DOCSLIB.ORG

Per-20 Geochemical Aspects of the Megacryst Suite

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Per-20 Geochemical Aspects of the Megacryst Suite PER-20 GEOCHEMICAL ASPECTS OF THE MEGACRYST SUITE FROM THE MONASTERY KIMBERLITE PIPE by W. R.O.JAKOB | ATOMIC ENERGY BOARD I pelindal..) / i PRETORIA 30 i*~\'$'.- j Republic of South Africa August 1977 3 i •:>:'::. MiK!ëliitebai!!gi88u»<(á$:<HHffl iliiiiiil Illi IflU.^SIÏilïiíïïjíl PER20-1 ATOMIC ENERGY BOARD GEOCHEMICAL ASPECTS Of THE MEGACRYST SUITE FROM THE MONASTERY KIMBERLITE PIPE by W.R.O. JAKOB* "Chemistry Division POSTAL ADDRESS: Private Rag X256 Pelindaba Preto.-ia August 1977 0001 ISBN 0 86960 667 0 GEOCHEMICAL ASPECTS OF THE MEGACRYST SUITE FROM THE MONASTERY KIMBERLITE PIPE W. R.O.JAKOB Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at the Department of Geochemistry of the University of Cape Town October 1977 2 CONTENTS Page SAMEVATTING 3 ABSTRACT 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 5 1. INTRODUCTION 6 2. SAMPLING AND LOCALITY DESCRIPTION 7 3. ANALYTICAL METHODS 9 4. ANALYTICAL RESULTS 9 4.1 Olivine 9 4.2 Orihopyroxene 10 4.3 Clinopyroxene 11 4.4 Garnet 12 4.5 llmenite 13 5. DISCUSSION 15 5.1 Clinopyroxene 15 5.2 Garnet 16 53 llmenite 18 5.4 Orthopyroxene 19 5.5 Olivine 22 6. GENERAL DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS 26 7. REFERENCES 28 8. APPENDICES: 34 APPENDIX I: DIAGRAMS 34 APPENDIX II: PLATES 47 APPENDIX III: TABLES 11 TO 2B 51 3 5AMEVATTING 3 Die Monastery kimberlietpyp in die Distrik Marquard, Oranje-Vrystaat, Suid-Afrika, het groot belangstclling in kimberlietstudies gaande gemaak omdat dit groot enkelkristalle (2— 20 cm) van olivien, enstaiiet, diopsied, granaat, ilmeniet en flogopiet/vermikuliet bevat- Daar is vasgestel dat at die silikate (behalwe flogopiet wat nie bestudeer is nie) met ilmeniet verband nou. Hierdie studie handel oor die chemie van die megakristalgroep. Hierdie homogene kristalle het groot verskille in chemiese samestelling. Die silikate wat met ilmeniet vergroei is, is altyd ryker aan yste: en armer aan chroom as die diskrete megakrtstalte. Die o/nwn-megakristalle kan in twee samestellingstrekke verdeel word met gemiddeldes naby Fo86 (0,3 tot 0,4 % NiO) en Fo 80 (0,06 tot 0,11 % NiO). Die oliviene wat meer magnesium bevat, het dikwels klein kimberlietinsluitsels met n samestelling soortgelyk aan die hoofsteengroeftipe kimberliet vanaf Monastery. Die ensfat/et-megakristalle bestaan uit twee groepe met verskillende samestellings. Glasagtige, homogene enstatiete met groot verskille in chemiese samestelling kom die minste in Monastery voor. Growwe reëlmatige en onreëlmatige vergroeiings van enstatiet en ilmeniet het uiters beperkte chemiese samestellings en hulle val binne die strek wat deur die homogene enstatiete bepaal word. Hierdie twee tipes bepaal die enstatiete Groep I. Die volopste is die gelaagde enstatiete Groep II wat by laer temperature in ewewig gekom het en cKoomdiopsied ± yanaat laat uitkristalliseer het. Hierdie enstatiete het wisselende Mg/Mg+Fe-verhoudings, maar, in teenstelling met die enstatiete Groep I, het hulle baie beperkte verskille in chemiese samestelling. Die diopsied-megakristaHe is subkalsium-diopsiede, arm aan chroom, met ongeveer 10 mol % yster. Gelaagde diopsied-ilmenietvergroeiings het groter Ca/Ca+Mg-verhoudings as dia diskrete diopsiede. Die diskrete pranaaf-megakristalle is chroomarme, titaanryke pirope met peridootaffiniteite. Seldsame vondsc van klein granaatinsluitsels in ilmenietmegakristalle het 'n baie lae chroominhc (<0,23% Cr203). Diskrete ilmenietmegaknitaUe is die megakristalmineraal wat die meeste in Monastery voor kom. Hulle het groter verskille in chemiese samestelling as die ilmeniete wat met silikaatminerale vergroei