DOCSLIB.ORG

Improving Truck Efficiency and Reducing Idling

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Improving Truck Efficiency and Reducing Idling Report Improving Truck Efficiency and Reducing Idling Submitted to: House Interim Committee on Environment and Water Senate Interim Committee on Environment and Natural Resources October 1, 2010 This report prepared by: Oregon Department of Environmental Quality 811 SW 6th Avenue Portland, OR 97204 1-800-452-4011 www.oregon.gov/deq Contact: Kevin Downing Shelley Matthews (503) 229-6549 Last Updated: 09/08/2010 By: Kevin Downing DEQ 10-AQ-119 Improving Truck Efficiency and Reducing2 2 Idling In 2009 the 75th Oregon Legislative Assembly enacted House Bill 2186, directing the Department of Environmental Quality to conduct a study of potential requirements regarding the maintenance or retrofitting of medium- and heavy- duty trucks in order to reduce aerodynamic drag and greenhouse gas emissions from those trucks. As part of the study, the department was also directed to study potential restrictions on engine use by parked commercial vehicles, including but not limited to medium- and heavy-duty trucks. These particular issues were among those identified earlier as recommended strategies to address climate change by the Governor‘s Task Force on Global Warming in 2006. Specifically the Task Force recommended that the state Set and meet goals for reduced truck idling at truck and safety stops, and Set and meet goals for freight (truck/rail) transportation efficiency; achieve this through equipment coordination and land use. In conducting this study, House Bill 2186 specifies that DEQ evaluate: Comparable requirements of other states or the United States Environmental Protection Agency; The availability of financing programs to fund initial capital costs that are recouped in fuel savings over time; Differences among truck types, such as short-haul trucks and long-haul trucks; Implementation according to a phased-in schedule taking into account fleet size; The feasibility of requiring sellers of medium- and heavy-duty trucks to disclose to buyers the existence of applicable greenhouse gas emissions reduction requirements; and The feasibility of providing economic hardship exemptions and deferrals for owners and operators of trucks, after considering the ability of owners and operators of trucks to attain a return on investment within the time period specified in any financing instrument available to fund initial capital costs associated with any potential requirements. This report fills the directive in House Bill 2186 for DEQ, after consultation with stakeholders, to report to the legislative interim committees on environment and natural resources on recommendations for improvements to truck efficiency and reduced idling by Oct. 1, 2010. DEQ convened a workgroup of stakeholders to discuss the topics listed in House Bill 2186. While the workgroup provided valuable advice and counsel as to the direction and scope of this report, the conclusions and recommendations are solely those of the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality. Improving Truck Efficiency and3 3 Reducing Idling Table of Contents Executive Summary .................................................................................................. 1 Background ............................................................................................................... 4 Purpose / Scope.............................................................................................................................. 4 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 4 Study Group and Stakeholder Involvement Process ...................................................................... 6 Air Emissions and Impacts ....................................................................................... 7 Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Commercial Vehicles ............................................................... 7 Human Health and Environmental Impacts ................................................................................... 8 Truck Efficiency Findings ........................................................................................ 9 Comparable Requirements of Other States or US EPA ............................................................... 11 Technologies to Reduce Aerodynamic Drag and Rolling Resistance .......................................... 13 Cost Effectiveness ....................................................................................................................... 18 Financing Programs ..................................................................................................................... 24 The Recommended Oregon Heavy-Duty Truck Greenhouse Gas Measure ................................ 26 Reduced Idling Findings ......................................................................................... 27 Idle Hours and Fuel Consumption ............................................................................................... 27 Idling Emissions and Impacts ...................................................................................................... 29 Alternatives to Primary Engine Idling ......................................................................................... 29 Anti-Idling Regulations and Initiatives ........................................................................................ 31 The Recommended Oregon Idling Reduction Measure ............................................................... 34 Recommendations ................................................................................................... 35 Truck Efficiency .......................................................................................................................... 35 Reduced Idling ............................................................................................................................. 39 Bibliography ........................................................................................................... 42 Appendix A – Enrolled House Bill 2186 ................................................................ 48 Appendix B – Truck Efficiency and Reduced Idling Workgroup .......................... 50 Appendix C – Truck Efficiency and Reduced Idling Workgroup Minutes ............ 51 Appendix D – Truck Weight Classes ...................................................................... 75 Appendix E – Fuel Consumption Improvement Technologies............................... 76 Appendix F – Net Return and Simple Payback Calculation Results ...................... 81 Appendix G – Idle Reduction Technologies ........................................................... 84 Improving Truck Efficiency and4 4 Reducing Idling Appendix H – Comparison of Idle Reduction Technologies .................................. 