ASIAN LANGUAGES

the community had heard or told any story in the new last four decades. Accompanied by maps, charts, LINCOM Studies photographs and vocabulary used in stories and songs. Vol. 08 in Chinese Linguistics ISBN 978 3 89586 007 2. Languages of the World/Text Collections 27. 75pp plus CD. USD 61.70 / EUR 50.20 / GBP 41.70. 2010/IV. Phonetic Ambiguity in the Chinese Script A Grammar of Classical A Palaeographical & Phonological Analysis Japanese

CHRIS BUTTON NORIKO KATSUKI-PESTEMER SOAS, University of London University of Trier

Rejections of ideographic 會意 Huiyi graphs, whose composition belies membership of the The book is intended both for learners of 形聲 Xingsheng category of phonetic compounds and the 象形 Xiangxing category of Classical Japanese and for linguists with or without knowledge of the Japanese language. pictographs that form their phonetic base, may be questioned on the basis that Xiangxing Systematic descriptions clarify the morphological and Huiyi cannot be clearly distinguished in the earliest inscriptions. However, once these agglutination of lexical items, which is one of the original Huiyi graphs have become firmly entrenched as Xiangxing graphs and viable salient features of Japanese. Grammatical entities for the production of Xingsheng graphs, it does seem unlikely that new graphs characteristics are explained with a wealth of would be created irrespective of their pronunciation. The reasonable premise, that Chinese examples from well-known works of the classical writing essentially consists of Xiangxing graphs with their Xingsheng derivatives, means Japanese literature. The monograph also that the issue is not whether Huiyi is a viable distinction but rather whether explanations via compares Classical Japanese to Modern Standard polyphony are viable alternatives. A role for polyphony in the Chinese script is without Japanese and shows diachronic changes which have taken place. It illuminates the adaptation doubt, yet any notion that polyphony was a fundamental driving force in the creation and process which takes place when foreign elements development of the script differs fundamentally from these sporadic cases of graphic are absorbed into Japanese: the way they are convergence or synonymic interchange. selected and filtered and the devices employed to More thorough palaeographical analyses, combined with more sophisticated incorporate them without destroying the reconstructions of Old Chinese, vindicate suggestions that Huiyi is an artificial distinction backbone, in other words the syntax, of the without requiring any recourse to polyphony. language. The volume is clearly structured and contains seven chapters: 1. Introduction; 2. ISBN 978 3 89586 632 6. LINCOM Studies in Chinese Linguistics 08. 111pp. USD 54.40 / EUR Phonetics and Phonology; 3. Morphosyntax; 4. Word Class Descriptions; 5. Honoratives; 6. 44.20 / GBP 37.60. 2010. Rhetoric; 7. Conclusions. Noriko Katsuki-Pestemer is Lecturer in language, some examples of the word-for-word Modern Japanese, Classical Japanese, and A Hmao (Hua Miao) translations which accompany each entry in the Japanese Linguistics at the University of Trier. original are given, and some samples of the She has published many books. Her latest Songs, Stories and special Pollard script invented for the language. publications are: Grundstudium Japanisch 1 This is a unique corpus of imaginative folklore (2004), 2nd new ed.; Grundstudium Japanisch 2 Legends from China and linguistic materials and marks a considerable (2005), 2nd new ed.; Kanji-Arbeitsheft 1 (2005), contribution towards world mythology. Kanji-Arbeitsheft 2 (2005); Kanji-Arbeitsheft 3 NICHOLAS TAPP & MARK PFEIFER (2006); Japanese Postpositions: Theory and (eds.) ISBN 978 3 929075 70 0 (Hardbound). Practice (2008), 2nd ed. LINCOM Text Collections 02. 600pp. USD Australian National University, Hmong 184.80 / EUR 150.20 / GBP 127.70. 2009. ISBN 978 3 929075 68 7. LINCOM Studies in Resource Center in Minnesota Japanese Linguistics 03. 312pp. USD 93.80 / EUR 76.20 / GBP 64.80. 2009. These wonderful materials come from the A An Island of Stories Hmao people of Southwest China, a Miao people related to the Hmong. Their language is a unique and Songs one and this book represents a fair selection of Classifying the their whole corpus of oral legends - songs and Folk Tales and Songs from the Austroasiatic folk tales about the origins of the world, their Great Andaman oppression by the Chinese, their flight and languages: history and exodus, their relations with landlords, together NVITA BBI with stories of their social customs, lovesongs A A state of the art and animal fables. Before the Chinese revolution Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi of 1949 the Parsons brothers, who collected and Max Planck Institute of Evolutionary PAUL SIDWELL translated these materials, worked with the A Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany Australian National University Hmao as Christian pastors. Before leaving China they had asked the A Hmao to write down their A rare book of folk tales and songs from the entire oral corpus in the special form of writing Great Andamanese language family which has no The Austroasiatic language phylum spans the invented by missionaries for their hitherto oral more than five speakers at present. This is the breadth of South and Southeast Asia, with more than 150 languages over a dozen branches. Some language. After China opened up in 1978 more of first time that a researcher has collected folk tales are spoken by villages of just a few dozen people, these materials were sent to the Parsons brothers, and songs from the fluent speakers of the for all through the years of socialism the A Hmao while others have millions of speakers such as the languages of this family. Most of the narrators national languages Cambodian and Vietnamese. had faithfully recorded their entire corpus. and singers who rendered the material for this There are four sections – the ‘Beginnings’, Historically much of the Austroasiatic region has dealing with Creation and the Flood, ‘History’, book are no longer alive. The tales are unique in been divided and overlain by unrelated language dealing with early leaders, clashes with the their content and style and present a world-view families, creating a vast zone of ethnolinguistic Chinese, and the loss of the homeland, ‘Social of one of the most ancient civilizations of the contact and diversity. This creates a special Life’, covering shamanism, marriage and other world. The accompanying CD-Rom contains imperative for us to turn to comparative customs, and ‘Narratives’ (fantastic stories about audio and video recordings of songs, including linguistics to solves great issues of regional orphans, tigers, and many animal fables). Each those from Boa Sr., the last speaker of the Bo (pre)history that other disciplines cannot address. legend has a brief introduction by the Parsons language. The English translation of songs is Yet, despite more than a century of brothers followed by their free translation. given in the book. The book also contains a long comparative Austroasiatic studies, scholars have yet to present an explicitly justified internal This selection has been put together from the chapter on the methodology and process used for entire mass of the collection by Nicholas Tapp, a genetic classification of the phylum upon which elicitation of stories. This will familiarize the specialists can agree. The text is divided into two Professor of Anthropology at the Australian readers with the environment, the context in National University, and Mark Pfeifer, former main parts; the first charts the emergence of the which the elicitation was done as well as with the Head of the Hmong Resource Center in Austroasiatic hypothesis and its various guises, Minnesota. To show the uniqueness of the frame of mind of the narrator. It was challenging and reviews much of the literature which has to elicit stories in a dying language as no one in addressed how constituent branches may (or may

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not) relate to each other, while the second part other language. It covers all major aspects of the 9 A Historical Corpus-Based Approach to looks at each branch in detail, examining the phonology, morphology, and syntax of the Korean Logophor Caki, Sun-Hee Lee and Yelee- history of scholarship and summarizing the state Central dialect of Crimean Tatar, and it also An of the art. Many relevant maps and diagrams are mentions the unique features of the Northern and 10 The Syntax of Inchoativity- -eci, event reproduced, including some colour plates. Southern dialects where possible. Three texts in structure, and scalarity, Dongsik Lim and Maria- Central, Northern, and Southern Crimean Tatar Luisa Zubizarreta ISBN 978 3 929075 67 0 (Hardbound). with interlinear glosses and English translation 11 Korean –cocha ‘even’ and Japanese –sae LINCOM Studies in Asian Linguistics 76. are included. ‘even’, Eun-Hae Park 175pp. USD 151.20 / EUR 112.00 / GBP 12 Licensing Double Nominative Constructions 106.40. 2009. ISBN 978 3 89586 690 6. Languages of the in Korean, Jisung Sun World/Materials 477. 200pp. USD 70.50 / 13 Upstep and Constituent Length in Daegu EUR 57.30 / GBP 48.70. 2009. Korean: A Preliminary Report, Akira Utsugi and A Semiotactic Hyejin Jang 14 Constraints on Double-Accusative External Approach to Modern Possession Constructions in Korean: A Cognitive Kui approach, Jaehoon Yeon Japanese MIKHAIL S. ANDRONOV ISBN 978 3 89586 592 3 (Hardcover). HETTY GEERDINK-VERKOREN LINCOM Studies in Asian Linguistics 77. Leiden University Kui is a nonliterary tribal language spoken by 300pp. USD 172.50 / EUR 140.20 / GBP more than six hundred thousand people in the 119.20. 2010. This book is a rewritten version of the PhD thesis valley of the river Mahanadi in the Indian state of with the same title, presented in May 2008 at Leiden University. In this work the syntax and Orissa and in some areas of the neighboring semantics of Modern Japanese are analyzed while Andhra Pradesh state. Most Kui speakers are Turkish - Azerbaijani applying the semiotactic theory of C.L. Ebeling. hunters, fishermen and collectors. Some of them, In the first chapter of this work a brief summary however, practise agriculture and some work as Dictionary of Interlingual is given of Ebeling’s theory and methodology, plantation labourers in Assam and West Bengal. Homonyms and Paronyms followed by a summary of the basic The Kui language belongs to the northern characteristics of the Japanese language. In the group of the Dravidian language family. Its next chapter various issues that came up when speakers call themselves kui (i.e. ‘highlanders’), VÜGAR SULTANZADE applying this theory to Japanese are discussed while their neighbors call them kondho. Many of Mediterranean University in North Cyprus and Japanese adjectives and adverbs are analyzed. the Kui people are bilingual, their second The following chapters are devoted to language being Oriya. This fact accounts for the analyzing the particles, classifying them by their strong Oriya influence on Kui. In the past some Edited by Javanshir Shibliyev functions. In the last three chapters various verbal Kui primers were published in the Roman and and nominal constructions are described, such as Oriya script, but they didn’t become popular, and Although mutual intelligibility between Turkish the passive, potential and causative, as well as the language is still unwritten. The present book and Azerbaijani is extremely high, it is possible verb combinations with the -te form, including -te contains a sketch of Kui phonetics and to observe differences in the use of homonymous iru and -te aru, and nominalizations with koto morphology (written in Russian). words. Interlingual homonyms are words and and no. Finally, one complete literary text, a short idioms which are identical in form but different in story by Natsume Soseki, is analyzed. The ISBN 978 3 89586 596 1. LINCOM Language meaning. Interlingual paronyms are like semiotactic analyses in this book clearly Research 07. 