches. OVERHEAD TYPE GARAGE DOORS § ^Jke l\eautu Of ike for RESIDENTIAL COMMERCIAL § RESURREC INDUSTRIAL § BY RICHARD L. EVANS BUILDINGS "And seeing the multitudes, he went up into a mountain: Expert Installation § and when ... his disciples came unto him: ... he \ in spirit: . . . taught them, saying, Blessed are the poor For Further Information § for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Blessed are they § CALL OR WRITE that mourn: for they shall be comforted. Blessed are § the meek: for they shall inherit the earth. Blessed are they which do hunger and thirst after righteousness: for § ALDER'S are the merciful: for they they shall be filled. Blessed heart: for 1343 So. Main Salt Lake City shall obtain mercy. Blessed are the pure in § 7-1531 they shall see God. Blessed are the peacemakers: for they shall be called the children of God." The truth § and beauty of the Beatitudes and of all the other ethical and doctrinal teachings of Jesus the Christ would be more than reason enough for his mission among men. But his § mission meant much more than moral teaching, and his ALL-O-WHEAT was much more than a great mortal mind. By his own utterance, and by all other evidence, he was the Son of CEREAL § § God, the Savior of mankind—in a manner which admitted- The Best and Most Healthful ly we mortals do not altogether understand—but then Cereal for Your Family to Eat! there are so many things that are real and undeniable which are beyond the present limits of the minds of men. ALL-O-WHEAT But this was his mission in mortality: to give unto men a contains these valu- pattern of principles that would lead to peace and progress able food elements and highest happiness here and hereafter—and to die in their natural state: death. To say that we Calcium, Iron, Phos- s that men might be redeemed from phorus, Thiamine, Ri- % fully understand the necessity for this sacrifice would not boflavin, Niacin, Vita- be wholly true. But somehow, in the plan and purpose min A, and Panto- s thenic Acid. of our Father, it was and is essential to man's eternal IT'S STEEL CUT s march. And somehow, the way to life without limit, the § STEEL CUT-NOT GROUND path to eternal progress was opened up for all men by him to retain all the natural goodness and who did for us what we could not do for ourselves. And nutrition of high-quality wheat. Cut § settled as- to a fineness for quick cooking—an aid so we accept the reality of resurrection with in avoiding loss of important food surance; and we accept as part of our Father's plan and values. purpose the renewal of association with those we love ALL-O-WHEAT IS for "men are, that they might have joy." And to love, take this comfort to • to you who have lost those you DELICIOUS the Taste § • NUTRITIOUS to the Body your hearts this Easter day. If there be those who doubt, • EASY TO PREPARE let them doubt no more. If there be those who mourn, let • VERY ECONOMICAL to use h them be comforted. If there be those who love life, let § to live it always. Ask your grocer or local health store them prepare — today for % ^Jke S^pokenjpoteen Wordl/l/ora FROM TEMPLE SQUARE ALL-O-WHEAT § PRESENTED OVER KSL AND THE COLUMBIA BROAD- Or Write to ALL-O-WHEAT CO. § CASTING SYSTEM, APRIL 9. 1950 Ogden, Utah Copyright 1950

508 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA ) ! .

Open-faced Sandwiches These famous sandwiches may be ERES NO made from any choice tidbits or left- overs around the house. Their variety HALFWAY is endless. a. Sliced hard-boiled egg and to- mato slices QUALITY b. Cream cheese and minced or thinly-sliced radishes IN TUNA c. Cream cheese and minced celery d. Cold, sliced, cooked potato, garnished with minced chives or parsley

e. Cottage cheese mixed with salad dressing and minced chives or -Leading pediatricians agree be quick to tell you that tuna is onion that quality tuna is ideal for either delicate and delicious f. Asparagus spears, rolled in bread youngsters from 1 year on ! But or it isn't! To be sure, always slices moistened with salad dressing you get a fine example of "high get this famous quality brand, chair hysterics " if you compro- for only the tender light meat Red Cabbage Salad mise on quality. "His INibs" will is packed in "Bite Size tuna! [Rodkall salat)

1 small red cabbage 1 large apple

1 celery heart

1 cup thick cream (or cold undiluted LOOK FOR THIS FAMOUS condensed milk) THE CAN TUNA ALSO 1 lemon, juice only WITH THE AVAILABLE IN teaspoon salt }/2 GREEN SOLID PACK 1 tablespoon sugar LABEL

Wash and grate the cabbage. Cut Calif. apple in small pieces and chop the Trademark of Van Camp Sea Food Co . Inc., Terminal Island, celery fine. To the whipped cream add lemon juice, salt, and sugar. The dressing goes on the salad.

Salmon and Vegetable Salad

( Laxmajonas )

\ /2x cups cold cooked salmon 2 ripe tomatoes 1 medium cucumber

1 cup cooked peas 2 teaspoons lemon juice 1 teaspoon sugar

1 teaspoon salt l ^ cup mayonnaise

To the cold, flaked salmon add chopped tomatoes, cucumber, and the cooked peas. Mix in the lemon juice, sugar, and salt. Then add mayonnaise. Serve on lettuce or watercress.

Baked Carrot Custard

( Porkkanalaatikko

4 medium-sized carrots

1 cup bread crumbs

1 cup milk 3 tablespoons melted butter 3 eggs, separated

1 teaspoon salt

Wash and grate the carrots and cook them in as little water as possible. Mix bread crumbs and milk, add the butter, beaten egg yolks, and HOTEL UTAH (Concluded on following page) Max Carpenter, Manager JUNE 1950 509 LET'S GO SCANDINAVIAN

{Concluded from preceding page) top, to make three thicknesses dough 6 candied cherries, chopped salt. Combine with the carrots. Fold with butter between. Press edges to- in stiffly beaten egg whites. Pour the gether and roll out fairly thin. Repeat Scald milk. Stir one teaspoon sugar mixture into buttered baking dish, set twice to incorporate remaining butter. into lukewarm water and add yeast. it in a shallow pan of water, and bake Cover, set aside at room temperature Let stand ten minutes. Add remain- in moderate oven (350° F.) for about for Yi hour, roll out and shape as de- ing sugar and the salt to hot milk and 30 minutes, or until risen, set, and sired. Let rise until light but not quite cool to lukewarm. slightly browned. doubled in bulk. Bake in hot oven Add milk mixture to softened yeast (400° F.) 15 to 25 minutes, depending and mix well. Add half of flour to on size of rolls or tarts. mixture to make soft batter. Beat Danish Pastry well. Add melted butter and mix Filling for Danish Pastry (Dansk Bagvaerk) thoroughly. Add remaining flour and Cream together 34 cup shortening, fruits and nuts. Mix well. cup sugar 34 34 cup sugar, 1 egg, 34 lb. almond Turn dough out onto lightly floured 2 cakes yeast paste, % teaspoon almond flavor. Or board. Cover with bowl and let rest 1 pint lukewarm milk fill tarts with any kind of jam. ten minutes. Knead lightly but thor- 8 cups sifted flour oughly for ten minutes. Place in 1 teaspoon salt Danish "Sunday Bread" clean, buttered bowl. Cover and let 2 cups butter (Dansk Sondagskage) rise in warm place until double in 3 eggs, well beaten bulk—about one hour. Shape into 1 cup milk two round loaves and place each on Dissolve sugar and yeast in luke- 34 cup sugar greased baking sheet. Let rise until warm milk. Sift flour and salt to- 34 cup lukewarm water doubled—about one hour. Bake in gether, rub in 6 tablespoons butter 1 pkg. dry or compressed yeast moderate oven—350° for 40 minutes. and add eggs and yeast mixture. % teaspoon salt Remove from pan and cool on rack, Knead 5 minutes and roll in rectangle 3% cups sifted flour (whole grain pre- uncovered and away from drafts. twice as long as wide. remain- Cut ferred ) Combine \/^ cup light corn syrup and ing butter into pea-sized pieces and M cup butter, melted and cooled 34 cup water in small saucepan. Boil spread about one-third of it over two- 3/2 cup seeded raisins one minute. Cool slightly. Brush thirds of dough. unbuttered third Fold Y2 cup chopped dates cooled loaves. Allow to dry. Makes of dough over half of butter-covered 2 tablespoons shaved candied citron two loaves seven to eight inches in

portion; then fold remaining third on 3/£ cup sliced pecans diameter.

PAINTINGS, PICTURES, AND WALL DECORATIONS

(Continued from page 504) question need worry the home- and the color of the painting should maker, as the really important con- be in harmony. Because the colors contain a concealed lighting sys- siderations are: Is the painting liked in the painting are usually more tem. Finally, there are even those by my family? Does the picture vital than the colors in the room, who would do away with walls fit into the decorative scheme of paintings tend to be the center of altogether and have the entire my home? interest. house (except bath and sleeping Art is a personal expression. quarters) open into a wide vista Both the artist Wall separated by small half-partitions. and the purchaser Arrangement look at a painting from a However, paintings will prob- personal and emotional viewpoint. Pictures or paintings should ably never be entirely displaced A home- con- maker will judge the picture in the form in size and shape to the wall as objects of beauty in home light of her own knowledge spaces on which they are hung furnishings, and their cost should and and experience in art. It is natural should look well with the furniture be included in the interior decora- that tastes and attitudes change with which they are grouped. tion budget. Those who can afford A with an increase of knowledge; usual custom is to arrange a pic- expensive furnishings will find that therefore, it is natural that the ture and a piece of furniture to- the home is enriched by hanging homemaker may later "outgrow" gether so that the fine original paintings rather than space between a picture and may need to replace the two is less than the height of the less expensive prints. Since all it with another. the smaller homemakers are not fortunate piece: a picture over a sofa must be hung low enough to own original paintings enough to Color feeling but may be contemplating pur- Harmony give a of unity to the two chases, the following suggestions pieces. Where there is no con- A lovely painting, perhaps one flict, the center of the is are given to aid prospective buyers picture which has been cherished for many usually in their choice. placed slightly above eye- years, may serve as the color level. Pictures look best against

Skill of the Artist harmony "theme" when re-decorat- plain walls.' ' \ ing. Whether the picture be chosen Pictures of the same size, when Is this a picture? will good What before or after the basic color theme hung in a series, should be so ar- others think of my choice? Neither has been set, the color of the room (Concluded on page 512) 510 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA —

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JUNE 1950 511 —

PAINTINGS, PICTURES, AND WALL DECORATIONS Concluded from page 510) Your Dream ( Permanence of a Painting ranged that the distance between Kitchen... each is less than the width of any The paints and other materials one picture. A group of pictures which are used by professional art- on a wall should conform to the ists today are fairly permanent. The wall space and should be arranged use of permanent colors in water so that the wall space below the color painting has increased the group is widest, the wall space on popularity of this medium. A pic- the sides of the group is next in ture should not be chosen from the width, and the top wall space is the of long will it least in width. This "law of mar- standpoint "How gins" should be remembered also last?" but rather "How much pleas- when matting pictures for framing. ure will it give?"

