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1 Арктика и Север. 2014. № 17 ISSN 2221-2698 Arkhangelsk 2014. № 17 2 Арктика и Север. 2014. № 17 ISSN 2221-2698 Arctiс and North. 2014. N 17 electronic periodical © Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, 2014 © Editorial board of the electronic scientific journal “Arctic and North”, 2014 Published not less than four times per year The journal is registered at: Roskomnadzor as electronic periodical published in Russian and English. Registration certif- icate of the Federal Service for Supervision of Communications, Information Technologies and Mass Media El № FS77-42809 from November 26, 2010. The ISSN International Centre — world catalog of serials and ongoing resources. ISSN 2221- 2698, 23-24 March 2011. The system of Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI). License contract № 96-04/2011R from April 12, 2011. Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) — catalog of free access journals, 18.08.2013. Founder — FSAEI HPE Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov. The editorial board staff of the “Arctic and North” journal is published in the end of each issue be- fore the output data and http://narfu.ru/aan/ DOCS/redsovet.php Editor-in-Chief — Yury Fedorovich Lukin, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Honorary Worker of the higher school of the Russian Federation. Interdisciplinary electronic scientific journal “Arctic and North” is intended for wide au- dience both in Russia and abroad. The journal publishes articles in which the Arctic and the North are research objects, specif- ically in the following fields of science: history, economics, social sciences; political science (geopo- litics); ecology. The subject and contents of an article submitted for being published must corres- pond with the profile and the subject of the journal, feature scientific novelty, be of interest to specialists. All manuscripts are reviewed. The editorial board of the journal has the right to choose the most interesting and relevant materials which are published in the first place. All journal issues in Russian and English are available for free at the NArFU website: http://narfu.ru/aan/. The journal is neither published nor distributed in a printed form. The in- formation for authors is published at: http://narfu.ru/aan/author.php No payments for article publication are collected from authors, including students and postgraduate students; honorariums are not paid. The editorial board considers receiving manuscripts as an authors’ transfer of their rights to be published in the “Arctic and North” journal and placed in databases, including RSCI, DOAJ, Ulrichsweb, EBSCO Publishing etc., which assists to promote the publishing activity of the authors. We will be glad to see you among the authors of the “Arctic and North” journal! 3 Арктика и Север. 2014. № 17 CONTENTS Social Sciences. Politology. Economics Valeriy V., Borodin; Nikolay N., Vas’kov; Nikolay Y., Kalistratov; Andrey V., Larionov; Vladimir S., Nikitin; Vyacheslav M., Popov; Andrey V., Rusanov On the сreation and de- 5 velopment of specialized shipyard “Arctic – Shelf” Yury A., Varfolomeev Specifics of design and construction of low-rise buildings in the 23 Arctic Roman N., Zalyvskiy Threats of terrorism in the Russian Arctic 37 Dmitry P., Kondral Culture, synergy and balance of Northern Russia’s strategic manage- ment processes 51 Petr I., Tarasov Development of transport networks of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) 56 Evdokiya N., Fedorova; Galina A., Ponomareva Eastern Yakutia: demographic processes 68 in the post-Soviet period Ramil M., Yamilov Рositioning of Russia in the Arctic: problem aspects 80 Historical Sciences Yury F., Lukin Dvina Land: in search of identity 87 Sergey I., Shubin Stalin’s NeoNEP as the precursor of mass repressions of 1937-38s in the 105 European North Ecology Boris P., Vazhenin Specific character of relief and loose sediments forming in the coastal zone of tidal icy seas (in the context of the northern part of the Sea of Okhotsk) ecosys- 117 tem Larisa I., Zelenina ; Svetlana I., Fedkushova Modeling changes in climate indices of Arctic Regions (by the example of Arkhangelsk) 128 Lena B., Kim Influence of Polar time record on the oxygen transportation function of 137 blood of northerners of various age Moisey H., Shraga Noospheregenesis of the Arctic: forming environmental world outlook 151 of students 4 Арктика и Север. 2014. № 17 Review Natalia E., Koroleva Botanical Excursions on the Sørøya Island in Northern Norway 170 Pavel V., Fedorov Contribution to the study of history of the Kola North 172 Yury F., Lukin Five problems of Russian Arctic development 178 Yury F., Lukin Russian Arctic – Territory of Rights 182 Summary Authors 189 Editorial board 192 Output data 194 5 Арктика и Север. 