Fred Ward Australian Pioneer Designer 1900–1990
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Fred Ward Australian pioneer designer 1900–1990 c. 1932 c. 1947 c. 1965 Derek F. Wrigley This fascinating biographical The author, Fred’s colleague and friend, Derek Wrigley, architect and narrative describes how industrial designer joined Fred in the Design Unit at the Australian National Fred Ward, a pioneer Australian University in 1957 and inherited his role in 1961 to build up a unique unit furniture designer, tried to practicing integrated design embracing site planning, architecture, furniture show from the 1930s onwards and interior design, landscape and graphic design. how good design was the missing factor in industry, Invited to design some of the furniture and coordinate the internal sculptural commerce, the bureaucracy, coats of arms for the High Court of Australia in 1977 he launched into private education and the diplomatic practice; initiated a voluntary group Technical Aid to the Disabled ACT; corps. He believed that apathy, then engaged in retrofitted solar research to overcome the lack of sunlight in ignorance, misunderstanding, southern domestic rooms. and possibly our geography, eventually undermined design’s In his spare time from 1948 to 1991 he designed and built five experimental potential benefits to everyone. solar houses for himself in Sydney and Canberra and is currently awaiting the There are lessons for the future completion of a prototype EcoSolar house in Canberra which embodies most in this story as he clearly explains of what he has learned. how a man with vision proved through a lifetime of example He has authored three books on solar domestic architecture since 2000 that science and art can enhance and developed a very successful solar reflector system to heat and our lives through the useful art psychologically uplift southern domestic rooms. of furniture. Derek F Wrigley © 2013 ISBN 978-0-9752126-3-9 2/72 Shackleton Circuit Mawson ACT 2607 Tel 61 2 6286 6134 Email [email protected] AUS $50.00 rrp Fred Ward Australian pioneer designer 1900–1990 Derek F. Wrigley Published by Derek Wrigley, Canberra, 2013 ISBN 978–0–9752126–3–9 Design by Gillian Cosgrove with Derek Wrigley Layout by Gillian Cosgrove This book has been typeset in Ideal Sans, a modern typeface designed by Hoefler & Frere-Jones reflecting humanist, handmade values: <www.typography.com> Printed in Canberra by ??? on ?? paper which has ??% recycled content and using ?? inks. Environmental production logos could go here (from paperhouse/printer) 1st printing, 2013 © Derek F Wrigley 2013 For all image permissions, please refer to p. 253. Foreword His Excellency Mr Michael Bryce am ae Frederick Ward, MBE (1900–1990) was a pioneer of the modern industrial design movement in Australia, and for those who follow design, but may not be familiar with Fred Ward’s work, this illustrated biography will be a revelation for historians, designers and architects. To call his work modern or simple, however, denies the subtlety of the influence he made to society. His work, largely in design of timber furniture, is a 50 year essay on pragmatism, as he teaches us how art becomes design and design of furniture enriches architecture. It surprises me that it has taken until now to uncover a career so influential and complete. Wrigley is a distinguished architect and designer whose own career seems to be an extension of Fred Ward’s, a protégé and later colleague of Ward’s, and eventually Head of the Australian National University Design Unit. It has become Wrigley’s role and passion to reveal the history of his mentor. No one else can have the insight spanning 50 years, nor I suspect, would many people have the tenacity to unpick the threads of Ward’s legacy. The respect that Wrigley develops stays with him into his own retirement, when he is finally able to apply his unique perspective to a book on Fred Ward, and in so doing express his own philosophy on the role of design in society. We first find Fred Ward as a young artist in the 20s and 30s, perhaps influenced by the work of architects like Charles Rennie Mackintosh, Walter Burley Griffin and Gerrit Rietveld, the Dutch furniture futurist. Ward, however, was not to follow their stylistic path, and began to find his own way ahead. 