~~JfndieuDie DENTITY~~

~~BY RICHARD L. EVANS~~

N fiction and in fairy tale a favorite plot is for the prince i NOW so easy to move among his people in disguise. Such plots have a host of variations in a long line of literature, and to build! it makes exciting reading when the pauper proves to be Make over that old "tired" the prince or when the grand lady changes places with kitchen— or build a new one her maid. In literature such situations may be easily pos- right now! No matter how big sible, but in life we cannot much rely on not being known. or small your kitchen space- Fugitives have often found this out. Sometimes they go no matter what its shape— Curtis to the ends of the earth; but almost surely, sooner or later, sectional cabinet units fit to- someone discovers their identity. Gambling on not being gether to create truly modern known isn't a very good gamble. Often people are sur- convenience! prised at meeting friends in far places. But seasoned These Curtis units are sturdily travelers learn never to be surprised at meeting almost built of wood for lifelong serv- anyone almost anywhere. We may think we shall lose ice—and they are prime-coated I ourselves in the big city, but, trite as it may seem to say in white—but may be painted so, it is a small world. We can never be sure that our § any color you like. Quickly in- actions aren't observed by someone we know or by some- stalled in old or new homes! one whom we shall later come to know. And those who indulge in "away-from-home" actions and attitudes often learn this and often have cause to be very much embar- rassed. If we make fools of ourselves a thousand miles § away, the news will likely get back sooner than we will. But this isn't the only reason for behaving ourselves. We ought to have enough common sense and character to

do it anyway. Our own principles and self-respect and inner approval should give us reason enough, no matter § where we are. Personal principles shouldn't shift with § geography. But even if there were no question of princi-

ple, even if there were no question of conscience, it would still be well to remember that we just can't be sure that we won't be seen by someone whom we shall sometime Portland § see again. It isn't ever safe to suppose that the news won't § get back. Our record and reputation travel with us. More *)l Punch ^ than that, they often precede us and show up almost anywhere. In fiction, the prince may be protected in his dis- 'MAKES' guise, but in life we cannot rely on not being known. Our 6 PINTS identity is indelible.

~~JUST ADD . *b&: .WATER. Uke Spoken lA/ord from temple square PRESENTED OVER KSL AND THE COLUMBIA BROAD-~~

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~~512 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA .~~

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~~JUNE 1950 513 Using Examples~~

{Continued from page 484) Combination for circulated, but that opinion could A hardly be considered of great value, for he has had little experience that would enable him to pass judg- ment on the United Nations. On the other hand, if he were to make a comment on modern music, we should give such a comment serious consideration. Life Third, report your quotation ac- curately, not only the words but also the idea in relation to the text

in which it is found. Many religious misunderstandings have arisen because people repeated a passage from the Bible out of context and thus missed its full and true meaning. Observe this caution particu- larly when you use statistics, which can easily be very misleading.

~~7. Prepare carefully for the use of your visual aids~~

GASOLINE Many visual aids are failures because the speaker has not made adequate preparation for them. New Improved First, find out what facilities are available; for instance, plan to use a blackboard only if you know one is in the room where you will speak.

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~~JUNE 1950 515 —~~

USING EXAMPLES lehi in the Desert (Concluded from page 514) If a man can excel other men, the world (Continued from page 487) will find and honor him. words the more vivid will be the toric times. The point to notice, picture. Instead of talking about If a man can write a better book, preach however, is that Lehi made his dis- 248 children, talk about John and Mary a better sermon, or make a better mouse- covery in the spring of the year, trap than his neighbor, though he builds and Jim. Use "nouns that bleed" when that part of the world is full his house in the woods, the world will 3 of rushing torrents, Moreover, the and "verbs that sting and rattle." make a beaten path to his door. If you can choose between two very fact that Nephi uses the term Emerson, Lecture in 1871 words, choose the one that is "a river of water," to say nothing of simpler but conveys the more clear- Lehi's ecstasies at the sight of it, cut image. Compare, for instance, Facts, figures, stories, compari- shows that they are used to thinking the mental pictures the following son, pictures, and colorful words in terms of dry rivers—the "rivers 248 sentences create: are tools of a successful speaker. of sand" of the East. One only speaks of "rivers of water" in a mid., 88. Learn to use them effectively. country where rivers do not run all the time. But in the spring it is by no means unusual to find rivers in the regions through which Lehi was moving, as a few examples will show. MORE STEEL "We . . . descended . . . into Wady Waleh. Here was a beautiful seil, quite a little river, dashing over the rocky bed and filled with

~~. . is pretty FOR THE fish. . The stream a very~~

~~one . . . bordered by thickets of flowering oleanders. Here and there~~

it narrows into a deep rushing tor- " WEST 250 rent. . . . Describing the great wall that runs, like our Hurricane fault in Utah, all along the Dead Sea, the Arabah, and the Red Sea, THROUGH an earlier traveler says: "Farther south the country is absolutely im- NEW PRODUCTION FACILITIES passable, as huge gorges one thousand to fifteen hundred feet deep AT (compare Lehi's "awful chasm") GENEVA AND COLUMBIA and nearly a mile wide in some places, are broken by the great tor- STEEL COMPANIES rents flowing in winter over perpen- dicular precipices into the sea." 2" 1 The sea is the Dead Sea, but the H As part of an 18-million dollar conversion program same conditions continue all down pledged by United States Steel at the time of the the great wall to "the borders which purchase of the war-born Geneva Plant from the Gov- are near the Red Sea." One ernment in June, 1946, the Geneva Steel Company recently installed and put into operation equipment is reminded ol how impressed for production of hot rolled coils. Lehi was when he saw the river of into These coils, known familiarly to the trade as Laman "flowing the foun- "breakdowns," are an intermediate product intended tain of the Red Sea." On the for further processing. As such, the Geneva-rolled desert road to Petra in the spring- coils are now being shipped to Columbia Steel's new time "there are several broad cold reduction mill at Pittsburg, California, where streams to pass, the fording oi they're converted to sheet and tin plate. Between which creates a pleasant excite- them, these two mills can supply Western steel buyers 2 ment.""' A party traveling farther with an estimated 325,000 tons of flat-rolled products north reports, "we presently came each year. upon the deep Wady 'Allan, which An all Western venture from start to finish, the here cuts the plain in two. How combination of the new facilities of these two U.S. delightful was the plash and gurgle Steel subsidiaries marks a new forward step in the the living its industrial growth of the West. of water rushing over rocky bed in the fierce heat of that 2"3 UNITED STATES STEEL CORPORATION Syrian day!" Given the right season of the SUBSIDIARIES year, then—and the Book of Mor-

- :.: : ,.-; mon is obliging enough to give it p.'- ", one need not be surprised at rivers THE IMPROVEMENT ERA in northwestern Arabia. It was der sons and recited his remarkable sively studied than that of primitive this seasonal phenomenon that led verses. Nephi seems to have been Semitic poetry, and nowhere could Ptolemy to place a river between standing by, for he takes most care- one find a more perfect illustration 23 Yambu and Meccah. * ful note of the circumstance: of the points that are now agreed When Ishmael died on the jour- upon as to the nature and form of ney, he "was buried in the place And when my father saw that the waters the original article than in this brief of the river emptied into the fountain of which was called Nahom." (I Nephi account of Nephi's. the Red Sea, he spake unto Laman, say- 16:34.) Note that this is not "a First there is the occasion: It was ing: O that thou mightest be like unto this place which we called Nahom, but river, continually running into the fountain the sight of the river flowing into the place which was so called, a of all righteousness! the gulf which inspired Lehi to ad- desert burial ground. 256 The Arabic And he also spake unto Lemuel: O that dress his sons. In a famous study, root NHM has the basic meaning thou mightest be like unto this valley, Goldziher pointed out that the earli- firm and steadfast, and immovable in keep- of "to sigh or moan," and occurs est desert poems ever mentioned are ing the commandments of the Lord! (I nearly always in the third form, "to Nephi 2:9-10.) "those Quellenlieder (songs to sight or moan with another." The springs of water) which, according Hebrew Nahum, "comfort," is re- No subject has been more inten- to the record of St. Nilus, the an- lated but that is not the form given in the Book of Mormon. At this place, we are told, "the daughters of Ishmael did mourn exceedingly," and are reminded that among the FLY UNITED desert Arabs mourning rites for the dead are a strict monopoly of the women, related Hebrew rites being to ifce IDS CENTENNIAL 256 less exclusively female. Ishmael here seems more of an Arab than ever, while Nephi continues to display unerring accuracy on every point. UmoJjuI

~~Lehi's Qasid (August 9-20)~~

There is no more surprising or impressive evidence for the genuine- ness of the Book of Mormon than the eloquent little verses (they are 25 a sort of qasid)' " which Lehi on one occasion addressed to his way- ward sons.

It was just after the first camp had been pitched, with due care for the proper rites of thanksgiving at the "altar of stones." Lehi, being then free to survey the scene more at his leisure (among the desert

people it is the women who make You're only a few hours away! and break camp, though the sheikh, as we have seen, must officiate in Flying United is the fast, easy way to attend the LDS Centen- nial in Hawaii. Fast, luxurious Mainliners take you from any of the sacrifice ) , proceeded, as was his right, to name the river after his United's 81 cities coast to coast and border to border direct to San first-born and the valley after his Francisco where you board United's great, new twin -deck Main- second son. (I Nephi 2:6-8, 14.) liner Stratocruiser. They examined the terrain more United's Mainliner Stratocruiser is the world's finest Stratocruis- closely, as Arabs always do after er—the only one with a six-compartment cabin including a beautiful pitching camp in a place where they lower deck Hawaiian Lounge . . . specially designed foam-rubber expect to spend some time, and dis- seats and footrests . . . and a centrally-located galley for better meal covered that the river "emptied into service. (Berths and a private stateroom available at extra charge.) the fountain of the Red Sea," at a point "near the mouth thereof" Fares are surprisingly low. Ask about United's many special Air (Ibid., 2:8-9), which suggests the Tours to Hawaii. Gulf of 'Aqaba at a point not far above the Straits of Tiran. When UNITED AIR LINES Lehi beheld the view, perhaps from For reservations call or write your nearest United ticket office, the sides of Mt. Musafa or Mt. or see travel 258 your agent. Mendisha, he turned to his two el-

~~JUNE 1950 517 . )~~

~~LEHI IN THE DESERT~~

(Continued from preceding page) now that, circumventing mountains, stum- clear to the sight and sweet to the taste, bling over rough, broken ground through all so that it was a question whether the eye cient Arabs used to intone after but impenetrable passes, they beheld in the or the mouth was the more delighted. More- having refreshed and washed them- far distance a spot of green in the desert; over, there was adequate forage for the selves in some fountain of running and striving to reach the vegetation by animals; so they unloaded the camels and water discovered in the course of a which the oasis might provide a camp or let them out to graze freely. For them-

5 even sustain a settlement for some of selves, they could not let the water alone, long journeying." Nilus' own ac- them (we are reading nomadikon for the drinking, splashing, and bathing as if they count is a vivid picture of what senseless monadikon), as they conjectured, couldn't revel in it enough. So they Lehi's party went through: they turned their eyes towards it as a chanted songs in its praise (the river's), 2eo storm-tossed pilot views the port. Upon and composed hymns to the spring . . .