88 Appendix I – Compendium of Idling Regulations .................................................. 91 Appendix J – State and Federal Anti-Idling Initiatives ........................................ 105 Appendix K – Recommended Truck Efficiency Rules ......................................... 111 Appendix L – Recommended Commercial Vehicle Idling Rules ........................ 143 Improving Truck Efficiency and5 5 Reducing Idling Figures and Tables Figures Figure 1 Freight Movement by Mode ................................................................................................. 4 Figure 2 Truck Activity Mirrors Industrial Production ......................................................................... 4 Figure 3 Change in VMT and Fuel Consumption ................................................................................. 5 Figure 4 US Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Economic Sector .............................................................. 7 Figure 5 US Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Transportation Mode - 2008 ........................................... 7 Figure 6 Oregon Greenhouse Gas Inventory, 2005 ............................................................................. 8 Figure 7 Medium-, Heavy-Duty Trucks & Fuel Usage ......................................................................... 9 Figure 8 Energy losses in truck freight movement ............................................................................ 15 Figure 9 "Classic" vs. Aero Styling ..................................................................................................... 15 Figure 10 Aerodynamic Trailer Designs ............................................................................................ 16 Figure 11 Operating power losses for tractor trailer combinations .................................................. 16 Figure 12 NESCCAF Fuel Consumption Reduction and Cost Results for Analyzed Packages ............. 19 Figure 13 Annual Net Return - 48 Month Note - Tractor with 3 Trailers .......................................... 23 Figure 14 Simple Payback - Tractor with 3 Trailers ........................................................................... 23 Figure 16 Shorepower Truck Idling Electrification System ................................................................ 87 Figure 17 CabAire Truck Idling Electrification System....................................................................... 87 Tables Table 1 Projected Medium- and Heavy-Duty Truck Fuel Consumption .............................................. 5 Table 2 Fuel Economy vs. Fuel Consumption .................................................................................... 10 Table 3 National
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Synthesis of Research on the Use of Idle Reduction Technologies in Transit
    Synthesis of Research on the Use of Idle Reduction Technologies in Transit Final Report October 2015 PROJECT NO. 2117-905R0-2 PREPARED FOR National Center for Transit Research (NCTR) 1 Synthesis of Research on the Use of Idle Reduction Technologies in Transit Prepared for: National Center for Transit Research University of South Florida Joel Volinski, Project Manager Prepared by: Center for Urban Transportation Research University of South Florida Alexander Kolpakov, PI, Research Associate Stephen L. Reich, Co-PI, Program Director Final Report October 2015 ii Disclaimer The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the information presented herein. This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the University of South Florida’s National Center for Transit Research (NCTR) in the interest of information exchange. The University of South Florida and the National Center for Transit Research assume no liability for the contents or use thereof. The opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the National Center for Transit Research. iii Technical Report Documentation 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient’s Catalog No. 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date Synthesis of Research on the Use of Idle Reduction October 2015 Technologies in Transit 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. Alexander Kolpakov, Stephen L. Reich NCTR 2117-905R0-2 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) Center for Urban Transportation Research (CUTR) University of South Florida 4202 East Fowler Avenue, CUT100 Tampa, FL 33620-5375 11.
    [Show full text]
  • Idling: Cruising the Fuel Inefficiency Expressway
    About Argonne National Laboratory Argonne is a U.S. Department of Energy laboratory managed by UChicago Argonne, LLC under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. The Laboratory’s main facility is outside Chicago, at 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439. For information about Argonne and its pioneering science and technology programs, see www.anl.gov. Availability of This Report This report is available, at no cost, at http://www.osti.gov/bridge. It is also available on paper to the U.S. Department of Energy and its contractors, for a processing fee, from: U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information P.O. Box 62 Oak Ridge, TN 37831-0062 phone (865) 576-8401 fax (865) 576-5728 [email protected] Disclaimer This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor UChicago Argonne, LLC, nor any of their employees or officers, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of document authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof, Argonne National Laboratory, or UChicago Argonne, LLC.
    [Show full text]
  • Idle Reduction Technology Demonstration Plan
    September 2003 • NREL/TP-540-34872 Idle Reduction Technology Demonstration Plan Update Ken Proc, National Renewable Energy Laboratory Bob Nitschke, Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory Fred Wagner, Energetics Mike Anderson, U.S. Department of Energy Lee Slezak, U.S. Department of Energy National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617 Cole Boulevard Golden, Colorado 80401-3393 NREL is a U.S. Department of Energy Laboratory Operated by Midwest Research Institute • Battelle • Bechtel Contract No. DE-AC36-99-GO10337 September 2003 • NREL/TP-540-34872 Idle Reduction Technology Demonstration Plan Update Ken Proc, National Renewable Energy Laboratory Bob Nitschke, Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory Fred Wagner, Energetics Mike Anderson, U.S. Department of Energy Lee Slezak, U.S. Department of Energy Prepared under Task No. FY03.0730 National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617 Cole Boulevard Golden, Colorado 80401-3393 NREL is a U.S. Department of Energy Laboratory Operated by Midwest Research Institute • Battelle • Bechtel Contract No. DE-AC36-99-GO10337 NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States government or any agency thereof.