is. *cl<l™e-Mlg)8, vir ^*6 Monastery-megakristalle is konstant (granaat) of bykans konstant (diop>ied, enstatiet). Die samestellings van die megakristalle dui daarop dat ol fopx+cpx+gnt ± ilmeniet gelyktydig met die temperatuurinterval 1 400 tot 1 1S0°c by 'n druk van 42,5 ± 2 kbar bestaan het. Die diopsied- en enstatiettermometer het 'n temperatuurstrek van ongeveer 1 400 tot 1 250 °C vir die diskrete megakriitalle verskaf, en 1250 tot 1 150°C vir die ilmenietsilikaatvergroeiing». Die megakristalle het buite die diamantbestendigheidsgebied in ewewig gekom. Tussenelementverhoudings van die megakristalminerale en die groot verskille in chemiese samestelling dui daarop dat die Monastery-megakristalle gedurende 'n magmatiese voorval in die Bomantel uit 'n klein hoeveelheid smeltsel gevorm het, waarskynlik aan die einde van die Karoo vulkanisme. 4 ABSTRACT The Monastery Kimberlite pipe, situated in the Marquard District, Orange Free State, South Africa, has evoked much interest in kimberlite studies because it contains large single crystals (2— 20 cm) of olivine, enstatite, diopside, garnet, ilmenite and phlogopite/vermiculite. All the silicates (except for phlogopite, which was not studied) have been found associated with ilmenite. Th»s study is concerned with the chemistry of the megacryst suite. These homogeneous crystals have large ranges in chemical compor-fion. The silicates intergrown with ilmenite are always more iron-rich and poorer in chrome than the discrete megacrysts. The olivine megacrysts fall into two compositional ranges, with averages near Fo86 (0,3 to 0,4% NiO) and Fo80 (0,06 to 0,11 % NiO). The more-magnesian olivines often have small inclusions of kimberlite with a composition similar to the main Quarry-Type Kimberlite from Monastery. The enstatite megacrysts fall into two compositionally different groups. Least abundant at Monastery are glassy, homogeneous enstatites which have large ranges itt chemical composition. Coarse regular and irregular intergrowths of enstatite and ilmenite have very restricted chemical compositions which fall within the range defined by the homogeneous enstatites. These two types define Group I enstatites. The most abundant are the lamellar Group II enstatite, which re equilibrated at lower temperatures and have exsolved chrome diopside t garnet. These enstatites have variable Mg/Mg+Fe ratios, but otherwise have very restricted ranges in chemical composition, unlike the Group I enstatites. The diopside megacrysts are chrome-poor subcalcic diopsides with about 10 mole % iron. Oiopside-ilmenite lamellar intergrowths have higher Ca/Ca+Mg ratios than the discrete diopsides. The discrete garnet megacrysts are chrome poor high-titanium pyropes with peridotitic affinities. Rare finds of small garnet inclusions in ilmenite megacrysts are very low in chrome « 0,33 % 0203). Discrete ilmenite megacrysts are the most abundant megacryst minerals at Monastery. These have wider ranges in chemical composition than the ilmenites which are intergrown with silicate minerals. ^DI'FT-MIIV' *or tne Monastery megacrysts is constant (garnet) or nearly constant (diopside, enstatite). The compositions of the megacrysts indicate that ol+opx+cpx+gnt ± ilmenite coexisted within the temperature interval 1 400 to 1 150 °C, at 42,5 ± 2 kbar pressure. The diopside and enstatite solvi give temperature ranges of about 1 400 to 1 250 °C for the discrete megacryst», and 1 250 °C to 1 150 "C for the ilmenite-silicate intergrowths. The megacrysts equilibrated outside the diamond-stability field. Inter-element relationships of the megacryst minerals and the wide ranges in chemical composition suggest that the Monastery megacrysts formed from a small volume of melt during a magmatic event in the Upper Mantle, possibly at the end of the Karroo volcanism. 