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3. Heritage Impact Assessment HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT LAURA SECORD SCHOOL, 5 Walnut Street, Queenston Village Town of Niagara-on-the-Lake, Regional Municipality of Niagara FINAL REPORT FEBRUARY 1, 2016 Megan Hobson, M.A., Dipl. Heritage Conservation Laura Secord School_Queenston Village_FINAL HIA_MHobson_01 Feb 2016 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page no/ 1.0 BACKGROUND & METHODOLOGY 3 2.0 SITE DESCRIPTION (SEE APENDIX A: SITE PHOTOS) 4 3.0 HISTORY OF THE SITE 6 3.1 QUEENSTON VILLAGE 6 3.2 LAURA SECORD SCHOOL 8 4.0 CULTURAL HERITAGE VALUES 10 4.1 QUEENSTON VILLAGE 10 4.1.1 BUILT HERITAGE 10 4.2 LAURA SECORD SCHOOL 12 4.2.1 BUILT HERITAGE 12 4.2.2 ARCHEOLOGICAL POTENTIAL 13 5.0 STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE (SEE APPENDIX B: BY-LAW 4373-10 Schedule B) 14 6.0 PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT (SEE APPENDIX C: ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS) 15 6.1 RATIONALE & PURPOSE 20 6.2 PLANNING CONTEXT 20 6.2.1 OFFICIAL PLAN 21 6.2.2 QUEENSTON VILLAGE SECONDARY PLAN 22 6.2.2.1 SPECIAL POLICY AREA (SPA-2) 22 6.2.2.2 SITE SPECIFIC POLICIES 23 7.0 IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES 25 7.1 QUEENSTON VILLAGE 25 7.2 LAURA SECORD SCHOOL 26 8.0 ALTERNATIVE DEVELOPMENT OPTIONS 27 9.0 SUMMARY STATEMENT & CONSERVATION RECOMMENDATIONS 29 10.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY 30 11.0 QUALIFICATIONS OF THE AUTHOR 31 12.0 APPENDICES 12.1 APPENDIX A: SITE PHOTOS 12.2 APPENDIX B: ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS Laura Secord School_Queenston Village_FINAL HIA_MHobson_01 Feb 2016 2 1.0 BACKGROUND & METHODOLOGY This report was prepared by heritage consultant Megan Hobson for the Willowbank School as a requirement for obtaining planning approval for a development proposal in the Village of Queenston. The proposed development is for construction of a row of six attached townhomes on the Laura Secord School site acquired by the Willowbank School from the District School Board of Niagara after the building was declared surplus. The Laura Secord School property is Designated under Part IV of the Ontario Heritage Act. Under this legislation, any development on or adjacent to a designated heritage property must be evaluated to determine if there will be any negative impacts on the property and to consider development options and mitigation measures to reduce the identified impacts. This assessment is carried out in accordance with the Town of Niagara-on-the-Lake Heritage Impact Guidelines. Due to the central location of the subject property, the historic character of the village and the number of heritage resources in close proximity, this assessment considers impacts beyond the usual scope of a Heritage Impact Assessment and includes impacts to the Laura Secord School property and to identified heritage resources within the village as well as the general character of the Village of Queenston. A site visit was undertaken by Megan Hobson in October 2015 to assess and document the current condition of the property and its relationship to the surrounding built environment. A comprehensive review of the historical context and current planning objectives associated with the subject property and the Village of Queenston was undertaken. Assistance was provided Crystal Bossio, Manager of Capital Projects at Willowbank, Julian Smith, Architect for the proposed townhomes and Denise Horne, Heritage Planner for the Town of Niagara-on-the Lake. This Heritage Impact Assessment is part of a planning application prepared by Stephen Bedford, Planning Consultant for the applicant. Laura Secord School_Queenston Village_FINAL HIA_MHobson_01 Feb 2016 3 2.0 SITE DESCRIPTION (SEE APENDIX A: SITE PHOTOS) The Laura Secord Public School is located at 5 Walnut Street and is Part of Lot 5 and 6 in the Village of Queenston, Township of Niagara, Lincoln County, now in the Town of Niagara-on-the-Lake, Regional Municipality of Niagara. Figure 1: Aerial view of the subject property. (Google Earth) Queenston is a small hamlet that is by-passed by the Niagara Parkway, the main travel route through the area. It is primarily residential but includes some non-residential activities such as a post office, a place of worship, a public library, a Land Rover dealership and a hotel. There are a number historic sites located in the Village that attract seasonal visitors to the Niagara area. The subject property is approximately one hectare in size (2.4 acres) and located at the center of the Village. It is bounded by Walnut Street to the north. Princess Street to the east, Queenston Street to the west, and residential lots fronting Highlander Street to the south. Laura Secord School_Queenston Village_FINAL HIA_MHobson_01 Feb 2016 4 Figure 2: GiS map showing the location of the school building in the north-east corner of the property. (Town of Niagara-on-the- Lake). The school building is located in the north-east corner of the site. The