29pp. USD 47.40 / EUR 38.50 / homonyms. They are etymologically related demonstrate that there are no indirect objects in GBP 32.70. 2009. words, which have slight differences in form and Japanese, that the traditional definitions for have different meanings. Interlingual homonyms transitivity do not apply, and that all noun phrases and paronyms are thought to be the most marked by nominative ga should be analyzed as problematic words for translators, they are often subjects, even when there are two or more Selected Papers of the 2nd named “translator’s false friends”. particles ga in one sentence. European Conference on As the issue of such words between Turkish and Azerbaijani has not been subjected to ISBN 978 3 89586 533 6. LINCOM Studies in Korean Linguistics comprehensive investigations, the aim of this Japanese Linguistics 04. 350pp. USD 98.70 / dictionary is to fill this gap and present EUR 80.20 / GBP 68.20. 2009. JIEUN KIAER, University of Oxford challenging material for the study of diachronic & JAEHOON YEON, SOAS (eds.) and interference problems between Oghuz languages. Crimean Tatar The contributors for “the Proceeding of the 2nd The book consists of the preface, the European Conference on Korean Linguistics dictionary part and appendixes. Preface focuses (ECKL)” discuss various aspects of Korean on the main reasons that interlingual homonyms DARYA KAVITSKAYA Linguistics, including historical linguistics, and paronyms emerge. In the dictionary part, a Yale Uiniversity syntax, semantics, morphology, phonology, large number of interlingual homonyms and phonetics, psycholinguistics, corpus linguistics paronyms have been subjected to comprehensive Crimean Tatar is a Turkic language of the West and language teaching. All the papers were analysis. Appendix I contains the list of verbs Kipchak subgroup, spoken mainly in Ukraine’s presented at the 2ND ECKL, held in the School of which have one and the same meaning but Crimean peninsula and in Uzbekistan, as well as Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), London in different argument structures in Turkish and in small communities in Russia, Bulgaria, 2008. Jaehoon Yeon is Reader in Korean Azerbaijani. Appendix II provides index of Romania, and Turkey. Crimean Tatar consists of language at SOAS and Jieun Kiaer is a University interlingual homonyms and paronyms. three major dialects: the Central dialect is Lecturer at the University of Oxford. The dictionary can serve as a valuable source currently used as the standard variety while the for linguists who are interested in Turkic Northern and Southern dialects are endangered. Contents: languages, both synchronically and The vowel system of standard Crimean Tatar 1 Two Types of Denominal Predicates in Korean diachronically. distinguishes eight vowel phonemes. Crimean and Theories of Morphology-Syntax Interface, Tatar has backness and rounding harmony, as is James Hye-Suk Yoon ISBN 978 3 89586 678 4. LINCOM Studies in the case in many Turkic languages (most notably, 2 Use of Referent Honorific Lexical Substitutions Asian Linguistics 75. 184pp. USD 75.30 / Turkish). However, rounding harmony is quite by Korean University Students, Lucien Brown EUR 61.20 / GBP 52.00. 2009. different from other Turkic languages, being 3 From the acoustics to the phonology of the licensed only by the first two syllables of the accentual phrase in Korean read speech: Tonal word. patterns and boundary, Hyongsil Cho The Japanese Aspectual The inflectional morphology of Crimean Tatar 4 L2 acquisition of polarity items: the case of Construction -TE I- (-TE – is exclusively suffixing, and derivational Korean-English interlanguage, Kook-Hee Gill morphology makes use of both suffixation and Heather Marsden IRU) compounding. Syntactically, Crimean Tatar uses 5 Difficulties encountered in the construction of a A Context-Free/Context- the usual Turkic patterns; however, the word Korean bilingual dictionary and their - the case order is not strictly SOV, possibly reflecting of the New Korean-French Dictionary, Guillaume Sensitive Approach Russian influence. Complex sentences are formed Jeanmaire through the coordination of clauses with or 6 A Phonetic Study on Phrasing in Seoul Korean, BENJAMIN M. ROSENTHAL without conjunctions. Fully embedded clauses are Hae-Sung Jeon formed with non-finite verb forms such as 7 A Classification of Korean Support Verbs, The Japanese auxiliary construction -te i- (-te iru) participles and converbs. Mihwa JO has long attracted attention from linguists due to This book contains the first full description of 8 Multiple –ka Construction and Performance- its unusual array of aspectual interpretations. It Crimean Tatar to appear in English or in any Grammar Correspondence, Jieun Kiaer corresponds in some instances to the English

44 ♦ LINCOM EUROPA• project line 20 • 2010 ASIAN LANGUAGES

“progressive” construction (e.g. be eating), in wake da and no da are interchangeable. Although of Levin & Rappaport Hovav’s work (particularly some instances to the English “perfect” it may often be grammatically acceptable to Levin 1999 and Rappaport Hovav & Levin 1998). construction (e.g. have eaten), and in some substitute one for the other in an isolated On this account, the complex thematic relations instances to neither (e.g. know, be open). A sentence, one is more or less suitable than the expressed by RVCs result from different number of attempts have been made to find a other in each particular context. interactions of the individual thematic relation unitary meaning that would tie the various Furthermore, summary expressions such as expressed by each component of the compound interpretations of -te i- together, but none have hit ‘explanatory modal auxiliaries’ or ‘asking or and the composite thematic relation expressed by the mark. giving explanations’ are found not to be