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work has benefitted from the assistance of the following members of staff of the University of Cape Town: Profs L. H. Ahrens and A.J tdank, tor permission 10 do this thesis on a part-time basis. J.J. Gurney for intioducing me to the field of kimberlite, for suggesting this project, and for most of the samples. This work could not have been compieted without his unfailing help, advice, encouragement and supervision. CJ- Hatton, for some of his computer programs. S.R. Rickaid for instructing me in the use of the microprobe, and for ensuring its efficient operation. Mrs D. Curney for typing the manuscript. Mrs S. Davids for the preparation of many grain mounts. D.G. Fraser of Oxford University, for discussions on Chapter 5.B. H.W. Fesq of NPRU, University of Witwatersrand, for many of his references. The Atomic Energy Board is thanked for permission to use its facilities during the final preparation of this work. In particular, I am indebted to the following: Mr P.E. Haskins for editing the manuscript. Reprograpnic Services for the final typesetting and reproduction. 6 1. INTRODUCTION Kimberlite is a volumetrically rare rock type, with its major occurrences on the stable shields of Southern Africa and Siberia. Two types of kimberlite am recognised. The hypabyssal facies kimberlite which intruded the surrounding rocks as dikes and sills, and the diatreme-facies kimberlite. Modern concepts visualise the latter to be emplaced as a cool (300 600 °C) crystal mush along fractures at depth, and to develop a gas-charged head during ascent, which results in an explosive breakthrough to the surface, forming a brecciated volcanic pipe. Due to adiabatic cooling resulting from expansion of the C02-rich phase, the diatreme-facies kimberlite consolidates in situ and shews little metamorphic effect on the surrounding rocks (Dawson, 1972). Kimberlite itself was most recently defined by Clement, Skinner and Scott (1977): "KIMBERLITE is a volatile-rich, potassic, ultrabasic, igneous rock which has a distinctively inequigranular texture resulting from the presence of macrocrysts set in an essentially microporphyritic matrix." Since the matrix consists
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Sampling and Estimation of Diamond Content in Kimberlite Based on Microdiamonds Johannes Ferreira
    Sampling and estimation of diamond content in kimberlite based on microdiamonds Johannes Ferreira To cite this version: Johannes Ferreira. Sampling and estimation of diamond content in kimberlite based on micro- diamonds. Other. Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2013. English. NNT : 2013ENMP0078. pastel-00982337 HAL Id: pastel-00982337 https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00982337 Submitted on 23 Apr 2014 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. N°: 2009 ENAM XXXX École doctorale n° 398: Géosciences et Ressources Naturelles Doctorat ParisTech T H È S E pour obtenir le grade de docteur délivré par l’École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris Spécialité “ Géostatistique ” présentée et soutenue publiquement par Johannes FERREIRA le 12 décembre 2013 Sampling and Estimation of Diamond Content in Kimberlite based on Microdiamonds Echantillonnage des gisements kimberlitiques à partir de microdiamants. Application à l’estimation des ressources récupérables Directeur de thèse : Christian LANTUÉJOUL Jury T M. Xavier EMERY, Professeur, Université du Chili, Santiago (Chili) Président Mme Christina DOHM, Professeur, Université du Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (Afrique du Sud) Rapporteur H M. Jean-Jacques ROYER, Ingénieur, HDR, E.N.S. Géologie de Nancy Rapporteur M.
