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TWA Flight 800 Fueling Information PB2000-910403 NTSB/AAR-00/03 DCA96MA070 NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION SAFETY BOARD WASHINGTON, D.C. 20594 AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT REPORT In-flight Breakup Over the Atlantic Ocean Trans World Airlines Flight 800 Boeing 747-131, N93119 Near East Moriches, New York July 17, 1996 6788G Aircraft Accident Report In-flight Breakup Over The Atlantic Ocean Trans World Airlines Flight 800 Boeing 747-131, N93119 Near East Moriches, New York July 17, 1996 NTSB/AAR-00/03 DCA96MA070 PB2000-910403 National Transportation Safety Board Notation 6788G 490 L’Enfant Plaza, S.W. Adopted August 23, 2000 Washington, D.C. 20594 National Transportation Safety Board. 2000. In-flight Breakup Over The Atlantic Ocean, Trans World Airlines Flight 800, Boeing 747-131, N93119, Near East Moriches, New York, July 17, 1996. Aircraft Accident Report NTSB/AAR-00/03. Washington, DC. Abstract: This report explains the accident involving Trans World Airlines, Inc. flight 800, which experienced an in-flight breakup and then crashed into the Atlantic Ocean near East Moriches, New York, on July 17, 1996. Safety issues in the report focus on fuel tank flammability, fuel tank ignition sources, design and certification standards, and the maintenance and aging of aircraft systems. Safety recommendations concerning these issues are addressed to the Federal Aviation Administration. The National Transportation Safety Board is an independent Federal agency dedicated to promoting aviation, railroad, highway, marine, pipeline, and hazardous materials safety. Established in 1967, the agency is mandated by Congress through the Independent Safety Board Act of 1974 to investigate transportation accidents, determine the probable causes of the accidents, issue safety recommendations, study transportation safety issues, and evaluate the safety effectiveness of government agencies involved in transportation. The Safety Board makes public its actions and decisions through accident reports, safety studies, special investigation reports, safety recommendations, and statistical reviews. Recent publications are available in their entirety on the Web at <http://www.ntsb.gov>. Other information about available publications also may be obtained from the Web site or by contacting: National Transportation Safety Board Public Inquiries Section, RE-51 490 L'Enfant Plaza, S.W. Washington, D.C. 20594 (800) 877-6799 or (202) 314-6551 Safety Board publications may be purchased, by individual copy or by subscription, from the National Technical Information Service. To purchase this publication, order report number PB2000-910403 from: National Technical Information Service 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, Virginia 22161 (800) 553-6847 or (703) 605-6000 The Independent Safety Board Act, as codified at 49 U.S.C. Section 1154(b), precludes the admission into evidence or use of Board reports related to an incident or accident in a civil action for damages resulting from a matter mentioned in the report. iii Aircraft Accident Report Contents Abbreviations. xi Executive Summary . xvi 1. Factual Information . 1 1.1 History of Flight. 1 1.2 Injuries to Persons . 4 1.3 Damage to Aircraft . 4 1.4 Other Damage . 4 1.5 Personnel Information . 4 1.5.1 The Captain (Left Front Seat) . 4 1.5.2 The Captain/Check Airman (Right Front Seat) . 5 1.5.3 The Flight Engineer (Right Aft/Flight Engineer’s Seat) . 5 1.5.4 The Flight Engineer/Check Airman (Left Aft/Cockpit Jump Seat) . 5 1.6 Airplane Information . 6 1.6.1 Boeing 747—General Description/Information . 7 1.6.1.1 747-100 Wing Center Section and Center Wing Fuel Tank Description . 12 1.6.1.2 747-100 Air Conditioning Equipment Description . 16 1.6.1.3 747-100 Electrical and Wiring Information . 21 1.6.1.3.1 747-100 Electrical Information. 21 1.6.1.3.2 747 Wiring Information—General and Specific to Accident Airplane . 22 1.6.1.3.3 Separation of 747 Wire Circuits . 25 1.6.2 747-100 Fuel System Description . 26 1.6.2.1 Fuel Quantity Indication System Components and Wiring Information. 31 1.6.2.2 747-100 Fuel Pump System Description. 37 1.6.2.3 747-100 Fuel Flow Indication Information . 42 1.6.2.4 TWA Flight 800 Fueling Information . 42 1.6.3 Maintenance Information . 43 1.6.3.1 TWA’s 747 Maintenance Inspection Program . 43 1.6.3.1.1 TWA’s General Inspection Policies . 45 1.6.3.1.2 TWA and Boeing Wiring Inspection Guidance . 46 1.6.3.2 Accident Airplane’s Maintenance Information. 46 1.6.3.2.1 Airworthiness Directives and Service Bulletins Applicable to 747 Fuel Pumps and Related Wiring . 47 1.6.3.2.2 Airworthiness Directives and Service Bulletins Applicable to 747 Structural Inspections . 48 1.6.3.2.3 Maintenance Accomplished Near Fuel Quantity Indication System Wiring in the Accident Airplane. 50 1.6.3.2.4 TWA Flight 800 Predeparture Maintenance Information . 54 1.7 Meteorological Information. 56 1.8 Aids to Navigation . 57 1.9 Communications . 57 1.10 Airport Information . 58 1.11 Flight Recorders. 58 Contents iv Aircraft Accident Report 1.11.1 Cockpit Voice Recorder. 58 1.11.1.1 Sound Spectrum Study . 59 1.11.1.2 Cockpit Voice Recorder-Related Airplane Tests . 60 1.11.2 Flight Data Recorder . 61 1.12 Wreckage Recovery and Documentation Information . 62 1.12.1 Wreckage Recovered from the Red Zone . 69 1.12.2 Wreckage Recovered from the Yellow Zone. 70 1.12.3 Wreckage Recovered from the Green Zone. 71 1.12.4 Engines. 74 1.12.5 Center Wing Fuel Tank Pumps and Other Components . 75 1.12.6 Air Conditioning Equipment . 77 1.12.6.1 Brown Splatter Material on Air Conditioning Ducts . 78 1.12.7 Recovered Electrical Components/Wiring. 79 1.13 Medical and Pathological Information. 84 1.14 Fire/Explosion . 85 1.15 6XUYLYDO$VSH WV 7HVWVDQG5HVHDU K 5DGDU'DWD,QIRUPDWLRQ ,QIRUPDWLRQ5HJDUGLQJ&HUWDLQ3ULPDU\5DGDU7DUJHWV5H RUGHGE\ WKH,VOLS#1HZ<RUN#5DGDU6LWH 7UDMH WRU\DQG0DLQ:UH NDJH)OLJKWSDWK6WXGLHV 7UDMH WRU\6WXG\'HV ULSWLRQDQG5HVXOWV 0DLQ:UH NDJH)OLJKWSDWK6WXG\'HV ULSWLRQDQG5HVXOWV 6HTXHQ LQJ6WXG\,QIRUPDWLRQ 7ZRDQG7KUHH'LPHQVLRQDO5H RQVWUX WLRQV $LUSODQH%UHDNXS6HTXHQ LQJ6WXG\,QIRUPDWLRQ 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