Annual Report 2013-14

Integrating biodiversity science for human well-being

ICSU IUBS SCOPE UNESCO DIVERSITAS is an international, non-governmental programme with a dual mission: to promote an integrative biodiversity science, linking biological, ecological and social disciplines in an effort to produce socially relevant new knowledge; and to provide the scientific basis for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity.

© DIVERSITAS 2014 ISSN: 1813-7105 ISBN: 978-2-918797-04-03 Design: Maro Haas, Les Lilas, France Printed by STIPA on 100% recycled paper. Photo credits: Cover: Shutterstock_N Nachiangmai / P M Beesley / Shutterstock_Aodaodaodaod / IStock_Hadynyah / Shutterstock_Nejren photo / Shutterstock_D R Audette n p.1: Shutterstock_A Ivanov / Shutterstock_Hanginpixels / Shutterstock_Adisa n p.2: Shutterstock_I Pasternak n p.3: P Leadley n p.5: G Asner n p.6: Shutterstock_M Hero n p.7: C Ziter n p.8: K Payet-Lebourges / Shutterstock_Udompeter n p.9: J Montana n p.10: C Ziter / J Montana n p.11: Shutterstock_Bildagentur Zoonar GmbH / IStock_Kailash Soni / Shutterstock_ Zelenenka Yuliia n p.12: Shutterstock_Vindhay / Shutterstock_Coffee Chocolates / Shutterstock_S Pavone / Shutterstock_Digitalpark / Shutterstock_J Sanchez n p.25: Shutterstock_V Melnikov n p.26: C Egevang/ARC-PIC.com / E Spehn n p.27: E Spehn / IISD n p.28: Shutterstock_J Volfova n p.29: IPBES / IISD n p.31: K Payet-Lebourges n p.32: ISSD n p.33: K Payet-Lebourges n p.45: Shutterstock_Cooper / Shutterstock_Vinhdav / Shutterstock_G Powell n p.49: DIVERSITAS n p.50: Shutterstock_E Kovaley / Shutterstock_R B Lilley n Inside back cover: Shutterstock_Viet Gallery/ Shutterstock_Tom Tom

DIVERSITAS, 2014. DIVERSITAS Annual Report 2013-2014: Integrating biodiversity science for human well-being. 52 pp.

2 DIVERSITAS ANNUAL REPORT 2009 CONTENT

FOREWORD 3 From the Chair and the Executive Director

SECTION 1 - Key developments 5 Future Earth 7 DIVERSITAS transitions into Future Earth 9 DIVERSITAS celebration

SECTION 2 - Research Projects 11 Implementing the framework for integrated biodiversity science SECTION 5 - Policy 12 International Project Offices’ contacts 31 DIVERSITAS at the interface between science 14 bioGENESIS and policy making: contributing to the work of 15 bioDISCOVERY Conventions 16 ecoSERVICES (including FW-BD, agroBD) - Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) 18 ecoHEALTH - Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) 20 Global Mountain Biodiversity Assessment (GMBA) - Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 21 Biodiversity and urbanisation (bioSUSTAINABILITY) 22 Global Water System Project (GWSP) SECTION 6 - Publications and Events 23 Global Environmental Change and Human Health 35 List of publications (GECHH) 42 List of events 23 Global Carbon Project (GCP) 24 Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security SECTION 7 - National Committees (CCAFS) 45 Expanding network strengthens international framework SECTION 3 - Observations

25 Group on Earth Observations-Biodiversity Observation Network (GEO BON) 47 People: Committees and Secretariat 50 Financial Summary SECTION 4 - Assessment 51 Acknowledgements 27 DIVERSITAS at the interface between science and 52 Acronyms policy making: contributing to assessments Getting involved… 28 The Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) – Global Biodiversity Outlook 4

DIVERSITAS I ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 1 2 DIVERSITAS I ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 FOREWORD From the Chair and the Executive Director

The 2013-14 period has again been a rich one for DIVERSITAS. In addition to overseeing the projects activities, fulfilling our science-policy mandates, contributing to the development of the early stages of Future Earth, DIVERSITAS was strongly committed to design and Data) and capacity building functions bioGENESIS, ecoHEALTH, ecoSERVICES, oversee a successful transition of its of IPBES, and addressing issues related GMBA), the newly funded Future Earth activities to Future Earth. to working with indigenous and local Fast track initiative on IPBES, and also knowledge systems, during the whole under the auspices of ICSU. Contribution to the first IPBES period of the programme of work. programme of work Launch of the 4th edition of the Following calls for experts, it was Global Biodiversity Outlook The second Plenary of IPBES (December gratifying for DIVERSITAS that over 2013, Antalya, Turkey) approved the half of the nominated experts from its The 4th edition of the Global IPBES conceptual framework and the community were selected to participate Biodiversity Outlook (GBO-4) is IPBES programme of work for the in the working groups appointed to a landmark document to monitor 2014-2018 period. Responding to its implement this programme of work. progress towards meeting the 20 mandate, IPBES will carry regional Participation of the DIVERSITAS Aichi Biodiversity Targets, and review and global assessments, and already community cut across all the potential actions to accelerate started some thematic (pollination and IPBES deliverables. In addition, a this progress. GBO-4 also provides food production) and methodological dedicated support to the task force on recommendations to achieve the 2050 (different conceptualisation of values of Knowledge and Data was offered by the vision of the Convention to Biological biodiversity, and scenarios analyses and DIVERSITAS network. Diversity, and to the importance of modelling) assessments. In addition, and biodiversity and ecosystem services for in contrast to IPCC, the IPBES Plenary DIVERSITAS contributions to the IPBES sustainable development. As such it is appointed three task forces, which process, especially as a scientific arm a key input to the on-going discussions will be responsible for advancing the to its programme of work, will continue on the UN post 2015 process developing generation of knowledge (Knowledge and through its projects (bioDISCOVERY, Sustainable Development Goals.

DIVERSITAS I ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 3 DIVERSITAS, with its partners, led the role in the DIVERSITAS science-policy services representing a broad range of technical review of the Aichi targets, the activities, which include contributions disciplines (e.g. taxonomy, ecosystem development of scenarios and models to to policy processes and fora (e.g. SDGs functioning, economy, anthropology) assess future trends, and the publication development, CBD), to assessment and key societal areas (e.g. health, of these results in the CBD Technical mechanisms (e.g. IPBES, GBO), and food, water), or as representatives of Series 78 “Progress towards the Aichi observation mechanisms (e.g. GEO BON, the national networks (i.e. National biodiversity targets: an assessment of GBIF). In addition, the coordination and Committees), funders of our activities, biodiversity trends, policy scenarios and facilitation role played by the DIVERSITAS or partners representing a broad range of key actions”. This technical document Scientific Committee and the Secretariat stakeholders (e.g. scientific organisations, and the GBO-4 were both released with is transferred to Future Earth and its policy fora, conservation NGOs). great success at COP12 (October 2014, partners from the Alliance for Global Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea). The Sustainability. DIVERSITAS is particularly grateful to its technical document was presented and large community, which has generated discussed during side events, at the In line with this transition, DIVERSITAS many great achievements that were plenary and at the high level segment. gathered its community on 30 September highlighted during the DIVERSITAS 2014 to celebrate its 23 years of activity celebration in Seville. The greatest and its transition to a new era of more challenge and success has been to DIVERSITAS entering into its third integration in sustainability science under establish a very well-recognised, diverse phase with Future Earth Future Earth. The celebration included and enthusiastic scientific network on a hundred guests representing present biodiversity and ecosystem services DIVERSITAS has continued to support the and past members of the DIVERSITAS standing ready to address new challenges. development of Future Earth on different community, sampling the much larger Over the years, this network has been fronts, including contribution to the DIVERSITAS community of circa 5,000 able to make step changes in conducting development of Future Earth strategic members. In a very positive and biodiversity research and in building new research priorities, to the governing friendly atmosphere it showcased the partnerships with other stakeholder and processes (particulary in relation to the achievements and legacy of DIVERSITAS policy communities. We fully trust it will core projects governance), to shaping the and highlighted new opportunities for continue in the future. science-policy interface and providing biodiversity science brought by Future inputs to the operationalization of Future Earth. The celebration was also an DIVERSITAS is more than a sum of its Earth Secretariat. opportunity to express gratitude to many parts; it is a large, diverse, committed, staff, project and programme members, enthusiastic, friendly and fun network, with In parallel, the DIVERSITAS community has partners and collaborators for their hard which it has been a great privilege to work. been working to transition all activities to work and good spirit over many years. Future Earth. The DIVERSITAS portfolio of Georgina Mace, its projects was restructured to reflect the We would like to invite the overall Chair Scientific Committee of DIVERSITAS latest research advances and the priority DIVERSITAS community to join the Future areas within Future Earth. The DIVERSITAS Earth endeavor in their capacity as experts Anne-Hélène Prieur-Richard, projects are also taking leadership in the fields of biodiversity and ecosystem Executive Director, DIVERSITAS

4 DIVERSITAS I ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 FUTURE EARTH: RESEARCH FOR GLOBAL SUSTAINABILITY www.futureearth.org/

Future Earth is a 10-year international research programme launched in June 2012, at the UN Conference on Social Science Council (ISSC), Sustainable Development (Rio+20), that the Belmont Forum of funding will provide the knowledge and support agencies, the United Nations to accelerate our transformations to a Educational, Scientific, and sustainable world. Bringing together Cultural Organisation (UNESCO), the Establishment of the Executive and in partnership with existing Global United Nations Environment Programme Secretariat Environmental Change programmes (UNEP), the United Nations University (DIVERSITAS, IGBP, IHDP and WCRP), (UNU), and the World Meteorological The selection of a consortium to host Future Earth will be an international Organisation as an observer. the Future Earth Executive Secretariat hub to coordinate new, interdisciplinary was announced in July 2014 by the approaches to research. It will also be a Alliance. The consortium comprises platform for international engagement I- Recent developments (2013-14) five global hubs located in Canada to ensure that knowledge is generated (Montreal), France (Paris), Japan in partnership with society and users of Future Earth Engagement Committee (Tokyo), Sweden (Stockholm) and the science. It is open to scientists of all United States (Boulder, Colorado). These disciplines, natural and social, as well The interim Engagement Committee hubs will function as a single entity, and as engineering, the humanities and law. and Engagement Committee were are complemented by a set of regional appointed respectively in October 2013 hubs which today cover the Middle East Future Earth is sponsored by the and in November 2014 (see pages 48- and North Africa, Latin America, Europe Science and Technology Alliance for 49). The Engagement Committee was and Asia. These regional structures are Global Sustainability (the Alliance), appointed by the Alliance, and a further also being developed to ensure broader comprising the International Council three members will be announced by geographical representation and global for Science (ICSU), the International the Alliance shortly. diversity in the running of Future Earth.

SECTION 1 I KEY DEVELOPMENTS 5 4) Building healthy, resilient and productive cities 5) Promoting sustainable rural futures 6) Improving human health by incorporating global change concerns 7) Encouraging sustainable consumption and production patterns 8) Improving governance and early warning systems to respond to complex future threats

Future Earth will be organised around three research themes:

Publication of the Future Earth Strategic some of today’s most pressing global ZZ Dynamic Planet Research Agenda and Future Earth 2025 environmental challenges. Observing, explaining, understanding, Vision and projecting earth, environmental, Stakeholder forum and societal system trends, drivers and The vision of Future Earth is for people processes and their interactions as well to thrive in an equitable and sustainable Organised by the Alliance, the 2014 as anticipating global thresholds and world. A document outlining an ambitious, Future Earth Forum took place on the 24 risks. holistic framework for achieving this vision September 2014 at the State University of was published in November 2014, and New York Global Center in New York City ZZ Global Sustainable Development followed by the publication of the Future on the heels of the UN Climate Summit, Developing knowledge to address Earth Strategic Research Agenda in December and brought together thought-leaders the pressing needs of humanity for 2014. The latter document, which has been from the business, media, policy and sustainable, secure and fair stewardship informed by extensive consultation with research communities to help co-design of food, water, biodiversity, energy, scientists and societal partners, sets out the Future Earth research agenda. materials and other ecosystem priorities for research that will accelerate functions and services. transitions to sustainable development. II. Future Earth science in a nutshell ZZ Transformation towards First funded activities: Fast Track The global sustainability challenges Sustainability Initiatives and Clusters driving interdisciplinary science in Understanding transformation Future Earth are: processes and options, assessing how In August 2014, eight new Fast Track these relate to human values and Initiatives and Cluster Activities were 1) Delivering water, energy, and food for all behaviour, emerging technologies awarded a total of US$ 850,400, fully 2) Decoupling carbon emissions from and social and economic development supported by the US National Science economic growth pathways, and evaluating strategies Foundation. The initiatives encourage 3) Safeguarding land, freshwater and for governing and managing the global transdisciplinary collaboration on marine natural assets environment across sectors and scales.

6 DIVERSITAS I ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 DIVERSITAS TRANSITION TO FUTURE EARTH www.futureearth.org/

I- DIVERSITAS vision for Future Earth

DIVERSITAS is in full support of Future vision of the Convention on Biological bioSUSTAINABILITY (except the Earth as a framework for integrated Diversity: urban-related activities) were merged global environmental change science for into bioGENESIS, bioDISCOVERY and sustainability. DIVERSITAS worked with By 2050, biodiversity is ecoSERVICES. Future Earth to ensure the appropriate valued,“ conserved, restored ZZ representation of biodiversity, ecosystem and wisely used, maintaining bioGENESIS, bioDISCOVERY, functioning, and ecosystem services ecoSERVICES, ecoHEALTH, and GMBA in its scientific portfolio. Genetic ecosystem services, sustaining are transitioning towards Future Earth. diversity, along with evolutionary and a healthy planet and delivering In 2014, each project developed a ecological processes, provides the only benefits essential for all project statement and submitted it, means whereby biotic components of people. together with an MoU, to Future Earth. ecosystems can adapt to the rapidly changing environment. The interplay ” ZZ Some discussions are on-going to between ecological systems and human II- Transitioning to Future Earth merge the urban-related activities behaviour, values, and institutions must of bioSUSTAINABILITY with other also be better addressed in order to have The SC-DIVERSITAS oversaw the transition urban-related activities of the Global an impact on the underlying drivers of process of its projects and science-policy Environmental Change programmes. biodiversity changes. It is therefore key to activities during the period mid 2013-2014. This process will be facilitated by the study biodiversity as part of an integrated newly funded Future Earth Cluster social–ecological system as Future Earth The DIVERSITAS project portfolio was Activity on urbanisation. proposes to do. reviewed and restructured in the context of the transition to Future Earth: At the closure of DIVERSITAS (31 The vision outlined above is embedded December 2014) and following up the in the DIVERSITAS vision 2012-2020 ZZ The activities of agroBIODIVERSITY, signature of the Future Earth MoU, the (Larigauderie et al. 2012) and the 2050 freshwaterBIODIVERSITY, and administration of these DIVERSITAS

SECTION 1 I KEY DEVELOPMENTS 7 projects is transferred to the Future Earth Strategic Research Agenda published in the call for nomination for the Future Secretariat. December 2014. Earth Engagement Committee.