The next day . . . after making their reaching it, they found that the spot did ( To be continued way as is usual in the desert by devious not disappoint their expectations, and that routes, wandering over the difficult ter- their wishful fantasies had not led them BIBLIOGRAPHY rain, forced to turn aside now this way, to false hopes. For the water was abundant, ^In PEFQ 1908. p. 257. -You" here Is used in a general sense, referring to the individual or party that finds the water and so has the right of naming it. 229 T. Canaan, in Jnl.Palest.Or.Soc. II (1922). 139, cf. Hogarth, Penetration of Arabia, p. 162 2S0 T. Canaan, "Studies in the Topography and Folklore of Petra," in Ibid.. IX (1929) 138-218 has become the standard work on desert nomenclature; passages cited here are from p. 140. 231 • Ioc. cit.. Burton. Pilgrimage to AUMadinah, it's new... etc. I, 250 n.3: "a folio volume would not contain a three-months' collection" of such names, so Jifluui numerous are they. 2S2 • its an ideal gift! 77.e Wilderness of Zin. p. 70 ^E. H. Palmer. The Desert of the Exodus (Cam- bridge, 1871) I, 20 ^Drinkers of the Wind. p. 51 © Now—you can record ^Philby, The Empty Quarter, p. 39 238 R. E. Cheesman, In Unknown Arabia, p. 261 price/ess experiences 237 Woo!Iey and Lawrence, Wilderness of Zin, p. 86f, concluding that "to expect continuity of name, in this new . . as in settled districts in Syria, is vanity." Speak- ing of the south deserts, Capt. Conder (in PEFQ 1875. p. 126) observes that while "The settled population have preserved the ancient names under Forms more or less modified, the wandering Bedouin have replaced them by descriptive titles of their MISSIONARY own." 2S8 B. Thomas, Arabia Felix, p. 50 288 W. F. Albright, Archaeology & the Relig. of Israel, p. 148f ^"J. Offord, "The Red Sea." PEFQ 1920, p. 179 JOURNAL 241 Cited by W. Phythian-Adams in J. PEFQ 1930, p. 204 242 W. Spiegelberg, Koptisches Handworterbuch, pp. —the only diary or jour- 204, 258 2ts Survet) of Eastern Palestine I, 239, 241; Survey nal especially designed of Western Palestine Name Lists, pp. 116, 134. 207. 259, 350, 367, 433 for L.D.S. 2 Missionaries. «C. R. Conder in PEFQ 1876. p. 134 and Surv. of Wstn. Palest. Name Lists, pp. 28, 93 2is Sttrvey of Western Palestine II, p. 169 2<8Thomas, Arabia Felix, p. 136f; Philby. Empty Note these unique features, which make this a truly out- Quarter, p. 231 ^Penetration of Arabia, p. 3 standing gift for any missionary: 24sNephi's story begins "in the commencement of * the first year of the reign of Zedekiah," (I Ne. Heaviest, most durable grained Du-Pont Fabrikoid cover, 1:4) and moves very rapidly. Since, "in the Bible with design stamped in i4-karat gold. throughout the 'first month' always refers to the first Spring month," (Yahuda, Accuracy of the Bible, Bound with genuine binders board and special glue that if p. 201), Nephi's "commencement of the year" would withstands any climate. fall in the springtime, regardless of when Zedekiah began to reign, since the Jews like the Egyptians jc 500 journal sheets of special rag-content bond paper— easy dated a king's rule from the beginning of the real to write on. year, the ritual time of coronation.

if Colorful ribbon marker. 240The term is also used by Egyptian and Greek writers, e.g. Alexander the Great crosses a "river Beautifully lithographed end sheets show location of all ir of sand" in the desert. The Arabs call a dry L.D.S. missions, and panel for gift inscription. lake "sea of salt," or Bahr bila ma. i.e. "lake without water," (Burton, Pilg. to Al-Madinah, etc. ir Special green-tint sheets provide for record of important p. 72, n. I). To us it seems pedantic to distinguish dates and events, assignments, personal record of member- between lakes of water and lakes of something else, ship, and priesthood ordinations, ordinances performed in but the discrimination is important in a land where most lakes and rivers are dry ones. mission field, genealogy chart, important names, addresses ^E. H. Palmer, in Surv. of Wstn. Palest. Spe- and dates, and a handy index that the missionary can use cial Papers, p. 67f to find highlights of his mission any place in the journal. sb'C R. Conder in PEFQ 1875, p. 130f 2B8 G. Hill, "Journey to Petra," PEFQ 1897. p. Postage prepaid anywhere in U.S.A. Send suffi- 144 Price $4.00 cient postage for foreign mailings. No C.O.D. or S!iS W. Exing. "Journey in the Hauran," PEFQ charge orders. 1895, p. 175 2C4Burton. Pilgrimage to Al-Madinah. etc. II, p. 154 Send orders to: ^Though Bedouins sometimes bury the dead Hiller Bookbinding Company Deseret Book Company where they die, many carry the remains great dis- 255 South 1st West or 44 East South Temple tances to rAiry them, A Jaussen in Revue Biblique Salt Lake City, Utah Salt Lake City, Utah X (1901), 607 P ^Jaussen. loc. cit.; T. Canaan in Jul. Palest. Or. Please send copies of the MISSIONARY JOURNAL i $4.00 each to: | Soc. XI (1931), 189: "In funeral processions women

may not mix with men. . . . When the burial is over Name the women assemble alone. ... In visiting the ." tomb . . . they always go alone. . . Cf. Balden- Address j sperger in PEFQ 1901. p. 83; and Burkhardt, Notes I, 101: "At the moment of a man's death,

~~1 am enclosing $.. E-5 I his wives, daughters, and female relations unite~~

~~in cries of lamentation . . ." Among the Jews 518 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA ) )~~

which in one way or another are re- approach will delight young people lehi in the Desert tarding our national development. and will be approved by older folk the men play a more prominent part in mourning since the author deals very carefully —/. A. W. rites, and even professional male mourners were the original text, not unknown, Nowack, Heir, Archaeol.. p. 196. with the Book of "^The word qasid is used to denote various Mormon itself. The author tells the types of Arabic verse including the now unknown THE JOURNEY TO THE leaving of Jerusalem, the return for primitive poetry of the desert. It is in this sense PROMISED LAND that we employ it here. The root qsd means to the plates, the wandering in the wil- "intend," hence it applies to a poem with an (Deta P. Neeley. Deseret News derness, the voyage, and finally the objective money, love, or moral instruction. — Au- Press, Salt Lake City, Utah. 122 thorities disagree as to the original motif. Harder's landing in the Western Hemisphere. dictionary applies the word to any kind of poem. pages. —M. C. /. 2B8The river would flow between these two mountains, as is indicated in the National Geographic HP his book, which the author calls Map of the area. The valley seems to be com- THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF "the first book in the series called modious enough. We suggest an investigation: WILL ROGERS from the most ancient times it has been the custom 'A Child's Story of the Book of Mor- (Edited by Donald Day. Houghton for travelers in the to their names desert inscribe mon,' " has carefully on rocks at places where they have camped (Th. been prepared by Mifflin Company, Boston. 1949. 410 Noldeke, Die Semitischen Sprachen. p. 37). It is Dr. Neeley for all children to under- pages. people left their marks at almost certain that Lehi's stand. Children with the more important stopping places. "fourth-grade \T7ill Rogers has become an institu- aB8 vv I. Goldziher, Abhandlungen zut arabischen reading ability will be able to read the tion in the United States, an Philologie (Leiden. 1896) I. 58 book for themselves." The fictional (Concluded on following page) ^St. Nilus, in Migne Patrol. Graec. 79, 648

~~11 On The Bookrack MY IRONRITE MAKES HOUSE- (Continued from page 466)~~

In the latest edition, this set of books CLEANING MUCH has been brought up-to-date and ex- tensively supplemented to keep abreast EASIER" of the ever-extending frontier of newer Says Mrs. Dean F. Wood, knowledge and recent happenings in 2007 McClelland Street, the world. It covers the fields of Salt Lake City, Utah. Science, History, Hygiene, Geography, When I purchased my Ironrite automatic

~~Civics, Economics, Nature Study, ironer, I expected to iron our weekly~~

Physiology, Biography, Industry, wash, but I didn't realize what a won- Handicrafts, Transportation and Com- derful help it could be during house cleaning time. I have ironed my curtains munication, Mining and Mechanics, with ruffles, drapes, and ruffled bed- Writing and Riddles, Arithmetic and spread in much less time and really rested

Recreation, Art and Entertainment. from the other more arduous tasks. I have three small children and my husband to And all these formidable facts, made iron for, but I iron everything I can wash. inter- easy and understandable, are Ironite's "Do-All" ironing points, iron tucks spersed with the ageless and indis- and gathers on my little girl's dresses pensable poems and stories from the with marvelous ease. world's finest literature for children. Furthermore, planned courses of study are provided for those who want to use them. Model 80. (left) In picture and in print The Book o/ Open-model Iron- Knowledge is an ever delightful, color- rite. Model 85. above) ful, informative, and entertaining store- (shown closed-top Iron- house of almost anything a youngster rite. would want to inquire about, from the minute things of the earth to the re- "With its two completely mote things of the universe. And all usable open ends, my Ironrite it contains is palatably presented to will iron everything I can simplify the teaching problems of par- wash, quickly and beautifully." ents and the learning problems of children.—/?. L. E. Iron rile Low Down Payment—easy credit terms. Ask about a FREE Home A HANDBOOK OF HUMAN Demonstration. RELATIONS (Everett R. Clinchy. Farrar Strauss SEE ONE OF THESE IRONRITE DEALERS FOR A FREE DEMONSTRATION and Company, New York. 146 pages. UTAH Blake Electric Company Richfield 1949. $2.00.) Clark Company Salt Lake City Read Brothers' Company Ogden "T^r. Clinchy has battled these many Culligan Soft Water Service Salt Lake City Utah Appliance Company Provo years for a sensible peace among Peterson Electric Appliance Company Salt Lake City men of different faiths, occupations, IDAHO C. C. Anderson Company Idaho Falls and origins. In this volume he has Sam H. Jones' Furniture & Appliances Blackfoot arranged his argument and plea in such ARIZONA AND NEVADA Newell Appliance Mesa, Arizona a manner that contending groups could Clark County Electric Company Las Vegas, Nevada Dorris-Heyman Phoenix, Arizona profitably use it as a textbook. He does not ask for the surrender of beliefs, Distributed by GORDON E. WILKINS—IRONERS, INC. SALT LAKE CITY PHOENIX LOS ANGELES OAKLAND but for the laying aside of prejudices

~~JUNE 1950 519 !~~

How |MORNING MILK| ON THE BOORRACR d Helps Cut Your Food Bill {Concluded from preceding page) MEMOIRS OF CHILDHOOD institution for the clever saying that AND YOUTH — yet gives you more delicious dishes! points up the message he wished to (Albert Schweitzer. The Macmillan put over. His life can be an example Co., New York. 78 pages. $175.) When a recipe calls for milk — use of encouragement to all, no matter HThis poignant story of the famous in what situation they find themselves. Doctor Schweitzer's early child- His desire to achieve and his diligence hood makes interesting as well as con- in work can be emulated by everyone. structive reading. For parents it is His life of devotion his indicative of what to do as well as Vi Morning Milk Vi Water to family is also commendable. what not to do in rearing children. you save up His love for and H 25% The book gives loyalty to his family never deviated. an insight also into educational practices to follow or His derision of the false and misleading avoid. It is a book that can be whole- en a recipe calls is ever vocative. This is a good book wholeheartedly recommended for read- for cream—use to read to reinforce our own courage ing. The book comes with great im- Morning Milk in speaking out acrainst the evils of port, following the knowledge of the undiluted our day—and to learn of the life of work that Dr. Schweitzer has done one of the genuine humorists. among the natives of South Africa P&u save op to 75% —M. C. /. —M. C. /.