1 He is then to be found in the thirties and forties in the company of the Melbourne Modernists, artists and architects, the Boyds, the Lindsays and Will Dyson, and is much admired by them for his philosophy on design. He seeks a new way to bring design to the interiors of average Australian homes. During the Second World War, Ward was employed by the Department of Aircraft Production in the airframe construction of the famous Mosquito fighter bomber, and other famous aircraft. This essential work would have contributed to his exquisite understanding of form and structure. Soon after, Ward established his own practice as a furniture designer and around 1948, was commissioned to design an entire range of furniture and furnishings for the new University House on the campus of the Australian National University. This was the beginning of a period of modest fame as he became the champion of the special relevance of good design. Ultimately his furniture is to be found in the Prime Minister’s residence, Admiralty House, Government House, and Old Parliament House. Fred Ward was one of the first to form the Society of Designers for Industry, later to become the Design Institute of Australia. Along with Derek Wrigley they saw the need for a professional charter for designers and support for design in the factories and emporiums of corporate Australia. This led to the creation of the Industrial Design Council which survives today as Good Design Australia. Thus these two lives are intertwined and it is to the benefit of students of industrial design, craftspeople and interior designers that we now know how to spot a Wardian product. We must thank the author for a worthy contribution to the history of design in Australia and for his tribute to a furniture designer of significance. 2 Contents Foreword 1 Thank you 5 list of acronyms 7 The Melbourne Years 1900–52 1 William Morris and Fred Ward 11 2 Author’s overview 13 3 Fred’s life summary: 1900–1990 21 4 The formative years: 1910–1930 27 5 Overseas and Australian influences 37 6 The emergence of Fred the furniture designer 41 7 The lively ’thirties 47 8 The war years 57 9 A new design age dawns: 1946–1950 63 10 The beginnings of design professionalism 81 The Canberra Years 1952–90 11 Early days in Canberra 89 12 University House 99 13 Art, design, craftmanship and the ANU 113 14 ANU Design Unit 121 15 Design Council 135 16 Australian Academy of Science 145 17 Design in education 153 18 Private practice 163 19 reserve Bank of Australia 171 20 National library of Australia 179 21 Fred’s design philosophy 191 22 Fred on ‘design in Australia’ 205 23 Designing and making 209 24 Environmental influences on ANU Design Unit design 225 25 The end of a few eras 233 3 Contents continued references 241 Creative works by Fred Ward in Melbourne, Sydney and Canberra 245 Public collections of Fred Ward drawings, sketches and furniture 247 Skilled wood craft makers who turned Fred’s designs into reality 248 Organisations and individuals who have helped along the way 249 Members of the ANU Design Unit, 1954–c. 1980 252 Image permissions 253 ‘Puss’ Ward—author of Puss’s Diary 255 Note to reader Throughout the book, references to publications, websites and so on are indicated using superscript acronyms in the text (for example, ‘Puss’s diaryPD’). These are outlined in full in the References section, p. 241. Similarly, cross-references to illustrations appear in this manner (for example, ‘the Myer sketch4f’). 4 Thank you The writing of a book of this kind is, with hindsight, not a project to be taken on lightly. It involves many people supporting the writer for several years, almost to the point of becoming a family project. Commercial publishers were not keen to take a risk on a book with a limited audience so, with several skills in and around the family, we self-published. This ensured the design of the book could be emotionally closer to Fred’s philosophy of simplicity and hopefully with the right words which Puss herself might have chosen as a sort of sequel to her descriptive diary. ‘Puss’ Fred’s wife, Elinor, whose fascinating diary Shirley A sisterly design crusader with much was a constant source of information and has the experience of selling my previous books rallied yet again honour of being Fred’s first real biographer (see p. 255 for to making a self-published book possible and whose more details). enthusiasm led to the launch and exhibition at the Gallery of Australian Design in 2013. His Excellency Mr Michael Bryce am ae A long- standing colleague of the early days of the Design Lance Fellows A collector of Fred’s work who Institute, who kindly responded to a request to write encouraged me to write this story as an important a Foreword in honour of Fred. fragment of Australian history and unearthed some of Fred’s best work that otherwise might have Maxine All of a sudden words sound trite or almost been forgotten. meaningless when it comes to adequately appreciating Maxine’s enormous devotion and moral support given Beryl, Anna and Peter Wife, daughter-in-law and son in countless ways—the countless cups of coffee that of Ron Rosenfeldt, long-standing friends who made appeared without request, the meals announced just at available a large set of papers relating to the early days my point of exhaustion, not to mention the removal of of the Myer Studio, SDI, IDIA and the IDCA.