    [Show full text]
  • How to Develop a Heavy-Duty Diesel Technology Verification Program
    How to Develop a Heavy- Duty Diesel Technology Verifcation Program A Comprehensive Resource Manual '"-...;: ,s,:rit~[TIONtWay AGENCY · ~U.S. ENVIRONMENT CONTENTS INTRODUCTION Message from U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Chris Grundler MODULES Module I: Why Develop a Heavy-Duty Diesel Technology Verifcation Program? Module II: Getting Started Module III: Design Your Program Module IV: Launch Your Program Module V: Evaluate, Refne, and Expand APPENDICES Appendix A: Cost and Effectiveness Ranges for Selected Technologies Appendix B: Group Exercise Materials Group Exercise 7: Sample Vendor Application Group Exercise 8: Stakeholder Scripts Group Exercise 11: Example Benefts Calculation Worksheet Contents i Message from U.S.Environmental Protection Agency’s Chris Grundler The United States’ economic health, indeed the world’s, is dependent upon the safe, speedy, and secure movement of goods, commodities, materials, and food. Moving this freight not only drives economic growth and development, but it also is a signifcant global force of its own: Chris Grundler, Director, employing millions and spurring investment, innovation, and worldwide Offce of Transportation interdependencies. and Air Quality (OTAQ), EPA Largely powered by diesel engines, the freight sector is growing and heavy-duty trucks are its bedrock. Globally, CO2 emissions from freight transport are growing at a faster rate than passenger vehicles. As freight activity in the United States increases, projections are that during this same time frame, growth in greenhouse gas emissions from freight will exceed growth in greenhouse emissions from all other transportation activities.1 To combat these emissions and health effects, U.S. EPA has established partnership programs that spur innovation, drive cost savings, and encourage effciency improvements for feet owners, operators, manufacturers, and others throughout the transportation sector.
    [Show full text]
  • Engine/Powerplant and Drivetrain Optimization and Vehicle Efficiency
    DRAFT TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT: ENGINE/POWERPLANT AND DRIVETRAIN OPTIMIZATION AND VEHICLE EFFICIENCY June 2015 State of California AIR RESOURCES BOARD This report has been prepared by the staff of the Air Resources Board. Publication does not signify that the contents reflect the views and policies of the Air Resources Board, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. TABLE OF CONTENTS Contents Page Executive Summary ….. ............................................................................................ ES-1 I. Introduction and Purpose of Assessment… ....................................................... I-1 II. Overview of Engine and Vehicle Technologies.................................................. II-1 III. Fuel Consumption Reduction Potential for Technology Suites by Class .......... III-1 IV. Demonstration Projects .................................................................................... IV-1 V. Next Steps ......................................................................................................... V-1 VI. References ...................................................................................................... VI-1 i TABLE OF CONTENTS (cont.) APPENDICES Appendix A: Technology Summary: Engine/Powerplant and Drivetrain Optimization and Vehicle/Trailer Efficiency ii TABLE OF CONTENTS (cont.) Contents - Tables Page Table ES-1: Engine Technologies Evaluated ............................................................ ES-4 Table ES-2:
    [Show full text]
  • National Idling Reduction Network News
    January 2009 SOLICITATIONS FOR FUNDING AND AWARDS [Red text indicates a new entry compared to last month.] Organization Project Funding Deadline Website Allegheny County Allegheny County Diesel School $500,000 Rolling deadline http://www.achd.net/air/air.html and go to (Pennsylvania) Health Bus Retrofit Program until funds are “School Bus Retrofit Program” on the right Department awarded. side of the screen California Air Resources On-Road Heavy-Duty Vehicle ~$48 million Rolling deadline http://www.arb.ca.gov/ba/loan/on- Board (CARB) Loan Program for loan until funds are road/documents/hdvloanprogram.pdf guarantees awarded. Climate Trust Greenhouse Gas Offset Projects $8 million Rolling deadline http://www.climatetrust.org/solicitations_open. until funds are php awarded. Efficiency Maine Small Business Low Interest Loan Indetermi- Rolling deadline http://www.efficiencymaine.com/business_pro Program nate until funds are grams_sblilp.htm awarded. Pittsburgh Public Schools, Pittsburgh Healthy School Bus $500,000 Rolling deadline http://www.dieselretrofitrebate.org the Heinz Endowments, Fund until funds are Clean Water Action, awarded. Group Against Smog and Pollution, and the Clean Air Task Force New York State Research PON 1158: School Bus Idling ~$325,000 Rolling deadline http://www.nyserda.org/funding/1158pon.asp and Development Reduction Demonstration between Authority (NYSERDA) Program for Westchester, November 10, Putnam, and Dutchess Counties 2008, and March 31, 2009 Organization Project Funding Deadline Website Ohio Energy Office