SUGAR GOES TO WORK FOR SCIENCE {Concluded from page 492) it—-yet the experts have found a way to make it produce some of the of an acre to produce a million richest proteins known. calories! These figures, says Dr. Certain yeasts, when fed Hockett, "show clearly that even on sugars and molasses, multiply at So Rich — So Smooth — So Good! with our present ratio of land to fantastic speed. One strain, de- population, it would be quite im- veloped by an English scientist, MORNING possible to feed our people on eggs, multiplies chickens, and beef alone." sixty-four times in nine MILK hours. Experiments in Jamaica Chemists have pulled an even showed that this yeast would pro- bigger rabbit out of their hatful of duce a unique food compound con- magic in revealing that sugar can taining as much as fifty percent pro- help to fill the most crying demand tein, plus valuable minerals such as of all—the need for proteins. Sugar iron, magnesium, potassium, and doesn't have a trace of protein in calcium. tastier fafUf is "tops" INSPIRATION la** is {Continued from page 481) That afternoon found her at the returned to her tiny room in the Canby Galleries. For the most part inexpensive hotel that she felt de- she was disappointed. Many of the pressed, insignificant, and futile. paintings seemed garish, their pro- How useless her life had been, how portion all wrong, their perspective unbelievably drab and stripped of askew. Perhaps she was old- accomplishment! fashioned and ignorant, but few of Her happiest hours were spent them appealed to her. in the Metropolitan Museum. Here An unusual crowd seemed gath- she stood in awe before the works ered near the end of the gallery. of the masters, studying raptly the She made her way toward them. form, line, and color which, so "The first prize," someone mur- skilfully blended, gave mute evi- mured. dence of genius. Expertly she. threaded her way The attendants came to know this NALLEYS^ through the knot of people till her plain, little woman in the nonde- nearsighted eyes caught a glimpse script clothes, so full of intelligent Taste how cold cuts take on new- of the picture. She caught her flavor delight with Tang! For Tang, questions and so genuinely inter- breath sharply. alone among dressings, provides ested in the answers they were able It was a simple, homely scene, the special "flavor factor" that gives to give. almost harsh in its stern simplicity, extra zest. Yet Tang is thrifty, too "Have you seen the current ex- but of ageless beauty: a weather- hibition at the Canby Galleries?" beaten little house at the rear of one asked her on the next to the which sloped a wooded hill, and lew? last day of her visit. "It contains beyond the trees a golden sunset some of the best work of our mod- The perfect salad dressing spread like a benediction. ern artists." {Continued on page 522) 520 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA OUNG PEOPLE need plenty of energy for hard play these long summer days . . . and there's no better source of healthful energy than food prepared with pure U and I Sugar.

~~Be sure to get energy packed U and I . . . it's perfect fo; canning, cooking or table use.~~

JUNE 1950 521 Inspiration Tommy Discovers the Story Behind {Continued from page 520) Miss Amy adjusted her glasses. "What Is Black and White It couldn't be . . . and yet it was! and Read All Over" Her house, the hill in back ... as she had seen it a thousand times.

~~"I don't get it," a young girl mumbled. "It's called 'Inspiration.'~~

I should think it would be 'Even- " ing' or 'Sunset.' Feverishly Miss Amy consulted— her catalog. There it was "In- spiration. Artist: C. H. Lloyd." Funny, she'd had a Charles Lloyd in the fifth grade almost twenty years ago. She could see him now, a slight, dark-haired boy of ten with a sensitive, eager face. What had become of him? She hadn't heard of him in years. "There's the artist now," someone murmured. She approached him shyly,

~~waited till he finished speaking with an acquaintance, and held out her hand.~~

~~"Charles! I don't suppose you re-~~

member me, but I want to con- Tommy—and Billy, Judy, Mary and Bob— thousands of gratulate you." boys and girls each year give us the privilege of showing them His amazement was even greater how The Salt Lake Tribune and Salt Lake Telegram are produced. than hers had been. "Miss Amy! In cooperation with school authorities, 3425 children from 95 How glad I am to see you! Do you schools within a radius of 250 miles of Salt Lake City were like my picture?" His eyes twinkled. conducted on plant tours in 1949 "I love it. Why shouldn't I? My We welcome these visits, enjoy being a friendly neighbor own house—so beautifully done, to children and adults alike, and feel that this another may be too. But why did you call it 'In- reason why The Salt Lake Tribune and Salt Lake Telegram take spiration'?" their places among America's great newspapers. "You can't guess?" His eyes searched hers almost tenderly. She shook her head. "It's a symbol." "How, Charles?" nil g&kz ^tiz^xuxa "That simple, sturdy, little house is symbolic to me of you and the homely virtues you taught me—of honesty, character, and unselfish- ness. The sunset is the beauty you helped me to see everywhere about me. Without that ability to see, IPSE for OVER FIFTY MS no artist can paint. Altogether the Aids in treatment of Canker, simple scene means 'inspiration' to me, the throat other minor sore and mouth inspiration instilled in an impres- and throat irritations. sionable boy by a teacher of great understanding." HALLS REMEDY Miss Amy's eyes were misty. Salt City, Utah Lake "Well, I never!" she exclaimed softly. JSiZTion- DOORS, WINDOWS Me, an inspiration? she thought. FOR MORE INFORMATION STAINED GLASS I've just done my duty as I've seen CALL or WRITE i-riM-i . I've /$3Bm\ windows it . . and yet, in a small way, INSULATIONS, Inc. contributed to greatness. 1349 South Main Salt Lake City, Utah And with that realization she Phone 8-051 1 BOSTON 6 MASS' smiled contentedly. It would be good to get home! 522 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA !

~~Never Give Up~~

(Concluded from page 480) helped me. The Lord was blessing me marvelously. The other and very rare book, His- tory of the Family Von Ow, contained all the pedigrees, history, and data back to 1081. This was not in the library. But I didn't give up so easily. I was told to write some large libraries to see whether they could locate it. On November 3, 1948, I wrote to the New York public library, the Los Angeles city library, and to the Library of Congress. The first two did not have it. But the Library of Congress wrote on the bottom of my letter in red, "Located at Harvard University library." Another great thrill!

But how could I get this book? Must I go back east myself and copy these records for weeks and weeks—or what? Again I prayed. This time I went to Brother Archibald F. Bennett, who -and when we have tender, tasty, Star-Kist Tuna, had just come back from his success- the plates are always cleaner, too!" ful trip to Europe. I asked him what to do. "Sister Jordan," he said, "ask The plates are always cleaner rally more pleasing, delicate Harvard Library if they will send the after dinner when you've flavor of these smaller (light, book here, and with their permission served Star-Kist Tuna be- mild, tender) tuna makes we will microfilm it." So I wrote on Star-Kist cause the flavor is better. any dish taste better. For November 22, asking if they would Only the smaller (light, mild, salads, sandwiches, hot- lend the book to our genealogical »&Tuna use tender, tasty, library for a short time. On December tender) tuna are packed un- dishes, 3 came their answer: "In compliance der this brand. The natu- Star-Kist Tuna every time with your request we have today sent the item noted below to the Genealogi- cal Society of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints for your use." They also stated they had no objection to its being microfilmed.

You can imagine how happy I was now! I could hardly believe it! I walked on air! The book came. I found it contained over five hundred pages and twenty-five pedigrees. It also contains pictures of family castles and interesting family history. Now indeed I found it was no fairy tale my mother had told me. The book had been placed in an important collection at Harvard by a Royal German Legate in 1914, descendant of the family.

For two weeks before Christmas I went daily to our library and copied all I could from the book. Then it was microfilmed and sent back to Harvard. I go once a week to copy records from the film' at the library, and once a week to work in the temple. This fascinating work is the crowning part of the gospel.

~~523 )~~

~~THE 1950 MORMON BATTALION TREK~~

( Continued from page 479 one to be stalled, believing that the The doctors at the hospital in Yuma purpose was to save the lives of were of the opinion that both the the young couple. young man and his wife would Before evening arrived, the trek-

have died had it not been for the kers donned their uniforms, the first aid which they had received ladies their long dresses and pioneer from members of the battalion. bonnets, and a parade was in mo- Some of the trekkers felt that God tion again. This event was fol- had a hand in causing bus number lowed by an elaborate barbecue held

~~^>&\&VJGJr*J&* '*&>:&~-<*&*>-^y .^v^t-e^«^-<^-v£?^*^<^<^«^<^V^^^^<«^^-V!?v.^>~~

BRING THE WESTS § —a/ ^Jlme to 'pineal Ikammmcc -?t SERVICE § EVERY PURPOSE TO YOUR BY RICHARD L. EVANS l_ HOME TOWN Ane of the wise men of the world once wrote: "To The KOLOB Agent in your community is the every thing there is a season, and a time to every friendliest man in town—ready to serve your every insurance need efficiently and at low purpose under the heaven: A time to be born, and a time cost, because he represents the West's largest General Insurance Agency. Strong stock Com- to die; a time to plant, and a time to pluck up that which pany policies—prompt, fair settlement of claims. is planted; ... A time to weep, and a time to laugh; a time to mourn, and a time to dance; ... a time to keep, and

~~a time to cast away; . . . there is a time . . . for every pur-~~

1 pose and for every work." Getting too far off the timetable may take the edge of enjoyment from almost anything. And in some things, getting too far ahead of FRANK SALISBURY, Mgr. schedule may be about as hazardous as getting too far 330 Judge Bldg. Salt Lake City behind; for example, giving a youngster a car when he should still be balancing a bicycle can be about as hazardous as giving a boy a stick of dynamite when he is scarcely safe with a firecracker. Letting youth grow old too early Your Every Musical Need dulls the edge of every enjoyment. We can't keep adding Promptly and Courteously more and more spice to the food or soon there will be no pleasure in any simple taste. worn and worldly look Filled at A on the face of a youngster is a pitiable picture. There is § another side to this subject which concerns itself with BEESLEY'S S timetables that are too much retarded: To youth especially h it should be said that there is a time for preparation and The World's h Finest Pianos a time for performance. And if we don't use the years of Knabe - Mason & Hamlin our youth to prepare for what we want to do in life, preparation becomes increasingly difficult and discourag- Everett - Cable - Nelson ing. It is hard enough to win a race when we get an even h George Steele - Jesse French start. But if we don't begin with the gun, the going can be very discouraging. It wouldn't always be true § Holton - Bach - Selmer to say that no one can ever make up for lost time. But Band Instruments some important part of life passes every day, and every day that we postpone what we should have done sooner adds a penalty to our performance. Again, letting the Largest Stock of \ Sheet Music and Teachers' schedule get too far ahead dulls the edge of every en- Material in Utah joyment, but letting it get too far behind means missing much. "To every thing there is a season, and a time to