sufficient the whole compound, and from the different ways Utilizing data from actual conversation (the to describe the discourse functions of these two of realizing the Causer and the Causee. original natural habitat of language), this modal auxiliaries. The information expressed by Second, the book places the study of monograph provides an analysis of -te i- that is at a sentence involving wake da or no da (including Mandarin RVCs in a larger context and examines once context- free and context-sensitive, their variants) is far more than merely four aspects of Mandarin RVCs from a articulating a meaning that is shared by all explanation. It involves the writer’s attitude crosslinguistic perspective, namely the subject- instances of -te i- but also respects how any towards the information conveyed in the oriented reading (when the causing predicate is instance is situated in a context. It is proposed proposition; the nature of the information, and the unergative or transitive), the “scare reading,” the that -te i- invokes non-punctuality, a quality of way the sentences involving the auxiliaries occurrence in the inchoative frame of a causative not being confined to a single point in time. The related to the rest of the text. alternation, and the use of a stative causing notion of non-punctuality is used as a frame of predicate. It shows that all these phenomena are reference to analyze the related auxiliary ISBN 978 3 89586 296 0. LINCOM Studies in crosslinguistically marked and thus typologically construction -te ari- (-te aru), explain the use of - Japanese Linguistics 01. 260pp. USD 95.30 / significant. It argues that the differences among te inai (a negative non-past form of -te i-) in polar EUR 77.50 / GBP 65.90. 2008. English, French, German, Japanese, Korean, opposition to the past affix -ta, deconstruct the Mandarin, Romanian, and Swedish with respect preoccupation in much of the literature on -te i- to the first three phenomena fall out of the with the “progressive” and “resultative” Model Letters in Late difference in the way the resultative is formed interpretations, and shed light on a hitherto (namely, compound resultatives vs. non- unrecognized interpretation of -te i- as the Imperial China - 60 compound resultatives), the headedness of the holding of a “discourse stance”. This monograph Selected Epistles from compound (and the degree of topic prominence of will stimulate anyone interested in Japanese the language). linguistics, aspect, or usage-based linguistics. 'Letters from Snow The lexical-semantic account proposed is of theoretical significance in at least three respects. Swan Retreat' First, lexical (and syntactic) rules, like ordinary ISBN 978 3 89586 943 3. LINCOM Studies in lexical items, are language memory bank items, Japanese Linguistics 02. 158pp. USD 73.20 / although they themselves are not lexical items. EUR 59.50 / GBP 50.60. 2008. DANIEL Z. KADAR Research Institute for Linguistics, As a result, there is no need to list the outputs of

Hungarian Academy of Sciences the rules in the lexicon or in the language The discourse memory bank. In turn, it does not necessarily lead This volume introduces the reader to the to polysemy when the same verb is used in functions of the modal historical Chinese epistolary corpus, in particular different syntactic frames. Second, both simple model letters, via sixty translated and thoroughly event roles licensed by simple events and auxiliaries wake da and annotated letters selected from the Letters from complex event roles licensed by complex events should be recognized. Finally, the division of 雪鴻軒尺牘 no da in Japanese Snow Swan Retreat ( ). This labor should be maintained, syntax should be collection, dating from the Qing Dynasty (1644– made simpler, and the complete isomorphism XIANGDONG LIU 1911), became one of the most influential and between syntax and semantics should be renowned manuals for letter writers. The present abandoned. University of Western Sydney book is a groundbreaking work not only because

it provides a translation of this difficult-to-read This study investigates the discourse functions of source, but also because no single-authored ISBN 978 3 89586 067 6. LINCOM Studies in two common modal auxiliaries in Japanese - corpus of Chinese letters has been translated into Chinese Linguistics 06. 174pp. USD 85.10 / wake da and no da – in written discourse, and the English to date. EUR 69.20 / GBP 58.80. 2008 essential differences between them. Letters from Snow Swan Retreat is an Although previous studies provide a wealth of invaluable source for researchers and advanced information on the uses and meanings of these students of Sinology. Furthermore, it is an Modern Chinese as a two expressions, they have shown serious important material for historical pragmaticians, limitations and problems. The majority of historical politeness researchers and other experts Foreign Language previous works are carried out at the level of the of historical linguistics, with an interest in A Practical Course for sentence or paragraph, and rely on the scholars’ epistolary activity across cultures. Finally, the own interpretations of the meanings, or their letters presented here are of interest to ‘lay’ American Students subjective judgments regarding whether or not readers devoted to Chinese literature due to the one expression can be replaced by the other. They enjoyable archaic style of the translations. MING CHAO GUI focus on descriptions of the similarities and The present book is a useful reference interchangeabilities between the two expressions, material for student readers: along with a detailed The University of Oklahoma rather than their distinctive characteristics and introduction of the corpus studied, it supplements functions. Many researchers characterize the the translated texts with three Appendices and a The book is considered by the author the “rich functions of both of the two expressions as Glossary of epistolary expression; this Glossary is fruit” of the his language teaching experience for ‘asking or giving explanations’ or ‘conveying the most extensive historical Chinese epistolary 39 years, including 14 years of teaching modern explanatory modality’. glossary that has ever been produced in English. Chinese as a foreign language at the universities This study examines authentic data from in the United States. Japanese newspapers at the text level with The fundamental differences between ISBN 978 3 929075 62 5. LINCOM Studies in reference to the original context and linguistic teaching and learning Modern Chinese as a Chinese Linguistics 07. 