    [Show full text]
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicle and Idle Reduction Technology Activities
    U.S. Department of Energy FreedomCAR & Vehicle Technologies Program Advanced Vehicle Testing Activity – Hybrid Electric Vehicle and Idle Reduction Technology Activities Jim Francfort DOE - Advanced Vehicle Testing Activity Presentation Outline • AVTA Goal • AVTA Testing Partners • Hybrid Electric Vehicle Testing (Performance) • Hybrid Electric Vehicle Policy Support • Hybrid Electric Vehicle Provisions in pending Energy Bill • State and Local Idle Reduction Activities • State and Local Idle Reduction Regulations • DOE Idle Reduction Demonstration Project DOE - Advanced Vehicle Testing Activity AVTA Goal • Benchmark and validate the performance of light-, medium-, and heavy-duty vehicles that feature one or more advanced technologies, including: – ICE’s burning advanced fuels, such as 100% hydrogen and hydrogen/CNG-blended fuels – Hybrid electric, pure electric, and hydraulic drive systems – Advanced batteries and engines – Advanced climate control, power electronic, and other ancillary systems DOE - Advanced Vehicle Testing Activity AVTA Testing Partners • Qualified Vehicle Testers (50 – 50 cost share) – Electric Transportation Applications (lead) – Arizona Public Service (APS) – Bank One – Ford Motor Company – Luke AFB – New York Power Authority – Red Cross – Southern California Edison – Salt River Project – Cites of Palm Springs, Palm Valley, Phoenix, Vacaville, and San Diego DOE - Advanced Vehicle Testing Activity Hybrid Electric Vehicle Testing • Honda Insight • Honda Civic • MY ’02 & ’03 Toyota Prius • MY ’04 Toyota Prius • Fleet
    [Show full text]
  • Heavy-Duty Truck Idle Reduction Technology Demonstations
    June 30, 2006 Heavy-Duty Truck Idle Reduction Technology Demonstrations 2005 Status Report Fred Wagner Energetics Incorporated 1 NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States government or any agency thereof. Printed on paper containing at least 50% wastepaper, including 20% post consumer waste i Table of Contents Executive Summary ............................................................................................. 1 Background .......................................................................................................... 2 Schneider National............................................................................................... 3 Caterpillar............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Status and Issues for Idling Reduction in the United States Alternative Fuel and Advanced Vehicle Technology Market Trends
    Status and Issues for Idling Reduction in the United States Alternative Fuel and Advanced Vehicle Technology Market Trends Argonne National Laboratory Linda Gaines and Patricia Weikersheimer February 2015 Status and Issues for Idling Reduction in the United States Alternative Fuel and Advanced Vehicle Technology Market Trends Linda Gaines Patricia Weikersheimer Argonne National Laboratory February 2015 Prepared by ARGONNE NATIONAL LABORATORY Lemont, IL 60439 managed by U-CHICAGO ARGONNE, LLC for the U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY CONTENTS Executive Summary .............................................................................................................. iii 1. INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................1 1.1 Clean Cities and Argonne National Laboratory..........................................................2 1.2 Personal-Vehicle Idling vs. Fleet Idling .....................................................................3 2. LONG-HAUL SLEEPER TRUCKS ..................................................................................4 2.1 Current Market Status .................................................................................................4 2.2 Top-Level Trends/Projections ....................................................................................6 2.3 Opportunities...............................................................................................................7 2.4 Benefits Quantification ...............................................................................................8
    [Show full text]
  • Smartway Transport Partnership