RECORDS • RADIOS every purpose. . . . Life itself is a period both of prep- and aration and of performance for an ever-unfolding future. EVERYTHING MUSICAL And young people {and older ones also) would do well to learn to look at the timetable. BEESLEY MUSIC CO. 1 Ecclcsiastes, 3 ft \ ^Jke Spoken VUord FROM TEMPLE SQUARE 70 South Main Salt Lake City PRESENTED OVER KSL AND THE COLUMBIA Phone 4-6518 BROAD- CASTING SYSTEM, APRIL 23, 1950 UTAH'S PIONEER MUSIC HOUSE § Copyright King Features X

524 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA near the Yuma Branch Chapel. ments nor money with which to Approximately two thousand citi- purchase them. The proprietor of zens of Yuma in addition to a music store made an offer to sell the trekkers were served. After to the Indians all the musical instru- the banquet a campfire program ments they needed at a twenty-five was held under the direction of percent discount. Immediately the Sam Flake of Yuma and Dr. Worl- spirit of that suggestion found root ton of Lehi. The speakers were in the hearts of the battalion trek- President Curtis, Dr. Worlton, and kers. The captain of one of the the writer. Music was furnished buses announced that the members by the Yuma Indian orchestra and of his bus would contribute fifteen also by Alvin Keddington. Then dollars toward purchasing musical the presentation of a copper key to instruments for the members of the Salt Lake City was made to Mayor Yuma Indian orchestra. Within is your assurance W. }. Anderson of Yuma, followed the space of a few moments there- by a demonstration of square danc- after the captains of the other of rust-free hot ing by children of the community. buses came forward with their con- In the course of the evening's tributions. Before half an hour water and a entertainment, the fact was men- had elapsed, $202.75 had been tioned that the Indian orchestra gathered from the members of the longer-lasting did much entertaining without battalion and presented to the Yuma charge, and that some members of Indians. the orchestra did not own instru- (To be concluded)

~~A FLAME WAS KINDLED IN THE NORTHLANDS~~

(Continued from page 477) faith, this Mormonism which, ac- in Fowler tank safeguards the that many were on his side. "We cording to rumor, had already Porcelining a heart of your water heater — assures pure, have found them in our fields and gained 40,000 converts in the hot water for all your needs. meadows, although we handled British Isles. Many of these new As a protective, sanitary coating in your them gingerly, that no precious converts were already emigrating Fowler tank, porcelining prevents water message might be broken or marred across the waters to faraway Amer- from touching metal, keeps water rust-free before the arrival of our good ica. "Did not Scandinavian sailors, always, lengthens service life of your heater. king's commissioners and worthy newly home from English ports, tell Porcelining is only one of many Fowler scientists!" His honest blue eyes of ship upon ship crowded with points of superiority 'which combine to would look around for approval. Mormon converts leaving for Amer- make Fowler your best water heater buy. "There were messages engraved on ican ports upon every sailing date?" many ornaments," he continued, But somehow, in spite of mob more features... "messages which we read about violence, of jail sentences, incar- more value ... later when the learned scientists cerations, whippings, and other 1. Glass-lined tank prevents water from published their translations." physical ill-treatment by overzeal- touching metal — keeps the water rust-free.

"Heathen boastings and sacrile- ous or brutal authorities, these 2. "Black Heat" lock-on, external-type ele- gious prayers to Odin and Thor!" young men persisted in spreading ments give top efficiency and long life. would come the venomous reply the gospel. 3. Easy-adjustable temperature con- from the officially appointed shep- Many kinds of people they met trols. herd of souls. "Nothing that good in their endless journeys. Many 4. Triple, built-in insulation retains the maximum heat in tank. Christian people should bother types of converts came into the 5. Capacities: 5 to 80 gals. (Table top models about!" fold. In the back reaches of the 30 and 40 gals.) "But could it not be possible, that harsher sections of these Scandi- 6. Approved by Underwriters' Labora- the word of prophets of old would navian lands they found a stronger, tories. also be found in the ground?" the more self-willed populace. There See Fowler at your dealer's or write for tall, clear-eyed one would persist. was no humble bowing down to full information. "I have read that such is the case stiff-backed authority in pompous Also manufacturer of in the Holy Land, where many new officialdom. In the thinking pat- FOWLER GAS WATER HEATERS carvings come to light from time to tern of such people, the proclaimers time, that the voice of God is start- of the new, everlasting gospel found ing to whisper from the dust. something salient and strong. There

Answer me, Stiftspvovst, am I not was something utterly logical in right?" the manner in which they cautious- Tumultuous shoutings and vio- ly inquired into the whys and where- lent "taking sides" would end such fores of the gospel plan. There ELECTRIC WATER HEATER meetings. Some were for tarring seemed to be a strong desire to FOWLER MANUFACTURING COMPANY and feathering all believers and forge link upon strong link into a 2545 S. E. Gladstone • Portland 2, Oregon investigators of this strange, new powerful chain of irrefutable evi- JUNE 1950 525 — )

~~A Flame Was Kindled~~

~~In the Northlands~~

(Continued from preceding page) dence. They did not give in easily, SKYMASTER presents the ^ once converted they became but the later stalwarts of Zion. 1850-1950 CENTENNIAL TOUR TO TIllU/llll In the lowlands, among the coun- AUGUST 9th TO AUGUST 2Tst trysides rich with cattle and with Make your Hawaiian Centennial Trip in modern, luxurious courteous stewardesses burgeoning fields of ripening grain, DC-4 comfort . . . reclining seats, and delicious meals . . . the thinking pattern of the people $293.10 including Federal Tax would be milder, more lyrical. It *Your SKYMASTER tour includes air passage from also appeared more haphazard, San Francisco to Hawaii and return . . . more superficial. Suddenly, how- * Round trip air passage to the island of Maui for the pilgrimage to Mount Pelehu, site of the first ever, often quite unexpectedly, after Mormon Mission in Hawaii! much gay bantering, a seemingly Round the island motor tour of Oahu prospect would slap a MAKE YOUR RESERVATIONS EARLY! uninterested missionary on the back. With a For complete information, write good-natured smile, an invitation SKYMASTER RESERVATIONS come to have some Blaisdell Hotel Lobby Honolulu. Hawaii would suddenly light refreshments with the family. Much fruitful discussion would follow, suddenly revealing an inner depth of thinking by a man indicating he was not at all ashamed Binding QftiirL £aoa.? to admit that a superficial outer armor had been penetrated. Many SEND 3c STAMP FOR 1949 INDEX conversions were often gained in this manner, and once convinced, IMPROVEMENT ERA these people made excellent home 50 North Main Street Salt Lake City 1, Utah missionaries. On the other hand, the cozy look THE BEST WAY TO GET STARTED of "come hither, friend," which the wandering missionaries often were WRITING FOR confronted with in the rose-trellised, ALL ALUMINUM ivy-covered cottages of many Scan- TRIPLE TRACK STORM WINDOWS MAGAZINES dinavian villages, was often decep- tive. AND FINEST Develop the working habit under the personal or editor. whole day would STORM direction of an experienced writer On occasion, a THE MAGAZINE INSTITUTE, a private school be full of disappointments, and a DOORS completely owned and operated by suc- thoughts at a cessful editors and writers, offers a series of young missionary's to get you started fascinating assignments designed ebb, when suddenly an un- Keep Out and keep you writing. They are sent regularly to low your home, where you work on them in spare expected event would send his Cold Drafts time. They give you a chance to polish your style the way professional writers polished theirs—by lagging spirits soaring. Save on writing continually. You may concentrate on either short story or Half-buried in a heather hill, Fuel article work, advancing as rapidly as your ability warrants. partly excavated into the very side Sweaty Every assignment you submit is returned with Stop detailed criticism. of it, he might suddenly find a Windows FREE CATALOG humble hut on his way back from Writers themselves active in the magazine field help yoj village. chance find your best outlets, often suggest markets you might the unfriendly A EASY TERMS never have heard of. Send the coupon today for a ramble away from the beaten high- free catalog which tells you how you Call or Write may get started toward a writing VETERANS! way has revealed this treasure to career. This course approved for him. Here indeed was meager ex- THE MAGAZINE veterans' STOACO INTERMOINTAIN, INC. istence. Casual pieces of driftwood, INSTITUTE, Inc. training 4847 So. State, Murray- Utah aging planks, and cracking timbers 50 Rockefeller Plaza 955 would form the door-jambs and MURRAY Rockefeller Center, New York 20, N. Y. SALT LAKE 9-4107 window frames. The door itself The Magazine Institute, Inc. might be the hatch cover from a Dept. 276-B, 50 Rockefeller Plaza Rockefeller Center, New York 20, N.Y. foundered, splintered shipwreck, Please have one of your representatives call and give us a free estimate. Please send your free catalog, without obliga- and therefore no one's property un- tion, to: til a lucky finder would claim it. A Name Name contentedly Address pig might be grunting Address. in a makeshift pen, a nanny goat Town State chewing her cud of juniper greens, Check here if eligible under G.I. Bill a few chickens industriously will call. and ( Inquiries confidential. No salesman 526 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA :

~~scratching in the sandy ruts of the haphazard road. But a friendly,~~

"Goddag og Velkommen, ( Good day and welcome), Stranger! Come in and chat!" would greet a foot- sore and discouraged missionary. Heartwarming hospitality would be found among these plain folk. They would share their meager supper of sour milk, boiled potatoes, and fried herring with the stranger, who would hold them spellbound with his amazing tales of the new, wonderful religion. His message seemed to have many touching points with their own simple religious concep- tion: "Decency to one's fellow men."

And so, by these first four missionaries who set foot on Danish soil on that June morning in Here's a loaf of extra value — a 1850, the flame of the everlast- premium bread in every way, ing gospel was kindled in the North- thanks to skillful baking and the use of highest quality ingredients lands. By many more the torch only. Next time, take Table was carried high. From the ranks Queen—for bread at its delicious of the humble people came many best. Look for it in the sparkling converts, humble in thoughts, hum- new white wrapper. ble in life's pursuits, humble in their wholehearted acceptance of the gospel plan. From the great cities they came, from the fat farm- lands, and from the meager acres in uplands and hinterlands: black- smiths and bakers and wheel- wrights, sturdy farmers, and hardy fishermen, young and sinewy or old and seasoned. All had one single purpose: to live in a land of freedom, to worship their God according to their innermost concept, and to build up the strength and the glory of Zion. The valleys among IMPROVE the Rocky Mountains have blos- FLAVOR somed under the wholehearted and BHRICHEB loving labor of these hardy stal- WITH VITAMINS wart immigrants and their sons and daughters. And their sons and daughters after them have lived

~~full, rich lives. " Intermarriages with~~

:: : I! : J. : : .,.-, /.::•• S : . ..: : .i : : 5 : : : S»; /J: « SSSimi S i. : V : 5 many other nationalities in the American melting pot of nations have produced strong western American youths. The New Eng- land strain of their early pioneer forebears is there, too, in rich measure. But in their tall, erect stature, their fair, blue eyes, none can ever deny the heritage they have from the stalwarts who came from across the seas—from the Northlands—where the light of the Lord's true gospel was kindled by Erastus Snow and his fellow missionaries, an even hundred years ago. JUNE 1950 527 —

