DOCSLIB.ORG

Download (1MB)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Download (1MB) A University of Sussex PhD thesis Available online via Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/ This thesis is protected by copyright which belongs to the author. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Please visit Sussex Research Online for more information and further details SOMALI WOMEN AND POLITICAL PARTICIPATION: A CASE STUDY OF DIASPORA IN MINNEAPOLIS AND LONDON HABON ABDULLE DPHIL IN GENDER STUDIES SCHOOL OF LAW, POLITICS & SOCIOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEX August 2016 Declaration I hereby declare that this thesis has not been and will not be, submitted in whole or in part to another University for the award of any other degree. Signature:……………………………………… Abstract This dissertation is research in the area of political engagement as affected by gender and immigrant status. More specifically, the dissertation examines the political participation of Somali diaspora Muslim women in Minneapolis and London. The topic is of particular significance given the increase in essentialist arguments of inner incompatibility between Islam and Western democratic and liberal culture. No research to date has empirically analyzed the political participation of Somali diaspora women in Minneapolis and London. The goal of the study was twofold: to understand similarities and differences in diaspora women from two different sites and to explore how generational differences affect the forms and levels of political participation of the diaspora woman. To capture the similarities and differences of the respondents, I employed a qualitative approach. This method allows accounts from the perspectives of the women themselves to explain the types of participation factors that hinder or engender their involvement. The empirical analysis is built on semi-structured interviews that were conducted with 40 Somali diaspora Muslim women living in Minneapolis and London. Interview themes involved topics such as discrimination at school, downward mobility, political activism both transnational and local, belonging, and identification. Furthermore, personal observations made during political demonstrations and community gatherings were included in the analysis. The study draws broadly from the following theories: postcolonialism, transnationalism, intersectionality, and social capital. The findings from the study suggest that Somali diaspora women participate in the politics of Minneapolis and London and that generation does affect type and form of political engagement. Moreover, my findings argue that immigrant women have public roles in transnational politics. This research will contribute to the literature on immigrant women and political participation by providing further evidence to i explain how generation, locality and religious affiliations impact Somali immigrant women’s political activities in Minneapolis and London. ii Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to the memory of my hooyo Xawo Jamac Kaarshe, a strong and smart woman whom I miss every day. iii Acknowledgements The end of dissertation-writing is described as a release after which life will take a new, and better, course. I cannot agree more to that description. After many years of working on this project I am very eager to get my life back to normal. I owe many people for their contribution during the writing of my dissertation. I would like to express my gratitude to my two supervisors Dr. Ben Fincham and Dr. Laura Morosanu for their invaluable knowledge, guidance, mentoring, critical insights, advice and constant encouragement. Both Ben and Laura have been a true role model for me both as an academic and as a human being. My most sincere thanks. I also would like to thank my examiners Dr. Dominic Pasura and Dr. Naaz Rashid for providing their warmhearted encouragements and insightful comments. I would like to say thank you to my friends, and those who have cheered for my success in this project, for all the support. I am greatly indebted to my best friend Claire Zindler for her support, encouragement, love, and precious critique, and proofreading. I am lucky to have her as a friend. I express my deep gratitude to all the research participants for giving me the opportunity to interview them in order to carry out this study. Finally I would like to give my gratitude to my family without whose love and emotional support the completion of my dissertation would be merely impossible iv Table of Contents List of Tables………………………………………………….……………………….………....xi Chapter 1: Introduction to the Study………………………………………....................................1 Locating the Somali Diaspora Women’s Political Agency and Activism……………….………..5 Placing Gender in Migration Studies…………………………………………...............................8 Comparing Diasporas………………….………………………………………………………....11 Aims of the Study and Research Questions……………………………………...........................15 The Structure of the Thesis………………………………………………………………………19 Chapter 2: Sociopolitical Background of the Somali Diaspora and Literature Review of Diaspora and Immigrant Women’s Political Participations….......................................................23 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………….…...23 Overview of the Social Political History of Somalia -Islam in the Somalia Context………..…..23 Somali Social Organization and Clan Identity………………......………………………………26 Civil War and the Mass Exodus……………………………………………………………........29 Somali Community in Minneapolis……………………………..