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Вестник the Bulletin ВЕСТНИК Ижевской государственной сельскохозяйственной академии Научно-практический журнал ● № 1 (54) 2018 Журнал основан в марте 2004 г. Выходит ежеквартально THE BULLETIN Учредитель ФГБОУ ВО «Ижевская of Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy государственная Theoretical and practical journal ● № 1 (54) 2018 сельскохозяйственная академия» Адрес редакции, издательства РЕДАКЦИОННЫЙ СОВЕТ и типографии: Главный редактор 426069, г. Ижевск, ул. Студенческая, 11, доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, профессор А.И. Любимов каб. 404 Б. E-mail: [email protected] Научный редактор доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, профессор И.Ш. Фатыхов Члены редакционного совета: Р.Р. Исмагилов – доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, профессор ФГБОУ ВО Башкирский Подписной индекс в объединенном каталоге «Пресса России» 40567 ГАУ, член-корреспондент АН РБ Х.М. Сафин – доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, академик-секретарь АН РБ А.М. Ленточкин – доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, профессор ФГБОУ ВО Ижевская ГСХА Л.М. Колбина – доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, ФГБНУ Удмуртский НИИСХ Н.А. Балакирев – доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, профессор ФГБОУ ВО МГАВМиБ-МВА имени К.И. Скрябина, академик РАН С.Д. Батанов – доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, профессор ФГБОУ ВО Ижевская ГСХА С.В. Залесов – доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, профессор ФГБОУ ВО УГЛТУ К.М. Габдрахимов – доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, профессор ФГБОУ ВО Башкирский ГАУ Ю.Г. Крысенко – доктор ветеринарных наук, профессор ФГБОУ ВО Ижевская ГСХА В.А. Ермолаев – доктор ветеринарных наук, профессор ФГБОУ ВО Ульяновский ГАУ И.Г. Конопельцев – доктор ветеринарных наук, профессор ФГБОУ ВО Вятская ГСХА Журнал зарегистрирован в Федеральной службе по надзору в сфере И.Л. Бухарина – доктор биологических наук, профессор ФГБОУ ВО УдГУ связи, информационных технологий и Ф.Ф. Мухамадьяров – доктор технических наук, профессор ФГБОУ ВО Вятская ГСХА массовых коммуникаций. П.В. Дородов – доктор технических наук, профессор ФГБОУ ВО Ижевская ГСХА Свидетельство о регистрации А.Г. Левшин – доктор технических наук, профессор ФГБОУ ВО РГАУ-МСХА ПИ № ФС77-63611 от 02.11.2015 г. имени К.А. Тимирязева С.И. Юран – доктор технических наук, профессор ФГБОУ ВО Ижевская ГСХА Н.П. Кондратьева – доктор технических наук, профессор ФГБОУ ВО Ижевская ГСХА Журнал включен в Российский индекс научного цитирования (РИНЦ), EDITORIAL BOARD реферетативную базу данных AGRIS. Editor in chief Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor A.I. Lyubimov Science editor Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor I.Sh. Fatykhov Ответственность за содержание статей Members of Editorial Board: несут авторы публикаций. R.R. Ismagilov – Doctor of Agricultural Science, Professor, Bashkir State Agrarian University, corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Bashkortostan Корректор А.И. Трегубова H.M. Safi n – Doctor of Agricultural Science, Academician-Secretary of the Academy of Sciences Вёрстка А.Н. Зеленина of the Republic of Bashkortostan Перевод В.Г. Балтачев A.M. Lentochkin – Doctor of Agricultural Science, Professor, Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy L.M. Kolbina – Doctor of Agricultural Science, Udmurt Research Institute of Agriculture Подписано в печать 22.03.2018 г. of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences Дата выхода в свет 26.03.2018 г. N.A. Balakirev – Doctor of Agricultural Science, Professor, Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Формат 60х84/8. Тираж 500 экз. Medicine and Biotechnology named K.I. Skryabin, member of the Russian Academy of Sciences Заказ № 7467. Цена свободная. S.D. Batanov – Doctor of Agricultural Science, Professor, Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy S.V. Zalesov – Doctor of Agricultural Science, Professor, Ural State Forest Engineering University K.M. Gabdrahimov – Doctor of Agricultural Science, Professor, Bashkir State Agrarian © ФГБОУ ВО Ижевская ГСХА, 2018 University Yu.G. Krysenko – Doctor of Veterinary Science, Professor, Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy V.A. Ermolaev – Doctor of Veterinary Science, Professor, Ulyanovsk State Agricultural University I.G. Konopeltsev – Doctor of Veterinary Science, Professor, Vyatka State Agricultural Academy I.L. Bukharina – Doctor of Biological Science, Professor, Udmurt State University F.F. Muchamadjarov – Doctor of Engineering Science, Professor, Vyatka State Agricultural Academy P.V. Dorodov – Doctor of Engineering Science, Professor, Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy A.G. Levshin – Doctor of Engineering Science, Professor, Russian State Agrarian University hamed after K.A. Timiryazev S.I. Yuran – Doctor of Engineering Science, Professor, Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy N.P. Kondratyeva – Doctor of Engineering Science, Professor, Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy СОДЕРЖАНИЕ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫЕ НАУКИ И.