242pp. USD 91.30 / features, such as lexical chains, as objective foreign language and as a native language have EUR 74.20 / GBP 63.10. 2009. clues. The investigation focuses on the distinctive been a brand new topic in the past decade or so functions of each of the expressions and their when the status of the Chinese language has been fundamental differences. To avoid potential changing rapidly and the demand for this circularity, likely to be caused by using similar Mandarin Resultative language has been increasing dramatically in the terms in definitions, this study adopts a face of the globalization of the world’s economy component approach when describing the Verb Compounds: and the growing influence of China to the world discourse functions of the two expressions. Where Syntax, Semantics, in many aspects and fields. This study has found that, although certain The book, written from the perspective of syntactic features and logical relations make the and Pragmatics Meet teaching and learning modern Chinese as a two modal auxiliaries similar superficially, they foreign language, is intended for American are distinct from each other in terms of (1) the students studying the Chinese language, types of modality they carry; (2) the attitudes of CHAO LI especially those who want to become a teacher of the writer they indicate; (3) the nature of The City University of New York the language. Beginning learners with some information they convey; and (4) the ways they basic knowledge of the language will also benefit relate to the rest of the text. The key findings of This book undertakes two major tasks. First, it from this book. this study have gone beyond the limitations of offers a lexical-semantic account of Mandarin This practical course book not only gives the previous research and confirmed the basic thesis resultative verb compounds (RVCs) within the readers the basic yet essential knowledge of the proposed. That is, it is not adequate to simply event structure model of argument representation grammar of the language on different levels of its conclude, as some previous studies suggest, that and argument realization developed on the basis linguistic hierarchy when learned as a foreign

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language, but also discloses and discusses in predicate structures, in Mandarin. They are detail the fundamental differences between traditionally termed as jieguo-‘resultative’ bu-yu, Malto learning and teaching modern Chinese as a native keneng- ‘potential’ bu-yu, and miaoshu- MIKHAIL S. ANDRONOV language and as a foreign language. It makes it ‘descriptive’ bu-yu. They all consist of clear that the effective way in acquiring modern P(redicate)1 and P(redicate)2. Institute of Oriental Studies, The Russian Chinese as a foreign language is to learn it in a The author offers a finer categorization within Academy of Sciences functional way, in other words, to learn and teach and without these bu-yu structures that differ in the actual functions of words, phrases, formation, aspect marking, negation, and A-not-A Malto is a nonliterary tribal language spoken by grammatical patterns in context, or sentences, question formation. nearly one hundred thousand Dravidian tribesmen rather than the classifications of words or types of His analysis of P1 and P2 incorporation in the hilly tracts of Rajmahal in Northern Bihar. sentences. Comparison to the different features of explains why in jieguo bu-yu, only P2 is under They prefer to reside in small settlements hidden English is another concept and practice behind all the scope of negation and why an intransitive P2 in jungle thickets and surrounded by prickly the discussions in this book, which has also been can now assign case. He argues that keneng bu-yu hedges. There they lead a life of hunters, proven to an effective teaching and learning is derived from jieguo bu-yu, based on the fishermen and collectors of edible plants, eggs, technique in the acquisition of a foreign language. similarities in their interpretations, the transitivity insects and small animals. Often they practise of their P2’s, and the optionality in their object goat-, and sheep-breeding and even rear ISBN 978 3 89586 944 0. LINCOM topicalization and pro-drop. He proposes, buffaloes. Tillage and husbandry are less popular Coursebooks in Linguistics 14. 193pp. USD however, that keneng bu-yu is a serial-verb with them. 68.30 / EUR 55.50 / GBP 47.20. 2008. Course construction, the infix de being an analytical Linguistically Malto belongs to the north- discounts available! morpheme for both potentiality and causativity. A eastern group of the Dravidian family of successive cyclic analysis accounts for the languages. Of its three dialects one, called idiosyncrasy in keneng buyu A-not-A question, Sawriya, was thoroughly studied and described Elliptical Predicate which takes the form of P1-DE-P2-P1-not-P2, by B.Droese in the mid 19th Century, the other, different from the normal A-not-A questions. Malpahariya, was described by B.P. Mahapatra in Constructions in He divides miaoshu bu-yu into descriptives, the 70s of the last Century, and the third, resultatives, and causatives, depending on the Kumarbhag, can be known from Mahapatra´s Mandarin nature of their P2. When P2 is an individual-level notes, too. In the present book phonetics, predicate, we have descriptives, with P2 being the morphology and syntax of all the three Malto main predicate. When P2 is a stage-level dialects are summarized and systematized with UIXI ESSY I R R A predicate, we have resultatives or causatives. due account of the comparative data received so Harvard University Resultatives has either subject-control or complex far (written in Russian). clausal structure, based on the finiteness of P2. This work presents a study of elliptical predicate Causatives have ECM. The de in descriptives is ISBN 978 3 89586 128 4. LINCOM Studies in constructions in Mandarin Chinese (MC). Four argued to be a nominalizer, which explains the Asian Linguistics 74. 