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Act003acta15 01.Pdf A DEBRECENI EGYETEM NÉDERLANDISZTIKA TANSZÉKÉNEK KIADVÁNYA UITGAVE VAN DE VAKGROEP NEDERLANDS VAN DE UNIVERSITEIT DEBRECEN Redactie: Gábor Pusztai Réka Bozzay Gert Loosen Márta Kántor-Faragó Zsuzsa Tóth Jaap Doedens Marc Michels Redactieraad: Júlia Albertné Balázsi (KRE Boedapest) Judit Gera (ELTE Boedapest) Michiel van Kempen (Universiteit van Amsterdam) Ferenc Postma (VU Amsterdam) Gerard Termorshuizen (KITLV Leiden) Herbert Van Uffelen (Universiteit Wenen) Technische redactie: Marianna Fekete-Balogh Redactieadres: Universiteit Debrecen Vakgroep Nederlands H-4032 Debrecen Egyetem tér 1. ACTA NEERLANDICA is een reeks wetenschappelijke bijdragen op het gebied van de Nederlandse taal- en letterkunde en cultuur. In ACTA NEERLANDICA presenteren neer- landici van binnen en buiten Hongarije hun onderzoeksresultaten. ACTA NEERLANDICA verschijnt onregelmatig. Dit nummer werd mede mogelijk gemaakt door de financiële steun van de Ambassade van het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden te Boedapest en de Hungarian Academy of Sciences – University of Debrecen “Lendület” Hungary in Medieval Europe Research Group (LP- 2014-13/2014). ISSN 1587-8171 ISBN 978-963-318-730-2 Debreceni Egyetemi Kiadó Debrecen University Press Felelős kiadó: Karácsony Gyöngyi Felelős szerkesztő: Pusztai Gábor Technikai szerkesztő: Feketéné Balogh Marianna Készült a Debreceni Egyetemi Kiadó nyomdaüzemében INHOUD Voorwoord......................................................................................... 5 László Pósán: Niederländische Kolonisten in Ungarn in der Arpad-Ära ................ 7 Attila Bárány: Koning Sigismund en zijn gevolg in de Lage Landen – Neder- landers in Hongarije ......................................................................... 23 Krisztina Fehér: Relations architecturales entre le château de Hunedoara et le Palais des Ducs de Bourgogne de Dijon au milieu du XVè siècle particulierement en matière des naissances des voûtes .................... 65 László Zsigmond Bujtás: Het Nederlandbeeld van de tot de galeien veroordeelde Hongaarse predikanten ....................................................................................... 89 Dávid Csorba: “Netherlandicas” – Calvinist Relics from the 17th Century Holland 121 Orsolya Réthelyi: “Houd moed: Kijk naar Nederland. / Kijk naar zijn vorstin! Je bent niet langer wees.” Het “Hongaarse raam” in het Nederlandse koninklijke paleis ............................................................................. 151 Réka Bozzay: De Universiteit van Utrecht door een glas-in-loodraam .................. 189 Gábor Pusztai: De drie gezichten van De Ruyter. Admiraal De Ruyter in de Hongaarse herinnering ..................................................................... 205 Vera Brittig: Memories from Java: Ernő Zboray’s Collection at the Ferenc Hopp Museum of Asiatic Arts ......................................................... 223 Besprekingen en aankondigingen Judit Gera: Gábor Pusztai: Menekülés az idegenbe. Székely László élete és irodalmi munkássága. [Vlucht naar het onbekende. Het leven en werk van László Székely]................................................................. 239 Judit Gera & Roland Nagy: In Memoriam Erzsébet Mollay (1949–2018) ................................... 243 Over de auteurs ..................................................................................... 249 VOORWOORD Aan de Vakgroep Nederlands van de Universiteit Derbecen bestaat sinds 11 jaar een Onderzoeksgroep Nederlands-Hongaarse Culturele Betrek- kingen. In de afgelopen jaren hebben haar medewerkers talrijke projecten gerealiseerd waarvan een aantal ook in boekvorm zijn verschenen. Acta Neerlandica was en is de Nederlandstalige spreekbuis van onze onder- zoeksgroep. Madelon Lulofs, ’In een grootsch verband’, Michiel de Ruyter en Hongarije, Beeldvorming, Handel, migratie, hulp, Tropisch avontuur, Koppensnellers en ontdekkingsreizigers zijn enkele themanum- mers van ons tijdschrift die focussen op de contacten tussen Hongarije en de Lage Landen. Ook dit nummer is geen uitzondering: opnieuw behan- delen we Nederlands-Hongaarse culturele betrekkingen en Nederlandse herinneringsplaatsen in Hongarije. Deze bundel is echter ook meer dan dat, want een samenwerking tussen drie onderzoeksgroepen van de Universiteit Debrecen: Hongaarse herinneringsplaatsen (met de eigen reeks: Loci Memoriae Hungaricae), een onderzoeksgroep van voornamelijk literatuurwetenschappers, MTA- DE Lendület “Magyarország a középkori Európában” [Hongarije in het middeleeuwse Europa] een onderzoeksgroep van de Hongaarse Academie der Wetenschappen die historici onder haar hoede heeft en de Onder- zoeksgroep Nederlands-Hongaarse Culturele Betrekkingen, een groep van neerlandici. Van