Ш. Фатыхов, Е.В. Корепанова, М.И. Камаев, М.В. Митрошина. Урожайность озимой пшеницы Волжская К при посеве свежеубранными семенами и переходящего фонда. 3 В.М. Юдин. Влияние методов подбора на молочную продуктивность коров в СПК – колхоз «Авангард» Увинского района Удмуртской Республики. 11 Т.А. Бабайцева, В.В. Слюсаренко. Влияние предпосевной обработки семян на ранние ростовые процессы озимой тритикале . 18 О.В. Абрамова, П.Б. Акмаров, Н.В. Горбушина, О.П. Князева. Факторы формирования трудового потенциала сельских районов Удмуртии . 26 Л.Р. Загитова, Р.Ф. Мустафин, В.А. Тестова, Р.Р. Зубаиров. Атмосферная циркуляция как фактор развития эрозионных процессов в Башкирском Предуралье . 34 Е.В. Корепанова, И.Ш. Фатыхов, В.Ф. Первушин, Р.Р. Галиев. Сравнительная продуктивность сортов гороха посевного на госсортоучастках Удмуртской Республики . 42 ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ А.Г. Ипатов, С.Н. Шмыков. Особенности модификации трибообъектов геомодификаторами на основе серпентинита . 52 П.В. Дородов. Повышение прочности деталей путем оптимизации формы их поверхностей возле концентраторов напряжений . 59 CONTENTS AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES I.Sh. Fatykhov, Е.V. Korepanova, М.I. Kamayev, М.V. Mitroshina. The productivity of winter wheat of the Volzhskaya K breed when sowed fresh harvested seeds and from a replacing stock . 3 V.M. Yudin. Infl uence of selection methods upon cows’ milk productivity at the SPK – collective farm “Avangard” of Uviski district, Udmurt Republic . 11 Т.А. Babaytseva, V.V. Slyusarenko. Impact of pre-sowing seed treatment on the early growth processes of winter triticale . 18 O.V. Abramova, P.B. Akmarov, N.V. Gorbushina, O.P. Knyazeva. Factors of labour potential formation for Ural areas of Udmurtiya . 26 L.R. Zagitova, R.F. Mustafi n, V.A. Testova, R.R. Zubairov. Atmospheric circulation as factor of development of erosion processes in Bashkir Predural,e. 34 Е.V. Korepanova, I.Sh. Fatykhov, V.F. Pervushin, R.R. Galiev. Comparative productivity of pea seed at the state-government spaces of Udmurt Republic. 42 TECHNICAL SCIENCES A.G. Ipatov, S.N. Shmykov. Peculiarities of modifi cation of tribobjects by geomodifi cators based on serpentine. 52 P.V. Dorodov. Increasing the machinery parts’ durability by optimization of the form of surfaces at close to concentrators of stresses. 59 2 СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫЕ НАУКИ УДК 633.11 И.Ш. Фатыхов1, Е.В. Корепанова1, М.И. Камаев2, М.В. Митрошина3 1 ФГБОУ ВО Ижевская ГСХА; 2 ГУ Увинский ГСУ; 3 ГУ Сарапульский ГСУ УРОЖАЙНОСТЬ ОЗИМОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ ВОЛЖСКАЯ К ПРИ ПОСЕВЕ СВЕЖЕУБРАННЫМИ СЕМЕНАМИ И ПЕРЕХОДЯЩЕГО ФОНДА Для озимых зерновых культур дискуссионным остаётся вопрос использования на посев семян разно- го года урожая – переходящего фонда или свежеубранными. Исследования, проведённые ранее в Среднем Предуралье, позволили установить, что использование на посев семян переходящего фонда, как прави- ло, обеспечивает повышение урожайности зерна озимых зерновых культур. Это связано с тем, что све- жеубранные семена, не прошедшие послеуборочное дозревание, имеют низкую лабораторную всхожесть и энергию прорастания. В 2014–2017 гг. на Увинском и Сарапульском ГСУ Удмуртской Республики в кон- курсном сортоиспытании была исследована реакция озимой пшеницы Волжская К формированием уро- жайности зерна и основных показателей при посеве свежеубранными семенами и переходящего фонда. Почва под опытами на Увинском ГСУ дерново-среднеподзолистая супесчаная, на Сарапульском ГСУ – се- рая лесная оподзоленная среднесуглинистая. Метеорологические условия вегетационных периодов в годы проведения исследований были различными. Май 2014 г. был тёплым и засушливым, июнь умеренно тё- плый, сумма осадков 103 % от нормы, в июле сумма осадков 125 % от нормы. Май и июнь 2015 г. были тё- плыми и засушливыми, в июле осадков выпало 186 % от нормы. Вегетационный период 2016 г. характе- ризовался как жаркий и острозасушливый, 2017 г. – прохладный и влажный, июнь и июль отличались холодной погодой и избыточным увлажнением, сумма осадков 208 % и 222 % от нормы соответственно. В среднем по двум ГСУ вариант – посев свежеубранными семенами имел относительно более высокую урожайность в 2014 г., в 2016 г. и в 2017 г. В 2015 г. средняя прибавка урожайности 5,2 ц/га или 22,4 % на- блюдалась при посеве семенами переходящего фонда. В среднем за 2014-2017 гг. при посеве семенами раз- ного года урожая зимостойкость различалась на 0,2 балла. Устойчивость к полеганию, продолжитель- ность вегетационного периода, масса 1000 зёрен по вариантам опыта не имели разницы. Период веге- тации озимой пшеницы Волжская К на Увинском ГСУ был продолжительнее на 7 сут. При посеве семе- нами переходящего фонда растения на 4 и 5 см превышали высоту растений в варианте – посев свежеу- бранными семенами. Поражение снежной плесенью снижалось на 4 % и 9 % при посеве свежеубранными семенами. На Сарапульском
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