main entrance of the school building is located on Princess Street with a secondary entrance on Walnut Street. The rear of the school and the playing fields are located on Queenston Street, the principal street through the Village. Figure 3: Main entrance of the school on Princess Street. Laura Secord School_Queenston Village_FINAL HIA_MHobson_01 Feb 2016 5 There are tarmac play surfaces and play structures adjacent to the school buildings. The remainder of the site to the south is open green space that is used as playing fields and contains a baseball diamond and a soccer pitch. There is chain link fencing where the playing fields abut residential lots on Princess Street and Highland Street, but the majority of the site is open to the street and there are no pedestrian sidewalks. Mature landscape features include trees and shrubs at the main entrance on Princess Street, some shade trees along Walnut Street and a grove of birch trees behind the rear addition facing Queenston Street. Figure 4: Laura Secord School playing fields on Queenston Street. For additional photos of the subject site see Appendix A attached to this report. 3.0 HISTORY OF THE SITE 3.1 Queenston Village The Village of Queenston has been of historic importance since well before European occupation. It marked the beginning of an aboriginal trail inland and straddled an established portage route along the Niagara River’s western shore. The Village was founded by United Empire Loyalists in the 1780s after the loss of the Niagara River’s east bank following the American Revolution. It was the northern terminus of the portage route around Niagara Falls. Robert Hamilton, a prominent merchant, established a transhipment business there in 1788 and wharves, storehouses, a block-house and the province’s first horse-drawn railway were built. Originally known as the Lower Landing, the settlement was named Queenston by Lieut-Governor Simcoe and in 1792 the Queen’s Own Rangers were stationed there. By 1802 it had a ferry service to Lewiston as well as a customs house and a post office. Laura Secord School_Queenston Village_FINAL HIA_MHobson_01 Feb 2016 6 Figure 5: Queenston in the 1812 period. In the early 19th century, steamboat operation from the Queenston docks increased. By 1833 there were six steamers running weekly trips from the Niagara River to the end of Lake Ontario and one steamer daily to Toronto. Queenston’s position as a transportation hub diminished in 1825 and 1829 with the construction of the Erie and Welland Canals respectively. With the discontinuation of steamship service in the mid 20th century, the village evolved into a quiet residential enclave. Figure 6: Queenston today. In the post-War period the village has primarily become a seasonal tourist destination. Commercial uses have disappeared with the exception of the Queens Landing Inn that occupies a large site at the south end of the village and a Land Rover dealership located at the corner of Queenston and Highlander Laura Secord School_Queenston Village_FINAL HIA_MHobson_01 Feb 2016 7 Streets. Some residential infill has occurred in the form of single-detached homes but the original layout and character of the streets has changed very little. 3.2 Laura Secord School This site has been associated with educational uses dating back to 1844 when the first school building was erected. The original school was a one room building built from local Queenston limestone. The 1876 County Atlas map show the location of the old stone school incorrectly. Research carried out by ASI identifies the site of the old stone school as being in the same location as the present school building. An historic photo from c. 1900 confirms these findings. This photo shows that the school grounds extended to Queenston Street but did not include the area that is now playing fields. There were residential lots containing dwellings and outbuildings. Figure 7: Historic photo c. 1900 showing the old stone school. The old stone school was demolished and replaced by a new brick building in 1914. Investigation undertaken by ASI indicates that nothing remains of the earlier structure. Figure 8: Laura Secord Memorial School (1914) Laura Secord School_Queenston Village_FINAL HIA_MHobson_01 Feb 2016 8 In 1944 the school grounds were extended to create the present playing fields by closing a section of Maple Street and acquiring adjoining residential lots. 1914 944 1 Figure 9: Expansion of the school grounds in 1914 and 1944. (ASI overlay of 1876 County Atlas) In 1953 the school buildings were enlarged and a modern addition was added at the back. Figure 10: Laura Secord School addition (1953). Laura Secord School_Queenston Village_FINAL HIA_MHobson_01 Feb 2016 9 The school was closed in 2012, after being declared surplus by the school board due to declining enrolment. The property was subsequently purchased by Willowbank, an historic estate and private college offering a Diploma in Heritage Conservation, and is now the Lower Campus of the Willowbank School.
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