66pp. USD 58.10 / EUR types of VP ellipsis have been investigated across peculiar P1-copying effect. 47.20 / GBP 40.10. 2008. languages. They are: (a) VPE in disguise The de in resultatives is argued to be a (alternatively known as V-Stranding VPE); (b) complementizer like English ‘that’. The de in The only typological work English-like VPE (vPE); (c) Antecedent causatives is argued to be a prepositional ever undertaken on the Andamanese languages Contained Deletion (ACD) and (d) Pseudo- complementizer like English ‘for’ that introduces Gapping (PG). It is shown that the distribution of an infinitive complement. these types of VPE constructions is quite Endangered Languages impoverished in MC. For VPE in disguise or V- ISBN 978 3 89586 902 0. LINCOM Studies in Chinese Linguistics 04. 155pp. USD 75.70 / of the Andaman Islands Stranding VPE, its distribution can only be EUR 61.50 / GBP 52.30. 2007. detected when the object is [-animate], with the ANVITA ABBI possibility of relating it to a context called strong pragmatic control. For English-like VPE (vPE), it Center of Linguistics and English, is argued that shi ('be')-supported construction is Being Affected: Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi not an instance of vPE. Instead, it is an instance of deep anaphora, in the sense of Sag (1976a), The meanings and functions This is a book on the languages of one of the and Hankamer and Sag (1976). Genuine vPE of Japanese passive world’s most endangered and ancient linguistic constructions in MC, however, do exist and they groups - the Andamanese. Andamanese, a are licensed by a particular kind of modals, which constructions language isolate, is considered the fifth language can be (sometimes) combined with certain family of India. Based on fieldwork conducted in negative morphemes. This particular kind of MAMI IWASHITA the impregnable jungles of the Andaman Islands, the author brings out a comparative linguistic modals refers to those that can indicate (epistemic University of Sydney or deontic) possibility. Modals indicating sketch of Great Andamanese, Jarawa, and Onge. (epistemic or deontic) necessity, on the other The book provides the first detailed description of Amongst the multiple and diverse meanings and phonology, word formation processes, hand, cannot license vPE in MC. ACD functions passive constructions hold, this study constructions are also limited in MC due to: (a) morphophonemic processes, lexicon containing shows that the primary function of passives in words from various semantic fields, and syntax of the limited distribution of VPE constructions in Japanese is to portray an event from the point of MC; (b) the limited process of relativization and the three languages. Similarities and differences view of an affected entity. It identifies three types between Great Andamanese, Jarawa and Onge are (c) the peculiar Lfreconstruction of the ellipsis of affectedness in Japanese passive constructions: site. PG is impossible in MC because the discussed to suggest possible genealogical emotive affectedness, direct / physical affiliations and language contact. In addition, the syntactic machinery that can derive them is not affectedness, and objective affectedness. available. book contains information on the nature of the A key contribution of this study is to reveal field work pursued by the author, as well visual The study of elliptical predicate constructions how Japanese passives are actually used in real in MC supports a mixed approach in analyzing materials, which help contextualize the different contexts. In order to achieve this, detailed tribes and their languages, in terms of civilization (VP) ellipsis. That is, we need both the PF- examination of authentic written and spoken data deletion approach and the interpretive (or the LF- and environment. This is very relevant in the is conducted. Some findings of this data analysis context of Tsunami-havoc that led to dislocation reconstruction/copying) approach. The identity contradict previous claims, such as the finding of condition for VPE constructions is argued to be of some of the Andamanese tribes. The provided a large proportion of passives with a non-sentient CD-Rom contains sound files, which help to LF-structural identity of predicates. subject, the very low frequency of indirect provide more detailed phonetic and prosodic passives and the appearance of a considerable information as well as phonetic variation among ISBN 978 3 89586 149 9. LINCOM Studies in number of passives in a proposition with a neutral the speakers of the dying and ‘mixed’ language Chinese Linguistics 05. 284pp. USD 92.50 / or positive meaning. such as Great Andamanese. EUR 75.20 / GBP 63.90. 2008. Many previous researchers have claimed a This is an important book as the speakers of complete and apparently transparent correlation these languages [8 Great Andamanese, 250 between the syntactic and semantic distinctions of Jarawa, and 94 Onge] represent the last survivors Bu-Yu, the Complex- the Japanese passive. However, through of the pre-Neolithic population of the Southeast Predicate Structures in analysing authentic data, it becomes evident that Asia. Latest research by geneticists (Science the correlation is much more subtle, and that is a 2005) indicates that the Andamanese tribes are Mandarin Chinese matter of degree or a continuum, rather than a the remnants of the first migration from Africa discrete, black and white issue. To reflect this that took place 70,000 years before present. view, this study proposes separate sets of HAIYONG LIU These languages are highly endangered, categories for syntactic and semantic distinctions. especially Great Andamanese where not more Wayne State University ISBN 978 3 89586 768 2. LINCOM Studies in than 6-8 speakers are left. Even these few speakers have stopped speaking the language Asian Linguistics 71. 255pp. USD 104.20 / In this book, the author surveys the internal amongst themselves. Very little work on these structures of three classes of bu-yu, complex- EUR 84.70 / GBP 72.00. 2007. languages has been carried out so far. While a