……………………………….31 Somali Diaspora in London………………………………………………………………...........33 Trends in the Research of the Diaspora and Immigrant Political Integration and Transnationalism 36 Literature on Immigrant Women and Political Participation……………...…………………….38 v Chapter 3: Theoretical Framework………………………………………………………………43 Introduction………….…………………………………………………………………………..43 Postcolonial Feminism………………………………………………..........................................43 Transnational Feminism ………………………………..………………………………………44 Islamic Feminism………….……………………………………….............................................47 Female Religio-Cultural Approach………………………………………………………………49 Intersectionality Theory………………………………………………………………………….53 Social Capital…………………………………………………………………………………….54 Defining Diaspora……………………………………………………………………………….57 Diaspora and the Dangers of Groupism…………………………………………………………60 Diasporas’ Dual Centrality………………………………………………………………………62 The Somali Diaspora……………………………………………………………………………64 Chapter 4: Research Design and Methodology…………………………………………………66 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………..66 Feminist Approach for Diaspora Women Research…………………………………………….67 Selecting the Sites, Community and Gaining Access…………………………………………..69 Accessing Minneapolis…………………………………………………………………………72 Gaining Trust and Acceptability in London: Evoking my Transnational Family………………75 vi Methods, Sampling, and Data Collection………………………………………………………77 Participant Profiles………………………………………………………………………………80 Methodological Considerations for Research with Diaspora Participants………………………86 Interviews……………………………………………………………………………………….89 Data Analysis and Intersectionality Approach………………………………………………….92 Positioning the Research with Intersubjectivity and Reflexivity……………………………….95 Clan: An Uncomfortable Discussion……………………………………………………………97 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………………99 Chapter 5: The Role of Social Capital in Somali Diaspora Women’s Political Participation…102 The Institutionalization of Islam in Britain and the United States……………………………...102 Impact of Religious Institution Involvement on the Political Participation of Ethnic Minorities 104 Religious Institutions’ Role in Immigrant Women’s Political Participation…………………...106 Social Bonding in the Somali Mosques: London Respondents………………………………...107 Mosque as Communal Center: London………………………………………………………...111 Early Struggles with Religious Rights: Minneapolis…………………………………………...114 Social Bonding in the Somali Mosques: Minneapolis Respondents…………………………...118 Mosque Sisters………………………………………………………………………………….120 Somali Community Organizations……………………………………………………………...123 vii Homey Feelings: Women and Community Organizations……………………………………..125 Community Organizations as Civic and Political Education Hubs…………………………….127 Justifying Lack of Civic Skill and Language.…………………………………………………..130 Women’s Networks: Informal Groups Create Political Socialization………………………….132 Conclusions……………………………………………………………………………………..135 Chapter 6: First Generation Respondents’ Political Participation in Minneapolis and London..139 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………..139 Transitioning to Democracy: First Generation…………………………………………………145 Conventional Politics in London……………………………………………………………….148 Unconventional Politics in London: Neighborhood Surveillance Against Police Brutality……152 Politics of Housing: London……………………………………………………………………155 Conventional Politics in Minneapolis: Politicized Community………………………………..160 Culture of Respect by First Generation: Everyone Votes………………………………………164 Unconventional Politics in Minneapolis: Protests……………………………………………...166 Another Type of Unconventional Political Participation in Minneapolis……………………...168 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………...173 Chapter 7: First Generations and Transnational Political
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 2007 Annual Report
    2007 Annual Report Innovating targeted products, services and partnerships around Minnesota. ADC’s mission is to work within African communities in Minnesota to start and sustain successful businesses, build assets, and promote community reinvestment. To our clients, we are “your guide to financial success in America.” Contents Introduction 2 Hussein Samatar: Gaining in influence at home and abroad Programs 3-6 ADC partners with City of Minneapolis to launch alternative financing program Now serving Greater Minnesota ADC launches mortgage company Spotlight: Abdi Duh, Greater Minnesota partner Success Stories 7-13 City Market: opening big Mustaqbal Computer: a growing niche Lucky Fashion: perfect timing Kulan: Getting together Community Hero Abdi Adan Vision 14-15 Bamson Fadipe: Building the ADC brand RT Rybak: Famous in Freetown Financials 16-17 Board & Staff 18-19 Partners & Funders 20 Gaining in influence, at home and abroad by Hussein Samatar, ADC Executive Director Introduction From Hamburg, Germany, to Hutchinson in Central Minnesota, ADC covered a lot of territory in 2007. Traveling on a Marshall Memorial Fellowship, I visited Hamburg, Paris, Rome, Belgrade, Brussels to observe the conditions of African immigrants and refugees in these European capitals and share the strategies that have succeeded in catalyzing upward mobility among the Twin Cities’ own African population. In summer, I and ADC outreach coordinator Nimo Farah accompanied Minneapolis City Council Member Robert Lilligren to Sweden and Norway, where we presented our local success stories to civic leaders helping Somali refugees in Northern Europe. In May, I addressed the need for new financing products tailored to observant Muslims at a workshop sponsored by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) and hosted by the Minnesota Bankers Association.
