Optics and Interferometry with Atoms and Molecules
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Atom Interferometry in an Optical Cavity by Matthew Jaffe a Dissertation Submitted in Partial Satisfaction of the Requirements F
Atom interferometry in an optical cavity by Matthew Jaffe A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Physics in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Associate Professor Holger Müller, Chair Associate Professor Norman Yao Professor Karl van Bibber Fall 2018 Atom interferometry in an optical cavity Copyright 2018 by Matthew Jaffe 1 Abstract Atom interferometry in an optical cavity by Matthew Jaffe Doctor of Philosophy in Physics University of California, Berkeley Associate Professor Holger Müller, Chair Matter wave interferometry with laser pulses has become a powerful tool for precision measurement. Optical resonators, meanwhile, are an indispensable tool for control of laser beams. We have combined these two components, and built the first atom interferometer inside of an optical cavity. This apparatus was then used to examine interactions between atoms and a small, in-vacuum source mass. We measured the gravitational attraction to the source mass, making it the smallest source body ever probed gravitationally with an atom interferometer. Searching for additional forces due to screened fields, we tightened constraints on certain dark energy models by several orders of magnitude. Finally, we measured a novel force mediated by blackbody radiation for the first time. Utilizing technical benefits of the cavity, we performed interferometry with adiabatic passage. This enabled new interferometer geometries, large momentum transfer, and in- terferometers with up to one hundred pulses. Performing a trapped interferometer to take advantage of the clean wavefronts within the optical cavity, we performed the longest du- ration spatially-separated atom interferometer to date: over ten seconds, after which the atomic wavefunction was coherently recombined and read out as interference to measure gravity. -
Mark G. Raizen Curriculum Vita
Mark G. Raizen Curriculum Vita Education Ph.D., Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, May 1989. Supervisors: H.J. Kimble (now at Caltech), Steven Weinberg. Graduate studies in Mathematics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, 1980-1982. B.Sc., Mathematics with honors, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel, 1980. Work and Professional Experience Sid W. Richardson Foundation Regents Chair in Physics and Professor of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin (2000-) Associate Professor of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin (1996- 2000). Assistant Professor of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin (1991-1996). Postdoctoral Research, in the group of Dr. D. J. Wineland, Time and Frequency Division, NIST, Boulder (1989-1991). Professional Societies and Important Service Member American Physical Society, Optical Society of America, American Chemical Society, and American Association for the Advancement of Science. Chairman, 1999 Max Born Prize Committee, Optical Society of America. Chairman, 1999 A. L. Schawlow Prize Committee, American Physical Society. 1 Member Executive Committee, Division of Laser Science, American Physical Society, 1999-2002. Member, Committee on Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Sciences, National Research Council, Jan. 1, 2000-June 30, 2002. Member, 2001 Rabi Prize Committee. Member Executive Committee, Division of AMO Physics of APS, 2001-2004. Divisonal Associate Editor, Physical Review Letters, 2000-2003. Organizer, New Laser Scientists Conference, Fall 2002. Chair, Division of Laser Science of the American Physical Society (2004-2005). Chair, Nominating Committee, Division of Laser Science, 2009. Member Executive Committee, Topical Group on Precision Measurement & Fundamental Constants of the American Physics Society (2010-2013). Awards and Honors Batsheva de Rothschild Fellow (2013). -
Arxiv:2101.05398V2 [Quant-Ph] 12 Apr 2021 Lcdibtent Oma Tmcrsntr Hscon- Atoms This Additional Resonator