    [Show full text]
  • Postal: PO Box 116, Ficksburg, 9730 Physical: 27 Voortrekker Street, Ficksburg Tel: 051 933 9300 Fax: 051 933 9309 Web: TABLE of CONTENTS
    Postal: PO Box 116, Ficksburg, 9730 Physical: 27 Voortrekker Street, Ficksburg Tel: 051 933 9300 Fax: 051 933 9309 Web: http://www2.setsoto.info/ TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................3 List of Maps ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................4 List of Tables ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................5 List of Acronyms ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................7 Definitions ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................8
    [Show full text]
  • GSA TODAY Conference, P
    Vol. 10, No. 2 February 2000 INSIDE • GSA and Subaru, p. 10 • Terrane Accretion Penrose GSA TODAY Conference, p. 11 A Publication of the Geological Society of America • 1999 Presidential Address, p. 24 Continental Growth, Preservation, and Modification in Southern Africa R. W. Carlson, F. R. Boyd, S. B. Shirey, P. E. Janney, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5241 Broad Branch Road, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20015, USA, [email protected] T. L. Grove, S. A. Bowring, M. D. Schmitz, J. C. Dann, Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA D. R. Bell, J. J. Gurney, S. H. Richardson, M. Tredoux, A. H. Menzies, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa D. G. Pearson, Department of Geological Sciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK R. J. Hart, Schonland Research Center, University of Witwater- srand, P.O. Box 3, Wits 2050, South Africa A. H. Wilson, Department of Geology, University of Natal, Durban, South Africa D. Moser, Geology and Geophysics Department, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0111, USA ABSTRACT To understand the origin, modification, and preserva- tion of continents on Earth, a multidisciplinary study is examining the crust and upper mantle of southern Africa. Xenoliths of the mantle brought to the surface by kimber- lites show that the mantle beneath the Archean Kaapvaal Figure 2. Bouguer gravity image (courtesy of South African Council for Geosciences) craton is mostly melt-depleted peridotite with melt extrac- across Vredefort impact structure, South Africa. Color scale is in relative units repre- senting total gravity variation of 90 mgal across area of figure.
    [Show full text]
  • Report Ladybrand Maseru N8 Enviro 2013
    3 JUNE 2013 FIRST PHASE ARCHAEOLOGICAL & HERITAGE ASSESSMENT OF THE PROPOSED REALIGNMENT OF THE N8 NATIONAL ROAD BETWEEN THE R26/N8 INTERSECTION & MASERU BRIDGE BORDER POST, LADYBRAND, FREE STATE EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The N8 national road provides a vital link between Lesotho and South Africa. To improve the road connection, the South African National Road Agency LTD, is planning the realignment of a section of the N8 Ladybrand and the Maseru Bridge Border Post. The realignment will start from the existing N8/R26 intersection and will follow the S836 gravel road to tie in along the N8 between Ladybrand and the Maseru Bridge. The length of the realignment is approximately 13 kilometres. The whole region is part of intensive agricultural land, which has been cultivated for decades. Scars left by road building are also visible. No archaeological, cultural or any historical remains were found along the route. It is clear that the new developments will have no impact on any cultural heritage and historical remains in the area. Further planning of the proposed project may continue, and no mitigation measures will be needed. INTRODUCTION & DESCRIPTION Enviroworks Environmental Consultants from Bloemfontein had been commissioned by the National Roads Agency to compile the Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed developments. 2 A list of the names and particulars of effected farm owners is enclosed herewith (See ANNEXURE 1). Scope and Limitations SANRAL is planning the realignment of a section of the N8 between the N8/R26 intersection near Ladybrand and the Maseru Bridge Border Post. The relocation of the road will start from the existing N8/R26 intersection and will follow the S836 gravel road to link-up with the N8 between Ladybrand and the Maseru Bridge.
    [Show full text]
  • Provincial Gazette Provinsiale Koerant
    Provincial Provinsiale Gazette Koerant Free State Province Provinsie Vrystaat Published byAuthority Uitgegee opGesag No. 79 FRIDAY, 03 OCTOBER 2008 No. 79 VRYDAG, 03 OKTOBER 2008 No. Index Page No. Inhoud Bladsy PROCLAMATIONS PROKLAMASIES 48 Declaration of Township: Helicon Heights: 48 Dorpsverklaring: Helicon Hoogte: Extension 7 ,................................................... 2 Uitbreiding 7 2 49 Amendment of the Town-Planning Scheme of 49 Wysiging van die Dorpsaanlegskema van Clarens , , 3 Clarens ,................................. 3 PF10VINCIAL NOTICES PROVINSIALE KENNISGEWINGS 330 Removal of Restrictions Act, 1967 (Act No. 84of 1967): 330 Wet opOpheffing van Beperkings, 1967 (Wet No. 84van Langenhoven Park: Erf924 6 1967): Langenhovenpark: Erf924 ,..,........ 6 331 Removal of Restrictions Act, 1967 (ActNo. 84of 1967): 331 Wet opOpheffing van Beperkings, 1967 (Wet No. 84van Bloemfontein (Extension 32): (Oranjesig) 6 1967): Bloemfontein (Uitbreiding 32): (Oranjesig) 6 332 Removal of Restrictions Act, 1967 (ActNo. 84of 1967): 332 Wet opOpheffing van Beperkings, 1967 (Wet No. 84 van Bloemfontein: Erf2050 (Waverley) .....,.................... 7 1967): Bloemfontein: Erf 2050 (Waverley) 7 333 Removal of Restrictions Act, 1967 (Act No. 84of 1967) 333 Wet opOpheffing van Beperkings, 1967 (Wet No. 84van Bloemfontein: Erf7103 (Wilgehof) 7 1967): Bloemfontein: Erf7103 (Wilgehof) 7 334 Removal of Restrictions Act, 1967 (Act No. 84of 1967): 334 Wet opOpheffing van Beperkings, 1967 (Wet No. 84 van Clarens 8 1967): Clarens 8 335 Removal of Restrictions Act, 1967 (Act No. 84of 1967): 335 Wet opOpheffing van Beperkings, 1967 (Wet No. 84 van Bloemfontein: Erf533 (Arboretum) ...,. ..,......,......... 8 1967): Bloemfontein: Erf533(Arboretum) ,., ,.,.. 8 336 Removal of Restrictions Act, 1967 (Act No. 84of 1967): 336 Wet opOpheffing van Beperkings, 1967 (Wet No. 84van Sasolburg '......'..................................................... 8 1967): Sasolburg ,., ,.., ,.......