    [Show full text]
  • ANOTHER DAY, ANOTHER JANAZAH: an Investigation Into Violence, Homicide and Somali-Canadian Youth in Ontario
    ANOTHER DAY, ANOTHER JANAZAH: An Investigation into Violence, Homicide and Somali-Canadian Youth in Ontario April 25th, 2018 Dedicated to the memory of: Ali Mohamud Ali Son, brother and friend. Contents Preface . 2 About Youth LEAPS . 3 Acknowledgements . 3 Executive Summary . 4 Introduction: The Somali Youth Research Initiative . 6 Methodology: Collecting and Analyzing Data on Somali Youth Homicides . 8 Demographic Data Collection . 9 Literature Review . 9 Focus Group Discussions . 9 Survey . 10 JANAZAH: ANOTHER DAY, ANOTHER The Homicide Data Base . 11 Limitations . 12 Demographic Profile: Legacy of Precarity . 14 Literature Review: Mapping Out Youth Violence . 17 Key Findings . 20 Toronto Homicide Victims . 20 Homicide Victim Profile . 23 Personal belonging and Connection to violence . 26 in Ontario Youth Homicide and Somali-Canadian Violence, into An Investigation Call to Action: Sharpening the Focus . 30 Recommendations . 32 References . 34 Tables . 36 Table 1 . Homicide Incidence Rate (annual)-Toronto . 36 Table 2 . Disproportionality index-Somali Homicides in Toronto . 37 Table 3 . Homicide Database N=40 (Toronto) . 37 Table 4: Perception of safety post-violent crime . 38 Table 5: Perceptions and Experiences of Violence Among Somali youth in Ontario . 39 Table 6: Somali community leadership impact on violence prevention . 40 Table 7: Institutional impact on homicide reduction (ranked) . 40 Table 8: Stakeholder responsibility in reducing youth violence (ranked) . 40 Table 9: Prioritizing youth community engagement (ranked) . 41 Table 10: Community level of responsibility around violence prevention and reduction . 41 Table 11 . Socio-demographic characteristics of participants citing ‘homicides’ in experiences of violence . 42 Preface Phone rings. Liban: Hey, what’s up? How are you? Friend: Not much .
    [Show full text]
  • Skier Asks for Inclusive Timing Ilhan Omar's Road to Washington
    2018 Holiday Events Guide PAGE B4 November 15–28, 2018 Vol. 29, No. 23 southwestjournal.com A history-The color barrier is broken on the making county board, and a refugee is going to election Congress By Dylan Thomas / [email protected] Voters had a chance to elect a person of color to the Hennepin County Board for the first time ever on Election Day. They elected two. History was also made in the state’s 5th Congressional District, which includes Minneapolis, where voters for the first time elected a refugee to represent them in Washington, D.C. And after spirited challenges to the county’s top two law enforcement officials, Hennepin County voters narrowly elected a new sheriff. Those changes at the local level came as DFLers swept races for governor and the state’s other constitutional offices and a surge of support for Democratic candidates nationwide gave that party control of the U.S. House of Representatives, even as Republicans gained seats in the Senate. Minnesota’s state Legislature will be similarly split along party lines, with DFLers taking the state House from Republicans, who maintained a narrow state Senate majority. SEE ELECTION RESULTS / PAGE A14 Ilhan Omar is one of the first two Muslim women elected to Congress. Photo courtesy Ilhan Omar for Congress Ilhan Omar’s road Skier asks for to Washington inclusive timing Fulton resident wants state high school league By Michelle Bruch / [email protected] to account for disabilities in races “Here in Minnesota, we don’t only welcome Roots immigrants, we send them to Washington,” said When Omar’s mother was born in Somalia, Congresswoman-elect Ilhan Omar, closing her neighbors came to give condolences.