Single collective excitation of an atomic array trapped along a waveguide: a study of cooperative emission for different atomic chain configurations V.A. Pivovarov,1,2 L.V. Gerasimov,3, 2 J. Berroir,4 T. Ray,4 J. Laurat,4 A. Urvoy,4, ∗ and D.V. Kupriyanov3,2, † 1Physics Department, St.-Petersburg Academic University, Khlopina 8, 194021 St.-Petersburg, Russia 2Center for Advanced Studies, Peter the Great St-Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251, St.-Petersburg, Russia 3Quantum Technologies Center, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1-35, 119991, Moscow, Russia 4Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Universit´e, CNRS, ENS-Universit´ePSL, Coll`ege de France, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France (Dated: April 14, 2021) Ordered atomic arrays trapped in the vicinity of nanoscale waveguides offer original light-matter interfaces, with applications to quantum information and quantum non-linear optics. Here, we study the decay dynamics of a single collective atomic excitation coupled to a waveguide in different configurations. The atoms are arranged as a linear array and only a segment of them is excited to a superradiant mode and emits light into the waveguide. Additional atomic chains placed on one or both sides play a passive role, either reflecting or absorbing this emission. We show that when varying the geometry, such a one-dimensional atomic system could be able to redirect the emitted light, to directionally reduce or enhance it, and in some cases to localize it in a cavity formed by the atomic mirrors bounding the system. I. INTRODUCTION figuration was theoretically explored in [18], with a single atom strategically placed inside a very short atomic res- Developing and harnessing hybrid platforms where neu- onator at one of its anti-nodes. -
Atom Interferometry with Laser-Cooled Lithium by Kayleigh Cassella Doctor of Philosophy in Physics University of California, Berkeley Professor Holger M¨Uller,Chair
Hot Beats and Tune Outs: Atom Interferometry with Laser-cooled Lithium by Kayleigh Cassella A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Physics in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Holger M¨uller,Chair Professor Dan Stamper-Kurn Professor Jeffrey Bokor Spring 2018 Hot Beats and Tune Outs: Atom Interferometry with Laser-cooled Lithium Copyright 2018 by Kayleigh Cassella 1 Abstract Hot Beats and Tune Outs: Atom Interferometry with Laser-cooled Lithium by Kayleigh Cassella Doctor of Philosophy in Physics University of California, Berkeley Professor Holger M¨uller,Chair Ushered forth by advances in time and frequency metrology, atom interferometry remains an indispensable measurement tool in atomic physics due to its precision and versatility. A sequence of four π=2 beam splitter pulses can create either an interferometer sensitive to the atom's recoil frequency when the momentum imparted by the light reverses direction between pulse pairs or, when constructed from pulses without such reversal, sensitive to the perturbing potential from an external optical field. Here, we demonstrate the first atom interferometer with laser-cooled lithium, advantageous for its low mass and simple atomic structure. We study both a recoil-sensitive Ramsey-Bord´einterferometer and interferometry sensitive to the dynamic polarizability of the ground state of lithium. Recoil-sensitive Ramsey-Bord´einterferometry benefits from lithium's high recoil fre- quency, a consequence of its low mass. At an interrogation time of 10 ms, a Ramsey-Bord´e lithium interferometer could achieve sensitivities comparable to those realized at much longer times with heavier alkali atoms. -
An Interferometer for Atoms by David William Keith B.Sc Physics
1 An Interferometer for Atoms by David William Keith B.Sc Physics, University of Toronto (Nov, 1986) Submitted to the Department of Physics in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY May, 1991 © Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991 Signature of the Author ______________________________________________ Department of Physics May , 1991 Certified by ________________________________________________________ David E. Pritchard Professor of Physics Thesis Supervisor Accepted by _______________________________________________________ George F. Koster, Chairman, Department Committee on Graduate Studies 2 An Interferometer for Atoms by David William Keith Submitted to the Department of Physics in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Abstract We have demonstrated an interferometer for atoms. A three grating geometry is used, resulting in an interferometer of the "amplitude division " type. We used a highly collimated beam of sodium atoms with a de Broglie wavelength of 16 pm and high-quality 0.4 mm-period free-standing gratings. The interference signal is 70 Hz, which allows us to determine the phase to 0.1 rad in 1 min. This is the first atom interferometer in the sense that it simultaneously and distinctly separates the atoms in position and momentum. In order to make the gratings for our interferometer, we have developed a novel method for fabricating free-standing micro-structures. Using this method we have made high-quality 0.2 and 0.4-mm period gratings, as well as the first zone plate lenses to be used for atoms. We have previously reported the first observation of the diffraction of atoms from a fabricated periodic structure. -
