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STUDIES on FERN of LESSER SUNDA ISLANDS I: CHECKLIST of the GENUS Adiantum (PTERIDACEAE)

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STUDIES on FERN of LESSER SUNDA ISLANDS I: CHECKLIST of the GENUS Adiantum (PTERIDACEAE) Jurnal Biodjati 5(1):107-114, May 2020 e-ISSN : 2541-4208 p-ISSN : 2548-1606 http://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/biodjati STUDIES ON FERN OF LESSER SUNDA ISLANDS I: CHECKLIST OF THE GENUS Adiantum (PTERIDACEAE) Wenni Setyo Lestari1*, Bayu Adjie2 Received : November 07, 2019 Abstract. Adiantum or maidenhair fern is one of the largest genera Accepted : April 28, 2020 in Pteridaceae. We survey their species diversity in Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia through the living collection and herbarium ex- DOI: 10.15575/biodjati.v5i1.6365 amination. Seventeen species of Adiantum were recorded. includ- 1Eka Karya Bali Botanic Garden, Re- ing five species that considered as introduced and naturalized spe- search Center for Plant Conservation cies. One species that grows naturally, Adiantum silvaticum, were and Botanic Garden - Indonesian Insti- previously known as endemic to Australia. However, this study re- tute of Sciences, Candikuning, vealed the new distribution of this species on Sumba and Flores. Baturiti, Tabanan, Bali 82191 2 Purwodadi Botanic Garden - Indone- Keywords: Adiantum, maidenhair fern, Lesser Sunda Islands sian Institute of Sciences, Jl. Raya Surabaya - Malang Km. 65, Purwodadi, Pasuruan, Jawa Timur 67163 e-mail: *[email protected] [email protected] *Corresponding author Citation Lestari, W. S. & Adjie, B. (2020). Studies on Fern of Lesser Sunda Islands I: Checklist of the Ge- nus Adiantum (Pteridaceae). Jurnal Biodjati, 5(1), 107-114. INTRODUCTION ted) refers to how water-drops run off the sur- face of the pinnae without wetting them (Holt- Adiantum is a fern genus of Pteridace- tum, 1954). This genus can be recognized by ae in the order of Polypodiales (Smith et al., the polished black leaf stalks and specialized 2006). Known as a maidenhair fern (or suplir reflexed margins of the lamina (false indu- in Indonesia), it consists of about 200 species sia) that covered the sori (Korpelainen et al., or more (Tagawa & Iwatsuki, 1985; Zhang et 2005). Adiantum can be found in many parts al., 2013). This fern mostly used as an orna- of the world, mainly in the tropical and sub- mental plant due to its attractive leaf appear- tropical regions (Hoshizaki & Moran, 2002; ance. Some species were reported used as a Korpelainen et al., 2005). Based on herbari- vegetable or ethnomedicinally due to its phy- um deposited in Herbarium Bogoriense (BO), tochemicals compound and biological activi- the genus is found widely distributed on the ties, for example, Adiantum capillus-veneris, island of Indonesia including southeastern A. flabellulatum, A. pedatum and A. venustum archipelago known as Lesser Sunda Islands (Afriastini, 2003; Brahmachari et al., 2003). (LSI). The main Lesser Sunda Islands found The botanical name Adiantum (unwet- from west to east are in Bali, Lombok, Sum- Jurnal Biodjati 5(1):107-114, May 2020 http://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/biodjati bawa, Flores, Sumba, Timor, Alor archipela- Lesser Sunda Islands. Botanical exploration go, Barat Daya Islands and Tanimbar Islands conducted by Bali Botanic Garden that did a (Figure 1). notable collection for Adiantum was recorded The only study on ferns in this region to start in 1984. This study purposed to review conducted by Posthumus (Posthumus, 1944). diversity and distribution on the genus Adian- He reported 11 species of Adiantum from the tum after more than seven decades. Figure 1. Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia (Source: Wikipedia, n.d.) MATERIALS AND METHODS RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Materials examined were Bali Botanic Posthumus (1944) reported 11 species Garden’s living collection originated from of Adiantum found in LSI (Bali, Lombok, Lesser Sunda Islands (Bali, Lombok, Sum- Sumbawa, Timor, Sumba, Flores, Wetar and bawa, Timor, Sumba, Flores) that collected Alor Island) (Table 1.). An examination from in 1984 up to 2013, compared with herbari- the Bali Botanic Garden living collection of um specimen stored at Herbarium Bogoriense Adiantum also found 11 species originated (BO) and Herbarium Bali Botanic Garden from Lesser Sunda Islands (Bali, Lombok, (THBB). Identification of the specimens was Sumbawa, Timor, Sumba, Flores). Unfor- referred to some literature (Holttum, 1968; tunately, there is no collection record from Knapp, 2011; Matsumoto et al., 2008; Posthu- Wetar and Alor. mus, 1944; Tagawa & Iwatsuki, 1985; Zhang No endemics found in the Lesser Sun- et al., 2013). Any distribution and their habitat da Islands. Most of the species have a wide were presented based on Posthumus (1944), distributional range, especially in Asia. Five Zhang et al. (2013) and herbarium records. species of Adiantum were recognized as the common species and also mentioned in the previous study by Posthumus (1944), i. e. Ad- iantum