Vlaamse migranten in Hongarije in de Middeleeuwen, tot Anne Frank als herinneringsplaats, van de Hongaarse galeislaven in de 17de eeuw tot Hongaarse planters op Nederlands-Indië in de 20ste eeuw, van Nederlandse boekdrukkunst in Debrecen tot de kindertreinen na de Eerste Wereldoorlog vindt u in deze bundel verschillende bijdragen van Hon- gaarse onderzoekers. De grote variatie in thema’s laat de rijkdom van dit onderzoeksdomein zien. Wij hopen met deze bundel een nieuwe bijdrage te leveren in het onderzoek naar culturele contacten tussen de Lage Lan- den en Hongarije van de 12de tot de 20ste eeuw. Gábor Pusztai 2 Acta Neerlandica, 14 (2017) © Debreceni Egyetemi Kiadó László Pósán Niederländische Kolonisten in Ungarn in der Arpad-Ära Abstract Settlers from the Low Countries in the Árpád Age in Hungary In Hungarian documents from the 11th and 13th century we can frequently find the name “flandrenses”, which refers to the settlers coming from the Low Countries and from territories where the Low-Frankish dialect was spoken. They moved in a larger number to South-Transylvania in the middle of the 12th century, during the reign of King Géza II. In the 12th century a huge number of these settlers settled down along the southern borders, in Syrmia. The Byzantine chronicler, Nicetas Choniates, called this territory Frangokhorion: the Land of the Franks. Beside the Flemish-Low-Frankish speaking people, settlers from the neo-Latin territories came to Hungary in the Árpád Age, too. These people were called in the documents “latinus” or “gallicus”, just like the people coming from Italy or France. Above all, “latini” from Wallonia and Low-Lothringia came to Hungary. It is interesting that the neo-Latin speaking settlers settled down dispersed almost everywhere in the country, but the Flemish (German) people took root in bigger ethnical homogenic blocks in their new home. The main reason why people from the far Low Countries and their wider area came to Hungary in the Middle Ages was the existential crisis caused by extreme weather conditions in their old homeland, but the news about fertility of the ground and the wealth of natural resources also attracted them to Hungary. Keywords: Settlers, Low Countries, Árpád Age, Hungary, Middle Ages 8 László Pósán Kardinal Gregorius, in Ungarn abgeordneter Legat des Papstes, informier- te 1192 den Heiligen Stuhl, dass zwischen Adorján, dem siebenbürgi- schen Bischof (“Adrianum Ultrasilvanum episcopum”), und P., dem Propst von Hermannstadt (“P. praepositum Cibiniensem”), ein Streit ent- standen war. Der Grund für den Streit war, dass nach Meinung des Propstes alle südsiebenbürgischen Kolonisten, die in den Urkunden fland- renses genannt wurden, unter seiner kirchlichen Gerichtsbarkeit standen (“… praepositus diceret generaliter omnes Flandrenses ecclesiae suae fuisse suppositus…”). Der ungarische König machte aber deutlich, dass zum Propst nur die “Flamen” gehören, die sich zur Zeit von Géza II auf dem ihnen geschenkten unbewohnten Kammergut niedergelassen hatten oder sich in Zukunft dort niederlassen werden, die aber außerhalb der Grenzen des Kammergutes lebten, gehörten nicht mehr zu ihm (“… gloriosus rex […] promulgavit, quod non fuit eius intentionis tempore constitutionis praepositurae noc postea, quod alii Flandrenses praeposito essent subditi, nisi qui tunc tantummodo habitabant in deserto, quod sanctac recordationis Geysa pater suus Flandrensibus concesserat, et in eodem futuris temporibus essent habitaturi”).1 König Béla III ließ die Ge- richtsbarkeit des Propstes von Hermannstadt nur auf beiden Seiten der Achse Hermannstadt-Leschkirch-Groß-Schenk gelten. Später wurde dieses Gebiet Altland genannt und der gemeinsame Name des ganzen südsiebenbürgischen deutschen Siedlungsgebietes wurde Königsboden.2 Kardinal Gregorius folgte dem Standpunkt des Königs im Streit zwischen dem siebenbürgischen Bischof und dem Propst von Hermannstadt: Die Propstei – deren Gründung schon am 20. Dezember 1191 vom Papst Coelestin III bestätigt wurde3 – umfasste nur das desertum, geschenkt vom König Géza an prioribus flandrensibus. Die Urkunde des päpstli- chen Legaten von 1192 sprach eindeutig davon, dass sich Ende des 12. Jahrhunderts flandrische Kolonisten aus den Niederlanden im südlichen Teil von Siebenbürgen niederließen. Diese Kolonisten kamen in der Mitte des 12. Jahrhunderts, während der Herrschaft von König Géza, nach Un- garn. Ihre Anzahl war wahrscheinlich nicht gering, denn König Béla III erlaubte ihnen irgendwann vor 1189, ihre Pfarren in einer freien Propstei (“praepositum liberam”) zu organisieren. Dies wurde von Coelestin III genehmigt, die Propstei von Hermannstadt erhielt eine exemptio und wur- de aus der Gerichtsbarkeit des siebenbürgischen Bischofs entlassen. Die- ses Gebiet
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