Trapping and Manipulation of Laser-Cooled Metastable Argon Atoms at a Surface
Trapping and Manipulation of Laser-Cooled Metastable Argon Atoms at a Surface Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades des Doktors der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer. nat.) an der Universität Konstanz Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Sektion Fachbereich Physik vorgelegt von Dominik Schneble Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 20. Februar 2002 Referenten: Prof. Dr. T. Pfau Priv.-Doz. Dr. C. Bechinger Prof. Dr. G. Ganteför Abstract This thesis discusses experiments on the all-optical trapping and manipulation of laser- cooled metastable argon atoms at a surface. A magneto-optical surface trap (MOST) has been realized and studied. This novel hybrid trap combines a magneto-optical trap at a metallic surface with an optical evanescent-wave atom mirror. It allows laser-cooling and trapping of atoms in con- tact with an evanescent light field that separates the atomic cloud from the surface by a fraction of an optical wavelength. Based on this work, the continuous loading of a planar matter waveguide has been demonstrated. Loading into the waveguide, which was formed by the optical potential of a red-detuned standing light wave above the surface, was achieved via evanescent- field optical pumping from the MOST in sub-mdistancefromthesurface. In subsequent experiments, several light-induced atom-optical elements have been demonstrated in the planar waveguide geometry, including a continuous atom source, a switchable channel guide, an atom detector and an optical surface lattice. The source, the channel and the detector have been combined to form the first, albeit simple, atom- optical integrated circuit. Contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1 General Context ............................... 1 1.2 This Thesis .................................. 5 1.3 Outlook ................................... -
Momentum Transfer Using Chirped Standing Wave Fields: Bragg Scattering
Momentum transfer using chirped standing wave fields: Bragg scattering Vladimir S. Malinovsky and Paul R. Berman Michigan Center for Theoretical Physics & FOCUS Center, Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1120 We consider momentum transfer using frequency-chirped standing wave fields. Novel atom-beam splitter and mirror schemes based on Bragg scattering are presented. It is shown that a predeter- mined number of photon momenta can be transferred to the atoms in a single interaction zone. PACS numbers: 03.75.Dg, 32.80.-t, 42.50.Vk Atom optics has experienced rapid advances in recent ing the entire evolution of the atom-field interaction and years. Applications of atom optics to inertial sensing [1], spontaneous emission plays a negligible role. We use atom holography [2, 3] and certain schemes for quantum chirped pulses to produce efficient momentum transfer computing [4, 5] can benefit substantially from the abil- sequentially to states having momentum ±n2~k, where ity to manipulate atomic motion in a controllable way. k is the propagation vector of one of the fields and n is There are a number of theoretical and experimental stud- a positive integer. The chirp rate and pulse duration are ies devoted to this problem [6, 7, 8, 9]. used to control the final target state. This work is com- The underlying physical mechanism responsible for op- plementary to that involving the use of adiabatic rapid tical control of atomic motion is an exchange of momen- passage to accelerate atoms that are trapped in optical tum between the atoms and the fields. -
MATTER WAVE INTERFEROMETRY in the Light of Schridinger's Wave Mechanics