SCANDINAVIA (Continued page 425) from the gospel is being carried forward confirming the last two named men to the Finns in their own language. Sound Training Is members of the Church, admin- While the administration of istered the sacrament for the first Church affairs for Scandinavia re- Essential to Success time in this dispensation in Norway. mained at Copenhagen until 1905, An opening was made, too, at and for the Norwegian-Danish por- in Decem- Frederikstad, when tion of the mission until 1 920, there ber 1851, Svend Larsen came to always was more or less of a lin- interview with Your Church Osterrisor seeking an guistic barrier between the three Elder Petersen, relative to gospel languages and peoples. True, the teachings. Swedish Saints for years got along University The year 1852 saw the first with the Danish publications of Scandinavian Saints emigrate to the Church, but as time has gone Utah. The spirit of gathering on, the differences between the offers you that training in 43 de- spread like fire as the Saints left written languages have become partments of instruction. their homes for England where, more pronounced, and the Church Character building also receives through the Liverpool office of the has taken steps to rectify that by for its proper emphasis. Church, ships were chartered publishing material in the language the purpose. And over the years, of the mission involved. emigrants from the Scandinavian Summer Quarter Starts It is indeed difficult to write a nations crossed the American plains short but adequate history of even June 12 by ox team, by handcart, and by the beginnings of the Scandinavian every conceivable method. Mission—the mission that, accord- Second Term Begins Before the coming of the railroad ing to a recent special survey, has July 24 a company of Scandinavian Saints furnished the ancestry for about were outfitted one year with young forty-five percent of the membership and frisky oxen. The Scandinavians, of the Church. And yet, those > left to their own ingenuity, coun- Danes, Swedes, Norwegians, Ice- seled among themselves to hitch landers, and Finns who took upon Catalogues are now available for style- the up the oxen old-country — them the yoke of the restored gos- the 1950 Summer Quarter and will they had been accustomed. way pel of Jesus Christ, came to Utah for 1950-51 school year. oxen became scared, bolted, be soon the The to become, with but few exceptions, the wagons. and upset Ameri- the humble plowers of the fields, Write for your copies to can elders who had labored in the drawers of water, and the Scandinavia and who were in "Y" PRESS hewers of the wood rather than of the came run- charge company the architects and planners of It decided that ning. was hastily Zion.* it would be easier to teach the It has been said of them, especial- BRIGHAM Scandinavians to drive by American ly of the Scandinavian converts of standards than to teach the oxen early times, that they heard the YOUNG the ways of the old country. gospel one day, were baptized the the elders were As early as 1879, second, and on the third day they UNIVERSITY Finland, then a part expelled from were out preaching the restored Czarist Russia, and periodically PROVO, UTAH of truth to kinfolk, neighbors, and elders from the Stockholm area vis- friends. A while later they were in Saints in ited the few faithful Utah, establishing new homes, and occasionally made new Finland and doing their share to make the Sometimes these elders converts. desert blossom as the rose; but then get into Russia for a short would the call would come to leave their their work was blocked. PROFITABLE DAYS time, but homes and their families to raise AHEAD FOR In 1905 the Swedish Mission was their voices again in their native formed from that portion of the old lands. Time after time they would The Scandi- QUISH Scandinavian Mission. heed the call—and when these men navian Mission was divided in grew too old to travel, they sent GRADUATES 1920 to form the Danish and their sons and their grandsons in Capitalize on QUISH the Norwegian Missions. A post- at the mission training now! You'll be a their stead. Today, competent beautician 'when war development brought the crea- centennial, many of the great- graduated. QUISH provides you with technical tion of the Finnish Mission in 1947. grandsons of the old-time converts ENROLL skill and knowledge gained Until that time, the work in missionary call. NOW in 25 years. SEND FOR have heeded the FREE CATALOG TODAY! Finland had been carried forward SCHOOL OF by missionaries from Sweden labor- 'Denmark has given to the Church two Danish- born General Authorities: President Anthon H. Lund BEAUTY CULTURE exclusively with the and President Christian D. Fjeldsted; Norway one 331 SOUTH ing almost MAIN Norwegian-born General Authority: Elder John A. element in Finland. Now m Swedish Widtsoe. 528 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA Of all me tnousands ot mission aries who have labored for the upbuilding of the Church in the HERE ARE BOOKS YOU'LL WANT FOR Scandinavian countries, as elsewhere in the world, none has SPIRITUAL GROWTH labored alone, each has received the help of the Holy Spirit in relationship to his worthiness to receive it. FAITH LIKE THE ANCIENTS who have And of all the converts By N. B. LUNDWALL come out of those countries, and of Yes, it's another favorite by N. B. Lund- those converts who are staying to wall. It's a volume that's packed with faith build that portion of the Lord's promoting statements and gospel doc- this promise may also be vineyard— trine from various authorities and writers made. in the Church over a period of the last one hundred years. The foreword is by Milton R. Hunter of the First Council of the Seventy.

ADDITIONAL CHURCH CLASSICS YOU'LL ENJOY AND TREASURE J^ald- .America Before Columbus $5.00 His Many Mansions .$2.25 by Dewey Farnsworth by Rulon S. Howells KJn fKecreation Assorted Gems of Priceless Value $2,50 Know the Bible ..$1.50 Compiled by N. B. Lundwall by Benjamin Alward Bible Stories for Young Latter-day Mormonism and Masonry ..$2.25 When you go to amuse, or recre- Saints, by Emma Marr Petersen. .$1.75 by E. Cecil McGavin ate yourselves in any manner what- Gems of Thought $1.00 Pearl of Great Price Commentary ..$3.00 Compiled by Dr. Milton R. Hunter by Dr. Milton R. Hunter ever, if you cannot enjoy the Spirit Gospel Interpretations $2.25 Treasures to Share ..$2.00 of the Lord then and there, as you by Dr. John A. Widtsoe by Melvin Westenskow would at a prayer meeting, leave that place; and return not to such amusements or recreation, until you have obtained mastery over your- BOOKCRAFT self, until you can command the in- 1186 SOUTH MAIN SALT LAKE CITY 4, UTAH fluences around you, that you may have the Spirit of the Lord in any situation in which you may be placed. Then, and not until then, does it become the privilege of you, FEW EYES ARE PERFECT of me, or of any of the Saints, to join in the festivities designed by the Pi!' Creator for our recreation. I wish IP*5i i mi

that you may, I repeat that it is not your lawful privilege to yield to any- n thing in the shape of amusement, until you have performed every duty, WS\ and obtained the power of God to enable you to withstand and resist £1151 all foul spirits that might attack you, ii Sib i and lead you astray; until you have command over them, and by your faith, obtained, through power and The chart above shows the percentage of people. glasses at various ages., supplication, the blessings of the who need Fortunately, common eye deficiencies can Holy Spirit, and it rests upon you, be corrected by optical science. Beyond the and abides continually with you. age of 45, nearly all eyes need the assist- —Brigham Young, Journal ance of glasses. Protect the only pair of eyes you'll ever have. See the qualified optome- of Discourses, Vol. 1:113 trist, today!

~~STRENGTH OF HILLS By Vivian E. Wood~~

\17hite frame houses, red clay soil, THE WEST FF1CEB THROUGHOUT V» Front yards full of yellow daffodils, MODERN Blue-jeans clad men who go to plough, A strong state's blood lies in her hills. JUNE 1950 529 They Endured :' ': what is OUR POLICY (Continued from page 473) YOUR were shut out as missionaries, they will buy or. sell any prod- I HAIR PROBLEM : We found work at their particular uct or perform any honest trades and passed the contagion of service so long as everyone their message to fellow workmen. concerned can benefit there- stuffed • • by. A shoemaker Latter-day Saint tracts into his customers' shoes; .a tailor sermonized as he MEN WHATEVER YOUR sewed. They baptized by night Hair dry, lifeless, along river banks and on the sea- unruly, full of NEEDS dandruff? L.B. adds natural shore. Every new convert bore lubrication, grooms, helps feel free to write us. If we control witness to his neighbor. The new dandruff. can't save you money, we gospel was a germ which spread will foe glad to tell you where by contact. you can get what you want Through the labors at the lowest possihle price. of these na- » Although we truly have more tive traveling elders, Mormonism than 10,000 bargains, we spe- developed its own momentum in cialize in the following: Scandinavia. The fact is one of WOMEN the bright stars in mission history. Canvas Tarpaulins Hair hard to manage? Won't Dams One misinformed, historian has "take" a permanent? Split ends? Tents called the early missionaries in L.B. softens, preserves waves, keeps hair sparkling and lovely. Drop cloths Scandinavia "past masters at tilling Car covers the soil of religious, social, and Paint political discontent,'' and their con- FOR Army bunk beds and beds verts "the ignorant, the dregs of THE 11 HAIR and mattresses of all kinds society." This becomes a ridiculous NEW L.B. Used and new Army contradiction when it is realized that CREAMED clothing SHAMPOO the converts themselves were the Hunting, Fishing and IF YOUR HAIR Pow^l^ missionaries. Only thirteen mission- Camping Supplies NEEDS HELP.. .IT NEEDS I.B. aries from Boy Scout equipment Utah served in the three countries between 1850 and 1859, WITH NEW SLIDE the year the first convert-emigrant, FASTENER BE SURE TO VISIT OUR after a brief residence in Mormon- TRAVELING STORE ON landet, returned to Scandinavia, WHEELS himself an "elder from Zion." Al- }or ^eackerA

~~when it comes to your town most every one of the sixty-seven VWWWWVVVWWS/WkVVVWWWVVWVWWWWWVWVVWWW~~

elders who were sent out from No. 163Z. The ideal Bible for America teachers and advanced students. between 1860 and 1870 Genuine leather binding with was a slide fastener protection. More BUCKS convert who had emigrated than 60,000 center references, and now returned as missionary. concordance, colored maps WAR SURPLUS STORES A and helps. onetime burgher of Copenhagen, 3100 Washington Blvd., Ogden and Ola Nilsson Liljenquist, emigrant Sunset, Utah, of 1857, remembered: }or Student* just one mile north of Clearfield wtttHttNNttttttetttmHttttttttfNfttmrNt/tlll on Highway 91 I was the first of the elders who had No. 123Z. Easy-to-read boldface received the gospel in Scandinavia to re- text Bible for young people. Flexible genuine leather cover turn and testify of Zion. It was a wonder with slide fastener closure. Many and a marvel to many who thought that features including special helps and illustrations. no one could ever return after he got to the Rocky Mountains. ... I went to the No. 64PZ. Testament with Psalms. Fabri- STOP SMOKING -Easily / magistrate's office in Copenhagen to re- koid cover with easy-running slide fastener. port my arrival. All the officers and Nico-Stop, new medical discovery, can help you BELOVED KING JAMES VERSION clerks stop the tobacco habit. Pleasant tasting. A left their chairs and desks and few drops on the tongue relieves craving AT completely surrounded me, and bid me ..,,....— .,., — .... ONCE and starts clearing the system of ac- hearty welcome. I spent a cumulated tobacco poisons. Recommended by very agreeable physicians, but sold without prescription. time with them, testifying about Zion and Priced at the cost of only a few weeks' 12 my experience while I had been gone. smoking. Money-back guarantee. If not national bibles available at your druggist's, write to Wherever Bibles are Sold NICO-STOP The succeeding decades wit- nessed a similar "return of the NICO-STOP, BOX 193, SAINT HELENA, CALIF. native": the names of the more Please send further information about Nico-Stop. HOTEL LANKERSHIM than thirteen hundred elders sent 7th & BROADWAY Name out from Utah by 1900, the golden ROOMS WITH BATH Single or Double from $3.50 Address jubilee of Mormonism's beginnings New dining and supper rooms in Scandinavia, read like a roll call City State. LOS ANGELES of first and second generation con- 'TWO PERSONS - ONE CHARGE"