The DIVERSITAS projects are taking ZZ Participation of the DIVERSITAS ZZ Successful response to the Future leadership roles in the DIVERSITAS projects Science Officers and Secretariat Earth call for Fast Track Initiatives science-policy activities, which include to the work of the Future Earth Task and Cluster Activities with, among contributions to policy processes and Forces, thus helping the Future Earth the 8 selected proposals, 3 activities fora (e.g. SDGs development, CBD), to secretariat to shape its work e.g. on led by DIVERSITAS projects, and their assessment mechanisms (e.g. IPBES, GBO), the project governance, science-policy participation in 3 others. observation mechanisms (e.g. GEO BON, interface, and observation. GBIF). In addition, the coordination and ZZ Second meeting of the Global facilitation role played by the DIVERSITAS ZZ Presentation and promotion of Future Environmental Change projects, Scientific Committee and Secretariat is Earth at science-policy events such 20-22 January 2014 in Washington transferred to Future Earth and partners of as the participation of Anne-Hélène DC, USA, in which all DIVERSITAS the Alliance for Global Sustainability. Prieur-Richard in a plenary panel at the projects Science Officers and Scientific Convention on Biological DIVERSITAS Committee Chairs or representatives SBSTTA17, or her participation in took part. III- DIVERSITAS contribution to Future the ICSU delegation at IPBES-2 Earth during mid 2013 and 2014 representing Future Earth.

ZZ Contribution of the DIVERSITAS ZZ Mobilisation of the DIVERSITAS projects to shaping the Future Earth stakeholder community to respond to

8 DIVERSITAS I ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 DIVERSITAS CELEBRATION EVENT SEVILLE SPAIN www.diversitas-international.org/celebration

Gathering in Seville, Spain, to celebrate past, present and future

On 30th Septembre 2014, DIVERSITAS celebrated its 23 years of existence and its transition to a new era of more integration in sustainability science materialised into Future Earth. The Celebration was organised back-to-back with annual Scientific Committee meetings of DIVERSITAS Core Projects. It convened about eighty guests and provided a unique opportunity for interactions between current and past Scientific Committee members and invitees sampling the much larger DIVERSITAS community of circa 5,000 members.

The conference programme was lively and convivial, inclusive and diverse in topics PRESENTERS AND PANELLISTS and presenters/panellists to reflect the richness of the DIVERSITAS’ experience Elena Bennett u Frans Berkhout u George Brown u Wolfgang Cramer u Peter Daszak in its research work, its science-policy u Sandra Diaz u Michael Donoghue u David Dudgeon u Felix Forest u Jean-François engagement, and its “fun” way of working Guégan u Walter Jetz u Jens Kattge u Cornelia Krug u Anne Larigauderie u Sandra together. The opening presentation of Lavorel u Philippe Le Prestre u Georgina Mace u Catherine Machalaba u Unai Pascual Harold Mooney and Anne-Hélène Prieur- u Belinda Reyers u Jon Samseth u José Sarukhán Kermez u Peter Johan Schei u Richard set the tone for the day by Robert Scholes u Eva Spehn u Billie L. Turner II u Sheila Vergara u Wendy Watson- painting a historical fresco with witty Wright u Aline van der Werf u Steven Wilson photos and comments. These players

SECTION 1 I KEY DEVELOPMENTS 9 represented different aspects and roles of DIVERSITAS and Future Earth community of a new generation of biodiversity DIVERSITAS such as chairmanship of the including the next generation of scientists – C Ziter questions the role Scientific Community during DIVERSITAS biodiversity scientists and practitioners. the young biodiversity scientists will phase 1 (1991-2001) and phase 2 (2002- Vivian Lam, Jasper Montana, Meghan play in solving the biodiversity crisis; 2014), members of the core projects’ O’Connell and Carly Ziter were the four Scientific Committees, leaders in building young scientists selected on an open ZZ Celebrating opportunity – M O’Connell the biodiversity science-policy interface, call who attended the conference and finds out how key players in and Di Castri fellows. successfully played this journalistic role. DIVERSITAS initially got involved in its They produced a set of filmed interviews network and how it transformed their featuring themselves and some of the careers; and highlights the importance Communication and Youth Reporter participants. They also published blog of a holistic and inclusive networking Initiative stories in which they reflected on lessons approach for sustainability science; and they could learn and share from the With the support of the Future Earth Celebration: ZZ “Don’t do boring science!” Advice interim secretariat, a special effort was for early career scientists from the dedicated to providing a live coverage ZZ Productive research networks and the DIVERSITAS community – V Lam of the Celebration for its community legacy of DIVERSITAS – J Montana provides 25 tips for young scientists to via Twitter (#diversitas) and photos. In reflects on how research initiatives pep up their early career with advices particular, DIVERSITAS implemented a often find added value in the networks from the DIVERSITAS community. Youth Reporter Initiative to relay the of people and processes they create; lessons that can be learned from the These stories are available on the Future DIVERSITAS experience to the broader ZZ Beyond DIVERSITAS – the future legacy Earth Blog (www.futureearth.org/).

10 DIVERSITAS I ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 Implementing the framework for integrated biodiversity science

DIVERSITAS Core Projects cover a broad range of topics and important aspects of biodiversity and sustainability science. Some address cross- ecosystem research priorities, some focus on specific ecosystems, and some are developed in collaboration with the other Global Environmental Change programmes. Individually, these Core Projects assemble the expertise required—from both natural and social disciplines—to address specific aspects of biodiversity and sustainability science. Collectively, they ensure the continued development of a truly international and integrated approach.

ZZ bioGENESIS aims at facilitating ZZ Global Mountain Health (GECHH) explores the the development of new strategies Biodiversity Assessment multi-faceted and complex linkages and tools for documenting (GMBA) explores and explains between global environmental biodiversity, to understand the the great biological richness of the change and human health dynamics of diversification, and to mountains of the world make use of evolutionary biology to ZZ Global Carbon Project understand anthropogenic impacts ZZ ecoHEALTH provides a (GCP) aims at developing a conceptual framework to carry complete picture of the global ZZ bioDISCOVERY focuses on out interdisciplinary research on carbon cycle, including both developing a scientific framework the links between biodiversity, its biophysical and human to investigate the current extent of emerging infectious diseases, and dimensions, together with the biodiversity, monitor its changes other global environmental change interactions and feedbacks and predict its future changes issues related to health between them

ZZ ecoSERVICES explores the ZZ Global Water System Project ZZ Climate Change, link between biodiversity and the (GWSP) aims at understanding Agriculture and Food ecosystem functions and services the biogeochemical water cycle and Security (CCAFS) addresses that support human well-being explores how humans impacts it the increasing challenge of global and seeks to determine human warming and declining food security responses to changes in ecosystem ZZ Global Environmental on agricultural practices, policies services Change and Human and measures

SECTION 2 I RESEARCH PROJECTS 11 International CO-CHAIRS AND PROGRAMME OFFICERS CONTACT bioGENESIS www.biogenesis-diversitas.org Co-chairs bioGENESIS Project Offices Andrew Hendry R. do Matão, 277 McGill University, Canada Laboratório de Sistemática Vegetal implement Felix Forest Cidade Universitária, São Paulo - SP Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK 05508-090 – Brazil DIVERSITAS Programme Officer Tel: +55 11 3091 8069 Melina Sakiyama Email: [email protected] Projects bioDISCOVERY www.diversitas-international.org/biodiscovery Chair bioDISCOVERY Projects get implemented by International Paul Leadley Laboratoire d’Ecologie, Systématique et Project Offices (IPOs). IPOs represent University Paris-Sud 11, Orsay, France Evolution (ESE) Université Paris-Sud 11 – Bat 362 an important mean of strengthening 91405 Orsay Cedex – France DIVERSITAS’ presence throughout the world Programme Officer Tel: +33 1 69 15 64 78 and building links to existing research Cornelia Krug Email: [email protected] institutes and programmes. ecoSERVICES www.diversitas-international.org/ecoservices Co-chairs ecoSERVICES Wolfgang Cramer Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d’Ecologie (IMBE) d’Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Bât. Villemin – BP 80 Université d’Aix-Marseille, France 13545 Aix-en-Provence cedex 04 Elena Bennett France McGill University, Canada Programme Officer Tel: +33 4 4290 8449 Karine Payet-Lebourges Email: [email protected] bioSUSTAINABILITY www.diversitas-international.org/biosustainability Chairs bioSUSTAINABILITY Thomas Elmqvist Stockholm Resilience Center University of Stockholm, Sweden Department of Systems Ecology Stockholm University – Systemekologen/Kräftan Kräftriket 9A – 10405 Stockholm – Sweden Programme Officer Tel: +46 73 707 88 67 Maria Schewenius Email: [email protected] Global Mountain Biodiversity Assessment http://gmba.unibas.ch Chair GMBA Secretariat Christian Körner Institute of Botany University of Basel, Switzerland University of Basel Schönbeinstr. 6, CH-4056 Basel ­– Switzerland Executive Director Tel: +41 61 267 35 11 Eva Spehn Email: [email protected]

12 DIVERSITAS I ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 CO-CHAIRS AND PROGRAMME OFFICERS CONTACT ecoHEALTH www.diversitas-international.org/ecohealth Chair ecoHEALTH Secretariat Peter Daszak EcoHealth Alliance EcoHealth Alliance, New York, USA 460 West 34th Street, 17th Floor New York, NY 10001 – USA Contact Tel: +1 212 380 4472 Catherine Machalaba Email: [email protected] Global Water System Project www.gwsp.org Co-chairs Global Water System Project Claudia Pahl-Wostl International Project Office University of Osnabrueck, Germany c/o Center for Development Research (ZEF) Charles Vörösmarty Walter-Flex-Str. 3 CUNY Environmental CrossRoads Initiative, USA 53113 Bonn – Germany Executive Officer Tel: +49 228 73 6188 Anik Bhaduri, University of Bonn, Germany Email: [email protected] Global Environmental Change and Human Health www.gechh.unu.edu Chair Global Environmental Change and Human Mark Rosenberg Health Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada Department of Geography Queen’s University Kingston Kingston K7L 3N6, Ontario – Canada Tel: +1 6135336122 Email: [email protected] Global Carbon Project www.globalcarbonproject.org Co-chairs Global Carbon Project Nebosja Nakicenovic, International Institute International Project Office for Applied Systems Analysis, Austria CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Rob Jackson GPO Box 3023 School of Earth Sciences, Stanford University, USA Canberra, ACT 2601 – Australia Executive Directors Pep Canadell, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Tel: +61 2 6246 5631 Flagship, Australia E-mails: [email protected] Ayyoob Sharifi, NIES, Japan [email protected] Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security http://ccafs.cgiar.org/ Chair Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security Thomas Rosswall, France Coordinating Unit – University of Copenhagen Faculty of Science Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Rolighedsvej 21 DK-1958 Frederiksberg C – Denmark Program Director Bruce Campbell, CCAFS Coordinating Unit, Tel: +45 35331046 University of Copenhagen, Denmark Email: [email protected]

SECTION 2 I RESEARCH PROJECTS 13 bioGENESIS Providing an evolutionary framework for biodiversity science Co-chairs: A Hendry, McGill University, Canada; F Forest, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK www.biogenesis-diversitas.org

The primary aim of bioGENESIS is to increasing species (including invasive Amazonian Biota catalyse the international communication species), keystone species, flagship This on-going project, granted in 2012 and integrated research that are necessary species and commercially important by NSF and FAPESP, and led by Lucia to bring evolutionary approaches to bear species. This data will be compiled and Lohman (Brazil) and Joel Cracraft (USA) on pressing issues related to biodiversity contribute to the Genetic Diversity Report. aims at understanding the history of the and human well-being. bioGENESIS will Amazonia by characterizing the spatial continue providing an evolutionary Workshop on “Phylogenetics, structure of Amazonian biodiversity. framework in a broader context of Extinction Risks and Conservation” This project held its second symposium sustainability under Future Earth, and as The workshop was hosted by The Royal in Manaus, Brazil (May 2014) and has such is participating in several of its Fast Society in March 2014 and was organised focussed in documenting the progress Track Initiatives. by Prof. Mark Chase FRS and bioGENESIS done on Amazonian environmental history, members Felix Forest, Dan Faith, Keith taxonomy, distributions and spatial GEO Biodiversity Observation Crandall. The much-needed integration patterns of diversity, phylogeography Network (GEO BON) of phylogenetics and assessments of and phylogenetic history of Amazonian GEO BON Working Group 1 on “Genetic/ extinction risks to provide additional organisms and methods of Amazonian phylogenetic diversity”, co-chaired information for conservation planning biogeography. The project has already by D Faith and T Yahara (see www. actions has been advocated for some time published several papers documenting biogenesis-diversitas.org/observation) and different methodologies have been preliminary results (see page 35). is currently contributing to the Genetic proposed to integrate extinction risk and Diversity Report that will be released by phylogenetic information. The workshop GEO BON in 2015. offered a platform to present the available methods and encourage discussions GEO BON, through key partnerships, about the merits and disadvantages promotes observations on genetic of each, as well as presentation of yet diversity not only on crop plants and newer approaches. A special issue of the other economically important species, but Royal Society’s Philosophical Transactions also on wild genetic diversity. Through on Phylogenetics, Extinction Risks and the use of new technologies, and new Conservation will be edited by Felix modeling approaches linked to global Forest, Mark Chase, Dan Faith and Keith databases, GEO BON activities will draw Crandall and is scheduled to be published on intensive studies of important species, in January 2015. including rapidly declining species, rapidly

14 DIVERSITAS I ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 bioDISCOVERY Assessing, monitoring and predicting biodiversity change Chair: P Leadley, University of Paris-Sud 11, Orsay, France www.diversitas-international.org/biodiscovery

The aim of bioDISCOVERY is to stimulate shifts. In the October 2013 meeting, the progress of Harmbio, and to charter a way the basic research necessary to understand group identified a number of case studies forward. One of the follow up has been a the mechanisms underlying biodiversity on which to test the model. The September workshop organised in May 2014 (Chania, change and related ecosystem services 2014 meeting was dedicated to adapting Crete) aiming at bringing together experts in change, and to provide input into policy to the model for each case studies. biodiversity and environmental monitoring promote the conservation and sustainable and information systems development to use of biodiversity. Global Plant Trait Initiative (TRY) discuss environmental information systems’ Nearly 100 scientists attended the design guidelines, experiences, expectations Contribution to the 4th Global 5th workshop of the Global Plant Trait and requirements elicitation regarding the Biodiversity Outlook (GBO-4) Initiative (TRY), held in Leipzig in development of a conceptual model for a bioDISCOVERY, together with its partners September 2013. Aim of the workshop was future HarmBio Decision Support System UNEP-WCMC, PBL, UBC Fisheries and to examine the recent developments of TRY (DSS). Visit www.harmbio.eu for more iDIV, led the assessments of scenarios to initiate and support cooperation on core information. of biodiversity change to determine the research topics, in particular the access to progress towards the 2020 Aichi Targets data stored in the trait data base. Transitioning into Future Earth and 2050 Millennium Development Goals. See www.try-db.org for more information. bioDISCOVERY will transition to Future See the more detailed report page 30. Earth at the end of 2014. The project Harmonising Global Biodiversity continues its focus on monitoring, Eco-evolutionary approaches to Modelling (Harmbio) modelling and assessment, and is involved climate change The main aim of this EU COST Action ES1101 in these regards in a number of Future The goal of this initiative is to bridge the is the harmonisation of current models and Earth activities. bioDISCOVERY leads gap between evolutionary and functional datasets of terrestrial, freshwater and marine the cluster “Scientific support for IPBES ecology in order to improve models of biodiversity to improve the reliability of knowledge generation”, and is a partner in species distribution and abundance change future projections of biodiversity change the GMBA-lead cluster “Global biodiversity under environmental change. The initiative under various policy options, thus informing monitoring, prediction and reporting” move from more theoretical discussions environmental decision making. The and the cluster “Linking earth system and considerations to project-based work, working groups focus on standardisation and socio-economic models to predict focussed around the model “RangeShifter”, and harmonisation of biodiversity data sets, and manage changes in land use and developed by Justin Travis group (Aberdeen indicators of biodiversity change, model biodiversity” led by AIMES. New members University, UK), which incorporates development and model inter comparison. have been appointed to the steering both population dynamics and adaptive An all-Working Group meeting was held in committee to ensure greater representation capability of a species in predicting range April 2014 (Leipzig, Germany) to assess the of the freshwater and marine communities.

