Addressing the Uncertain Future of Preserving the Past
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
THE ARTS This PDF document was made available from www.rand.org as a public CHILD POLICY service of the RAND Corporation. CIVIL JUSTICE EDUCATION ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT Jump down to document6 HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit research NATIONAL SECURITY POPULATION AND AGING organization providing objective analysis and effective PUBLIC SAFETY solutions that address the challenges facing the public SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY and private sectors around the world. SUBSTANCE ABUSE TERRORISM AND HOMELAND SECURITY TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE Support RAND WORKFORCE AND WORKPLACE Browse Books & Publications Make a charitable contribution For More Information Visit RAND at www.rand.org Explore RAND Europe View document details Limited Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non-commercial use only. Unauthorized posting of RAND PDFs to a non-RAND Web site is prohibited. RAND PDFs are protected under copyright law. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please see RAND Permissions. This product is part of the RAND Corporation technical report series. Reports may include research findings on a specific topic that is limited in scope; present discus- sions of the methodology employed in research; provide literature reviews, survey instruments, modeling exercises, guidelines for practitioners and research profes- sionals, and supporting documentation; or deliver preliminary findings. All RAND reports undergo rigorous peer review to ensure that they meet high standards for re- search quality and objectivity. Addressing the uncertain future of preserving the past Towards a robust strategy for digital archiving and preservation Stijn Hoorens, Jeff Rothenberg, Constantijn van Orange, Martijn van der Mandele, Ruth Levitt Prepared for the Koninklijke Bibliotheek The research described in this report was prepared for the Koninklijke Bibliotheek. The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit research organization providing objective analysis and effective solutions that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors around the world. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. R® is a registered trademark. © Copyright 2007 RAND Corporation All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from RAND. Published 2007 by the RAND Corporation 1776 Main Street, P.O. Box 2138, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138 1200 South Hayes Street, Arlington, VA 22202-5050 4570 Fifth Avenue, Suite 600, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-2665 Westbrook Centre, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 1YG, United Kingdom RAND URL: http://www.rand.org RAND Europe URL: http://www.rand.org/randeurope To order RAND documents or to obtain additional information, contact Distribution Services: Telephone: (310) 451-7002; Fax: (310) 451-6915; Email: [email protected] Preface This document examines key determinants of the sustainable digital preservation of scholarly records, with specific reference to developing a robust approach to the archiving of such records at the Koninklijke Bibliotheek, in The Netherlands, which commissioned and funded this study. The purpose of the document is to analyse the Koninklijke Bibliotheek’s e-Depot strategy in the context of wider developments in the archiving and publishing environment, develop scenarios for future framework conditions and highlight a range of strategic options to sustain the Koninklijke Bibliotheek’s successful record in digital preservation. Storing and curating authentic academic literature and making it accessible for the long term has been a time-honoured task of the Koninklijke Bibliotheek, as of other national libraries. By guarding existing knowledge and facilitating its use to produce new insights, national and university libraries have formed an integral part of the research ecosystem, complementing the roles of other stakeholders such as researchers, publishers and funders. However, recently the digital revolution has modified fundamentally the way that research results are circulated, reviewed, accessed and preserved. Hitherto established models of market dynamics and stewardship need to be rethought and part of the responsibilities of national libraries redefined. The Koninklijke Bibliotheek is among the pioneers of digital archiving and has demonstrated a degree of concern with long-term strategy that is rare among the stakeholders concerned. Such long-term strategy requires a sound evidence base, but it also must acknowledge the need to respond flexibly to a variety of possible future developments and events. Based on desk research and international expert interviews, this report was produced to answer both these requirements. The report will be of interest to staff at the Koninklijke Bibliotheek, as well as decision- makers at other national and university libraries faced with the challenges of digital archiving and preservation. It will also be relevant to other stakeholders in the distribution of scholarly knowledge, including traditional and open-access publishers, operators of dissemination portals, researchers, learned societies, journal editors, funders, developers of preservation technologies and governments. RAND Europe is an independent private, not-for-profit, research institution which helps to improve policy and decision-making through research and analysis. RAND Europe is an independently-chartered European unit of the worldwide operating think tank, the RAND iii Corporation.1 For more information about RAND Europe or this document, please contact: Stijn Hoorens Jeff Rothenberg RAND Europe RAND Westbrook Centre 1776 Main Street Milton Road PO Box 2138 Cambridge CB4 1YG Santa Monica, CA 90407 UK USA Tel: +44 1223 353329 Tel: +1-310-393-0411 email: [email protected] email: [email protected] 1 For more information about the RAND Corporation and RAND Europe, please see: http://www.rand.org and http://www.randeurope.org. iv Contents Preface........................................................................................................................ iii List of figures, tables and boxes.................................................................................. vii Executive summary......................................................................................................ix Acknowledgements....................................................................................................xix CHAPTER 1 Introduction ....................................................................................1 1.1 Why digital preservation is important................................................................ 1 1.2 Scope, objectives and approach.......................................................................... 1 1.3 Structure of this report ...................................................................................... 4 CHAPTER 2 A brief history of preserving the digital past.....................................5 2.1 A new era for academic publishing .................................................................... 5 2.2 Concerns about perpetual access........................................................................ 6 2.3 Digital archiving and preservation ..................................................................... 7 2.4 KB and the e-Depot .......................................................................................... 9 2.5 Defining some terms ....................................................................................... 11 CHAPTER 3 Scholarly dissemination and publishing: a complex and dynamic environment................................................................................15 3.1 The outlook of scholarly dissemination and publishing: key figures and trends ........................................................................................................... 15 3.2 Stakeholders’ views on scholarly dissemination and publishing........................ 22 3.3 Trends and uncertainties in scholarly dissemination and publishing ................ 26 CHAPTER 4 Digital archiving and preservation: an area under construction ...............................................................................................33 4.1 The outlook of digital preservation: key figures ............................................... 33 4.2 Stakeholders’ views on digital preservation....................................................... 35 4.3 Assessment of three preservation models.......................................................... 37 4.4 Costs of archiving and preservation ................................................................. 44 4.5 Trends and uncertainties in preservation ......................................................... 46 CHAPTER 5 The uncertain future of preserving the past....................................53 5.1 Scenario development...................................................................................... 53 5.2 Driving forces of digital preservation ............................................................... 55 v Addressing the uncertain