530 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA verts. "The Kingdom is beleaguered by this missionary army from ^e&r alter year? Utah," reported a Swedish official 13 in the 1890's. Denmark to the later missionaries appeared to have ...the largest-selling been "very thoroughly warned by church organ our elders," for L.D.S. tracts were to be found in nearly every house in the world! 14 they visited. Rumors originated early and Here's one reason why! floated down the years concerning As one minister writes: "The Hammond Organ these missionaries. They were merits my highest en- railroad agents; they were specu- dorsement ... a mini- lators; they were white slavers; mum of expense over they were polygamists sent abroad ten years . . . richness of tone quality and ready to avoid prosecution; they were adaptability to liturgi- Utah's delinquents farmed out for cal music!' reform. On a mission to Drammen, Norway, in 1891, one elder found advance notice of his coming in the local newspaper. A countryman in his home town in Utah, whom the I elder as justice of the peace had I once fined, had written a letter warning people against him and CHURCH MODEL, his kind: in "The railroads America Hammond in used more than take such ignorant fellows almost 18,000 churches. Prices and informa- gratis because they know they will tion on request. get it back on their deluded con- Organ verts who emigrate to Utah." 15 That The Hammond Organ provides thousands of rich church tones. was hard to take for a man who Gives you music of cathedral quality in any sized church, yet is had paid seventy-three dollars in the world's lowest-priced two-manual-and-pedal church organ. cold cash for his ticket and who had Your church, too, can have its own Hammond Organ. Visit left a pregnant wife, a boy with our organ studios . . . hear the Hammond Organ . . . and you a broken arm, and a struggling will be convinced that it is the finest organ for your church dairy business, in response to the There is no obligation of any kind.

Norway, auctioned the family library in 1883; Hans Zobell sold his Danish cottage for 400 kroner DRINK ($100) in 1869; and Andrew M. Israelsen, as a boy of seven, remembered the heavy box of silver coins A delightful hot beverage for those his parents received when they sold who don't drink coffee. (Continued on following page) AT YOUR GROCERS

~~JUNE 1950 531 . .~~

THEY ENDURED TRAVEL (Continued from preceding page) Gundsolille," who at the time was their little farm in Norway for not yet a member, "but whom many passage money. have cause to remember with grati- 16 Before leaving the old country, tude today." A deliverer who like those with ample means assisted Moses never set his own feet on their less fortunate brethren, or the promised land was Jens Ander- savings were pooled to enable a sen of Veddern, Aalborg, who had WE HAVE THE few to go who could send help assisted no fewer than sixty of his WORLD later. Contributions amounting to fellows to emigrate; he died on the ON DISPLAY $680 went to the aid of the 297 North Sea in 1862 soon after leav- SHOP IN OUR Saints who left via Liverpool on the ing Cuxhaven. Andrew Eliason, Forest Monarch, January 16, 1853, well-to-do Swedish landowner, sold Department Store of Travel the first organized party to leave his estate and enabled a hundred of Among Our Services Scandinavia. Niels Wilhelmsen, his brethren and sisters to start ACCOMMODATIONS emigrant of 1861, reminisced that out for Zion. Bent Nielsen was so PASSPORTS AND VISAS he had received various loans, free in outfitting his brethren and AGENTS FOR WORLD-WIDE TRAVEL- among them two hundred rigsdaler prepaying their passage that he was STEAMSHIP LINES—AIRLINES ($100) from Peter Andresen of warned some might accept his RAILROADS

~~Our Service Costs You Nothing Eepenlance'pi /, anJ~~

~~Write or Phone~~

UNIVERSAL BY RICHARD L EVANS epentance is a subject that is sometimes shunned. But TRAVEL SERVICE R repentance is a very practical principle and plays a Mezzanine Hotel Temple Square very important part in human progress. This is so be- Dial 3-3419 cause, in a sense, no man moves forward in any particular without repentance. Increasing individual or industrial • BEFORE you buy new efficiency is a kind of repentance—by the abandoning of following better ways. Applying screens . , wasteful ways and by is a form of re- This BEFORE you repaint or improved processes in any undertaking pentance. The process of growing up and leaving behind rewire your old ones . . childish ways, as increasing wisdom comes, is a kind of It will pay you to invest- repentance. But when an adult reverts to childish ways is it! igate RY-LOCK. Send or persists in unenlightened practices, or when he con- coupon for information, ducts himself in conflict with conscience or in conflict name of nearest dealer. with the commandments of God, to that extent he proves himself to be unrepentant—and therefore unprogressive. RY-LOCK The unrepentant person turns his face to the darkness instead of to the light. He follows ways he knows to be full Tension of evil and error—evil if only in the sense that his conduct doesn't conform to his best knowledge. In others words, WINDOW when a person knows better than he does, and persists in acting in error, he is unrepentant, and is, therefore, also SCREEN unprogressive. He who doesn't repent of breaking the laws of health will pay the price of ill health. The person or the institution that doesn't repent of spending beyond its means will pay the price of its prodigality. Any individual or organization, any nation or people must pay a price for unrepentance—even if it is only the price of holding themselves back from what they. might have been. A successful life is a life of constant improvement, a life that seeks earnestly to abandon old errors. In short, repentance is the very essence of progress, and an un- RY-LOCK COMPANY LTD. repentant person is an unprogressive person. Even from 2485 Washington Ave., San Leandro, Calif. a purely practical point of view no person can afford to be You may send me complete information. unrepentant.

Revised e Spokenspoken WordIn/ord FROM TEMPLE SQUARE ADDRESS. PRESENTED OVER KSL AND THE COLUMBIA BROAD- CASTING SYSTEM, APRIL 30, 1950 Copyright 1950 532 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA All missionaries need money and then apostatize. To hymai-writer Jacob Bohn he said: S. "You need never repay me because The L. D. Missionary Bible you labor for God's kingdom." 17 The redeemed did not always repay with kindness. It grieved An- drew Jenson, editor of Morgen- stjernen, Danish bi-monthly, published in Salt Lake City, that year after year many remained indifferent to their obligations. He wrote:

Have you forgotten how eagerly you seized every means which would make your emigration possible? Those who for- sake their duty in this respect are there- The L. D. S. Missionary Bible is printed specially for fore responsible for the distress of their the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints by the Cambridge brothers and sisters. ... It is the sure University Press, have been printing Bibles 18 who since 1591, a longer road to apostasy. period than any other press in existence. It contains the King James Version with the Church's official Ready Reference pages and the But there was more remembering useful Cambridge Concordance and Dictionary to the Bible. Ruled than forgetting. Scandinavians in pages are bound in for convenience in making notes.

Utah contributed twenty-five cents The L. D. S. Missionary Bible is essential to all mission- a month to an Emigrant Aid So- aries working at home or in foreign fields. It is also the best Teachers' Bible for use in ciety. The town of Ephraim ex- Sunday Schools • Priesthood Classes • Mutual pected to have a fund of almost Improvement Associations • Primary Associations

$2,000 for "our poor and suffering Relief Societies * Church Institutes • Seminaries brethren in the Old Country" in Price: $9.25 1872, when "we celebrate our twen- Order your L. D. S. Missionary Bible today from ty-fifth anniversary in this land of your local book dealer or from freedom." 19 Altogether, $10,000 was DESERET BOOK COMPANY sent to Scandinavia from private The Book Center of the Intermountain West sources in Utah in that pioneer 44 East South Temple Street • Salt Lake City 10, Utah jubilee year. In 1883, $30,000

annum imisiiimiiHI iiiimiiijiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiimii went to Sweden alone. Credits to in timiiiiiiiiimiiiiimumiiiiimiiiiimihiii mi mil iiiiiiiiimmiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiini£ the Perpetual Emigrating Fund, contributions to mission funds, and make plans now to prepaid tickets were among the attend the forms of assistance. J. A. Petersen, steamship passenger agent in Salt Lake City, advertised regularly in the SUMMER TERM Scandinavian weeklies in the 1880's that his tickets were good for a year and those who wished could travel "with the Latter-day Saint emigration. Registration June 5-12

Generosity from Zion was Besides a full curriculum of business courses, L..D.S. Business College offers you many other benefits. matched by thrift and enterprise in New classes, both day and Among these is the setting of ideal environment. Across its lovely campus rise the spires of the Tem- the mission. After 1 860 tithes went evening, begin in June . . . ple—L.D.S. Church offices are at its door . . . and lay plans now for enrolling. largely for the emigration of the the heart of a great city lies less than a block away. Truly here is an environment to inspire the imagina- poor. In addition, missionwide sav- tion and to cultivate the spirit of learning. You are cordially welcome at... ings plans were inaugurated. Mis- sion headquarters in Copenhagen received deposits to individual BUSINESS COLLEGE accounts in an "Emigrations-fond" LD.S. 70 North Main • Salt Lake City, Utah which led to a regular savings L. D. S. training doesn't cost — it pays system in a bank called signifi- cantly Bikuben, the Beehive. Not -iiiiHiiiijuiii iiiiiiiiijiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiililiiilililiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiillimui.liilliuiliiliiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiinii mum mm mi mimii! mi iimiiiiimiiiimiilili.' untypical was the action of tailor Jens Weibye who, on becoming SUN-VISTA 1 HEADQUARTERS FOR L. D. S. f Delicious 4 IN LAS VEGAS, NEVADA k a member and finding he had BLACK-EYED PEAS four hundred rigsdaler to his name, BUTTER BEANS YE KINGS REST MOTEL BABY LIMA BEANS paid forty as tithing, put one hun- PINTO BEANS 526 SOUTH 5th STREET GREEN CHILI PEPPERS Dr. Harold B. Foutz. Owner dred in the emigration savings fund, PINTO BEANS WITH PORK Edgar H. Foutz, Manager At and gave the remainder to the mis- Your Grocers Beautyrest Mattresses Throughout (Continued on following page) JUNE 1950 533 They Endured (Continued from preceding page)

~~sionaries for their work. 21 By 1872 the congregation at Stockholm had an emigration fund for loan purposes and was helping individuals with sums of from twenty to a thousand kronor ($5 to $250).~~

~~Yet it required long years for some to save enough from their pittance to accumulate even the few dollars needed for passage. "The great question among the Saints is 'How shall we get to Zion?'~~

wrote Niels C. Flygare in 3 878. "Many have been in the Church for fifteen or twenty-five years and grown old, but they are not tired of " assisting in 22 LUMBERJACK SYRUP GIVES YOU the good cause. . . . Mission leaders comforted the THAT "OLD TIME MAPLE FLAVOR" Saints, admonishing that they — SO ECONOMICAL, TOO! "should not desire to leave here

without trials and opposition, . . . (MU|YS; Experience has shown that the LUMBERJACK SYRUP steadfast eventually find Zion, and having been tried here, prove faithful. Others who leave too soon, WITH EVERYTHING YOU EAT WITH SYRUP 23 prove not so faithful." More realistically, they pointed out that some were more thrifty in household affairs than others. The young un- MINER MIKE sa*s married folk, who were "unbur- dened" and earning a living, shouki regularly set aside some of their earnings: "The ores we dig out of the ground ten ore (2^c) daily would amount to three hundred are worthless until they become kroner ($75) in ten years. "If metals and are made into useful everyone did this, it wouldn't be necessary for so many of our articles. So mining gives rise to brethren and sisters to be left be- 24 industries that refine and use hind year after year." It was slow, painful saving, the picture of a peo- the products of my work." ple attempting to lift themselves by their own bootstraps succeed-