SECTION 2 I RESEARCH PROJECTS 15 ecoSERVICES Linking biodiversity – including ecosystem functioning – ecosystem services and human well-being Chairs: E Bennett, McGill University, Canada (since 1st January 2014), and W Cramer, Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d’Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), France (since 1st January 2013) www.diversitas-international.org/ecoservices

Increased interdisciplinary and ecoSERVICES integrates all combined Setting a 5-year plan on ecosystem cross-system integration: aspects of the aforementioned projects service science except from the urban focus of The new scientific strategy of ecoSERVICES bioSUSTAINABILITY that will become a new was designed at a workshop held on project of Future Earth, i.e. urbanEARTH. 10-12 November 2013 in Paris, France, to The rationale for this merging is to identify the most immediate challenges ecoSERVICES accomplish greater integration across that impede or constrain progression in social-ecological systems in marine, the capacity of ecosystem service science agroBIODIVERSITY freshwater and terrestrial realms. to advise next generation of policies and management actions. The workshop was freshwaterBIODIVERSITY On 31st December 2013, DIVERSITAS followed by a drafting process led by the thanked the respective scientific SC-ecoSERVICES. bioSUSTAINABILITY committees of agroBIODIVERSITY, (except urban) freshwaterBIODIVERSITY and The new strategy focuses on three bioSUSTAINABILITY for a last time; interconnected research challenges: meanwhile, the new members of new ecoSERVICES ecoSERVICES were appointed with the How, when and where are ecosystem objective to meet the requirements services produced by social-ecological in scientific profiles that would allow systems? Following a first and active phase of the new SC-ecoSERVICES members Who are the beneficiaries of ecosystem activities (2005-2012), the years 2013- to collectively fulfil the challenge services; where and when do they benefit? 2014 were marked by dedicated efforts of greater interdisciplinary and What makes good governing to shape ecoSERVICES’ second phase. cross-system integration. A special institutions and processes for ecosystem On 1st January 2014, ecoSERVICES attention was made to have a balance services? entered its second phase of activities representativeness of social and natural that is characterised by the merging experts as well as experts working on These three questions aim at framing of ecoSERVICES, agroBIODIVERSITY, freshwater and marine ecosystems. This the full range of relationships from freshwaterBIODIVERSITY and challenge is also reflected in the new biodiversity through ecosystem functions bioSUSTAINABILITY. The “new” scientific strategy of ecoSERVICES. to human well-being.

16 DIVERSITAS I ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 The new scientific strategy of ecoSERVICES support for IPBES knowledge generation ran a workshop on 8-11 October 2013 in will be published in COSUST-Current Opinion led by bioDISCOVERY, Global biodiversity Roma, Italy, that started the assessment. in Environmental Sustainability as an monitoring, prediction and reporting led by Partners and contributors of this project Invited Submission in the journal Open GMBA, and Linking earth system and socio- are: Basque Centre for Climate Change Issue of 2015. It will be implemented economic models to predict and manage (BC3), Bioversity International (CGIAR), through new research projects, continued changes in land use and biodiversity led by the CGIAR Research Program on Climate support of science-policy work (in particular AIMES. Change, Agriculture and Food Security CBD, IPBES and FAO), and partnerships with (CCAFS), contributions from DIVERSITAS, other networks on ecosystem services under Work on agrobiodiversity and food and the Food and Agriculture Organisation the Future Earth umbrella. security of the United Nations (FAO). ecoSERVICES is involved in EcoFINDERS Implementing the Future Earth (Ecological Function and Biodiversity GEO BON Working Group 6: agenda Indicators in European Soils), in particular Ecosystem Services ecoSERVICES leads one and contributes its work package 5 on Valuation of Soil In 2014, ecoSERVICES continued its to three of the eight initiatives launched Ecosystem Services, which is a FP7 project membership with the WG6 on Ecosystem by Future Earth in September 2014 to on soil biodiversity and ecosystem services. Services of GEO BON. In particular, accelerate global sustainable development. EcoFINDERS analyses the crucial role of B. Martín-López (SC-ecoSERVICES) soil biodiversity for the proper functioning gave a presentation entitled Overview Bright Spots: Seeds of a Good of soil ecosystems in order to sustain presentation of the DIVERSITAS projects Anthropocene is the Future Earth Fast ecosystem services such as food and fibre where she showcased how the DIVERSITAS Track Initiative led by ecoSERVICES that production, water retention, and disease projects co-produce knowledge on will solicit, explore, and develop a suite control http://ecofinders.dmu.dk/. biodiversity and ecosystem services of alternative, plausible visions of “Good with stakeholders, communicate their Anthropocenes” – positive visions of ecoSERVICES also works on the findings to international policy fora and futures that are socially and ecologically adaptability of food systems for food interested institutions and thus play desirable, equitable, and sustainable – security in the face of climate change the role of bringing the much needed and identify and analyse ‘bright spots’ or in the project on Agrobiodiversity for information to help IPBES meet its goals. real places that demonstrate one or more climate change adaptation. This project This presentation was given as part of the elements of a positive future that might assesses the existing evidence base session on Monitoring ecosystem services to serve as seeds of a Good Anthropocene. related to the contribution of crop and support decision-making organised by GEO The project aims at redressing the bias livestock biodiversity conservation BON WG6 during the 7th ESP conference (8- towards the negative visions of the future and sustainable use to climate 12 September 2014, San Jose, Costa Rica). that may inhibit humanity’s ability to change adaptation, together with the The objective of the session was to discuss move towards a positive future for the identification of research gaps. It aims a joint strategy for monitoring ecosystem Earth and itself. It will be implemented at informing the policy debate as well as services to respond to the needs of IPBES over the course of 2014-2016. related donor dialogue, and to counter by organising concerted action between the usual investment in agricultural the many groups and networks across the In addition to working on Bright Spots, innovations (e.g. breeding programmes, globe that monitor and conduct research ecoSERVICES will contribute to Scientific agrochemicals and irrigation). The project on ecosystem services.

SECTION 2 I RESEARCH PROJECTS 17 ecoHEALTH Building bridges between biodiversity science and health

Chair: P Daszak, EcoHealth Alliance, USA www.diversitas-international.org/ecohealth

The ecoHEALTH project seeks to generated from the ecoHEALTH project, ecoHEALTH activities over the past year understand the health implications given the many health implications of have tied into USAID-funded projects of current and anticipated global changing environmental conditions. In on predicting and preventing emerging environmental change to identify line with the expanded areas of focus, pandemic threats and investigating health solutions that will promote both human the ecoHEALTH Scientific Committee costs of altered landscapes. health and ecosystem integrity. After the (SC) was also broadened to include success of the scientific efforts initiated expertise on climate change, nutrition, The DIVERSITAS ecoHEALTH on in the first three years of the ecoHEALTH food production and food security, social Biodiversity and Emerging Diseases project around the economic implications sciences, pollution and toxicology, project (DEBED) of emerging infectious diseases and the development, public health, and health- This project seeks to investigate positive connections between biodiversity and animal-environmental policy. These and negative relationships between emerging diseases, in 2014, ecoHEALTH disciplines complement the strong ecology biodiversity and disease transmission expanded its mandate to build on past and economic expertise of the SC and will dynamics to better understand the work and address additional growing enable synergies in scientific initiatives ecological drivers of emerging infectious public and ecosystem health concerns and policy outputs. diseases. Through continued funding stemming from environmental change from the French Centre for Synthesis and and biodiversity loss. Its current areas of The DIVERSITAS ecoHEALTH Analysis (CESAB) of the French Foundation scientific and policy focus include: Economics of Emerging Diseases for Biodiversity Research (FRB), for project (DEEED) the BIODIS initiative: “Disentangling ZZ Economics of emerging diseases The objective of DEEED is to provide a bio- the linkages between biodiversity and ZZ Relation between biodiversity and economic modelling framework to evaluate emerging infectious diseases”, BIODIS emerging diseases the risk posed by Emerging Infectious workshops were held in Aix-en-Provence, ZZ Leveraging health impacts to mitigate Diseases (EIDs) from wildlife in trade, land France, in November 2013, July and the underlying drivers of conservation use change, agricultural intensification, December 2014. Recent work has focused threats and disease emergence and other drivers of biodiversity loss. on the influence of meta-community ZZ Impacts of climate change and Quantification of economic damages structure, biodiversity, and the dilution demography on global health caused by emergence of new diseases effect theory on disease transmission from deforested regions may provide risks, as well as approaches for study of Research in these areas will help increase a mechanism to better identify the the health-biodiversity relationships. Over the societal relevance and solutions ecosystem services from intact forest. the past year, BIODIS research has been

18 DIVERSITAS I ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 published in prominent journals including on Biodiversity and Health, leading aims at providing graduate training The American Naturalist and additional development of the Infectious on ecoHEALTH activities. The fourth scientific and policy papers are in progress Diseases and One Health sections, workshop was organised in August or have been recently submitted. Several and participating in expert meetings 2014 at George Mason University Postdoctoral and Fulbright Masters Fellows convened by CBD and WHO to discuss and Smithsonian Institution (Front have also initiated research contributing technical content and policy messages Royal, VA, USA) on two major themes: to the BIODIS project over the past year. for the Technical Series (Geneva, Epidemiology and Management of Switzerland and Rome, Italy; January Infectious Diseases in Wildlife. Science – Policy activities 2014 and July 2014) As part of ecoHEALTH’s commitment to translating scientific advancements ZZ Presenting on “the role of global into societal solutions, the ecoHEALTH institutions and NGO’s” in relation to team contributed to numerous policy the ecoHEALTH project (EcoHealth strengthening and implementation Conference; Montreal, Canada; initiatives, including: August 2014)

ZZ Providing the section on Health and ZZ Leading a side event in collaboration Biodiversity for the IUCN’S Position with the Secretariat of the CBD, Paper for the Convention on Biological EcoHealth Alliance, and WHO titled Diversity’s (CBD) 18th meeting of the “Infectious Diseases and Biodiversity: Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical Using a “One Health” Approach to and Technological Advice (SBSTTA-18), Benefit Conservation and Health” (CBD and presented on “Fostering synergies COP 12; Pyeongchang, Korea; October between biodiversity & human health: 2014) towards the post-2015 development agenda” (SBSTTA-18; Montreal, Canada; June 2014) Capacity building activities ZZ Ecology, Environmental Science ZZ Serving on the Coordinating Committee and Health Research Network (RCN for the CBD-WHO Technical Series EcoHealthNet): This NSF-funded project

SECTION 2 I RESEARCH PROJECTS 19 Global Mountain Biodiversity Assessment (GMBA) Exploring and understanding mountain biodiversity Co-chairs: C Körner, Institute of Botany, University of Basel, Switzerland, M Fisher, University of Bern, Switzerland http://gmba.unibas.ch and www.mountainbiodiversity.org

The Global Mountain Biodiversity Assessment global LTER network. The aim is to form a Switzerland, Ordesa and Monte Perdido (GMBA) actively explores and explains the nucleus of core sites that will use common National Park, Spain, Paione Lakes, Italy, great biological richness of the mountains protocols to ensure comparability of data Pyramid Lakes, Nepal, Redon-Aigüestortes, of the world. GMBA seeks to provide input detect effects of global change. This network Spain, Collelongo, Italy. to policy makers and stakeholders for will be able to capture slow processes or the conservation and sustainable use of transient, episodic or infrequent events, Implementing the Future Earth biodiversity in mountain regions. reveal trends, multi-factor responses, or agenda processes with major time lags. Following GMBA was granted of a Cluster Activity New GMBA mountain portal and the conference “Mountains under Watch on “Global Biodiversity Monitoring, partnership with Map of Life (MoL) 2013” in Aosta, Italy, GMBA co-organised Prediction & Reporting”, together with MoL (mol.org) is a biodiversity portal a second workshop of the mountain LTER representatives of 10 other organisations project, which aims at integrating network. Participants identified the best (e.g. ecoSERVICES, GEO BON, bioGENESIS, disparate distribution data worldwide and procedures and strategies for initiating IPBES), which started during the last enable up- and down-load of a variety of common activities and/or meta-analysis for trimester of 2014 and will continue until distribution data types (points, surveys, the next years. These results were presented spring 2016. The planned workshops will range maps). GMBA cooperates with MoL at INTECOL in London in August 2013. bring together the observational, remote to add the mountain layers defined by In summer 2014, a following workshop sensing and modelling communities Körner et al (2011) and a set of polygons “A global observatory network for alpine (in Future Earth and beyond) that are of mountain areas of the world. MoL is ecosystems“ took place at the Global fair on collecting and using spatio-temporally implementing these layers and performs Mountain Observatories in Reno, Nevada, explicit biodiversity or environmental data. specific queries for mountains. For the USA. The session aimed at facilitating first time it will be possible to assess coordination, integration, and synthesis for Additional activities in 2013-2014 mountain biodiversity in more than 1000 existing sites, to foster multi-site analyses ZZ Conference: Faster, Higher, More? Past, defined mountain regions of the globe in and synthesis of current status and future present and future dynamics of arctic and a bioclimatic context, rooted in a novel trends of global change on mountain alpine flora under climate change, 23-25 treeline algorithm. A new version of the systems. September 2013, Bergün, Switzerland. portal prototype should go online in 2015. ZZ MIREN (Mountain Invasion Research LTER sites involved so far are: Niwot Network, www.miren.ethz.ch) and Mountain Long-Term Ecological Ridge, Rocky Mountains, USA, Valle GLORIA (Global Observation Research Research (LTER) network d’Aosta, Italy, Lautaret, Central French Initiative in Alpine Environments, Since 2011, GMBA has been providing the Alps, France, Sierra Nevada, Spain, www.gloria.ac.at) are initiatives framework and coordination of the mountain Tyrolean High Alps, Austria, Furka region, associated to GMBA.

