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DOCUMENT RESUME ED 327 163 AUTHOR Mason, Robin TITLE The
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 327 163 IR 014 788 AUTHOR Mason, Robin TITLE The Use of Computer Networks for Education and Training. Report to the Trainii Agency. INSTITUTION Open Univ., Walton, Bletchley, Bucks (England). Inst. of Educational Technology. PUB DATE 89 NOTE 206p. PUB TYPE Reports Research/Technical (143) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC09 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Community Education; *Computer Networks; Distance Education; Elementary Secondary Education; Foreign Ccuntries; Job Training; Military Training; Open Universities; Postsecondary Education; *Teleconferencing; Vocational Education IDENTIFIERS Europe (West); United States ABSTRACT The objective of this study has been to prepare a report which identifies the major issues concerning the use of computer networks, and particularly computer conferencing, in eaucation and training. The report is divided into four sections: (1) a discussion of the major themes and issues as they apply in education, training, and community networking, including reasons for using teleconferencing, provision of hardware and software, costs and funding, organizational impact, introducing networking, and obstacles to use;(2) case studies that describe the issues in contexts such as vocational education and training in Denmark, training for the United States Armed Forces, networking in primary and secondary schools, networking in the corporate sector and the community, teachers and computer networking, technology based training, and computer confelencing in university education;(3) a complete listing of all European applications including projectc in the United Kingdom, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, The Netherlands, Norway, and Spain with references for obtaining further details; and (4) appendices consisting of a glossary of technical terms, an overview of technological choices for learning networks, a report on computer networking in France, descriptions of nine currently used computer conferencing systems, and a 29-item bibliography. -
On Telecommunications
1 OFFICIAL GAZETTE OF THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA, No. 76, ZAGREB, JULY 19, 1999 THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE CROATIAN NATIONAL PARLIAMENT 1359 Pursuant to Article 89 of the Constitution of the Republic of Croatia, I pass the D E C I S I O N ON THE PROMULGATION OF THE LAW ON TELECOMMUNICATIONS I promulgate the Law on Telecommunications which was passed by the House of Representatives of the Croatian National Parliament at its session held on June 30, 1999. Number: 01-081-99-1346/2 Zagreb, July 8, 1999 President of the Republic of Croatia Franjo Tudman, Ph.D., signed LAW ON TELECOMMUNICATIONS I GENERAL PROVISIONS Content and Purpose of the Law Article 1 This Law shall regulate telecommunications, radio, television and cable television, the relations between providers and users of telecommunications 2 services as well as the construction, maintenance and use of telecommunications facilities and equipment, and of radio stations. Exemptions Regarding the Application of the Law Article 2 (1) This Law shall not apply to telecommunications equipment installed and operated exclusively for the purposes of the army, police, diplomatic corps, financial police and customs, and the frequencies for the operation of such equipment shall be used pursuant to a contract (agreement) with the Croatian Institute of Telecommunications. (2) This Law shall not apply to telecommunications equipment (in particular radio systems and terminal equipment) installed and operated exclusively for the purposes of the Croatian Institute of Telecommunications. Terms Article 3 For the purposes of this Law the terms used herein shall have the following meanings: 1. -
NXU Roip Link to Eliminate Voice-Grade Leased Line