46 ♦ LINCOM EUROPA• project line 20 • 2010 ASIAN LANGUAGES cross linguistic study in the present book has specific etymological or cultural factors. Western only moods and modal verbs, but also inherently generated a good description of typological languages and cultures have significantly modality verbs, express this modal contrast. similarities and differences among languages, the influenced MSC colour terminology. New colour Declarative mood is the default way of comparative study of the lexicon and word terms used to be created overwhelmingly through expressing realis modality, on the other hand, formation processes draw reader’s attention to the semantic derivation. In more recent times they irrealis modality, the marked category, is genetic similarity between Onge and Jarawa. As have been created mainly through morphological expressed by nondeclarative in Nepali and irrealis Andamanese data have been analyzed against the combination and affixation. The development of in Manipuri. Modal verbs express different sorts parameters provided by the most current Chinese colour terminology conforms by and of modality such as epistemic and deontic. theoretical research in linguistic typology, the large to Berlin and Kay's universal evolutionary Modality verbs cast different modal senses on linguistic data and its analysis reported in the ordering. their complements. current book are of utmost importance The notion of aspect is discussed within the theoretically, typologically, and historically. ISBN 978 3 89586 378 3. LINCOM Studies in subdivision of inherent aspect, perfectivity, The accompanying CD-Rom exposes, for the Chinese Linguistics 01. 227pp USD 111.00 / terminativity and sequentiality. The discussion on first time, the sounds and pictures of the tribes in EUR 90.30 / GBP 76.80. 2007. inherent aspect explores the effect of inherent their natural surroundings that may serve as a rare meanings of verbal group on the aspectual audiovisual treat to the users of the book. Some distinction. The term perfectivity is limited within important sociohistorical events, which happen to Textes tangoutes I the morphological level and includes the notions take place during the author’s field trip, are also « Nouveau recueil sur l’amour such as completives, anteriors, resultatives and included in the CD, providing an indispensable parental et la piété filiale » past time markers. It contrasts with imperfectivity insight into the lives and culture of these ancient such as genericity, durativity and habituality. The peoples. term terminativity operates in the clausal level GUILLAUME JACQUES and has both verbal group and nominal arguments Structure of the book: Université Paris V – René Descartes in its scope. The term sequentiality is a discourse The book is divided into six chapters followed by level property and we illustrate it from the textual bibliographical reference and indices. Le tangoute est l’une des plus anciennes langues analysis from modern Manipuri fiction. We show [1] Introduction. sino-tibétaines a avoir été portée à l’écrit; dans that non-stative verbs marked with perfectivity [2] A Great Experience: From the Field Diary. toute la famille, seules les traditions écrites du and having the feature of terminativity move the [3] Where Have All the Speakers Gone? The chinois et du tibétain l’ont précédée. Toutefois, story line forward functioning as the Great Andamanese Language en dépit de son intéret historique considérable et foregrounding property of discourse. [4] Touch Me Not. The Jarawa Language de la quantité importante de textes qui sont The study concludes that tense is not a [5] Lost In the Jungle. The Onge Language parvenus jusqu’à nous, peu de linguistes se sont universal category, but a device languages [6] Conclusions: A Typology of the Andamanese adonnés à l’étude de cette langue. Son employ to encode the relationship between Language apprentissage est rendu difficile par un système speech time and event time. Nepali uses tense as [7] Two appendices containing demographic d’écriture excessivement complexe, mais surtout one of such devices and Manipuri uses realis figures, maps and pictures follow. par l’absence d’éditions de textes facilement mood and other temporal means for the same [8] References utilisables. purpose as it does not have grammatical way of [9] Index Le présent ouvrage répond à un double but : marking tense. Each chapter on a grammatical sketch is complete offrir aux spécialistes du tangoute un corpus de in itself as it deals with all the aspects of grammar texte analysé pour contribuer à une meilleure ISBN 978 3 89586 186 4. LINCOM Studies in from sound system to syntax to a large inventory connaissance de la morphologie et de la syntaxe Asian Linguistics 73. 282pp. USD 96.80 / of lexical items and sociolinguistics. The current de cette langue, et fournir aux étudiants désireux EUR 78.70 / GBP 66.90. 