20 DIVERSITAS I ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 Biodiversity and urbanisation (bioSUSTAINABILITY) Science for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity Chair: T Elmqvist, Stockholm Resilience Centre, Sweden www.diversitas-international.org/biosustainability bioSUSTAINABILITY developed new one of the 30 most downloaded books across cities. Since the summer of 2013, knowledge to guide policy and decision in Springer’s 170,000 titles library. The the project has also produced videos from making that support sustainable use of project also saw the launch of a short Rotterdam and Barcelona to highlight biodiversity and ecosystem services. It video narrated by Edward Norton, An transition initiatives and the importance studied the social, economic and political Urbanizing Planet, available in English, of urban green areas. context of management and governance Hindi and Chinese on www.cbobook.org. of biodiversity and ecosystem services. The book and the video were launched at Implementing the Future Earth The programme shifted towards having the UN Headquarters, New York, October 4, agenda an increasingly strong urban focus, and 2013. As part of the ten initial Fast Track during 2013-2014 transformed into an Initiatives of Future Earth, one is urban research agenda in the context The URban Biodiversity and dedicated to urbanisation: What is urban? of the transition towards Future Earth. Ecosystem Services (URBES) project – The urban research agenda aiming In that context, it increasingly worked The three-year, pan-European, BiodivERsA- at developing – based on the many with the other projects dealing with funded project focusing on urbanisation urban related initiatives of the Global urbanisation of the Global Environmental processes and impacts on biodiversity Environmental Change Programmes – the Change family. and ecosystem services launched in urban component of global sustainability January 2012 is nearing its 2014 end. science. What is urban? will be the Cities and Biodiversity Outlook URBES builds on four case studies of continuation of bioSUSTAINABILITY and Following up on the collaboration between European cities, Stockholm, Berlin, explore the concept of urban from a range bioSUSTAINABILITY and the Convention Rotterdam and Salzburg, and also includes of academic disciplines’ perspectives, on Biological Diversity on the topic of metropolitan New York. The project has taking into account the urban cores as biodiversity and urbanisation, which led a focus on urbanisation processes mainly well as the urban-rural linkages. to the release of the assessment Cities and in Europe, functional diversity, urban Biodiversity Outlook (2012), the closing ecosystem services, institutions, monetary of the project and the forming of the new and non-monetary values, and resilience urban agenda saw the publication of a science. In addition to producing an benchmark book Urbanization, Biodiversity extensive list of publications, two full-day and Ecosystem Services – A Global training sessions with city representatives Assessment. This publication contains the from across Europe have been organised scientific foundation of the CBD Cities and in 2013 and 2014, aiming to help bridging Biodiversity Outlook. This book, an open the knowledge gap between science and access Springer publication, is to date policy-making, and between experts

SECTION 2 I RESEARCH PROJECTS 21 Global Water System Project (GWSP) Co-chairs: C Pahl-Wostl, University of Osnabrück, Germany, and C Vörösmarty, The City University of New York, USA www.gwsp.org

The central research question of the An important event for GWSP in May 2014 is one of the major outcomes of the GWSP GWSP is: “How are humans changing was its open conference: “Sustainability Conference “Water in the Anthropocene” the global water cycle, the associated in the Water-Energy-Food Nexus”, during (May 2013, Bonn, Germany). This peer- biogeochemical cycles, and the biological which a “Call to Action” was released and reviewed book addresses the worldwide components of the global water system; handed to representatives of the public experiences on the responses of water and what are the social feedbacks arising and private sectors. While the majority of management to global change within from these changes?”. participants where scientists, many policy this last decade. Its 28 chapters reflect makers, representatives from the private the shift in mind-set that is required GWSP’s findings highlight that water must sector and NGOs actively participated to address the water challenges of be a priority on all political agendas given in the conference. The conference was tomorrow, discussing issues such as water its global scope and interconnectedness complemented by the “GWSP Summer governance and related institutional in a world that is facing the possibility Water Academy” for early career scientists and technological innovations as well as of pushing planet Earth beyond its on “Communicating Science in the Water- variability in supply, increasing demands carrying capacities. A sustainable water Energy-Food Nexus”. for water, environmental flows, and land world must reflect political and societal use change. dynamics, aspirations, beliefs, values, The book “The Global Water System in the and their impact on our own behaviour as Anthropocene – Challenges for Science well as physical, chemical, and biological and Governance” (Springer) edited by A components of the global water system at Bhaduri, J Bogardi, J Leentvaar and S a range of spatial and temporal scales. Marx, was published this year. The book

22 DIVERSITAS I ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 Global Environmental Change and Human Health (GECHH) Chair: M Rosenberg, Queen’s University, Canada www.gechh.unu.edu

The primary goals of GECHH involve researchers have worked towards these and Natural Resources, bringing together identifying and characterising health goals through a series of symposia, young scientists to examine the issues of risks due to global environmental change; publications, and training workshops. health and the environment in mega- developing, assessing and communicating Since 2009, GECHH has been an active cities. adaptation strategies; and fostering partner in symposia and student training research training programmes to boost workshops with the Chinese Academy of international research capacity. GECHH Sciences Institute for Geographic Sciences

Global Carbon Project (GCP) Co-chairs: N Nakicenovic, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Austria and R Jackson, School of Earth Sciences, Stanford University, USA www.globalcarbonproject.org

GCP aims at developing a comprehensive growing trend in these emissions, (policymakers, NGOs and the corporate policy-relevant understanding of the and leading to the largest increase in world); and research (the scientific global carbon cycle, encompassing atmospheric CO2 of 5.1 GtC yr-1. Land and community with model and other flux natural and human dimensions at their ocean sinks were stable or grew. Regarding and pool carbon data). The Atlas received intersections. The Tsukuba International the methane budget, the project found 25,000 unique visits during the first week Office is mainly focused on Urban and that after over a decade of stable methane after the launch. This Atlas is updated Regional Carbon Management (URCM), concentrations, growth resumed in 2007 every year and the global carbon budget is which is a place-based and policy-relevant and has been growing since then due released every November. scientific initiative aimed at promoting to increased emissions from wetlands sustainable, low-carbon, and climate- and the combustion of fossil fuels. In resilient urban development. November 2013, the Global Carbon Atlas was launched, becoming one of the major In 2013, GCP found that for 2012, fossil interfaces between GCP research products fuel emissions grew to 9.7 GtC yr-1, and three very distinctive audiences: 2.2% above 2011, reflecting a continued outreach (general public); emissions

SECTION 2 I RESEARCH PROJECTS 23 Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) Chair: T Rosswall http://ccafs.cgiar.org/

CCAFS, a joint initiative between the vis-a-vis their international commitments in Nepal, Bolivia and India. Training CGIAR and the global change research to participate in an international system courses, targeting women farmers and community, completed its 4th year of of crop genetic diversity pooling and other vulnerable groups were organised operation in 2014. sharing for agricultural research. Partners on cultivation practices for under-utilised published a road map for policy and crops. Activities in the last 18 months included institutional reforms in India that need the further development of portal for to be undertaken to implement the Global efforts to adapt staple foods like accessing downscaled climate scenarios. multilateral system of access and benefit rice, wheat, and potato to climate change Biodiversity scientists from academia and sharing. Eight countries initiated exercises have been given a major boost by new research institutes are major users of the to confirm what crop genetic resources research that reveals the details and portal. The Platform for Agrobiodiversity they will include in the multilateral whereabouts of their “wild relatives” – Research is now hosting a new tool, system of access and benefit sharing. their undomesticated distant cousins that the REFARM (the Resilience Framework One completed the exercise, and the could contain genetic secrets to making for Agriculture and Risk Management) other seven will finish in 2014, sending food crops more productive and resilient. Database. The database serves as a tool notification to the secretary of the plant Close to three quarters of these plants are to search successful adaptation strategies treaty. in serious need of protection. The study based upon diversification. and collecting work are part of a major One of our focus was on the exploration 10-year project funded by the government Multistakeholder research teams in of crop wild relatives as sources of genetic of Norway to help boost the resilience of 9 countries, led by Bioversity, continue to diversity for agricultural adaptation, and staple foods crops to climate change. analyse their existing access and benefit on neglected and under-utilised species sharing laws for plant genetic resources as resilient options for communities

24 DIVERSITAS I ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 BUILDING A GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY OBSERVATION SYSTEM: GEO BON www.diversitas-international.org/geo-bon

Background: the Global Earth The vision of GEO BON of GEOSS implementation plan and the Observation System of Systems The vision of GEO BON is for a design of the new one. (GEOSS) coordinated, global network that The Group on Earth Observations gathers and shares information GEO BON contributes to the (GEO; http://earthobservations. on biodiversity, provides tools for implementation of the Strategic org/) is leading a process to build a data integration and analysis, and Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 Global Earth Observation System of contributes to improving environmental In response to a request made by Systems (GEOSS), designed around management and human well-being. CBD-COP10, the GEO BON community nine Societal Benefit Areas (SBAs): produced the GEO BON Adequacy disasters, health, energy, water, report of Biodiversity Observations weather, ecosystems, agriculture The GEO BON implementation Systems to support the CBD 2020 and biodiversity. The initiative to plan Targets. This report constitutes the build a global observing system The vision of GEO BON has been first attempt to assess the adequacy for biodiversity is called “GEO translated into an implementation of global observation systems for the BON”, which stands for “Group on plan, first published in May 2010, monitoring of biodiversity, specifically Earth Observations – Biodiversity which proposes to the global observing in relation to the information needs Observation Network”. DIVERSITAS community activities and deliverables of the twenty ‘Aichi targets’ defined by has played a role of founding at the genetic, species and ecosystem the Convention on Biological Diversity organisation, and, then, of catalyser levels, including ecosystem services, (CBD) for the period 2011-2020. for many of the activities of GEO in terrestrial, freshwater and marine CBD-COP11 invited GEO BON to BON. GEO BON is being built by ecosystems. continue its work on the identification some 100 governmental and non- A series of deliverables are foreseen for of Essential Biodiversity Variables governmental organisations. 2015 as a contribution to the review (EBVs) and the development of

SECTION 3 I OBSERVATIONS 25 associated data sets, as presented in the GEO BON Adequacy report. In response to this mandate GEO BON organised an Expert Workshop on enhancing biodiversity data and observing systems in support of the implementation of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 at SBSTTA 17 (12 Oct 2013, Montreal, Canada). The overall goal of this workshop was to engage governments and organisations in a dialogue with the Earth observation community, particularly GEO-BON, on the development of biodiversity observation systems, both by learning from existing experiences and helping to start new programmes. feasibility, and relevance, and could BON in a BOX This workshop attracted an audience form a core set for monitoring programs Another key challenge is the lack of of 80 participants from 50 countries worldwide. This initiative is presented consensus on how to monitor biodiversity as and international organisations, and in Pereira et al. 2013. A call to develop well as how to collect, manage, and utilise discussed ways to improve collection products supporting the development biodiversity data. BON in a Box compiles a and use of observations by Parties in of EBVs was launched in April 2014. scientifically sound and field proven set of monitoring and reporting progress in Twenty-four proposals have been methods, guidelines, tools, manuals and field implementing NBSAPs and thereby received and five projects granted: and data standards to monitor biodiversity achieving progress towards the Aichi ZZ Black listing invasive species for to facilitate the development of national and Biodiversity Targets. Discussions also monitoring and reporting (Monash regional biodiversity observation systems addressed how GEO BON that can University, Australia) geared to monitor biodiversity change, to (i) support delivery of improved biodiversity ZZ BON in a Box (Humboldt Institute, fulfil reporting requirements (national and observations and their use. Colombia) global, e.g. CBD), (ii) aid decision-makers, ZZ Developing guidelines for standardised and (iii) inform policy responses. global butterfly monitoring Essential Biodiversity Variables (UNEP-WCMC and Dutch Butterfly A key obstacle for the implementation Conservation) Key developments in 2013-14 of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity ZZ Finalising, visualising and 2011-2020 is the lack of consensus communicating global remote-sensing October 2013 about what to monitor. GEO BON supported species EBVs and change Expert Workshop on enhancing partners have engaged in a process to indicators (Yale University, USA) biodiversity data and observing systems identify the most essential variables ZZ Remote sensing of Essential in support of the implementation of the that would fulfil criteria related to Biodiversity Variables (Twente Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 scalability, temporal sensitivity, University, the Netherlands) (SBSTTA 17, Montreal, Canada)

26 DIVERSITAS I ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 January 2014 Next steps Role of DIVERSITAS Group on Earth Observation Plenary- GEO BON continues to move in The initial role of DIVERSITAS has been to GEO-X (Geneva, Switzerland) the following directions to help coordinate the development of the GEO BON Day on Biodiversity Observation jointly governments and international concept and implementation plan, and to organised with Switzerland. The main organisations such as CBD and IPBES ensure, in particular, that GEO BON develops objective was to raise awareness of to assess progress against biodiversity within a robust scientific framework. The role the importance of the GEO biodiversity and sustainability targets: of DIVERSITAS through its projects has been and ecosystem services activities. The ZZ Enlarge the global GEO BON also to provide the needed underlying science recommendations of the meeting were network of Biodiversity Observation for GEO BON. presented during the GEO-X Plenary. Initiatives and encourage the formation of national and regional 1) Science-policy work: Represent GEO BON Biodiversity Observation Networks at CBD (COP and SBSTTA) and IPBES, and April 2014 (BONs) position GEO BON within the science- EU BON meeting (Crete, Greece) ZZ Develop and promote monitoring and policy interface as the global observing GEO meeting (Geneva, Switzerland) data standards to allow Biodiversity system for biodiversity; Observation Initiatives to enhance biodiversity data interoperability 2) Funding: Provide funding for two GEO BON June 2014 and publishing standards, and more working groups: GEO BON Joint Advisory Board generally BON in a Box a) the genetic diversity working group, Meeting and Implementation Committee ZZ Develop and promote a set of b) the ecosystem services working group; Meeting (Leipzig, Germany): a new Essential Biodiversity Variables governance structure was approved at (EBVs) that represent the key 3) Core support: DIVERSITAS, for example, this meeting. variables needed to monitor and gather funding for the GEO BON activities European GEO meeting (Athens, Greece) understand biodiversity change such as the EBVs projects.