Application Note: AN-3001-3 NXU RoIP Link to Eliminate Voice-Grade Leased Line Purpose This Application Note will describe a method at which Network Extension Units (NXUs) can be utilized on an existing digital network to eliminate costly Voice-Grade Leased Lines. Introduction Voice-Grade Leased Lines are regularly used in public safety land-mobile radios systems as dedicated baseband communication links between two remote points. Leased-Lines are also known as: Tie Lines, Wireline, Dedicated Line, Private Line, and Bell 3002, to name a few. This symmetric telecommunications link, consisting of a 2-Wire or 4-Wire path, can tie a dispatch console to a basestation, for example, or provide connectivity between radios or drop repeaters separated by many miles. Unlike dialup voice-grade switched-circuit PSTN telephone lines, these leased lines provide 24-hour, full-period connectivity, and reliability by detouring traditional switch- circuits at the telephone central office (CO). The following example is a typical leased-line dedicated link between a dispatch console and a remote basestation. Leased-Line Link Leased Lines Dispatch Basestation Console Depending upon the service provider the end-user can expect a virtual point-to-point link that encompass microwave, copper, optical fiber, and even satellite links. In any case, whichever methods are used to facilitate this reliable connection, the link is transparent to the end-user. Bell 3002 is a common provision for voice-grade leased-lines in public safety communications systems. Some of the specifications are as follows: 2-Wire or 4-Wire 600 Ω Impedance Audio Profile: 300- to 3000-Hz Frequency Shift: ±5 Hz Control: Tone Only, no DC Control due to lack of hard wire Raytheon 5800 Departure Drive Raleigh, NC 27616 919.790.1011 © Raytheon Company. -
Scan-MOCS-0001
SCaN-MOCS-0001 SPACE COMMUNICATIONS AND NAVIGATION PROGRAM Space Communications and Navigation (SCaN) Mission Operations and Communications Services (MOCS) Revision 2 Effective Date: March 15, 2019 Expiration Date: March 15, 2024 National Aeronautics and NASA Headquarters Space Administration Washington, D. C. CHECK THE SCaN NEXT GENERATION INTEGRATED NETWORK (NGIN) AT: https://scanngin.gsfc.nasa.gov TO VERIFY THAT THIS IS THE CORRECT VERSION PRIOR TO USE. Space Communications and Navigation (SCaN) Mission Operations and Communications Services (MOCS) Effective Date: March 15, 2019 Approved and Prepared by: John J. Hudiburg 3/15/19 J ohn J. Hudiburg Date Mission Integration and Commitment Manager, SCaN Network Services Division Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate NASA Headquarters Washington, D. C. SCaN-MOCS-0001 Revision 2 Preface This document is under configuration management of the SCaN Integrated Network Configuration Control Board (SINCCB). This document will be changed by Documentation Change Notice (DCN) or complete revision. Proposed changes to this document must be submitted to the SCaN Configuration Management Office along with supportive material justifying the proposed change. Comments or questions concerning this document and proposed changes shall be addressed to: Configuration Management Office [email protected] Space Communications and Navigation Office NASA Headquarters Washington, D. C. ii SCaN-MOCS-0001 Revision 2 Change Information Page List of Effective Pages Page Number Issue Title Rev 2 iii -
Telecommunications Technology and Native Americans: Opportunities and Challenges
Telecommunications Technology and Native Americans: Opportunities and Challenges August 1995 OTA-ITC-621 Recommended Citation: U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, Telecommunications Technology and Native Americans: Opportunities and Challenges, OTA-ITC-621 (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, August 1995). oreword elecommunications Technology and Native Americans: Opportuni- ties and Challenges examines the potential of telecommunications to improve the socioeconomic conditions of Native Americans— American Indians, Alaska Natives, and Native Hawaiians—living in rural, remote areas, and to help them maintain their cultures and exercise control over their lives and destinies. The report discusses the opportunities for Native Americans to use tele- communications (including computer networking, videoconferencing, multimedia, digital and wireless technologies, and the like) in the realms of culture, education, health care, economic development, and governance. It also explores the challenges and barriers to realizing these opportunities, notably the need to improve the technology infrastructure (and access to it), technical training, leadership, strategic partnerships, and telecommunica- tions planning on Indian reservations and in Alaska