INIS-mf—11327 ATOMINSTITUT WIEN INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON "SchrBdingtr'i cat* M m qrmbol for the wftrt-putieU dualiim MATTER WAVE INTERFEROMETRY in the Light of Schridinger's Wave Mechanics 14.-16. September 1987, Technical University Vienna Atominstitut der Osterreichischen Universitaten Satellite Workshop to the SCHRODINGER SYMPOSIUM which will be held in Vienna 16.-18. September 1987 on the occasion of the 100th ANNIVERSARY OF E. SCHROWNGER'S BIRTH organized by ATOMINSTmjT DER OSTERREICHISCHEN UNIVERSITATEN iad EftWIN SCHRODINGER SOCIETY urr Tentative Program Abstract Booklet INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON "SchrSdinger'j cat" as a symbol for the wave-particle dualism MATTER WAVE INTERFEROMETRY in the Light of SchrOdinger's Wave Mechanics 14.-16. September 1987, Technical University Vienna Atominstitut der Osterreichischen Universitaten Satellite Workshop to the SCHRODINGER SYMPOSIUM which will be held in Vienna 16.-18. September 1987 on the occasion of the 100th ANNIVERSARY OF E. SCHRODINGER'S BIRTH organized by ATOMINSTITUT DER OSTERREICHISCHEN UNIVERSITATEN and ERWIN SCHRODINGER SOCIETY International Advisory Committee: U.Bonse (Dortmund), I.M.Frank (Dubna), A.G.Klein (Melbourne), D.M.Greenberger (New York), H.Maier-Leibnitz (Munchen), G.MOllenstedt (Tubingen), M.Namiki (Tokyo), CCShull (Cambridge), A.Tonomura (Tokyo), J.-P.Vigier (Paris), S.A.Weraer (Columbia). Organizing Committee: G.Badurek, F.Paschke, H.Rauch (chairman), J.Summhammer, A.Zeilinger Topics: Electron Interferometry Quantum Devices Neutron Interferometry Interpretational -
Arxiv:1806.09958V3 [Physics.Ed-Ph] 1 Aug 2018 1
Understanding quantum physics through simple experiments: from wave-particle duality to Bell's theorem Ish Dhand,1 Adam D'Souza,2 Varun Narasimhachar,3 Neil Sinclair,4, 5 Stephen Wein,4 Parisa Zarkeshian,4 Alireza Poostindouz,4, 6 and Christoph Simon4, ∗ 1Institut f¨urTheoretische Physik and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Universit¨atUlm, 89069 Ulm, Germany 2Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary T2N4N1, Alberta, Canada 3School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 4Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute for Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), University of Calgary, Calgary T2N1N4, Alberta, Canada 5Department of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy and Alliance for Quantum Technologies (AQT), California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Blvd., Pasadena, California 91125, USA 6Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary, Calgary T2N1N4, Alberta, Canada (Dated: August 3, 2018) Quantum physics, which describes the strange behavior of light and matter at the smallest scales, is one of the most successful descriptions of reality, yet it is notoriously inaccessible. Here we provide an approachable explanation of quantum physics using simple thought experiments. We derive all relevant quantum predictions using minimal mathematics, without introducing the advanced calculations that are typically used to describe quantum physics. We focus on the two key surprises of quantum physics, namely wave{particle duality, a term that was introduced to capture the fact that single quantum particles in some respects behave like waves and in other respects like particles, and entanglement, which applies to two or more quantum particles and brings out the inherent contradiction between quantum physics and seemingly obvious assumptions regarding the nature of reality. -
Electron Interferometry: Interferences Between Two Electrons and a Precision Method of Measuring Decoherence
Annales de la Fondation Louis de Broglie, Volume 29, Hors s´erie1, 2004 857 Electron interferometry: Interferences between two electrons and a precision method of measuring decoherence Franz Hasselbach, Harald Kiesel, and Peter Sonnentag Institut f¨urAngewandte Physik, Universit¨atT¨ubingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, D-72076 T¨ubingen,Germany ABSTRACT. Louis de Broglie’s discovery of the wave nature of matter 80 years ago and the subsequent development of quantum mechanics by Erwin Schr¨odinger, Werner Heisenberg and Paul Dirac solved many riddles of those days and determined physics of the whole 20th century. Yet, after this long time, matter wave interferometry is as up to date as it was in 1927 when Louis de Broglie’s hypothesis was verified, e.g., by Davisson and Germer. Atom interferometry, ion interferometry and Bose-Einstein condensates are today’s fascinating applications based on de Broglie’s discovery. The focus of the present contribution are Hanbury Brown-Twiss anti-correlations (i.e. interferences between two fermions (electrons)) and the quantitative observation of decoherence by electron biprism interferometry. P.A.C.S.: 03.75.