SECTION 3 I OBSERVATIONS 27 DIVERSITAS AT THE INTERFACE BETWEEN SCIENCE AND POLICY MAKING: CONTRIBUTING TO ASSESSMENTS

indirect drivers of change; direct The Intergovernmental Platform on drivers of change; and good quality Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, of life. This framework also integrates conceptualisations of these elements in IPBES different knowledge systems (scientific, www.ipbes.net indigenous and local knowledge).

www.diversitas-international.org/ipbes B] Work programme of IPBES Following up on the requests received IPBES was formally established I- Second Plenary (IPBES-2), from the platform Members, MEAs, and by representatives of more than 9-14 December 2013, Antalya, stakeholders (including DIVERSITAS/ 90 Governments in Panama City on Turkey ICSU), the MEP prepared a work Saturday 21 April 2012, following programme for the next 4 years several years of international IPBES-2 focussed on the following including 4 main objectives (including negotiations. issues: 16 deliverables): DIVERSITAS has actively promoted A] IPBES conceptual framework ZZ Strengthen the capacity and IPBES over the past years, has been This framework includes six interlinked knowledge foundations of the contributing to the implementation elements constituting a social science-policy interface to implement of its first work programme (2014- ecological system that operates at key functions of the Platform 2018), and looks forward to continue various scales in time and space: ZZ Strengthen the science-policy generating scientific knowledge nature; nature’s benefits to people; interface on biodiversity and relevant to future IPBES assessments. anthropogenic assets; institutions ecosystem services at and across and governance systems and other subregional, regional and global levels

28 DIVERSITAS I ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 ZZ Strengthen the science-policy interface institutional arrangements between FAO, 2- DIVERSITAS provided comments on biodiversity and ecosystem UNDP, UNEP and UNESCO. on some of the key papers prepared services with regard to thematic and for IPBES-2 including: Conceptual methodological issues No decision was reached on the policy for framework, Programme of work, Scoping ZZ Communicate and evaluate Platform admission of observers, the Stakeholder of the three fast-track assessments, activities, deliverables and findings. Engagement Strategy, and collaborative Procedures for the preparation of the partnership arrangement. Platform’s deliverables, and Stakeholder IPBES-2 also approved the initial scoping engagement strategy. for three fast-track assessments on: Finally, an important outcome of the ZZ Pollination and pollinators associated meeting was the announcement of the 3- DIVERSITAS, on behalf of ICSU, and with food production, nomination of Anne Larigauderie, former IUCN co-chaired the multi-stakeholder ZZ Models and scenarios for biodiversity DIVERSITAS Executive Director, as the days (7-8 December 2013), and co- and ecosystem services, and IPBES Executive Secretary. organised a side event on the Stakeholder ZZ Value, valuation and accounting of Engagement Strategy and the outcomes biodiversity and ecosystem services. of the Stakeholders Days on 9th December II. Contribution of DIVERSITAS to 2013. C] Operationalisation of the platform the IPBES The plenary adopted a set of Rules and B] Preparing for IPBES-2 (December Procedures regarding the selection of MEP A] IPBES-2 (December 2013) 2013) and IPBES-3 (January 2015) members, the delivery and approval of the 1- The ICSU Delegation at IPBES-2 included 1- DIVERSITAS provided comments on the platform deliverables. A-H Prieur-Richard (Head of delegation), draft Conceptual Framework, the proposed E Brondizio, B Cardinale, W Cramer, A scoping process for assessments, and The plenary also adopted the IPBES Larigauderie, H Mooney and U Pascual. other IPBES deliverables.

SECTION 4 I ASSESSMENT 29 2- DIVERSITAS submitted names of of stakeholders and will facilitate the (Chair, SC-bioDISCOVERY) and C Krug experts for the intersessional workshop Stakeholders day at IPBES-3. (Science Officer, bioDISCOVERY office). on Finalising the conceptual framework (August 2013, Cape Town, S-Africa). III. Global Biodiversity Outlook 4 Integrating extrapolations of current (GBO-4) trends with socio-economic scenarios and 3- DIVERSITAS also submitted names of “storyline” approaches, the assessment international experts, from the social and examined the progress towards achieving natural sciences, for the deliverables 1c, each of the 2020 Aichi Targets. It 1d, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3c, 3d, and 4c of the work highlighted in particular which actions programme. 86 experts were selected are necessary to achieve the Aichi representing a broad range of disciplines Targets, and how this will contribute and countries. to achieve the 2050 vision and the Millennium Development Goals as well as 4- DIVERSITAS, on behalf of ICSU, and the Sustainable Development Goals under IUCN have been co-leading activities development. toward a draft stakeholder engagement strategy for the implementation of the The GBO-4 and its supporting document IPBES programme of work, following up were launched at CBD COP12 in on the request of IPBES-1 which invited Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea, where IUCN and ICSU ”to work with relevant they were positively received by delegates. stakeholders, including indigenous peoples The GBO-4 technical support document and local communities and the private is available at http://www.cbd.int/doc/ sector, and with the secretariat, to publications/cbd-ts-78-en.pdf. prepare in consultation with the Bureau www.cbd.int/en/gbo4 and the Multidisciplinary Expert Panel a www.diversitas-international.org/gbo Two scientific publications arising from draft stakeholder engagement strategy the technical support document have been for supporting the implementation of DIVERSITAS, in collaboration with the published in Science and Basic and Applied the work programme”. Following up a UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Ecology, and other ones are in preparation. large consultation, an expert workshop, Centre (UNEP-WCMC), the Netherlands and the discussions at the Stakeholders Environmental Assessment Agency (PBL), days in the margins of IPBES-2, this the Fisheries Centre of University of document – including early thoughts for British Columbia (UBC-FC), the Centre of an implementation plan – was presented Environmental Biology of the University at IPBES-2. However, due to lack of of Lisbon, and later the German Centre for time, this document was not discussed Integrative Biodiversity Research Halle- and its approval is on the agenda of Jena-Leipzig (iDIV) led the preparation of IPBES-3. In that context, DIVERSITAS the technical support document for GBO-4. and IUCN are continuing the mobilisation The work was coordinated by P Leadley

30 DIVERSITAS I ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 DIVERSITAS AT THE INTERFACE BETWEEN SCIENCE AND POLICY MAKING: CONTRIBUTING TO INTERNATIONAL POLICY ORGANISATIONS & PROCESSES

DIVERSITAS contributes to the Convention on work of the United Nations Rio Conventions. Biological Diversity DIVERSITAS actively contributed to I- Contributing to CBD work on the implementation of the Strategic indicators and monitoring Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 led by the Convention on Biological Diversity DIVERSITAS currently contributes to issued a call for proposals to carry out (CBD), over 2013-14. This plan, which the work on the 2020 targets, via its this work. The proposal submitted by includes the 20 Aichi Biodiversity contribution to GEO BON (see page 25): DIVERSITAS and partners to prepare Targets, provides an overarching ZZ GEO BON contribution to the work of the technical document for GBO-4 was framework for biodiversity, not the Ad Hoc Technical Expert Group selected. only for the biodiversity-related (AHTEG) of the CBD on indicators for conventions, but for the entire United the Strategic Plan 2011-2020 Under this agreement, DIVERSITAS Nations framework. ZZ GEO BON work on Essential was, in collaboration with the UNEP DIVERSITAS made a contribution to Biodiversity Variables. World Conservation Monitoring Centre the work of the SBSTA of the UN (UNEP-WCMC), the Netherlands Framework Convention on Climate Environmental Assessment Agency th Change (UNFCCC). II- Contributing to the 4 Global (PBL), the Fisheries Centre of University Biodiversity Outlook (GBO-4) of British Columbia (UBC-FC) and the DIVERSITAS also made contributions Centre of Environmental Biology of the to the post-2015 UN process on CBD COP 10 requested to prepare a University of Lisbon, carrying out a the development of the Sustainable 4th report of the Global Biodiversity scenarios assessment. This work was led Development Goals (SDGs). Outlook (GBO-4). The CBD secretariat by Paul Leadley and Henrique Pereira

SECTION 5 I POLICY 31 (bioDISCOVERY), and supported by the DIVERSITAS’ project “Access and bioDISCOVERY IPO, Cornelia Krug. Benefit-Sharing in Latin America and the Caribbean: A science-policy dialogue for The technical support document of the academic research” aimed at bringing GBO-4 was launched at CBD COP12 in together researchers and policy-makers October 2014 in Republic of Korea. This from Latin America and the Caribbean document presents the different lines to discuss current obstacles regarding of evidence used for the assessment of access to biological material, clarify the state of biodiversity, and detailed the needs of Academia and government information on findings and country case agencies, and build mutual trust. The studies related to specific targets. project is a continuation of the work undertaken by the Swiss Academy of Sciences on developing good practices III- Contributing to the work on for academic research. It is a partnership Access and Benefit-Sharing (ABS) between DIVERSITAS, ICSU Regional Office for Latin America and the The Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Caribbean (ICSU ROLAC), International constructive at initiating a science- Resources and the Fair and Equitable Union of Biological Sciences (IUBS), and policy dialogue and led to a series of Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Swiss Academy of Sciences (SCNAT). It publications: a 2-page summary on key Utilization to the Convention on Biological was endorsed by the CBD and undertaken messages, a 25-page brochure compiling Diversity (in short, Access and Benefit- in collaboration with two other ABS all project’s findings, and case studies Sharing, ABS) aims at regulating the projects in the region: the UNEP/GEF from several LAC countries. access to genetic resources and the fair Regional project coordinated by IUCN- and equitable sharing of the benefits Sur and the project of the University of The outcomes of this project were derived from their utilisation. Bonn-DFG. presented in different conferences including a side event at the CBD COP12 Biodiversity scientists currently face Major events in 2013-14 included the during which the Nagoya Protocol entered many barriers when conducting research Science-Policy Workshop on Access and into force. with materials (e.g. biological samples) Benefit-Sharing for Non-commercial from abroad often because there is a Academic Research (20-22 November lack of understanding of the respective 2013, Lima, Peru) which addressed IV- Contribution to the topic on concerns and needs of researchers and the identification of benefits from biodiversity and health policy-makers. non-commercial, academic research, challenges and opportunities for Over the past years, DIVERSITAS, in DIVERSITAS, thanks to a grant from ICSU, implementing access and benefit-sharing particular its ecoHEALTH project, has supported the implementation of Article in the LAC region, and the comparison supported the work of the CBD on the 8(a) of the Nagoya Protocol that calls of different legal systems of access relationships between biodiversity for facilitated access for non-commercial and benefit-sharing of the represented and health. DIVERSITAS supported the biodiversity research. countries. The event was successful and development of the CBD-WHO joint

32 DIVERSITAS I ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 publication “Connecting Global Priorities: the ecoHEALTH project, the CBD will ZZ Side event “Bridging biodiversity A State of Knowledge Review on the undertake a synthesis report on the science and society: a youth Interlinkages between Biodiversity and underlying drivers of disease emergence contribution towards mainstreaming Human Health”, and participated in the and biodiversity loss, and will continue GBO-4 findings” release of its first draft during COP12. developing joint activities with WHO. ZZ Side event “Access and Benefit-Sharing in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Health was formally on the agenda Science-Policy dialogue for academic for discussion under the Sustainable V- Contributing to CBD-COP12 research” Development Goals. CBD Parties (Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea, ZZ Launch of The State Of Knowledge expressed strong concerns over the October 2014) Review On Biodiversity And Health: devastating ongoing Ebola outbreak “Framing Biodiversity And Health in West Africa, giving a call to action DIVERSITAS was involved in a series of In The Context Of The Post-2015 on the urgent need for research on events during SBSTTA 17 (October 2013) Development Agenda” the links between human health and and SBSTTA 18 (June 2014) in preparation ZZ Side event “Tackling common drivers biodiversity and more collaborative of CBD COP12. During COP12, DIVERSITAS of disease and biodiversity loss: a One efforts between the biodiversity and organised/participated in the following Health approach” health communities to tackle shared events: ZZ Press conference on Ebola and threats. As part of the CBD’s decisions ZZ Launch of the Global Biodiversity biodiversity on health, the Convention now formally Outlook 4 and of its Technical Support ZZ Side event “How can science really “recognises the value of a One Health Document add value to global biodiversity approach” that considers human, animal ZZ Side event “The science behind GBO-4 governance? Discussing the and environmental health linkages. In - Introducing the technical support effectiveness of science-policy- collaboration with partners including document” interfaces”

SECTION 5 I POLICY 33 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)

DIVERSITAS has been invited over the IGBP) reported at the Research Dialogue showcasing win-win situations for past years by the SBSTA of the UNFCCC session at SBSTA 40 of UNFCCC on behalf climate and biodiversity” to participate in annual “Research of the four ICSU Global Environmental Dialogues” between Parties to UNFCCC Change programmes (DIVERSITAS, IGBP, The contributions were made available to and Global Environmental Change IHDP and WCRP). She gave presentations Parties on the UNFCCC website at: programmes on emergent scientific on the following topics: http://unfccc.int/ findings relevant to the needs of this ZZ Recent developments in global climate convention. information ZZ Emerging scientific findings: the polar In June 2014 (Bonn, Germany), regions DIVERSITAS presentation: “New Sybil Seitzinger (Executive Director, global biodiversity scenario analysis:

Post 2015 process on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) www.diversitas-international.org/sdgs

One of the main outcomes of the United January 2013, was tasked with preparing Goals, and 2) Urban Social-Ecological Nations Conference on Sustainable a proposal on the SDGs. DIVERSITAS Systems, Sustainability and Resilience- Development (Rio+20), held in Rio de participated in two sessions of this OWG: Implications for SDGs and Development of Janeiro in June 2012, was the agreement ZZ Sustainable cities and human Indicators. by Member States to launch a process to settlements (7th session, 6-10 January develop a set of Sustainable Development 2014, New-York) In addition, during these two sessions, Goals (SDGs). The goals should address ZZ Oceans and seas, forests, biodiversity DIVERSITAS, as part of the ICSU in a balanced way all three dimensions (8th session, 3-7 February 2014, New- delegation representing the Science and of sustainable development and be York) Technology Major Group, gave a plenary coherent with and integrated into the UN address (Jane Lubchenco on Oceans development agenda beyond 2015. In preparation of these sessions, the and Seas, Biodiversity and Forests) and DIVERSITAS community published two delivered several statements. A 30-member Open Working Group (OWG) position papers: 1) Contribution of of the General Assembly, established in Biodiversity to Sustainable Development