Native villages and Na- tive Hawaiian communities. Prepared at the request of the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs, this is the first federal government report on Native American telecommunica- tions. It provides a framework for technology planning and policy actions by Congress and relevant federal agencies, as well as by Native leaders and governments. Native Americans were involved throughout the study. OTA made site visits to six states and consulted with Native leaders and technolo- gy experts in about two dozen other states. Computer networking was used extensively for research and outreach, and OTA developed the Native American Resource Page for this study, a World Wide Web home page ac- cessible via OTA Online (http://www.ota.gov/nativea.html). -
(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,045,681 B2 Hertel Et Al
USOO8045681 B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,045,681 B2 Hertel et al. (45) Date of Patent: Oct. 25, 2011 (54) METHOD OF OPERATING A (56) References Cited TELECOMMUNICATIONS LINK BETWEEN TWO TELECOMMUNICATIONS DEVICES U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS WHICH TRANSMITS DISPLAY CONTROL 5,003,577 A * 3/1991 Ertz et al. ................... 379.88.13 COMMANDS IN A SEPARATE DATA 6,157,705. A * 12/2000 Perrone ...................... 379.88.01 CHANNEL 6, 192,057 B1 2/2001 Duecket al. 6,252,944 B1* 6/2001 Hansen et al. ............... 379 (67.1 (75) Inventors: Andreas Hertel, Barendorf (DE); 2002/0055350 A1* 5/2002 Gupte et al. ... ... 455,412 2002fOO73142 A1* 6, 2002 Moran ........... TO9,203 H.-Dieter Kröger, Wakendord II (DE) 2002fO154745 A1 * 10, 2002 Shtivelman .... ... 379.88.12 (73) Assignee: Aastra Deutschland GmbH, Berlin 2008/0317235 A1 12/2008 Hansen et al. ........... 379,211.02 (DE) FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS DE 1963O45.6 A1 1, 1998 *) NotOt1Ce: Subjubject to anyy d1Sclaimer,disclai theh term off thisthi EP O 590,862 A2 4f1994 patent is extended or adjusted under 35 EP 1381,212 A1 1, 2004 U.S.C. 154(b) by 1395 days. OTHER PUBLICATIONS (21) Appl. No.: 11/583,478 Janusz Klink: “Remote data transfer in distributed measurement, diagnostics and control systems'. In IEEE International Symposium (22) Filed: Oct. 19, 2006 on Intelligent Signal Processing, Sep. 4-6, 2003, p. 231-235. (65) Prior Publication Data * cited by examiner US 2007/O127633 A1 Jun. 7, 2007 Primary Examiner — Fan Tsang Related U.S. Application Data Assistant Examiner — Solomon Bezuayehu (63) Continuation of application No. -
Unit 3 Telecommunications : Basics
Information Technology: Concept and Basics UNIT 3 TELECOMMUNICATIONS : BASICS Structure 3.0 Objectives 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Basic Concepts and Terminology 3.2.1 Telecommunications: Definitions 3.3 Data Transmission 3.3.1 Analog Transmission 3.3.2 Digital Transmission 3.3.3 Frequency and Bandwidth 3.3.4 Message Quality and Quantity 3.4 Communication Channels 3.4.1 Synchronous and Asynchronous Transmission 3.4.2 Modems 3.5 Transmission Media 3.5.1 Twisted Pairs 3.5.2 Coaxial Cables 3.5.3 Optical Fibres 3.5.4 Microwave Transmission 3.5.5 Satellite Transmission 3.5.6 Choice of Medium 3.6 Switching Mechanisms 3.6.1 Circuit Switching 3.6.2 Message Switching 3.6.3 Packet Switching 3.7 Networking and Telecommunications 3.7.1 Networks 3.7.2 Types of Networking 3.7.3 Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) 3.8 Telecommunications Standards and Protocols 3.8.1 Standards 3.8.2 Protocols 3.9 Summary 3.10 Answers to Self Check Exercises 3.11 Key Words 3.12 References and Further Reading 3.0 OBJECTIVES After reading this Unit, you will be able to: • understand what telecommunications is all about and the features and characteristics it involves; • explain the basic, concepts and terminologies in telecommunications; • discuss the ways and methods as to how information is transmitted; • identify the specific telecommunications technologies and their current or potential applications in library and information activities; • examine information developments which are a direct result of the recent advances in telecommunications; and • acquire knowledge relating to some important standards that are helpful in the transmission process. -
Vol. 82 Monday, No. 226 November 27, 2017 Pages 55923–56150