-b; 05.30.Fk; 03.65.Yz 1 Observation of Hanbury Brown-Twiss anticorrelations in a beam of free electrons The astronomers R. Hanbury Brown and R.Q. Twiss (HBT) were the first to observe in 1956 that the fluctuations in the counting rate of photons originating from uncorrelated point sources become, within the coherently illuminated area, slightly enhanced compared to a random sequence of classical particles [1, 2, 3]. This at a first glance mysterious formation of correlations in the process of propagation turns out to be a consequence of quantum interference between two indistinguishable pho- tons and Bose-Einstein statistics. -
The Double-Slit Experiment - Physicsworld.Com
The double-slit experiment - physicsworld.com http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/print/9745 A website from the Institute of Physics Signed in as ianappelbaum My profile Sign out Contact us The double-slit experiment Share this Sep 1, 2002 E-mail to a friend This article is an extended version of the article “The Connotea double-slit experiment” that appeared in the September CiteUlike 2002 issue of Physics World (p15). It has been further Delicious extended to include three letters about the history of the Digg double-slit experiment with single electrons that were Facebook published in the May 2003 issue of the magazine. Twitter What is the most beautiful experiment in physics? This is the question that Robert Crease asked Physics World readers in May - and more than 200 replied with suggestions as diverse as Schrödinger's cat and the Trinity nuclear test in 1945. The top five Related stories included classic experiments by Galileo, Millikan, Newton and The most beautiful Thomas Young. But uniquely among the top 10, the most beautiful experiment (survey) experiment in physics - Young's double-slit experiment applied to the From the New York Times : interference of single electrons - does not have a name associated Science's 10 most beautiful with it. experiments (abstract only) Most discussions of double-slit experiments with particles refer to The most beautiful Feynman's quote in his lectures: "We choose to examine a experiment (results) phenomenon which is impossible, absolutely impossible, to explain in any classical way, and which has in it the heart of quantum Related links mechanics. -
Quantum Reflection from the Casimir-Polder Potential
THÈSE DE DOCTORAT DE L’UNIVERSITÉ PIERRE ET MARIE CURIE Spécialité : Physique École doctorale : “Physique en Île-de-France” réalisée au Laboratoire Kastler-Brossel présentée par Gabriel DUFOUR pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITÉ PIERRE ET MARIE CURIE Sujet de la thèse : Réflexion quantique sur le potentiel de Casimir-Polder – Quantum reflection from the Casimir-Polder potential soutenue le 20 novembre 2015 devant le jury composé de M Andreas Buchleitner Rapporteur M David Guéry-Odelin Rapporteur Mme Marie-Christine Angonin Examinatrice M Olivier Dulieu Examinateur M Valery Nesvizhevsky Examinateur Mme Astrid Lambrecht Directrice de thèse i À la mémoire de mes grands-pères, Jean Dufour et Michel Durin ii Quand j’ai poussé la porte du Laboratoire Kastler Brossel en novembre 2011, je re- venais d’un mois de voyage à vélo sur les routes et chemins d’Italie. Astrid Lambrecht et Serge Reynaud m’ont convaincu de me lancer dans une nouvelle aventure, avec son lot d’ascensions ardues, de petites victoires, de problèmes techniques et de découvertes grisantes. Astrid et Serge m’ont accompagné sans relâche au cours du stage et de la thèse qui ont suivi. Je les remercie chaleureusement pour leur gentillesse et leur patience, leurs mots d’encouragement et les nombreuses discussions passionnantes que nous avons eues. Marie-Pascale Gorza, Romain Guérout, Manuel Donaire et Axel Maury ont été mes compagnons de route au sein de l’équipe “fluctuations quantiques et relativité”. Leurs conversations stimulantes et animées ont égayé bien des austères journées de travail. J’ai aussi partagé de très bons moments avec mes collègues et amis du laboratoire et d’au delà, que ce soit dans les courants d’air de la cantine, sous le soleil des arènes ou dans l’ambiance chaleureuse d’une cafétéria.