    [Show full text]
  • The Case of Somalia (1960-2001)
    UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) State collapse and post-conflict development in Africa : the case of Somalia (1960-2001) Mohamoud, A. Publication date 2002 Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Mohamoud, A. (2002). State collapse and post-conflict development in Africa : the case of Somalia (1960-2001). Thela Thesis. General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:28 Sep 2021 Chapterr four Thee Pitfalls of Colonialism and Public Pursuit 4.1.. Introduction Thiss chapter traces how the change brought about by the colonial imposition led to the primacyy of the public pursuit in Somali politics over a century. The colonial occupation of Somaliaa not only transformed the political economy of Somali society as transformationists emphasizee but also split the Somali people and their territories.74 Therefore, as I will argue in thiss study, the multiple partitioning of the country is one of the key determinants that fundamentallyy account for the destructive turn of events in Somalia at present.
    [Show full text]
  • Electronic Communication and an Oral Culture: the Dynamics of Somali Websites and Mailing Lists
    ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION AND AN ORAL CULTURE: THE DYNAMICS OF SOMALI WEBSITES AND MAILING LISTS BY ABDISALAM M. ISSA-SALWE A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF THAMES VALLEY UNIVERSITY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY CENTRE FOR INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SCHOOL OF COMPUTING AND TECHNOLOGY THAMES VALLEY UNIVERSITY SUPERVISORS: DR. ANTHONY OLDEN, THAMES VALLEY UNIVERSITY EMERITUS PROFESSOR I M LEWIS, LSE, UNIVERSITY OF LONDON EXAMINERS: PROFESSOR CHRISTINE MCCOURT, THAMES VALLEY UNIVERSITY DR. MARTIN ORWIN, SOAS, UNIVERSITY OF LONDON NOVEMBER 2006 TO MY WIFE HAWO, MY CHILDREN MOHAMED-NASIR, MOHAMUD, ALI, HAFSA-YALAH, HAMDA, SHARMARKE AND YUSUF-HANAD ACKNOWLEDGMENT Foremost, I would like to thank to the Council for Assisting Refugee Academics (CARA) who helped in funding my studies. I would like to thank my thesis advisors, Dr. Tony Olden (Thames Valley University) and Emeritus Professor I M Lewis (London School of Economics) for their continuous encouragement, optimism and confidence in me to make it possible to write this dissertation. Both Dr. Olden and Emeritus Professor Lewis put an enormous amount of time and effort into supervision. Likewise, this study has been enhanced through the incisive comments of Dr Stephen Roberts (Thames Valley University). I also appreciate the advice of Dr Mohamed D. Afrax and Abdullahi Salah Osman who read and commented on the manuscript of this dissertation. I am also thankful to Ahmed Mohamud H Jama (Nero) who allowed me to have useful material relevant to my research; Dr. Ebyan Salah who solicited female correspondents to reply to the research questionnaires. I am also grateful to Said Mohamed Ali (Korsiyagaab) and Ismail Said Aw-Muse (PuntlandState.com) who gave me permission to use their websites statistics.
    [Show full text]
  • Somali Children and Youth's Experiences in Educational Spaces in North America: Reconstructing Identities and Negotiating the Past in the Present
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Scholarship@Western Western University Scholarship@Western Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository 12-5-2012 12:00 AM Somali Children and Youth's Experiences in Educational Spaces in North America: Reconstructing Identities and Negotiating the Past in the Present Melissa Stachel The University of Western Ontario Supervisor Dr. Randa Farah The University of Western Ontario Graduate Program in Anthropology A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree in Doctor of Philosophy © Melissa Stachel 2012 Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd Part of the Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Stachel, Melissa, "Somali Children and Youth's Experiences in Educational Spaces in North America: Reconstructing Identities and Negotiating the Past in the Present" (2012). Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository. 983. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/983 This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Western. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Western. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SOMALI CHILDREN AND YOUTH’S EXPERIENCES IN EDUCATIONAL SPACES IN NORTH AMERICA: RECONSTRUCTING IDENTITIES AND NEGOTIATING THE PAST IN THE PRESENT (Spine title: Somali Children and Youth’s Experiences in North America) (Thesis format: Monograph) by Melissa Stachel Graduate Program in Anthropology Collaborative Program in Migration and Ethnic Relations A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies The University of Western Ontario London, Ontario, Canada © Melissa Stachel 2012 THE UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO SCHOOL OF GRADUATE AND POSTDOCTORAL STUDIES CERTIFICATE OF EXAMINATION Supervisor Examiners ______________________________ ______________________________ Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Locating the Contributions of the African Diaspora in the Canadian Co-Operative Sector