    SmartWay Transport Partnership Overview US Environmental Protection Agency August 2011 Outline • Drivers and Challenges • SmartWay Overview • Program Enhancements • Public Service Campaign • Globalizing the SmartWay Template • Appendix: SmartWay Technologies and Practices 2 U.S. Transportation Diesel Emissions NOx Mobile Source Diesel PM2.5 Mobile Source Emissions Diesel Emissions C3 Marine 15% Report To Congress: Highlights of the Diesel Emission Reduction Program, National 3 Clean Diesel Campaign. EPA-420-R-09-006, August 2009 U.S. Transportation GHG Emissions Rail Marine Pipelines Aviation 2% 2% 2% 8% Passenger Cars Medium & Heavy 35% Duty Trucks 21% Light Duty Trucks 30% GHG (1,820 mmt CO2-eq, 2009) DRAFT INVENTORY OF U.S. GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS AND SINKS: 1990 – 2009 4 FEBRUARY 2011 Business Case for Freight Sustainability 5 Trucking Failures vs Diesel Prices Trucking Failures Average Price of Diesel Fuel per Gallon Sources: Avondale Partners and Energy Information Administration 6 SmartWay Program Components Partnership Light Duty Vehicles • Assess, benchmark and track • SmartWay certified vehicles emissions of carriers, shippers, and • Preferential leasing, purchasing logistics companies • Consumer education • National idle reduction program • New carbon assessment tools Outreach and Education • Partner support • Partner recognition - SmartWay web site, • GHG and fuel savings logo, and awards • Partner education – webinars, fact Technology Program sheets, e-update, web site, workshops, • Test program events • SmartWay Tractor/Trailer
    [Show full text]
  • Smartway Transport Partnership UN CSD 19 Learning Center
    SmartWay Transport Partnership UN CSD 19 Learning Center Buddy Polovick US Environmental Protection Agency 09 May 2011 Outline Part 1 • Freight Sustainability Drivers and Challenges • SmartWay Overview • Questions Part 2 • Design, Build and Implement a Freight Sustainability Program • Questions 2 Global Share of CO2 by Sector OECD/IEA 2008 3 Vehicle Freight Miles 4 www.worldmapper.org Freight Mile Growth Outpaces Passengers International Transport Forum member countries only 5 ITF 2011 Energy Volatility 6 U.S. Transportation Sector GHG Emissions Rail Marine Pipelines 2% 2% 2% Aviation 8% Passenger Cars Medium & Heavy 35% Duty Trucks 21% Light Duty Trucks 30% GHG (1,820 mmt CO2-eq, 2009) DRAFT INVENTORY OF U.S. GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS AND SINKS: 1990 – 2009 7 FEBRUARY 2011 SmartWay Program Components Partnership Light Duty Vehicles • Assess, benchmark and track • SmartWay certified vehicles emissions of carriers, shippers, and • Preferential leasing, purchasing logistics companies • Consumer education • National idle reduction program • New carbon assessment tools Outreach and Education • Partner support • Partner recognition - SmartWay web site, • GHG and fuel savings logo, and awards • Partner education – webinars, fact Technology Program sheets, e-update, web site, workshops, • Test program events • SmartWay Tractor/Trailer • Innovative pilot programs • SmartWay-verified technologies • Brand marketing – PSAs, media • Test methods campaigns, events Finance Program International Activities • Conferences, training, workshops • Innovative
    [Show full text]
  • Confidence Report: Idle-‐Reduction Solutions
    ABSTRACT This report documents the confidence thAt North American ClAss 8 trucking should hAve in pursuing Idle Reduction Solutions. The study teAm engAged the entire industry in the dAtA thAt is presented here. ThAnks to All of those who contributed to this importAnt work. Trucking Efficiency Trucking Efficiency is A joint effort between NACFE And CONFIDENCE REPORT: the CArbon WAr Room to double the freight efficiency of North AmericAn goods movement by 2016 through the eliminAtion of mArket bArriers to informAtion, IDLE-REDUCTION demAnd And supply. SOLUTIONS © 2014 North AmericAn Council for Freight Efficiency. All rights reserved. The contents of this document Are provided for informAtionAl purposes only And do not constitute An endorsement of Any product, service, industry practice, service provider, mAnufacturer, or mAnufacturing process. Nothing contAined herein is intended to constitute legAl, tAx, or Accounting Advice, And NACFE Assumes no liAbility for use of the report contents. No portion of this report or AccompAnying materiAls may be copied, reproduced or distributed in any manner without express attribution to the North AmericAn Council for Freight Efficiency. Confidence Report on Idle-Reduction Solutions Acknowledgements: Study Team: Denise Rondini, NACFE AnAlyst, Rondini CommunicAtions David SchAller, NACFE ProgrAm MAnAger, SchAller LLC Rob Swim, NACFE Analyst, Sink or Swim LLC Study Editor: Tessa Lee, Carbon War Room Study Sponsors: Gold Level Sustainable AmericA Thermo King Silver Level Werner Enterprises Bronze Level
    [Show full text]