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Thesis- Gunhee Isaac ABSTRACT Latin Inscriptions in the San Antonio Museum of Art Gunhee Isaac Lee Director: Alden Smith, Ph.D. The purpose of this thesis is to introduce the reader to Latin inscriptions found in the San Antonio Museum of Art. These inscriptions are epitaphs produced during the time of Roman Empire, and studying these inscriptions will broaden the understanding of Latin epigraphy. The first chapter consists of introduction and background of Latin epigraphy. Chapter Two contains inscriptions from the San Antonio Museum of Art along with complementation, direct translation, and evaluation of these inscriptions followed by the examples from ILS for further classification and scholarly research. Finally, Chapter Three contains the criticism of epigraphy and the importance of inscriptions. APPROVED BY DIRECTOR OF HONORS THESIS: _______________________________________ Dr. Alden Smith, Classics Department APPROVED BY THE HONORS PROGRAM: _______________________________________ Dr. Andrew Wisely, Director DATE: __________________________ LATIN INSCRIPTIONS IN THE SAN ANTONIO MUSEUM OF ART A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Baylor University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Honors Program By Gunhee Isaac Lee Waco, Texas May 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................... SIGNATURE PAGE ........................................................................................................... TITLE PAGE ....................................................................................................................... TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................... vi CHAPTER ONE: Introduction and Background .......................................................................................... 1 Introduction to the Subject .............................................................................................. 1 Background ..................................................................................................................... 2 Characteristics and Importance of Latin Inscription .................................................... 3 Types of Latin Inscription ............................................................................................ 4 Building Inscriptions ............................................................................................................ 4 Honorific Inscriptions ......................................................................................... 5 Dedicatory inscriptions ........................................................................................................ 5 Sepulchral Inscriptions or Epitaphs ................................................................................. 6 Inscriptions on Portable Objects ....................................................................................... 6 Graffiti and Dipinti ................................................................................................................. 7 Materials of Latin Inscription ...................................................................................... 8 Dating Latin Inscriptions ............................................................................................. 8 Modern Scholarship on Latin Epigraphy ..................................................................... 9 Roman Names ............................................................................................................ 12 ii CHAPTER TWO: Inscriptions from the San Antonio Museum of Art ..................................................... 13 Cinerary urn of Saturnia ................................................................................................ 13 Cinerary urn of Flavius .................................................................................................. 18 Cinerary urn of Lepidia ................................................................................................. 22 Cinerary urn of Sulpicia ................................................................................................ 27 Funerary relief of Lucius Gallonius Ascanto, Lucius Gallonius Philodamus, and Gallonia Laais ................................................................................................................ 31 Funerary Inscription ...................................................................................................... 35 CHAPTER THREE: Criticism and Importance .............................................................................................. 38 Criticism of Epigraphy ................................................................................................................... 38 Importance of these inscriptions ................................................................................ 40 BIBLIOGRAPHY .......................................................................................................... 43 iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my genuine gratitude to my thesis director Dr. Alden Smith, who has been my mentor, friend, and brother in Christ. I have often gone astray during my four years of my undergraduate life and especially in my senior year, but you have always shown me the grace that I needed. This thesis is made possible by your encouragements, threats, and advice. I have seen God’s grace in your life, and I wish to reflect that in my life too. You have been a father figure throughout my Baylor life. I also would like to express my gratitude to Dean Thomas Hibbs, who has given me so many opportunities throughout the Honors College and Residential College. You have often turned a blind eye on me whenever I have committed rather serious misdemeanors. I thank you for that. You have not only encouraged me, but also given me grave advice for my future academic career. I will heed your advice well. If I ever choose to become a Catholic, I want you to be my godfather. Great honor and thanks belong to Dr. Lynn Tatum, my favorite professor who encouraged me to get out of my long-held complacency, to think and evaluate things that I used to take for granted, and to pursue my dream. You are my tutor and liberator. You made me to become a thinking-Christian through some of the most unlikely, even uncomfortable, lessons. I know I will keep my faith strong wherever I go due to your teachings. I am ready to explore! If I a choice to have a weird uncle, I would love for you to be one for me. I am ever grateful to Dr. Brent Froberg, who has spent so many hours helping me to complete my thesis. It is your unselfish investment in my thesis that saved me from a certain failure, and I cannot thank you enough for this. I will make sure to lend help to those who are in abject despair and horror. What a savior you are! I extend my gratitude and sincere affection to my dear friends Wesley Beck, Adaobi Ekweani, Jacob Imam, Ross Rohlmeier, Will Simmons, and Dillon Stull, who prayed, fasted, encouraged, and believed in me while I was struggling to finish all my works. You guys are great gifts in my life, and I love you all so much. May the blessings of our Lord be upon all of you and your families! Finally and most importantly, I express my great love and appreciation to God, who provided me with fantastic family, friends, professors, and education. You have led me here, and you are the best screenwriter ever. I love you Lord with all my heart, soul, and might. I cannot wait to find out your plans for my future. Entrances to holiness are everywhere. The possibility of ascent is all the time, even at unlikely times and through unlikely places. There is no place on earth without the Presence. iv CHAPTER ONE Introduction and Background I. Introduction The title of this thesis is Latin Inscriptions in the San Antonio Museum of Art. The purpose of this thesis is to present and to examine six Latin inscriptions found in the San Antonio Museum of Art. During the last spring break, Dr. Smith and I visited the San Antonio Museum of Art, searching for inscriptions worthy of further research and examination. There we found a number of artifacts, namely funerary urns and tombstones. We realized that for each entry there is only minimal information available regarding its functional name, origin of style, time period, material, and inscriptional translation. After speaking with the curator, we further discovered that none of these inscriptions was previously researched on or published by scholars. Upon realizing this, I decided to do my thesis project on these inscriptions. The majority of inscriptions to be considered in this thesis are sepulchral inscriptions and epitaphs. Expansion, direct translation, and evaluation of these inscriptions will be followed by examples from the Inscriptiones Latinae Selectae and Harvard University’s Sackler Museum for further classification and scholarly research. I dedicate this thesis to aspiring Latin scholars who wish to apply their scholarship of Latin language beyond classroom readings and translations. In the practical, first-hand field of epigraphy, one can utilize his or her 1 learning of language as well as acquire further knowledge of translating, cataloguing, and understanding inscriptions based on the previous academic work of epigraphers. It is my wish that every
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