    International Journal of CO-OPERATIVE ACCOUNTING AND MANAGEMENT, 2020 VOLUME 3, ISSUE 3 DOI: 10.36830/IJCAM.202014 Locating the Contributions of the African Diaspora in the Canadian Co-operative Sector Caroline Shenaz Hossein, Associate Professor of Business & Society, York University, Canada Abstract: Despite Canada’s legacy of co-operativism, Eurocentrism dominates thinking in the Canadian co- op movement. This has resulted in the exclusion of racialized Canadians. Building on Jessica Gordon Nembhard’s (2014) exposure of the historical fact of African Americans’ alienation from their own cooperativism as well as the mainstream coop movement, I argue that Canadian co-operative studies are limited in their scope and fail to include the contributions of Black, Indigenous, and people of colour (BIPOC). I also argue that the discourses of the Anglo and Francophone experiences dominate the literature, with mainly white people narrating the Indigenous experience. Finally, I hold that the definition of co-operatives that we use in Canada should include informal as well as formal co-operatives. Guyanese economist C.Y. Thomas’ (1974) work has influenced how Canadians engage in co-operative community economies. However, the preoccupation with formally registered co-operatives excludes many BIPOC Canadians. By only recounting stories about how Black people have failed to make co-operatives “successful” financially, the Canadian Movement has missed many stories of informal co-operatives that have been effective in what they set out to do. Expanding what we mean by co-operatives for the Canadian context will better capture the impact of co-operatives among BIPOC Canadians. Caroline Shenaz Hossein is Associate Professor of Business & Society in the Department of Social Science at York University in Toronto, Canada.
    [Show full text]
  • Interview with the Late Abdullahi Qarshe (1994) at the Residence of Obliqe Carton in Djibouti
    Interview with the late Abdullahi Qarshe (1994) at the Residence of Obliqe Carton in Djibouti Mohamed-Rashid Sheikh Hassan mrsh: Let us start with the basics. When and where were you born? aq: I was born in Moshe, Tanzania, in 1924. mrsh: People know you as Abdullahi Qarshe, but what is your real name? aq: Oh, yes, that is true. My real name is Mahmud Muhammad, and Qarshe was the nickname of my father. He was a businessman and trader in the livestock business in East Africa. He was regarded as a frugal man and was fortunate in business. We were five brothers and one sister. We lived in a big house on the outskirts of Moshe. mrsh: Tell us more about the background of your family and the rea- son your father moved to Tanzania. aq: My father emigrated from Sanaag region in what was at that time called British Somaliland. In those days, emigration (tacabbir) was pop- ular. Men used to travel for work and a better life, but it was not an easy task. Those who emigrated to East Africa, my father included, went through southern Somalia first of all, then proceeded to Tanza- nia. They had to travel by road or foot through harsh and unfriendly territories. Some of the migrants died along the way, and my father was one of the fortunate who survived. In the Sanaag region, my father’s family lived in the Maydh district. They were involved in the fish industry and the exportation of live- stock and animal hides, as well as timber, to the Gulf countries.
    [Show full text]
  • UCLA Ufahamu: a Journal of African Studies
    UCLA Ufahamu: A Journal of African Studies Title The Emergence and Role of Political Parties in the Inter-River Region of Somalia from 1947-1960 Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7h11k656 Journal Ufahamu: A Journal of African Studies, 17(2) ISSN 0041-5715 Author Mukhtar, Mohammed Haji Publication Date 1989 DOI 10.5070/F7172016882 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California The Emergence and Role of Political Parties in the Inter­ River Region of Somalia From 1947 to 1960 (Independence) by Mohamed H. Mukhw Somalia has enjoyed a unique role in the history of African nationalism. As the only country in Africa whose population is vinually homogeneous, most speak a common language, all are Muslims and claim to be relaled to a common (or several common) distant ancestors. One might therefore expect thai its independence movement would have been more unified than those ofother African territories where tribal and regional differences came to be reflected in political party groupings after World War Il. Also Somalia was the only country to be partitioned seveml times: once at the end of the 19th century during the scramble for Africa and again in the 1940's following the break-up of the lIalian East African Empire. This would seem to have been another factor that unified Somalis in a sense ofcommon nationalism. However, the drive for Somali independence gave rise to not just one but several political parties. Were these panies based on regional or "tribal" differences of a particular Somali son? Did they have differtnt views ofSomali nationalism and self-government? These questions are difficuh to answer, not only because source materials are limited but also because one Somali party, the Somali Youth League (SYL), came to dominate the political scene in the 1950's and was the majority party at the time of Somali independence in 1960.