caudatum, A. diaphanum, A. edgewor- thii, A. hispidulum and A. philippense. Those species quite easy to find and abundant, how- ever, A. edgeworthii only collected from the high altitude of Timor. Lestari & Adjie 108 Jurnal Biodjati 5(1):107-114, May 2020 http://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/biodjati Table 1. List of Adiantum Species from Lesser Sunda Islands Bali Botanic Posthumus Species Locality Garden Living (1944) Collection Adiantum sp.2 Bali - + A. capillus-veneris L.1 Lombok + - Timor + - Sumba + - A. caudatum L.1 Bali + + Lombok + - Sumbawa + - Flores + - Wetar + - Sumba + - Timor + - A. concinnum Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.2 Bali - + Lombok - + 1 A. cuneatum Langsd. & Fisch. Alor + - A. diaphanum Blume1 Bali + + Lombok + - Flores + - Timor + - 1 A. edgeworthii Hook. Timor + + A. flabellulatumL. 1 Bali + - Sumbawa + - Flores + - A. hispidulum Sw.1 Sumba + + Lombok + + Bali + + Timor + + Flores + - Alor + - 3 A. peruvianum Klotzsch Bali - + A. philippense L.1 Bali + + Lombok + + Wetar + - Sumbawa + - Sumba + - Timor + - Alor + - A. pulchellum Blume1 Sumbawa + - Flores + - 2 A. raddianum C. Presl. Bali - + A. mettenii Kuhn.1 Bali + - Flores + - Timor + - A. tinctum Moore1 Lombok + - Timor + - 2 A. trapeziforme L. Sumbawa - + A. silvaticum Tindale Sumba - + Flores - + 1Native species; 2Introduced and naturalized species; 3Introduced and cultivated species Jurnal Biodjati 5(1):107-114, May 2020 109 Jurnal Biodjati 5(1):107-114, May 2020 http://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/biodjati Adiantum caudatum Linnaeus, Mant. Pl. 308. General Distribution 1771. China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam; Austra- Specimen Examined lia, Pacific Islands (New Zealand, Polynesia) In rocks crevices on lowland area at Tenganan (Zhang et al., 2013). Village, Manggis District, Karangasem Re- gency, Bali WN132 and WN136; terrestrial on Adiantum edgeworthii Hooker, Sp. Fil. 2: 14. slope and roadside of Dawan Village, Dawan 1851. District, Klungkung Regency, Bali WN140; Specimen Examined on limestone rock at Mount Prapat Agung, Mount Mutis Natural Reserve (1600 m asl), North West Bali KK + SS 38; Mount Kela- Fatumnasi Village, Fatumnasi District, Timor takan, Bali R. Maier Sarip 160; Mount Nde- Tengah Selatan Regency, Timor BA742; ki, West Flores Kosterman & Wirawan 156; Timor S. Bloembergen 3534 (Adiantum cau- Soemba Iboet 304; Soembawa Rensch 835. datum var. edgeworthii). Habitat Habitat Occurs in full sun habitat on exposed sand- Occurs in full sun habitat on roadside. stone. General Distribution General Distribution Bhutan, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Ma- Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Indone- laysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Thai- sia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Phil- land, Vietnam (Zhang et al., 2013). ippines, Thailand, Vietnam; throughout Old World Tropics (Zhang et al., 2013). Adiantum hispidulum Swartz in Schrader, J. Bot. 1800: 82. 1802. Adiantum diaphanum Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae Specimen Examined 2: 215. 1828. Giriloka Sub Village (1200 m asl), Pancasari Specimen Examined Village, Sukasada District, Buleleng Regency, Bali Botanic Garden (1250 m asl), Baturiti Bali WN120; Laiwangi Wanggameti Nation- District, Tabanan Regency, Bali WN112; Lake al Park (1300 m asl), Sumba Timur Regency, Buyan (1215 m asl), Sukasada District, Bule- Sumba BA809; near spring, Mount Mutis Nat- leng Regency, Bali WN121; Munduk Pengu- ural Reserve (1665 m asl), Fatumnasi Village, bengan (1060 m asl), Karangasem Regency, Fatumnasi District, Timor Tengah Selatan Bali BA754a; the west slope of Mount Inie Regency, Timor BA706; Lombok Timor Re- Lika Posthumus 3130; along a trail between gency, Lombok WT797; farm area of Junre- Wolu (sea level) and Batu (Mount) Kokan, jo District, Batu City, Java WN144; Gunong southern slope of Manusela Ridge, District Kumapodahu, District Kolaka, Southeast Su- Tehoru, Manusela National Park, C. Seram lawesi J. Wen 10243 and Abdul Kartonegoro. M. Kato, K. Ueda, M. Okamoto, H. Akiyama, Habitat B. Sunarno, U. W. Mahjar 6546; Halmahera, Occurs on exposed slope or roadside. Moluccas Idjan/Mochtar 171; Bali Posthu- General Distribution mus 3667. China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philip- Habitat pines; tropical and subtropical regions : Afri- Occurs in full sun habitat on an exposed stone ca, Asia, Pacific Islands (Zhang et al., 2013). fence, on the rocky slope, road, or riverside. Lestari & Adjie 110 Jurnal Biodjati 5(1):107-114, May 2020 http://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/biodjati Adiantum philippense Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: Adiantum raddianum from Bali grows 1094. 1753. on the same habitat as A. concinnum. This Specimen Examined species is native to the American tropics Padangbulia Village, Buleleng Regency, Bali and becomes the most commonly cultivated WN128; Suranadi Village, Lombok Barat maidenhair in the United States with numer- Regency,
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