34 DIVERSITAS I ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 PUBLICATIONS

2014 Geeta R, Lohmann L, Magalion MIREN Consortium. 2014. The 2013 Brower A, Willmott K, S, Faith DP, Hendry AP, Mountain Invasion Research GWSP publication: Special issue Silva-Brandao K, Garzon- Crandall K, De Meester L, Webb Network (MIREN). Linking Local in COSUST: Vörösmarty CJ, Pahl- Orduna I and Freitas A. 2014. C, Prieur-Richard AH, Mimura and Global Scales for Addressing Wostl C and Bhaduri A. 2013. Phylogenetic relationships M, Conti E, Cracraft J, Forest F, an Ecological Consequence of Aquatic and marine systems. of ithomiine butterflies Jaramillo C, Donoghue M and Global Change. GAIA. 23(3):263- Current Opinion in Environmental (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae: Yahara T. 2014. Biodiversity 265 Sustainability. 5(6):535-714 Danainae) as implied by only makes sense in the light of combined morphological and evolution. Journal of Bioscience. Paulsen J and Körner C. 2014. • Vörösmarty CJ, Pahl-Wostl C molecular data. Systematics and 39(3) A climate-based model to predict and Bhaduri A. 2013. editorial Biodiversity. 12(2):133-147 potential treeline position board. In: Vörösmarty CJ et Handa IT, Aerts R, Berendse around the globe. Alpine Botany. al. (Eds). Aquatic and marine Duraiappah AK, Asah ST, F, Berg MP, Bruder A, 124(1):1-12 systems. Current Opinion in Brondizio ES, Kosoy N, Butenschoen O, Chauvet Environmental Sustainability. O’Farrell PJ, Prieur-Richard E, Gessner MO, Jabiol J, Seipel T, Alexander JM, Daehler 5(6): i AH, Subramaniang SM and Makkonen M, McKie BG, C, Rew LJ, Edwards PJ, Dar Takeuchih K. 2014. Managing Malmqvist B, Peeters E, PA, McDougall K, Naylor B, • Vörösmarty CJ, Pahl-Wostl the Mismatches to Provide Scheu S, Schmid B, van Parks C, Pollnac FW, Reshi C and Bhaduri A. 2013. Ecosystem Services for Human Ruijven J, Vos VCA and ZA, Schroder M and Kueffer contents. In: Vörösmarty CJ et Well-being: A Conceptual Hattenschwiler S. 2014. C. 2014. Performance of the al. (Eds). Aquatic and marine framework for understanding the Consequences of biodiversity herb Verbascum thapsus along systems. Current Opinion in New Commons. Current Opinion loss for litter decomposition environmental gradients in its Environmental Sustainability. in Environmental Sustainability. across biomes. Nature. native and non-native ranges. 5(6):iii 7:94-100 509(7499):218-221 Journal of Biogeography. In press. • Vörösmarty CJ, Pahl-Wostl Garzon-Orduna I, Benetti- Körner C. 2014. Mountain C and Bhaduri A. 2013. Longhi J and Brower A. 2014. ecosystems in a changing Zuntini A and Lohmann Water in the anthropocene: Timing the diversification of environment. eco.mont. L. 2014. Synopsis of New perspectives for global the Amazonian biota: butterfly 68(1):71-77 Martinella Baill. (Bignonieae, sustainability. In: Vörösmarty divergences are consistent Bignoniaceae), with the CJ et al. (Eds). Aquatic and with Pleistocene refugia. Kueffer C, Daehler C, Dietz description of a new species marine systems. Current Journal of Biogeography. H, McDougall K, Parks C, from the Atlantic Forest of Opinion in Environmental 41(9):1631-1638 Pauchard A, Rew L and Brazil. Phytokeys. 37:15-24 Sustainability. 5(6):535-538

SECTION 6 I PUBLICATIONS AND EVENTS 35 PUBLICATIONS

• Vörösmarty CJ, Pahl-Wostl links between global carbon, resources in a warming for improved resource use C, Bunn SE and Lawford water and nutrient cycles in climate. In: Vörösmarty CJ et efficiency? In: Vörösmarty R. 2013. Global water, an urbanizing world - the case al. (Eds). Aquatic and marine CJ et al. (Eds). Aquatic and the anthropocene and the of coastal eutrophication. systems. Current Opinion in marine systems. Current transformation of a science. In: Vörösmarty CJ et al. Environmental Sustainability. Opinion in Environmental In: Vörösmarty CJ et al (Eds). Aquatic and marine 5(6):590-598 Sustainability. 5(6):617-624 (Eds). Aquatic and marine systems. Current Opinion in systems. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability. • Yang H, Pfister S and Bhaduri • Allan C, Xia J and Pahl- Environmental Sustainability. 5(6): 566-572 A. 2013. Accounting for Wostl C. 2013. Climate 5(6):539-550 a scarce resource: virtual change and water security: • Gupta J, Pahl-Wostl C water and water footprint challenges for adaptive water • Gerten D, Hoff H, Rockström and Zondervan R. 2013. in the global water system. management. In: Vörösmarty J, Jägermeyr J, Kummu M ‘Glocal’ water governance: a In: Vörösmarty CJ et al. CJ et al. (Eds). Aquatic and and Pastor AV. 2013. Towards multi-level challenge in the (Eds). Aquatic and marine marine systems. Current a revised planetary boundary anthropocene. In: Vörösmarty systems. Current Opinion in Opinion in Environmental for consumptive freshwater CJ et al. (Eds). Aquatic and Environmental Sustainability. Sustainability. 5(6):625-632 use: role of environmental flow marine systems. Current 5(6):599-606 requirements. In: Vörösmarty Opinion in Environmental • Lawford R, Strauch A, Toll D, CJ et al. (Eds). Aquatic and Sustainability. 5(6):573-580 • Lawford R, Bogardi J, Fekete B and Cripe D. 2013. marine systems. Current Marx S, Jain S, Pahl-Wostl Earth observations for global Opinion in Environmental • Bogardi JJ, Fekete BM C, Knüppe K, Ringler C, water security. In: Vörösmarty Sustainability. 5(6):551-558 and Vörösmarty CJ. 2013. Lansigan F and Meza F. 2013. CJ et al. (Eds). Aquatic and Planetary boundaries revisited: Basin perspectives on the marine systems. Current • Cosgrove W. 2013. Water a view through the ‘water Water–Energy–Food Security Opinion in Environmental Futures: the evolution of water lens’. In: Vörösmarty CJ et al. Nexus. In: Vörösmarty CJ et Sustainability. 5(6):633-643 scenarios. In: Vörösmarty CJ et (Eds). Aquatic and marine al. (Eds). Aquatic and marine al. (Eds). Aquatic and marine systems. Current Opinion in systems. Current Opinion in • Renaud FG, Syvitski JPM, systems. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability. Environmental Sustainability. Sebesvari Z, Werners Environmental Sustainability. 5(6):581-589 5(6):607-616 SE, Kremer H, Kuenzer 5(6): 559-565 C, Ramesh R, Jeuken A • Thorsteinsson T, • Ringler C, Bhaduri A and and Friedrich J. 2013. • Kroeze C, Hofstra N, Ivens Jóhannesson T and Snorrason Lawford R. 2013. The nexus Tipping from the Holocene W, Löhr A, Strokal M and Á. 2013. Glaciers and ice across water, energy, land to the Anthropocene: How van Wijnen J. 2013. The caps: Vulnerable water and food (WELF): potential threatened are major world

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deltas? In: Vörösmarty C et Environmental Sustainability. Peeters A, Schneiders A, Services: Global Issues, Local al. (Eds). Aquatic and marine 5(6):676-684 Markandya A, Teller A, Prieur- Practices. Elsevier. 456p. systems. Current Opinion in Richard A-H, Haest B, Chevalier (Belgian DIVERSITAS National Environmental Sustainability. • Foster S, Chilton J, Nijsten C, Kretsch C, Fontaine C, Committee) 5(6):644-654 G-J and Richts A. 2013. Van Gijseghem D, Vrebos D, Groundwater — a global Landuyt D, Gómez-Baggethun • Keune H, Martens P, Kretsch • Ngcobo S, Jewitt GPW, focus on the ‘local resource’. E, Villa F, Turkelboom F, Ghys C and Prieur-Richard A-H. Stuart-Hill SI and Warburton In: Vörösmarty CJ et al. F, Huybrechs F, Van Hecken 2013. Ecosystem Service ML. 2013. Impacts of global (Eds). Aquatic and marine G, Deliège G, Duke G, Keune Debates: The Natural Relation change on southern African systems. Current Opinion in H, Wittmer H, Heyrman H, between Biodiversity and water resources systems. In: Environmental Sustainability. Simoens I, Liekens I, Staes Public Health: An Ecosystem Vörösmarty CJ et al. (Eds). 5(6):685-695 J, Verboven J, Panis JAE, Services Perspective. In: Aquatic and marine systems. Casaer J, Spangenberg JH, Jacobs S, Dendoncker N and Current Opinion in Environmental • Engel S and Schaefer M. Bastiaensen J, Gowdy J, Keune H (Eds). Ecosystem Sustainability. 5(6):655-666 2013. Ecosystem services Aertsens J, Brils J, Van der Services: Global Issues, Local — a useful concept for Biest K, Hertenweg K, Struyf Practices. Elsevier. 181-187 • Poff NL and Matthews JH. addressing water challenges? K, Verheyen K, Saad L, Raes 2013. Environmental flows In: Vörösmarty CJ et al. L, Franchois L, Gorissen L, De Bianchi FJJA, Mikos V, in the Anthropocene: past (Eds). Aquatic and marine Nocker L, Declercq L, Braat Brussaard L, Delbaere B progress and future prospects. systems. Current Opinion in LC, Janssens L, Meiresonne L, and Pulleman MM. 2013. In: Vörösmarty CJ et al. Environmental Sustainability. Flandroy L, Stevens M, Gryseels Opportunities and limitations (Eds). Aquatic and marine 5(6):696-707 M, Dufrêne M, Schaafsma for functional agrobiodiversity systems. Current Opinion in M, Thoonen M, Hermy M, in the European context. Science Environmental Sustainability. • Pahl-Wostl C, Vörösmarty Sharman M, Pipart N, Smeets Direct. 1164(27):223-231 5(6):667-675 C, Bhaduri A, Bogardi J, N, Dendoncker N, Beauchard Rockström J and Alcamo J. O, Meire P, Ulenaers P, Raquez Elmqvist T, Fragkias M, • Pahl-Wostl C, Palmer M and 2013. Towards a sustainable P, Goethals P, Baveye PC, Goodness J, Güneralp B, Richards K. 2013. Enhancing water future: shaping the Vangansbeke P, Martens P, De Marcotullio PJ, McDonald water security for the benefits next decade of global water Vreese R, D’Hondt R, Wallens S, RI, Parnell S, Schewenius of humans and nature — research. In: Vörösmarty CJ et Jacobs S, Cornell S, Van Gaever M, Sendstad M, Seto KC the role of governance. al. (Eds). Aquatic and marine S, Moolenaar SW, Broekx S, and Wilkinson C. 2013. In: Vörösmarty CJ et al. systems. Current Opinion in Danckaert S, Cerulus T, Bauler Urbanization, Biodiversity and (Eds). Aquatic and marine Environmental Sustainability. T, de Bie T, Van Gils W and Ecosystem Services: Challenges systems. Current Opinion in 5(6):708-714 Van Reeth W. 2013. Ecosystem and Opportunities - A Global

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Assessment. Springer. New York. • McDonald RI, Marcotullio Services. In: Elmqvist T et of Shanghai: Effects of 755p. PJ and Güneralp B. 2013. al. (Eds). Urbanization, Urbanization on the Diversity Urbanization and Global Trends Biodiversity and Ecosystem of Macrobenthic Invertebrates. • Elmqvist T, Fragkias M, in Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services: Challenges and In: Elmqvist T et al. (Eds). Goodness J, Güneralp B, Services. In: Elmqvist T et Opportunities. Springer. 65-74 Urbanization, Biodiversity and Marcotullio PJ, McDonald al. (Eds). Urbanization, Ecosystem Services: Challenges RI, Parnell S, Schewenius Biodiversity and Ecosystem • Sudhira HS and Nagendra and Opportunities. Springer. M, Sendstad M, Seto KC Services: Challenges and H. 2013. Local Assessment 107-122 and Wilkinson C. 2013. Opportunities. Springer. 31-52 of Bangalore: Graying and Front Matter. In: Elmqvist T Greening in Bangalore – • Müller N, Ignatieva M, Nilon et al. (Eds). Urbanization, • Seto KC. 2013. Regional Impacts of Urbanization CH, Werner P and Zipperer Biodiversity and Ecosystem Assessment of Asia. In: on Ecosystems, Ecosystem WC. 2013. Patterns and Trends Services: Challenges and Elmqvist T et al. (Eds). Services and Biodiversity. in Urban Biodiversity and Opportunities. Springer. Urbanization, Biodiversity and In: Elmqvist T et al. (Eds). Landscape Design. In: Elmqvist i-xxviii Ecosystem Services: Challenges Urbanization, Biodiversity and T et al. (Eds). Urbanization, and Opportunities. Springer. Ecosystem Services: Challenges Biodiversity and Ecosystem • Seto KC, Parnell S and 53-56 and Opportunities. Springer. Services: Challenges and Elmqvist T. 2013. A Global 75-91 Opportunities. Springer. 123- Outlook on Urbanization. • Güneralp B and Seto KC. 174 In: Elmqvist T et al. (Eds). 2013. Sub-regional Assessment • Kohsaka R, Shih W, Saito O Urbanization, Biodiversity and of China: Urbanization in and Sadohara S. 2013. Local • Gómez-Baggethun E, Gren Ecosystem Services: Challenges Biodiversity Hotspots. In: Assessment of Tokyo: Satoyama Å, Barton DN, Langemeyer and Opportunities. Springer. Elmqvist T et al. (Eds). and Satoumi – Traditional J, McPhearson T, O’Farrell 1-12 Urbanization, Biodiversity and Landscapes and Management P, Andersson E, Hamstead Ecosystem Services: Challenges Practices in a Contemporary Z and Kremer P. 2013. • Elmqvist T, Redman CL, and Opportunities. Springer. Urban Environment. In: Urban Ecosystem Services. Barthel S and Costanza R. 57-63 Elmqvist T et al. (Eds). In: Elmqvist T et al. (Eds). 2013. History of Urbanization Urbanization, Biodiversity and Urbanization, Biodiversity and and the Missing Ecology. • Nagendra H, Sudhira HS, Ecosystem Services: Challenges Ecosystem Services: Challenges In: Elmqvist T et al. (Eds). Katti M and Schewenius and Opportunities. Springer. and Opportunities. Springer. Urbanization, Biodiversity and M. 2013. Sub-regional 93-105 175-251 Ecosystem Services: Challenges Assessment of India: Effects and Opportunities. Springer. of Urbanization on Land Use, • Liu W, Chen X and Wang Q. • Haase D. 2013. Shrinking 13-30 Biodiversity and Ecosystem 2013. Local Assessment Cities, Biodiversity and