    [Show full text]
  • South Africa)
    FREE STATE PROFILE (South Africa) Lochner Marais University of the Free State Bloemfontein, SA OECD Roundtable on Higher Education in Regional and City Development, 16 September 2010 [email protected] 1 Map 4.7: Areas with development potential in the Free State, 2006 Mining SASOLBURG Location PARYS DENEYSVILLE ORANJEVILLE VREDEFORT VILLIERS FREE STATE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT VILJOENSKROON KOPPIES CORNELIA HEILBRON FRANKFORT BOTHAVILLE Legend VREDE Towns EDENVILLE TWEELING Limited Combined Potential KROONSTAD Int PETRUS STEYN MEMEL ALLANRIDGE REITZ Below Average Combined Potential HOOPSTAD WESSELSBRON WARDEN ODENDAALSRUS Agric LINDLEY STEYNSRUST Above Average Combined Potential WELKOM HENNENMAN ARLINGTON VENTERSBURG HERTZOGVILLE VIRGINIA High Combined Potential BETHLEHEM Local municipality BULTFONTEIN HARRISMITH THEUNISSEN PAUL ROUX KESTELL SENEKAL PovertyLimited Combined Potential WINBURG ROSENDAL CLARENS PHUTHADITJHABA BOSHOF Below Average Combined Potential FOURIESBURG DEALESVILLE BRANDFORT MARQUARD nodeAbove Average Combined Potential SOUTPAN VERKEERDEVLEI FICKSBURG High Combined Potential CLOCOLAN EXCELSIOR JACOBSDAL PETRUSBURG BLOEMFONTEIN THABA NCHU LADYBRAND LOCALITY PLAN TWEESPRUIT Economic BOTSHABELO THABA PATSHOA KOFFIEFONTEIN OPPERMANSDORP Power HOBHOUSE DEWETSDORP REDDERSBURG EDENBURG WEPENER LUCKHOFF FAURESMITH houses JAGERSFONTEIN VAN STADENSRUST TROMPSBURG SMITHFIELD DEPARTMENT LOCAL GOVERNMENT & HOUSING PHILIPPOLIS SPRINGFONTEIN Arid SPATIAL PLANNING DIRECTORATE ZASTRON SPATIAL INFORMATION SERVICES ROUXVILLE BETHULIE
    [Show full text]
  • The Bushveld Igneous Complex
    The Bushveld Igneous Complex THE GEOLOGY OF SOUTH AFRICA’S PLATINUM RESOURCES By C. A. Cousins, MSC. Johannesburg Consolidated Investment Company Limited A vast composite body of plutonic and volcanic rock in the central part of the Transvaal, the Bushveld igneous complex includes the platinum reef worked by Rustenburg Platinum Mines Limited and constituting the world’s greatest reserve of the platinum metals. This article describes the geological and economic aspects of this unusually interesting formation. In South Africa platinum occurs chiefly in square miles. Two of these areas lie at the the Merensky Reef, which itself forms part of eastern and western ends of the Bushveld and the Bushveld igneous complex, an irregular form wide curved belts, trending parallel to oval area of some 15,000 square miles occupy- the sedimentary rocks which they overlie, and ing a roughly central position in the province dipping inwards towards the centre of the of the Transvaal. A geological map of the Bushveld at similar angles. The western belt area, which provides the largest known has a flat sheet-like extension reaching the example of this interesting type of formation, western boundary of the Transvaal. The is shown on the facing page. third area extends northwards and cuts out- The complex rests upon a floor of sedi- side the sedimentary basin. Its exact relation- mentary rocks of the Transvaal System. This ship to the other outcrops within the basin floor is structurally in the form of an immense has not as yet been solved. oval basin, three hundred miles long and a As the eastern and western belts contain hundred miles broad.