2014. № 17 Social Sciences. Politology. Economics UDK 338.984/338.4 On the creation and development of specialized shipyard “Arctic – Shelf ” © Borodin Valeriy Victorovich, Chief of marine equipment production and civil shipbuilding of OJSC “PA “Sevmash”, Chief of the Commission on Marine Tech- nologies of the Russian Association for Science Assistance, member of Interna- tional Conference and Exhibition of Shipbuilding and Production of High-Tech Equipment for Continental Shelf Development “Offshore Marintec Russia” or- ganizing committee. E-mail: [email protected] © Vas’kov Nikolay Nikolaevich, Head of the Arkhangelsk branch of “Shipyard “Krasnaya Kuznitsa”, OJSC “Shipyard Center “Zvezdochka”. E-mail: [email protected] © Kalistratov Nikolay Yakovlevich, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Pro-rector — Director of NArFU branch in Seve- rodvinsk, laureate of the State Prize of the RF, Head of the Regional Department of the Mechanicians’ Alliance of Russia, honorary citizen of Severodvinsk. E-mail: [email protected] © Larionov Andrey Vladimirovich, project coordinator, member of the Region- al Department of the Mechanicians’ Alliance of Russia expert council, em- ployee of regional Scientific and Technical Association named after academi- cian A.N. Krylov, participant of construction of platform “Prirazlomnaya”. E- mail: [email protected] © Nikitin Vladimir Semenovich, Doctor of Technical Sciences, director general of OJSC “Ship Repair Center “Zvezdochka”, mem- ber of presidium of the Arkhangelsk Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the RAS, laureate of the State Prize of the RF, member of the Committee on Industrial Policy, Transport, Communication and Environment of the Regional Assembly of Deputies, honorary citizen of Severodvinsk. E-mail: [email protected] © Popov Vyacheslav Mikhailovich, Associate Professor at the Chair of Ship- building and Welding, Institute of Shipbuilding and Marine Arctic Equipment, NArFU branch in Severodvinsk, chairman of regional Scien- tific and Technical Association named after academician A. N. Krylov Council. E-mail: [email protected] © Rusanov Andrey Vladimirovich, regional Scientific and Technical Association named after academician A.N. Krylov, participant of con- struction of platform “Prirazlomnaya”. E-mail: [email protected] 6 Арктика и Север. 2014. № 17 Abstract. The article proposes the concept of a specialized shipyard business project, geographi- cally dispersed within the boundaries of the Arkhangelsk agglomeration, which aims to develop production cooperation, existing competencies and technologies in the creation of the Arctic ma- rine equipment and vessels Keywords: Arctic, shelf, vessels, sea platforms, topside facilities, modular units, expertise, special shipyard, technologies, shipbuilding Introduction Russia has entered the time of hydrocarbons’ development on the Arctic shelf. In a rela- tively short time it is essential to solve difficult engineer, organizational, managing and other chal- lenges. A complex of such challenges is considered to be a strategic state problem for current cen- tury. In the nearest ten years a practical exploitation of the Arctic region’s values sets a mission of creation and development of industrial infrastructure, which could be able to provide full function- ing of the Northern sea route and ecologically safe conduct of operations on prospecting and ex- ploitation of mineral resources in coastal areas and offshore zones including those at great depth and even under ice. These challenges face not only Russia, but also other countries of circumpolar basin. Reclamation of the Russian Arctic shelf Nowadays the main Russian companies who work on the Russian continental shelf are con- sidered to be OJSC «Gazprom», JSC «Rosneft’» and private company JSC «Lukoil». The company «Lukoil», which at the proper time created a sleet-proof oil terminal «Varandei» in the Pechora sea, nowadays works mostly on shelves of the Baltic and Caspian seas, and it would like to back to large-scale projects in the Arctic. Oil production license is now achieved by «Rosneft’» and «Gaz- prom». Also foreign states show interest and actively prepare themselves for Arctic values’ exploi- tation, but only those states, who are parties of the Arctic Council. According to the national approach, a question was escalated about coordination of work for all the interested companies, regions’ administration, scientific establishments, industrial and other enterprises and organizations of the country; the main issue concerned practical exploita- tion of the Arctic shelf, including ways of state-private partnership. Current circumstances speaking about exploitation of the shelf is alike a situation which took place in the USSR at the end of the 60s — beginning of the