Vol. 82 Monday, No. 226 November 27, 2017 Pages 55923–56150 OFFICE OF THE FEDERAL REGISTER VerDate Sep 11 2014 21:14 Nov 24, 2017 Jkt 244001 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4710 Sfmt 4710 E:\FR\FM\27NOWS.LOC 27NOWS ethrower on DSK3G9T082PROD with FRONT MATTER WS II Federal Register / Vol. 82, No. 226 / Monday, November 27, 2017 The FEDERAL REGISTER (ISSN 0097–6326) is published daily, SUBSCRIPTIONS AND COPIES Monday through Friday, except official holidays, by the Office PUBLIC of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, DC 20408, under the Federal Register Subscriptions: Act (44 U.S.C. Ch. 15) and the regulations of the Administrative Paper or fiche 202–512–1800 Committee of the Federal Register (1 CFR Ch. I). The Assistance with public subscriptions 202–512–1806 Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Publishing Office, Washington, DC 20402 is the exclusive distributor of the official General online information 202–512–1530; 1–888–293–6498 edition. Periodicals postage is paid at Washington, DC. Single copies/back copies: The FEDERAL REGISTER provides a uniform system for making Paper or fiche 202–512–1800 available to the public regulations and legal notices issued by Assistance with public single copies 1–866–512–1800 Federal agencies. These include Presidential proclamations and (Toll-Free) Executive Orders, Federal agency documents having general FEDERAL AGENCIES applicability and legal effect, documents required to be published Subscriptions: by act of Congress, and other Federal agency documents of public interest. Assistance with Federal agency subscriptions: Documents are on file for public inspection in the Office of the Email [email protected] Federal Register the day before they are published, unless the Phone 202–741–6000 issuing agency requests earlier filing. -
Telecommunications Electronic Reviews (TER)
Telecommunications Electronic Reviews (TER) Volume 2, Issue 4, October, 1995 Telecommunications Electronic Reviews (TER) is a publication of the Library and Information Technology Association. Telecommunications Electronic Reviews (ISSN: 1075-9972) is a periodical copyright © 1995 by the American Library Association. Documents in this issue, subject to copyright by the American Library Association or by the authors of the documents, may be reproduced for noncommercial, educational, or scientific purposes granted by Sections 107 and 108 of the Copyright Revision Act of 1976, provided that the copyright statement and source for that material are clearly acknowledged and that the material is reproduced without alteration. None of these documents may be reproduced or adapted for commercial distribution without the prior written permission of the designated copyright holder for the specific documents. Contents A New Addition REVIEW OF: Gerald L. Hopkins. The ISDN Literacy Book. by Thomas Dowling. ISDN for the Library WAN: A Review of ISDN Technology through Practical Application. by Marshall Breeding About TER (/lita/publications/archive/ter) A New Addition We are pleased to offer an addition to TER: technology case studies. In this issue we highlight ISDN, a technology that has received a fair amount of press recently. You will find a review of one helpful book, a tale of one library's experience in implementing ISDN, and a useful list of ISDN resources. We hope to continue to provide reviews of specific networking technologies that hold promise for local and wide area networking in libraries. If you have had experience implementing a particular technology in these categories and would like to share it with your colleagues, please contact me at [email protected] (mailto:[email protected]). -
Link Characteristics and Performance
Telecommunications Satellite Communications Link Characteristics and Performance Courseware Sample 86312-F0 Order no.: 86312-10 First Edition Revision level: 07/2015 By the staff of Festo Didactic © Festo Didactic Ltée/Ltd, Quebec, Canada 2014 Internet: www.festo-didactic.com e-mail: [email protected] Printed in Canada All rights reserved ISBN 978-2-89640-419-3 (Printed version) ISBN 978-2-89747-103-3 (CD-ROM) Legal Deposit – Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec, 2014 Legal Deposit – Library and Archives Canada, 2014 The purchaser shall receive a single right of use which is non-exclusive, non-time-limited and limited geographically to use at the purchaser's