534 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA ties, and their exertions" toward "Skandinaviens Stjerne, I (1852), p. 7. i Sverige {Emgrationsutredninqcn, III, 7 M. Bonn, Autobiografi," Morgen- Stockholm, building the kingdom. They did J. J. 1910), p. 20. stjerncn, IV (1885), p. 40. Many of the ""The Scandinavian Mission," Mitten- not come, they told themselves, to hymns were included in the first Danish nial Star, XLVII (1885), p. 680. Latter-day Saint songbook. published find Zion in full flower, but to help in '"Andrew M. Israelsen, Autobiography in 1851. Copenhagen (Salt City, plant and nourish it. And so be- 8 Lake 1938), p. 96. H. P. Jensen, "Biografiske Skizze," ""Autobiografi," Morgenstjernen. II lieving, they endured. Morgenstjernen, I (1882), p. 103. (1883), p. 135. "Letter, July 10, 1851, quoted in Jenson, 17 History, p. 30. Eider Snow issued a J. J- M. Bohn, "Autobiografi," Morgen- twenty- four-page pamphlet, "One Year in stjerncn, IV (1885), p. 42. BIBLIOGRAPHY ls Scandinavia . . . Remarkable Events, Late "Betal Eders Emigrationsgjaeld," Mor- ^.C.A. Christensen, "Beretning," Mor- Persecutions and Present Aspect of Af- genstjernen, I (1882), p. 168. fairs," which was advertised for sale ]!> genstjernen, III (1884), p. 203. in C-C.A. Christensen, Letter, Epharim, 2 Samuel Bowles, Across the Continent England in the Millennial Star in 1851. July 25, 1871, in Skandinaviens Stjerne, 10 (Springfield, Mass., 1865), p. 398. From a scene in the Scandinavian cen- XX (1871), p. 362. tennial play by 20 ''William M. Evarts, "Diplomatic Cor- Evelyn Wood, They Shall Svenska Harolden, June 18, 1885. respondence, Circular No. 10, August Go Their Way, and None Shall Stay 21 9, C. A. Weibye, "Autobiografi" Mor- 1879," Papers Relating to the Foreign Them, unpublished. J. genstjernen, III (1884), p. 152. Relations of the United States 1879 "George M. Stephenson, The Religious "Quoted in Jenson, History, p. 237. (Washington, D.C., 1880), p. 11. Aspects of Sivedish Immigration ( Min- "Quoted in Andrew Jenson, History of neapolis, 1932), p. 96. '^"Hvorledes skal jeg komme til Zion?" r2 the Scandinavian Mission (Salt Lake City, " Autobiografi," Morgenstjernen, II Ungdommens Raadgiver, I (1880), pp. 20-< 1927), p. 170. (1883), p. 42. 21. 6 13 2% Quoted in Jenson, op. cit., p. 159. Gustav Sundbarg, Mormonvarfningen Loc. cit.

~~April Missionaries~~

MISSIONARIES ENTERING MISSION HOME APRIL R. Cook, Regent John Howard, Judith P. Bennion, Richard Bradford, Benton Mosley, Richard Koehler, 17, AND DEPARTING APRIL 26, 1950 Ruth Bennion, Zola Peterson, Joyce Lowe, Vilate Laurn K. Beutler. Smith, Robert Lewis Warren, Bud Thomas Eatchel. Eleventh row: Robert S. Ball, Lee W. Hall, La- Reading from left to right, first row: LuJean Sixth row: Farrel J. Olsen, Jr., Frank R. Hill, mond J. Frost, Curtis L. Smith, Fred W. Longhurst, Mortensen, William D. Jewkes, La Juana Isakson, Clifford Jay Bailey, Theron L. Swainston, Charlie D. Crawford Roberts, DeMar Ray Kern, William Irene Tenney, Reed Coles, Lorine W. Seifert, Don L. Stewart, Ramona Reeder, Phyllis Udy, Irene Hatch, Paul H. Wilcox, Charles Neiderhauser. B. Colton, director; Ramona Calvert, Dorinne Jensen, Jackson Howells, Irene Carol Thomsen, Marvin Twelfth row: Homer Lain Jensen, David C. Olive Branch Millburn, Dawnette White, Edith B. LaVor Cooley, Clyde Gordon Smith, Lawrence George Sparks, Gerald T. Godfrey, Marvis Bond, Arthur H. Cottam. Pisani. Hardy, Kurt M. Lyman, Everett G. Larson, Frank Second row: Blaine Hardcastle, Norman E. King, Seventh row: Clyde Cooley, H. Mark Magleby, R. Johnson, Lavon H. Seamons. Max E. Curtis, John Fetzer, Sr., Albert Barlow Keith M. Standing, Dan F. Thacker, M. DeMoyne Thirteenth row: Richard E. Turley, Douglas V. Dooley, Lou Bitton, Robert D. Worthen, John D. Andrus, Richard J. Marshall, Marba Peck, Anna De Erickson, Clayne E. Munk, Donald Ray Nielsen, Van der Waal, William G. Holman, Jack Leon Tuke, Witt Warren, Paul M. Wilson, John Harold Excetl, Errol Jacobsen, Edward M. Eyring, Charles Berg, Lewis David Allen, Glen J. Wiese. Boyd Stephen Crabtree, Clead F. Lovelt, H. Mervyn Robert G. Beasley. Third row: Evan G. Rowell, Oscar Sander, Grace James. Fourteenth row: J. D. Simpson, Donald A. Crofts, McRae, Amanda Miles Johnston, Naida Maxine Eighth row: William L. Wells, George F. Tischer, Sheron D. Fielding, Eldon Verness Andrews, John Grimmett, Colleen Benson, Delton J. Connell, Con- Glen S. Nielsen, Robert M. Clark, Scott J. Maughan, Calvin Dalley, Thomas E. Augustus, Allen E. Lowe. don M. Avery, Grant E. Neibaur, Bryant P. McKay, Neldon D. Stanley, Kay L. Baker, Delbert M. Fifteenth row: James L. Bennett, Ray A. Butler, Evan P. Lyman, Gladys Barnes. Dickmore, Dennis N. Atkinson, Ronald C. Doney, Thad G. Kirkham, Bruce T. Neville, James E. Brown, Fourth row: Lynn F. James, Paul W. Cutler, N. Norman Noorda. Robert T. Neville, Marvin W. Hollingsworth, John Kelland Jackson, Eugene N. Allred, Robert J. Ninth row: David Parkinson, W. Howard Curtis, R. Cooper, Doral S. Paxman, Earl W. White. Brown, Donald Stone, Barbara O. Neal, Maude W. Harold P. McEwan, Keith O. Gleave, Ned R. Win- Sixteenth row: Cecil A. Smith, Robert K. Worthen, Dodge, Edward C. Dodge, Lily Norton Hortnagl, ward, Lee R. Chugg, J. Mollis Cordingley, Jonathan Floyd LaVar Barfuss, Gerald C. Webb. Lorenz Hortnagl, Jay H. Cook, Ralph L. McBride. C. Welch, Dale N. Moss, O. Glade Nelson. Seventeenth row: Philip R. Bloomquist, James E. Fifth row: Robert J. Halterman, Rosco Heppler, Tenth row: Marvin E. Harper, Stant S. Johnson, Linford, Doyle K. Morgan, Keith N. Johnson. Jr., Darrell E. Stucki, George Irvin Kirkland, Dale Guy B. Ray, Lloyd Hansen, Norman T. Erekson,

~~JUNE 1950 535 §~~

~~ADDRESS OF L.D.S. SERVICEMEN'S HOME~~

~~1104 24th St., Cor. 24th & "C," San Diego, Calif. §~~

~~if want you to know how much I enjoy The Improvement~~

* Era. I have read it for a number of years and I see the § Calgary, Alta., Canada £ progress and development of this magazine. It helps me Dear Editors: very much to understand more clearly the gospel and I am should like to express our gratitude for the tine read- glad to be able to read it in English. After reading this We ing in the Era. I have always had access to the Era magaziae I feel strengthened spiritually. it as I should in my parents' home and did not appreciate From the Argentina Mission I desire that the Lord may with a home of my own I look forward to the bless you and your work so that your magazine may grow have. Now, with wife, my son, and the Era, more than I year. evenings my every month, and leaders al- h did at home, and to follow the good advice our pages. % Sincerely yours, ways have for us in its again for a fine magazine, and I hope it continues Sister Betty Campi Thinks as educational and instructive as it is now. Sincerely /&' M. W. Forsyth Dear Editors: § JUST a few days after I was baptized in March 1948, I saw a copy of The Improvement Era for the first time; it THE LIGHT TOUCH is now my favorite magazine. State of Mind Through the pages of this magazine I have learned much about the pioneers of your great state and the teachings of the of A group of young men were working on a boring job Church. This has been a great inspiration to me and has assembly packing. helped me daily. t it was only ten o clock in the § One young man noticing twelve o'clock." .... Sincerely, morning said: "Oh, I wish it were him. I wish Sara Downs "Twelve o'clock, nothing," said a boy beside it were five o'clock." • v five o clocki on Someone else remarked, "I wish it were § Friday." Mexican Mission An older man was heard to say: "Just listen to them wishing % every hour as their lives away. As for me, I try to enjoy % Dear Editors: passes." it % $ WE of the Mexican Mission wish to thank you for the splendid work you are doing in publishing such a Too many people can't open their mouths without putting wonderful and interesting magazine. Especially do the mis- their feats in them. sionaries enjoy the publication because here in Mexico we are so isolated from the regular activities of the Church in $ the States. One day a group of men were building a mammoth wall. workers, "That s Your Brethren, A stranger walked up and said to one of the a mighty big job you have on your hands." Elder Merrill J. Langford isn't so bad. You Department of Literature The worker laughed and replied: "It do it one brick at a time." -<$~ Pine City, New York Point of View Dear Editors: A Texan was trying to impress upon a Bostonian the valor Though not a Latter-day Saint I wish to give the testi- of the heroes of the Alamo. "I bet you never had anyhody mony that the Era has been a source of hope and inspira- so brave around Boston," said the Texan. tion to me. "Did you ever hear of Paul Revere?" asked the Bostonian. "Paul Revere?" said the Texan. "Isn't he the guy who D. Milligan /s/ Thomas ran for help?"

~~Not Even One~~

"Who was the first man?" asked the visiting school inspector. "Adam!" shouted a number of boys. "Who," went on the inspector, "was the first woman?" "Eve " came the general shout. § "Who was the meekest man," went on the inspector. £ "Moses," came the reply. ? "And who was the meekest woman?" the inspector continued. & The class was silent. The children looked blankly at one another but none could answer. Finally a grimy little hand went up. SS "Well, and who was it?" asked the inspector. "There wasn t any," came the boy's reply. V

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