38 DIVERSITAS I ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 PUBLICATIONS

Ecosystem Services. In: Opportunities. Springer. 287- Urbanization, Biodiversity Urbanization, Biodiversity Elmqvist T et al. (Eds). 289 and Ecosystem Services: and Ecosystem Services: Urbanization, Biodiversity and Challenges and Opportunities. Challenges and Opportunities. Ecosystem Services: Challenges • Güneralp B, Tezer A and Springer. 337-354 Springer. 409-435 and Opportunities. Springer. Albayrak I. 2013. Local 252-274 Assessment of Istanbul: • McPhearson T, Maddox D, • Güneralp B, McDonald RI, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Gunther B and Bragdon D. Fragkias M, Goodness J, • Kronenberg J, Tezer A, Services. In: Elmqvist T et 2013. Local Assessment of Marcotullio PJ and Seto KC. Haase D and Colding J. al. (Eds). Urbanization, New York City: Biodiversity, 2013. Urbanization Forecasts, 2013. Regional Assessment Biodiversity and Ecosystem Green Space, and Ecosystem Effects on Land Use, of Europe. In: Elmqvist T Services: Challenges and Services. In: Elmqvist T et Biodiversity, and Ecosystem et al. (Eds). Urbanization, Opportunities. Springer. 290- al. (Eds). Urbanization, Services. In: Elmqvist T et Biodiversity and Ecosystem 311 Biodiversity and Ecosystem al. (Eds). Urbanization, Services: Challenges and Services: Challenges and Biodiversity and Ecosystem Opportunities. Springer. 275- • Colding J. 2013. Local Opportunities. Springer. 355- Services: Challenges and 278 Assessment of Stockholm: 383 Opportunities. Springer. 437- Revisiting the Stockholm 452 • McPhearson T, Auch R Urban Assessment. In: • Ives CD, Beilin R, Gordon and Alberti M. 2013. Elmqvist T et al. (Eds). A, Kendal D, Hahs AK and • Anderson PML, Okereke C, Regional Assessment of Urbanization, Biodiversity and McDonnell MJ. 2013. Local Rudd A and Parnell S. 2013. North America: Urbanization Ecosystem Services: Challenges Assessment of Melbourne: Regional Assessment of Africa. Trends, Biodiversity Patterns, and Opportunities. Springer. The Biodiversity and Social- In: Elmqvist T et al. (Eds). and Ecosystem Services. 313-335 Ecological Dynamics of Urbanization, Biodiversity In: Elmqvist T et al. (Eds). Melbourne, Australia. In: and Ecosystem Services: Urbanization, Biodiversity and • Heneghan L, Mulvaney C, Elmqvist T et al. (Eds). Challenges and Opportunities. Ecosystem Services: Challenges Ross K, Stewart S, Umek L, Urbanization, Biodiversity Springer. 453-459 and Opportunities. Springer. Watkins C, Wali A, Westphal and Ecosystem Services: 279-286 LM and Wise DH. 2013. Challenges and Opportunities. • Goodness J and Anderson Local Assessment of Chicago: Springer. 384-407 PML. 2013. Local Assessment • Dyball R, Ives CD and White From Wild Chicago to Chicago of Cape Town: Navigating the I. 2013. Regional Assessment Wilderness – Chicago’s • Fragkias M, Güneralp B, Management Complexities of of Oceania. In: Elmqvist T Ecological Setting and Seto KC and Goodness J. Urbanization, Biodiversity, et al. (Eds). Urbanization, Recent Efforts to Protect and 2013. A Synthesis of Global and Ecosystem Services in Biodiversity and Ecosystem Restore Nature in the Region. Urbanization Projections. the Cape Floristic Region. Services: Challenges and In: Elmqvist T et al. (Eds). In: Elmqvist T et al. (Eds). In: Elmqvist T et al. (Eds).

SECTION 6 I PUBLICATIONS AND EVENTS 39 PUBLICATIONS

Urbanization, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services: Opportunities. Springer. 665- Urbanization, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services: Challenges and Opportunities. 698 and Ecosystem Services: Challenges and Opportunities. Springer. 589-608 Challenges and Opportunities. Springer. 464-484 • Kohsaka R, Pereira HM, Springer. 719-746 • Herzog CP and Finotti R. Elmqvist T, Chan L, Moreno- • Solecki W and Marcotullio 2013. Local Assessment of Peñaranda R, Morimoto Y, Faith DP. 2013. Biodiversity. PJ. 2013. Climate Change Rio de Janeiro City: Two Case Inoue T, Iwata M, Nishi M, The Stanford Encyclopedia of and Urban Biodiversity Studies of Urbanization Trends da Luz Mathias M, Souto Philosophy. Vulnerability. In: Elmqvist T and Ecological Impacts. Cruz C, Cabral M, Brunfeldt et al. (Eds). Urbanization, In: Elmqvist T et al. (Eds). M, Parkkinen A, Niemelä Gómez-Baggethuna E and Biodiversity and Ecosystem Urbanization, Biodiversity J, Kulkarni-Kawli Y and Barton DN. 2013. Classifying Services: Challenges and and Ecosystem Services: Pearsell G. 2013. Indicators and valuing ecosystem services Opportunities. Springer. 485- Challenges and Opportunities. for Management of Urban for urban planning. Ecological 504 Springer. 609-628 Biodiversity and Ecosystem Economics. 86:235–245 Services: City Biodiversity Index. • Deutsch L, Dyball R and • Krasny ME, Lundholm C, In: Elmqvist T et al. (Eds). Jansson Å. 2013. Reaching Steffen W. 2013. Feeding Shava S, Lee E and Kobori Urbanization, Biodiversity and for a sustainable, resilient Cities: Food Security and H. 2013. Urban Landscapes Ecosystem Services: Challenges urban future using the lens of Ecosystem Support in an as Learning Arenas for and Opportunities. Springer. ecosystem services. Ecological Urbanizing World. In: Elmqvist Biodiversity and Ecosystem 699-718 Economics. 86:285–291 T et al. (Eds). Urbanization, Services Management. In: Biodiversity and Ecosystem Elmqvist T et al. (Eds). • Elmqvist T, Fragkias M, Keune H, Kretsch C, De Blust Services: Challenges and Urbanization, Biodiversity Goodness J, Güneralp B, G, Gilbert M, Flandroy L, Van Opportunities. Springer. 505- and Ecosystem Services: Marcotullio PJ, McDonald den Berge K, Versteirt V, 537 Challenges and Opportunities. RI, Parnell S, Schewenius Hartig T, De Keersmaecker Springer. 629-664 M, Sendstad M, Seto KC, L, Eggermont H, Brosens D, • Pauchard A and Barbosa O. Wilkinson C, Alberti M, Dessein J, Vanwambeke S, 2013. Regional Assessment of • Handel SN, Saito O Folke C, Frantzeskaki N, Prieur-Richard A-H, Wittmer Latin America: Rapid Urban and Takeuchi K. 2013. Haase D, Katti M, Nagendra H, Van Herzele A, Linard C, Development and Social Restoration Ecology in an H, Niemelä J, Pickett STA, Martens P, Mathijs E, Simoens Economic Inequity Threaten Urbanizing World. In: Elmqvist Redman CL and Tidball K. I, Van Damme P, Volckaert Biodiversity Hotspots. In: T et al. (Eds). Urbanization, 2013. Stewardship of the F, Heyman P and Bauler T. Elmqvist T et al. (Eds). Biodiversity and Ecosystem Biosphere in the Urban Era. 2013. Science-policy challenges Urbanization, Biodiversity Services: Challenges and In: Elmqvist T et al. (Eds). for biodiversity, public health

40 DIVERSITAS I ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 PUBLICATIONS

and urbanization: examples Environmental Sustainability. Rodrigues-Nogueira A, Reports and from Belgium. Environmental 5(Special Issue):1-6 Silveira R and Felix- Policy Briefs Research Letters. 8(2):025015 Guimaraes J. 2013. Neogene- (19p.) Pereira HM, Ferrier S, Walters Quaternary sedimentary and DIVERSITAS. 2014. Annual M, Geller GN, Jongman paleovegetation history of the Report 2013-2014. 52p. Laity T and Faith DP. 2013. RHG, Scholes RJ, Bruford eastern Solimoes Basin, central Phylogenetic Analyses + MW, Brummitt N, Butchart Amazon region. Journal of DIVERSITAS e-newsletter. 2013- Conservation Assessment and SHM, Cardoso AC, Coops NC, South American Earth Sciences. 2014. Planning In Australia – an Dulloo E, Faith DP, Freyhof 46:89-99 ACEAS project. In: (Eds.). J, Gregory RD, Heip C, Höft Elmqvist T. 2014. Urban Terrestrial Ecosystem Research R, Hurtt G, Jetz W, Karp D, Zuntini A, Fonseca L and Social-Ecological Systems, Network (TERN) McGeoch MA, Obura D, Onoda Lohmann L. 2013. Primers Sustainability and Resilience- Y, Pettorelli N, Reyers B, Sayre for phylogeny reconstruction Implications for SDGs and Larondelle N and Haase D. R, Scharlemann JPW, Stuart in Bignonieae (Bignoniaceae) Development of Indicators. 2013. Urban ecosystem services SN, Turak E, Walpole M and using herbarium samples. assessment along a rural–urban Wegmann M. 2013. Essential Applications in Plant Sciences. Prieur-Richard A-H, Payet- gradient: A cross-analysis of Biodiversity Variables. Science. 1(9) Lebourges K and Machalaba European cities. Ecological 339(6117):227-278 C. 2014. Contribution of Indicators. 29 Yahara T, Javadi F, Onoda Y, Biodiversity to Sustainable Reyers B, Biggs R, Cumming Paganucci L, Faith DP, Prado Development Goals. Mooney HA, Duraiappah A GS, Elmqvist T, Hejnowicz AP DE, Akasaka M, Kadoya T, and Larigauderie A. 2013. and Polasky S. 2013. Getting Ishihama F, Davies S, Ferry Duraiappah A, Asah S, Evolution of natural and the measure of ecosystem Slik JW, Yi T, Ma K, Bin C, Brondizio E, Prieur-Richard social science interactions services: a social-ecological Darnaedi D, Pennington RT, A-H and Subramanian S. 2013. in global change research approach. Frontiers in Tuda M, Shimada M, Ito M, Managing Biodiversity is About programs. Proceedings of the Ecology and the Environment. Egan AN, Buerki S, Raes N, People. 40. CBD. National Academy of Sciences. 11(5):268-273 Kajita T, Mimura M, Tachida 110(Supplement 1):3665-3672 H, Iwasa Y, Smith GF, Victor Roche B, Rohani P, Dobson JE and Nkonki T. 2013. Global Nagendra H, Reyers B and AP and Guégan J-F. 2013. legume diversity assessments: Lavorel S. 2013. Impacts of The Impact of Community concepts, key indicators, and land change on biodiversity: Organization on Vector-Borne strategies. Taxon. 62(2):249- making the link to ecosystem Pathogens. The American 266 services. Current Opinion in Naturalist. 181(1):1-11

SECTION 6 I PUBLICATIONS AND EVENTS 41 EVENTS

Below is a summary of all events directly organised or co-organised by DIVERSITAS between June 2013 and December 2014.

JUNE 2013 Academic research and ABS in Latin America and the Carribean preparatory meeting Montevideo, Uruguay EcoHealthNet Workshop 2013 New York, USA Expert Workshop on the Global Biodiversity Outlook 4 (GBO-4) at CBD SBSTTA18 Montreal, Canada Side events at CBD SBSTTA18 Montreal, Canada ◗◗ Perspectives from the IPCC and the CBD on climate change and biodiversity: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability ◗◗ Fostering Synergies Between Biodiversity and Human Health: towards the post-2015 Development Agenda JULY 2013 SC-GEO BON annual meeting 2013 Geneva, Switzerland IPBES Pan European Stakeholder meeting Leipzig, Germany AUGUST 2013 Symposium at British Ecological Society / INTECOL Joint Conference London, UK ◗◗ bioDISCOVERY: The TRY initiative ◗◗ GMBA workshop: Integrated assessments for IPBES in the framework of a world-wide high mountain environmental observatory system SEPTEMBER 2013 GWSP Side Events at World Water Week 2013 Stockholm, Sweden 5th workshop of the TRY initiative Leipzig, Germany German National Committee for Future Earth meeting Leipzig, Germany bioDISCOVERY – GBO-4 Experts meeting Cambridge, UK Chinese meeting on Future Earth Beijing, China OCTOBER 2013 agroBIODIVERSITY workshop on climate change adaptation Rome, Italy Expert Workshop on enhancing biodiversity data and observing systems in support of the implementation of the Montreal, Canada Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 at CBD SBSTTA17 Side event “Scenarios assessment for the Global Biodiversity Outlook 4” at CBD SBSTTA17 Montreal, Canada 4th Eco-Evol workshop Leipzig, Germany

42 DIVERSITAS I ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 EVENTS

NOVEMBER 2013 German National Committee for Future Earth meeting Germany ecoSERVICES workshop Paris, France ecoHEALTH workshop: 2nd BIODIS workshop Aix-en-Provence, France SC-DIVERSITAS extraordinary meeting Paris, France Science-policy workshop on Academic research and ABS in Latin America and the Caribbean Lima, Peru DECEMBER 2013 Stakeholder Days at IPBES-2 Antalya, Turkey Side event “Stakeholder Engagement Strategy and the outcomes of the Stakeholders Days” at IPBES-2 Antalya, Turkey JANUARY 2014 Day on Biodiversity Observation at GEO-X Geneva, Switzerland German Future Earth Summit 2014 Berlin, Germany FEBRUARY 2014 bioDISCOVERY – GBO-4 expert meeting Vancouver, Canada bioGENESIS-GEO BON Workshop “Genetic Diversity Report” Kyushu, Japan urbanEARTH Scoping Meeting London, UK MARCH 2014 bioGENESIS workshop “Phylogeny, extinction risks and conservation” London, UK SC-bioGENESIS annual meeting London, UK APRIL 2014 HarmBio workshop & SC-bioDISCOVERY meeting Leipzig, Germany MAY 2014 HarmBio workshop “Decisions Support Systems for Biodiversity Predictions” (bioDISCOVERY) Crete, Greece JULY 2014 ecoHEALTH workshop: 3rd BIODIS meeting Aix-en-Provence, France

SECTION 6 I PUBLICATIONS AND EVENTS 43 EVENTS

AUGUST 2014 EcoHealth 2014 Conference “Connections for health, ecosystems & society” Montréal, Québec, Canada SEPTEMBER 2014 Symposium at 7th Ecosystem Services Partnership Conference: Monitoring ecosystem services to support decision- San José, Costa Rica making DIVERSITAS Celebration Seville, Spain SC-DIVERSITAS annual meeting Seville, Spain SC-bioGENESIS meeting Seville, Spain SC-ecoHEALTH meeting Seville, Spain SC-ecoSERVICES meeting Seville, Spain OCTOBER 2014 Side events at COP 12 Pyeongchang, ◗◗ The science behind GBO-4 - Introducing the technical support document Republic of Korea ◗◗ Bridging biodiversity science and society: a youth contribution towards mainstreaming GBO-4 findings ◗◗ Access and Benefit-Sharing in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Science-Policy dialogue for academic research ◗◗ Launch of The State Of Knowledge Review On Biodiversity And Health: “Framing Biodiversity And Health In The Context Of The Post-2015 Development Agenda” ◗◗ Tackling common drivers of disease and biodiversity loss: a One Health approach ◗◗ How can science really add value to global biodiversity governance? Discussing the effectiveness of science- policy-interfaces DECEMBER 2014 SC-bioDISCOVERY meeting Lille, France ecoHEALTH workshop: 4th BIODIS meeting Aix-en-Provence, France

44 DIVERSITAS I ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 DIVERSITAS COMMITTEES Expanding network strengthens international framework

DIVERSITAS Committees enlarge DIVERSITAS’ scientific and policy networks, thereby helping to establish crucial links between national biodiversity programmes and international framework activities. They also make it possible to implement the DIVERSITAS strategic plan, adapting where necessary to local and regional concerns. To this end, each DIVERSITAS Committee is encouraged to include representatives from three key groups: active scientists, policy makers and managers of national biodiversity programmes.