site/location as follows. The purchaser shall be entitled to use the work to train his/her staff at the purchaser's site/location and shall also be entitled to use parts of the copyright material as the basis for the production of his/her own training documentation for the training of his/her staff at the purchaser's site/location with acknowledgement of source and to make copies for this purpose. In the case of schools/technical colleges, training centers, and universities, the right of use shall also include use by school and college students and trainees at the purchaser's site/location for teaching purposes. The right of use shall in all cases exclude the right to publish the copyright material or to make this available for use on intranet, Internet and LMS platforms and databases such as Moodle, which allow access by a wide variety of users, including those outside of the purchaser's site/location. -
Simulations of Step-Like Bragg Gratings in Silica Fibers Using Comsol
SIMULATIONS OF STEP-LIKE BRAGG GRATINGS IN SILICA FIBERS USING COMSOL A Thesis Presented to The Graduate Faculty of The University of Akron In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science Rasika Dahanayake May, 2016 SIMULATIONS OF STEP-LIKE BRAGG GRATINGS IN SILICA FIBERS USING COMSOL Rasika Dahanayake Thesis Approved: Accepted: ______________________________ ______________________________ Advisor Dean of the College Dr. Sergei F. Lyuksyutov Dr. John Green ______________________________ ______________________________ Faculty Reader Dean of the Graduate School Dr. Robert R. Mallik Dr. Chand Midha ______________________________ ______________________________ Faculty Reader Date Dr. Alper Buldum ______________________________ Department Chair Dr. David Steer ii ABSTRACT The purpose of the research was to build a model for simulations of Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors under harsh conditions. In this thesis we were studying the 2D model of a fiber under different wavelength EM radiation (530 nm, 1310 nm, and 1530 nm), also we introduced a novel 3D model of FBG. The 3D model of the FBG is used to study the modes of the fiber under varying grating period (1310 nm, 908.62 nm, and 454.31 nm) and with varying number of slabs in the grating (10, 50, and 100). The novelty of this work is an introduction of step-like profile in FBGs. Potentially, this approach may be used for experimental high temperature sensing under harsh conditions. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First I would like to thank Dr. Sergei Lyuksyutov for being my advisor and taking me into your research group. I was able to learn and grow under your guidance and advice during the project and throughout my time at the University of Akron. -
5 Optical Fibers
5 Optical Fibers Takis Hadjifotiou Telecommunications Consultant Introduction Optical fi ber communications have come a long way since Kao and Hockman (then at the Standard Telecommunications Laboratories in England) published their pioneering paper on communication over a piece of fi ber using light (Kao & Hockman, 1966). It took Robert Maurer, Donald Keck, and Peter Schultz (then at Corning Glass Works–USA) four years to reach the loss of 20 dB/km that Kao and Hockman had considered as the target for loss, and the rest, as they say, is history. For those interested in the evolution of optical communica- tions, Hecht (1999) will provide a clear picture of the fi ber revolution and its ramifi cations. The purpose of this chapter is to provide an outline of the performance of fi bers that are fabricated today and that provide the pathway for the transmission of light for communications. The research literature on optical fi bers is vast, and by virtue of necessity the references at the end of this chapter are limited to a few books that cover the topics outlined here. The Structure and Physics of an Optical Fiber The optical fi bers used in communications have a very simple structure. They consist of two sections: the glass core and the cladding layer (Figure 5.1). The core is a cylindrical structure, and the cladding is a cylinder without a core. Core and cladding have different refractive indices, with the core having a refractive index, n1, which is slightly higher than that of the cladding, n2. It is this difference in refractive indices that enables the fi ber to guide the light.