    [Show full text]
  • Tahir, Abdifatah I.Pdf
    A University of Sussex PhD thesis Available online via Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/ This thesis is protected by copyright which belongs to the author. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Please visit Sussex Research Online for more information and further details URBAN GOVERNANCE, LAND CONFLICTS AND SEGREGATION IN HARGEISA, SOMALILAND: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES AND CONTEMPORARY DYNAMICS ABDIFATAH I TAHIR This thesis is submitted to the Department of Geography, School of Global Studies, University of Sussex, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) OCTOBER 1, 2016 DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY SCHOOL OF GLOBAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEX 1 | Page ORIGINALITY STATEMENT I hereby declare that this thesis has not been and will not be submitted in whole or in part to another University for the award of any other degree. Signature 2 | Page I. ABSTRACT This thesis offers an explanation for why urban settlement in Somaliland’s capital city of Hargeisa is segregated along clan lines. The topic of urban segregation has been neglected in both classic Somali studies, and recent studies of post-war state-building and governance in Somaliland. Such negligence of urban governance in debates over state-making stems from a predominant focus on national and regional levels, which overlooks the institutions governing cities.
    [Show full text]
  • Rethinking the Somali State
    Rethinking the Somali State MPP Professional Paper In Partial Fulfillment of the Master of Public Policy Degree Requirements The Hubert H. Humphrey School of Public Affairs The University of Minnesota Aman H.D. Obsiye May 2017 Signature below of Paper Supervisor certifies successful completion of oral presentation and completion of final written version: _________________________________ ____________________ ___________________ Dr. Mary Curtin, Diplomat in Residence Date, oral presentation Date, paper completion Paper Supervisor ________________________________________ ___________________ Steven Andreasen, Lecturer Date Second Committee Member Signature of Second Committee Member, certifying successful completion of professional paper Table of Contents Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 3 Methodology .......................................................................................................................... 5 The Somali Clan System .......................................................................................................... 6 The Colonial Era ..................................................................................................................... 9 British Somaliland Protectorate ................................................................................................. 9 Somalia Italiana and the United Nations Trusteeship .............................................................. 14 Colonial
    [Show full text]
  • SOMALI DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC Document Date: 1981
    Date Printed: 01/15/2009 JTS Box Number: IFES 30 Tab Number: 1 Document Title: CONSTITUTIONS OF THE COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD: SOMALI DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC Document Date: 1981 Document Country: SOM Documen t Language: ENG IFES 10: CON00170 44-II~ I~ 433I~II ~II ~/SOM /lq<il JOOI /0-'j . " SOMALIA . • CONSTITUTIONS OF THE COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD Editors ALBERT P. BLAUSTEIN & GISBERT 1-1. FLANZ SOMALI DEMOCRATIC • REPUBLIC by MARTIN R. GANZGLASS Issued November 1981 • Oceana Publications. Inc. Dobbs Ferry. New York 5 0 MAL I D E Moe RAT I C REP U B LIe The Somali Democratic Republic (Somalia) is a "union" of two former colonies. The Northern Region CONTENTS comprises the former British territory known as the Somali land Protectorate. The Southern Region com­ • prises the former Italian Sornaliland which, after World War II, became a United Nations Trust Terri­ tory. CONSTITUTIONAL CHRONOLOGY Till': CONSTITUTION 1889 Following treaties with local Sultans, Britain proclaimed the Sornaliland ,INNOT,I'I'FIl BIBLIOGRAPHY Protectorate over the Northern Regions of Hargeisa and Burao. This became ~<the Northern Region of what is now Somalla. The Protectorate also included the Baud which became part of Ethiopia in 1955. The Protectorate, located at the southern end of the Red Sea, was on the direct route from England to India via the Suez Canal. 1894 Tripartite Accord was reached by Great' Britain, Italy and Ethiopia over other Somali territories. Italian control was established over an area on the Indian Ocean to a point south of Mogadishu. • This became Italian Somaliland and the Southern Regions of what is now Somalia.
    [Show full text]