    [Show full text]
  • South African Jewish Board of Deputies Report of The
    The South African Jewish Board of Deputies JL 1r REPORT of the Executive Council for the period July 1st, 1933, to April 30th, 1935. To be submitted to the Eleventh Congress at Johannesburg, May 19th and 20th, 1935. <י .H.W.V. 8. Co י É> S . 0 5 Americanist Commiitae LIBRARY 1 South African Jewish Board of Deputies. EXECUTIVE COUNCIL. President : Hirsch Hillman, Johannesburg. Vice-President» : S. Raphaely, Johannesburg. Morris Alexander, K.C., M.P., Cape Town. H. Moss-Morris, Durban. J. Philips, Bloemfontein. Hon. Treasurer: Dr. Max Greenberg. Members of Executive Council: B. Alexander. J. Alexander. J. H. Barnett. Harry Carter, M.P.C. Prof. Dr. S. Herbert Frankel. G. A. Friendly. Dr. H. Gluckman. J. Jackson. H. Katzenellenbogen. The Chief Rabbi, Prof. Dr. j. L. Landau, M.A., Ph.D. ^ C. Lyons. ^ H. H. Morris Esq., K.C. ^י. .B. L. Pencharz A. Schauder. ^ Dr. E. B. Woolff, M.P.C. V 2 CONSTITUENT BODIES. The Board's Constituent Bodies are as. follows :— JOHANNESBURG (Transvaal). 1. Anykster Sick Benefit and Benevolent Society. 2. Agoodas Achim Society. 3. Beth Hamedrash Hagodel. 4. Berea Hebrew Congregation. 5. Bertrams Hebrew Congregation. 6. Braamfontein Hebrew Congregation. 7. Chassidim Congregation. 8. Club of Polish Jews. 9. Doornfontein Hebrew:: Congregation.^;7 10. Eastern Hebrew Benevolent Society. 11. Fordsburg Hebrew Congregation. 12. Grodno Sifck Benefit and Benevolent Society. 13. Habonim. 14. Hatechiya Organisation. 15. H.O.D. Dr. Herzl Lodge. 16. H.O.D. Sir Moses Montefiore Lodge. 17. Jeppes Hebrew Congregation, 18. Johannesburg Jewish Guild. 19. Johannesburg Jewish Helping Hand and Burial Society.
    [Show full text]
  • 2021 BROCHURE the LONG LOOK the Pioneer Way of Doing Business
    2021 BROCHURE THE LONG LOOK The Pioneer way of doing business We are an international company with a unique combination of cultures, languages and experiences. Our technologies and business environment have changed dramatically since Henry A. Wallace first founded the Hi-Bred Corn Company in 1926. This Long Look business philosophy – our attitude toward research, production and marketing, and the worldwide network of Pioneer employees – will always remain true to the four simple statements which have guided us since our early years: We strive to produce the best products in the market. We deal honestly and fairly with our employees, sales representatives, business associates, customers and stockholders. We aggressively market our products without misrepresentation. We provide helpful management information to assist customers in making optimum profits from our products. MADE TO GROW™ Farming is becoming increasingly more complex and the stakes ever higher. Managing a farm is one of the most challenging and critical businesses on earth. Each day, farmers have to make decisions and take risks that impact their immediate and future profitability and growth. For those who want to collaborate to push as hard as they can, we are strivers too. Drawing on our deep heritage of innovation and breadth of farming knowledge, we spark radical and transformative new thinking. And we bring everything you need — the high performing seed, the advanced technology and business services — to make these ideas reality. We are hungry for your success and ours. With us, you will be equipped to ride the wave of changing trends and extract all possible value from your farm — to grow now and for the future.