The DIVERSITAS National Committees include:

ZZ Full members, who provide an annual financial contribution to DIVERSITAS

ZZ Affiliated members who have identified a contact point or assembled a national committee, but do not contribute financially to the programme.

As Future Earth is getting established some countries are developing Future Earth National Committees bringing together the DIVERSITAS, IGBP, IHDP and WCRP national committees.

SECTION 7 I NATIONAL COMMITTEES 45 DIVERSITAS COMMITTEES’ INITIATIVES IN 2013-2014 The following provides examples of activities undertaken by DIVERSITAS Committees in support of the global science framework. 2013 July “Ramsar Kushiro Conference + 20” – Future of Wetlands and the Role of the Ramsar Convention (Japan) September German National Committee for Future Earth workshop (Germany) Chinese National Committee for Future Earth workshop (China) DIVERSITAS NATIONAL COMMITTEES October Belgian Biodiversity Platform Conference: Conservation Research Matters IN 2013-2014 (Belgium) (Established committee**) Symposium “Risk societies, edge environments: ecosystems and livelihoods in the balance” (Japan)

Full Members Affiliated Members November German National Committee for Future Earth meeting (Germany) Future Earth consultation: “Future Earth in Asia and the Pacific” Argentina Australia** (Republic of Korea) Austria** Belarus** ClimEcol Workshop: From climate to ecology: a dialog between IPBES and IPCC Belgium** Brazil communities (France) China – Taipei** Chile France** China** 2014 Germany** Estonia January Future Earth – GEC projects meetings (USA) Mexico** Hungary German Future Earth Summit 2014 (Germany) Norway** Indonesia** February International Workshop on Agro(eco)system Services (Germany) Slovak Republic** Ireland** South Africa Japan** March 11th International Conference on Urban Health (UK) Sweden Kenya April French conference on Biodiversity under the hypothesis of a world at +4°C Switzerland** Malawi (France) The Netherlands** Morocco Ecoscope, Metadata Workshop (France) United Kingdom** Philippines** 15th Swiss Global Change Day (Switzerland) USA** Portugal Russia June Future Earth symposium (China) Saudi Arabia October Meeting of Ecoscope, French BON (France) Spain** BiodivERsA Final conference and funded projects’ kick-off conference (France) Vietnam November French meeting of the IPCC and IPBES communities (France)

46 DIVERSITAS I ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 PEOPLE

DIVERSITAS Scientific Committee Chair Carlos Joly Harini Nagendra Georgina Mace State University of Campinas, Brazil Ashoka Trust for Research Imperial College London, UK in Ecology and the Environment, Philippe Le Prestre India Members Laval University, Canada Belinda Reyers David Cooper Mark Lonsdale (Treasurer) Council for Scientific Convention on Biological Diversity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research, Montreal, Canada and Industrial Research Organisation, South Africa Australia Sandra Diaz Billie Turner Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Hiroyuki Matsuda Arizona State University, USA Argentina Yokohama National University, Japan Elva Escobar Harold Mooney (past-Chair) Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Stanford University, USA Mexico, Mexico

Ex-officio Members ICSU CBD UNESCO Steven Wilson Braulio F. de Souza Dias Gretchen Kalonji International Council for Science, Executive Secretary, Canada Wendy Watson-Wright (since April France 2014) SCOPE Natural Sciences, UNESCO, France IUBS Lu Yonglong Nils Christian Stenseth China-CAST, China Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary John Samseth (since Jan 2014) Synthesis, Norway International Union of Pure and Applied Physics, Norway Global Environmental Change Programmes IGBP IHDP WCRP James Syvitski Partha Dasgupta Antonio J. Busalacchi University of Colorado, USA University of Cambridge, UK University of Maryland, USA

PEOPLE: COMMITTEES AND SECRETARIAT 47 PEOPLE

SC-Future Earth Chair Eduardo Brondizio Susanne Moser Mark Stafford Smith Indiana University, USA Research and Consulting, USA Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australia Bradley Cardinale Karen O’Brien University of Michigan, USA University of Oslo, Norway

Vice Chairs Sandra Diaz Dahe Qin Belinda Reyers Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina China Meteorological Administration, Council for Scientific and Industrial China Research, South Africa Armin Grunwald Institute for Technology – Assessment Caroline Vera Melissa Leach and Systems Analysis, Germany Atmosphere and Ocean Sciences (CIMA) Institute of Development Studies, UK and UMI/IFAECI, Argentina Heinz Gutscher University of Zürich, Switzerland Youba Sokona Members Observatory of the Sahara Bina Agarwal Corine Le Quéré and the Sahel, Ethiopia University of Manchester, UK University of East Anglia, UK Tetsuzo Yasunari Xuemei Bai Chiekh Mbow Hydrospheric Atmospheric Australian National University, Australia World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Kenya Research Center, Japan

Interim Engagement Committee, Future Earth (as of December 2013) Chair Andrew Revkin Guido Schmidt-Traub Robert Tony Watson Pace University’s Pace Academy for UN Sustainable Development Solutions Tyndall Center, University of East Applied Environmental Studies, USA Network, USA Anglia, UK Debra Roberts Farooq Ullah James V. Griffiths Environmental Planning and Climate Stakeholder Forum, UK World Business Council for Sustainable Protection Department of eThekwini Development, Switzerland Municipality, Durban, South Africa

Amy Luers Climate at the Skoll Global Threats Fund, USA

48 DIVERSITAS I ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 PEOPLE

Future Earth Engagement Committee (as of November 2014) Chair Mario Hernandez Debra Roberts Jairam Ramesh International Society of Environmental Planning and Climate Member of the Indian Parliament, Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Protection Department of eThekwini India Switzerland Municipality, Durban, South Africa

James Fahn Yolanda Kakabadse Björn Stigson Earth Journalism Network, USA WWF, Ecuador Stigson and partners, Sweden

Vore Gana Seck Amy Luers Farooq Ullah Green Senegal, Senegal Climate at the Skoll Global Threats Stakeholder Forum, UK Fund, USA Marina Grossi Scott Vaughan Brazilian Business Council for Tim Payn International Institute for Sustainable Sustainable Development, Brazil Forest Research Institute, New Zealand Development, Canada

Masayo Hasegawa Kari Raivio Ruth Wolstenholme Toyota Motor Corporation, Japan University of Helsinki, Finland Sniffer, Scotland

DIVERSITAS Secretariat Anne-Hélène Prieur-Richard Acting Executive Director

Cornelia Krug Science officer

Karine Payet-Lebourges Science Officer

Melina Sakiyama Science Officer

Béatrice Perceval Administrative Assistant

PEOPLE: COMMITTEES AND SECRETARIAT 49 Financial INCOME EUROS National contributions 596 611 Summary USA (USGCRC) France (Ministère de la Recherche) Statement of income and expenditure Germany (DFG, BMBF) 1st January to 31st December 2013 United Kingdom (NERC) The Netherlands (NWO, KNAW) South Africa (NRF) Norway (RCN) Belgium (Belspo) Sweden (SSEESS) Switzerland (SNSF) Argentina (CONICET) Austria (BMWF) China-Taipei Mexico (CONACYT) Slovak Republic

Grants (CBD, ICSU-UNESCO) 101 328 Other income 338 518 Benefit from previous years 187 190 TOTAL INCOME 1 223 647

EXPENSES Scientific activities 1 040 413 Communication and publications 10 739 Operating costs 172 495 TOTAL EXPENSES 1 223 647 Mandatory reserve 266 045

In kind contribution from France From MNHN (Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle): Host of International Secretariat

50 DIVERSITAS I ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 Acknowledgements Funding for the activities of DIVERSITAS was provided through core funding and support to specific activities originating from the following:

Academia Sinica, China-Taipei Agence Nationale de la Recherche - SCION, France American Museum of Natural History, Department of Ornithology, USA Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation (ATBC) Brigham Young University, USA Center of Excellence for Asian Conservation Ecology (JSPS), Japan Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Brazil Convention on Biological Diversity EcoHealth Alliance (ex Wildlife Trust) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), USA Environment Research & Technology Development Fund, Ministry of Environment, Japan European Commission FP7 Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), Germany Federal Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, Austria French Foundation for Biodiversity Research – CESAB programme Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), Brazil German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research Leipzig–Jena-Halle (iDIV) German Research Foundation (DFG), Germany Ministries of Agriculture and Environment, The Netherlands Ministry of Higher Education and Research, France Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), France (in-kind support) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), USA National Council on Science and Technology (CONACYT), Mexico National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), The Netherlands National Institutes of Health (NIH), USA National Research Foundation (NRF), South Africa National Science Foundation (USGCRP, NSF-GEO, NSF-BIO), USA Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), United Kingdom Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO), The Netherlands Network Forum Biodiversity Research Germany (DIVERSITAS Deutschland) Research Council of Norway, Norway Royal Netherlands Society of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), The Netherlands Royal Society, UK Slovak Academy of Sciences, Slovak Republic Stockholm Resilience Centre, Sweden Swedbio, Sweden Swedish Research Council Formas, Sweden Swedish Secretariat for Environmental Earth System Sciences (SSEESS), Sweden Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), Switzerland The Mars Foundation, USA University of California - Davis, USA US National Institute of Health (NIH), USA

DIVERSITAS expresses its gratitude to all of these organisations as well as to the French Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle (MNHN) for hosting the DIVERSITAS International Secretariat.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 51 Acronyms

ABS Access and Benefit-Sharing FRB Fondation pour la Recherche sur la NERC Natural Environment Research Council (UK) AHTEG Ad Hoc Technical Expert Group Biodiversité (France) NGO Non Governmental Organisation GBIF Global Biodiversity Information Facility AIMES Earth System synthesis and integration NIES National Institute for Environmental Studies project GBO-4 Global Biodiversity Outlook 4 (Japan) ATBC Association of Tropical Biodiversity GCP Global Carbon Project NRF National Research Foundation (S-Africa) Conservation GEC Global Environmental Change NSF National Science Foundation (USA) BC3 Basque Centre for Climate Change GECHH Global Environmental Change and Human NSF RCN NSF Research Coordination Network BMBF Federal Ministry of Education and Research Health NWO Organisation for Scientific Research (The (Germany) GEO Group on Earth Observation Netherlands) BMWF Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft und GEO Global Environmental Outlook of UNEP OWG Open Working Group Forschung (Austria) CAST Chinese Academy of Space Technology GEO-BON Group on Earth Observations-Biodiversity PBL The Netherlands Environmental Assessment Observing Network Agency CBD Convention on Biological Diversity GEOSS Global Earth Observation System of Systems RCN Research Council of Norway CBO Cities and Biodiversity Outlook GLORIA Global Observation Research Initiative in Alpine REFARM Resilience Framework for Agriculture and Risk CCAFS Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security Environments Management CESAB Centre de Synthèse et d'Analyse sur la GMBA Global Mountain Biodiversity Assessment SBAs Societal Benefit Areas (GEOSS) Biodiversité (France) GWSP Global Water System Project SBSTA Subsidiary Body for Scientific and CGIAR Consultative Group on International HarmBIO Harmonising Global Biodiversity Models Technological Advice Agriculture Research Project SBSTTA Subsidiary Body for Scientific, Technical and CNPq Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento ICSU International Council for Science Technological Advice Científico e Tecnológico (Brazil) SC Scientific Committee CNRS Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ICSU ROLAC ICSU Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean SCNAT Swiss Academy of Sciences CONACYT National Council on Science and Technology IGBP International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme SCOPE Scientific Committee on Problems of the (Mexico) Environment CONICET Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones IGFA International Group of Funding Agencies for SDGs Sustainable Development Goals Científicas y Técnicas (Argentina) global change research IHDP International Human Dimensions Programme SNSF Swiss National Science Foundation COP Conference Of the Parties on global environment change SSEESS Swedish Secretariat for Environmental Earth Current Opinion in Environmental COSUST IPBES Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity System Sciences Sustainability and Ecosystem Services UBC University of British Columbia (Canada) CSIRO Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Research Organisation (Australia) UN United Nations IPO International Project Office DEBED DIVERSITAS ecoHEALTH on Biodiversity and UNDP United Nations Development Programme International Social Science Council Emerging Diseases ISSC UNEP United Nations Environment Programme International Union of Biological Sciences DEEED DIVERSITAS ecoHEALTH Economics of Emerging IUBS UNEP-WCMC UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre International Union for Conservation of Diseases project IUCN UNEP-GEF UNEP Global Environment Facility DFG Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Germany) Nature UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and EBVs Essential Biodiversity Variables KNAW Royal Netherlands Society of Arts and Sciences Cultural Organization EcoEvol Eco-evolutionary approaches to understanding UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on LTER Long Term Ecological Research and predicting the response of species and Climate Change ecosystems to climate change Project MEA Millennium Ecosystem Assessment UNU United Nations University EcoFINDERS Ecological Function and Biodiversity Indicators MEP Multidisciplinary Expert Panel (IPBES) URBES Urban Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in European Soils MIREN Mountain Invasion Research Network USAID United States Agency for International EID Emerging Infectious Disease MNHN Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle Development URCM Urban and Regional Carbon Management ESP Ecosystem Services Partnership MoL Map of Life USGS United States Geological Survey EU-COST European Cooperation in Science and MoU Memorandum of Understanding Technology WCRP World Climate Research Programme NASA National Air and Space Administration (USA) WHO World Health Organisation FAO Food and Agriculture Organization NBSAP National Biodiversity Strategies and Action FAPESP São Paulo Research Foundation (Brazil) Plan WMO World Meteorological Organisation

52 DIVERSITAS I ANNUAL REPORT 2013-14 Getting involved… The success of DIVERSITAS has been due to the voluntary involvement of scientists and organisations from around the world. The primary means of contributing to DIVERSITAS over the years has been as an individual scientist, as a member of a DIVERSITAS National Committee, through funding, or as a partner in science-policy endeavours.

Now DIVERSITAS activities are merging into Future Earth but a similar collaborative ethos will contribute to the success of Future Earth, with an even larger community, a broader range of social and natural scientific disciplines, and of stakeholders.

As the DIVERSITAS Secretariat is closing on 31st December 2014, for further information and involvement, please contact: w The relevant Future Earth (ex-DIVERSITAS) Core Projects’ Science Officer(see page 12) for activities related to these projects; w The GEO BON Secretariat (www.earthobservations.org/geobon.shtml) and GMBA (see page 12) for activities related to observation; w bioDISCOVERY (see page 12) and ICSU (www.icsu.org) for activities related to assessment (e.g. IPBES); w Future Earth (see page 5) for science-policy activities (e.g. Convention on Biological Diversity, post 2015 SDGs process); w Future Earth (see page 5) for matters related to National Committees and Future Earth development. DIVERSITAS Secretariat c/o Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN) Maison Buffon 57, Rue Cuvier – CP 41 75231 Paris Cedex 05 France Tel: +33 (0)1 40 79 80 40 Fax: +33 (0)1 40 79 80 45 [email protected] www.diversitas-international.org