    [Show full text]
  • Open Kosei.Pdf
    The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School Department of Geosciences GEOCHEMISTRY OF ARCHEAN–PALEOPROTEROZOIC BLACK SHALES: THE EARLY EVOLUTION OF THE ATMOSPHERE, OCEANS, AND BIOSPHERE A Thesis in Geosciences by Kosei Yamaguchi Copyright 2002 Kosei Yamaguchi Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 2002 We approve the thesis of Kosei Yamaguchi Date of Signature ____________________________________ _______________________ Hiroshi Ohmoto Professor of Geochemistry Thesis Advisor Chair of Committee ____________________________________ _______________________ Michael A. Arthur Professor of Geosciences ____________________________________ _______________________ Lee R. Kump Professor of Geosciences ____________________________________ _______________________ Raymond G. Najjar Associate Professor of Meteorology ____________________________________ _______________________ Peter Deines Professor of Geochemistry Associate Head for Graduate Program and Research in Geosciences iii ABSTRACT When did the Earth's surface environment become oxic? The timing and mechanism of the rise of atmospheric pO2 level in the early Precambrian have been long debated but no consensus has been reached. The oxygenation of the atmosphere and oceans has significant impacts on the evolution of the biosphere and the geochemical cycles of redox-sensitive elements. In order to constrain the evolution of the atmosphere, oceans, biosphere, and geochemical cycles of elements, a systematic and multidisciplinary
    [Show full text]
  • Curator 9-2 Cover.Qxd
    Volume 9 Number 2 GEOLOGICAL CURATORS’ GROUP Registered Charity No. 296050 The Group is affiliated to the Geological Society of London. It was founded in 1974 to improve the status of geology in museums and similar institutions, and to improve the standard of geological curation in general by: - holding meetings to promote the exchange of information - providing information and advice on all matters relating to geology in museums - the surveillance of collections of geological specimens and information with a view to ensuring their well being - the maintenance of a code of practice for the curation and deployment of collections - the advancement of the documentation and conservation of geological sites - initiating and conducting surveys relating to the aims of the Group. 2009 COMMITTEE Chairman Helen Fothergill, Plymouth City Museum and Art Gallery: Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AJ, U.K. (tel: 01752 304774; fax: 01752 304775; e-mail: [email protected]) Secretary David Gelsthorpe, Manchester Museum, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K. (tel: 0161 3061601; fax: 0161 2752676; e-mail: [email protected] Treasurer John Nudds, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K. (tel: +44 161 275 7861; e-mail: [email protected]) Programme Secretary Steve McLean, The Hancock Museum, The University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4PT, U.K. (tel: 0191 2226765; fax: 0191 2226753; e-mail: [email protected]) Editor of Matthew Parkes, Natural History Division, National Museum of Ireland, Merrion Street, The Geological Curator Dublin 2, Ireland (tel: 353 (0)87 1221967; e-mail: [email protected]) Editor of Coprolite Tom Sharpe, Department of Geology, National Museums and Galleries of Wales, Cathays Park, Cardiff CF10 3NP, Wales, U.K.
    [Show full text]
  • Rademan Radiometric 2018.Pdf (11.89Mb)
    Radiometric dating and stratigraphic reassessment of the Elliot and Clarens formations; near Maphutseng and Moyeni, Kingdom of Lesotho, southern Africa Ms. Zandri Rademan, 16964063 Thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science at University of Stellenbosch Supervisor: Dr. R. T. Tucker (University of Stellenbosch) Co-advisor: Dr. E. M. Bordy (University of Cape Town) Department of Earth Sciences Faculty of Science RSA December 2018 Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za DECLARATION By submitting this dissertation electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained herein is my own, original work, that I am the sole author thereof (except where explicitly otherwise stated), that reproduction and publication thereof by Stellenbosch University will not infringe any third-party rights and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. Date: December 2018 Copyright © 2018 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Firstly, I would like to thank my supervisor, Dr. R. T. Tucker (University of Stellenbosch), for his guidance throughout this project. Thank you for allowing this paper to be my own work; yet, steering me in the right direction whenever I hit a speed-bump and careened off the path. Thank you for your patience through all the blood, sweat and tears, it’s been quite the journey. My utmost gratitude goes to Dr. E. M. Bordy (University of Cape Town) for taking me under her wing and granting me the opportunity to tackle this project, as well as graciously offering advice and aid from her great well of expertise.
    [Show full text]