2007 book is rich in visual representation. It has thirty d’apprendre le tangoute un manuel de base pour one tables and figures, seven maps and leur travail. substantial number of photographs of tribes taken Le choix du nouveau recueil sur l’amour The Acquisition and Use of in their natural surroundings. parental et la piété filiale pour le présent travail Motion Event Expressions Because of the unique and rare nature of the est motivé par le fait que ce texte a un contenu data the book is launched with a CD-Rom varié et est traduit moins servilement du chinois in Chinese containing pictures, first-hand raw linguistic data, que beaucoup d’autres ouvrages tangoutes, en sound files of songs and narrations, short video particuliers les sutras bouddhiques. LIANG CHEN clippings shot in the local habitat. Le texte tangoute est constitué de 44 textes University of Georgia courts traduits du chinois. Pour chacun de ces textes, nous fournissons l’original chinois, le The study examined the structural and discourse ISBN 3 89586 866 3 (incl. CD-ROM). characteristics of habitual descriptions of LINCOM Studies in Asian Linguistics 64. texte tangoute organisé ligne par ligne, le numéro du caractère dans le dictionnaire de Li (1998), la dynamic motion events in Chinese. It asked how 175 pp. USD 114.20 / EUR 92.80 / GBP 78.90. these characteristics develop in children learning 2006. reconstruction de Gong Hwangcherng, le numéro de la rime ainsi qu’une glose en chinois. Chinese at different ages as contrasted with

Par ailleurs, nous proposons un index complet Chinese speaking adults. Contrasts with written A Study of Chinese dans lequel est donnée une définition en chinois productions by adults were also examined. et en français du sens de chaque mot. In expressions of motion events in Chinese, Colour Terminology verbs marking path of movement (jìn “enter”) can either function alone or follow a verb marking ISBN 978 3 89586 766 8. Languages of the manner of movement to form a serial verb WEIYUAN XU World/Text Collections 25. 172pp. USD construction. The linguistic analysis (Chapter 2) Australian National University 87.00 / EUR 70.70 / GBP 60.10. 2007. suggests the need of detailed examination of

language use in diverse contexts to address the This study represents a comprehensive controversy over whether Chinese is best investigation of Chinese colour terminology Tense, Aspect and characterized as a verb-framed (Tai, 2003), through both synchronic and diachronic satellite-framed (Talmy, 1985, 2000), or perspectives. Modality in Nepali and equipollently-framed (Slobin, 2004) language. We find that: In Modern Standard Chinese, Motion event descriptions in both elicited oral basic colour categories are designated by eight Manipuri narratives (Chapter 3) and fictional written basic colour terms which anchor the narratives (Chapter 4) in Chinese exhibited nomenclature system. Tertiary terms are often TIKARAM POUDEL characteristics that have been associated with morphologically derived from, and semantically Tribhuvan University and/or expected from both satellite-framed defined by, the basic terms. Secondary terms languages such as English and verb-framed provide interesting evidence of language change. This work explores the morpho-syntax and languages such as Spanish. These hybrid patterns There is no single internal semantic structure semantics of tense, aspect and modality in Nepali of motion event descriptions in discourse support constant across basic and non-basic terms. and Manipuri. We show that a sentence in natural characterizing Chinese as an equipollently- The potentiality of syntactic function and language consists of a proposition, the element of framed language. collocation versatility of colour terms are modality and temporal reference. The proposition Equipollently-framed structural patterns of generally determined by their morphological consists of the verb and its arguments. The notion motion event description were found to emerge structures and semantic attributes. The gradual of modality encodes different attitudes and early in Chinese children (Chapter 5), while the increase of varieties of functions; of overt judgments of the speaker. The temporal reference richness of the most advanced features of motion grammatical constraints; and of the probability of refers to whether the action is completed or on event descriptions in connected discourse syntactic extension is the trend in the going and whether the state or the action is prior, continues to develop throughout preschool and development of syntactic function of colour simultaneous or posterior to the speech time. the school years. terms. Traditionally moods and modal verbs were These studies, on the whole, suggest a close Some figurative usages of colour terms considered to be the subdivisions of modality. We link between patterns of language structure and stemmed from universal psychological show that modality is rather a semantic notion patterns of language use, and point to the associations, others were based upon Chinese- with its subdivisions of realis and irrealis. Not influence of such patterns on children’s

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development of motion event descriptions. message boards on the World Wide Web, and in Thailand, Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. The reveals a number of situational and sociocultural present study compiles data from various sources, ISBN 978 3 89586 867 2. LINCOM Studies in characteristics of ga occurrences. Furthermore, including recent fieldwork that has helped to Chinese Linguistics 03. 144pp. USD 87.00 / the second variation analysis compares ga reveal the extent and diversity of the family. EUR 70.70 / GBP 60.10. 2007. occurrences in press conferences with three Sixteen languages are compared to produce a Japanese prime ministers and finds their comparative reconstruction of the Proto Katuic relevance to premiers’ attempts in varying phonology and lexicon, including 1400 Chinese Internet degrees to craft a party-friendly image at home etymologies and reconstructions, and many wider and to demonstrate their “true colors” abroad. MK comparisons. Language The conclusion of this book discusses the role of Katuic languages are particularly significant A Study of Identity Constructions the ga historical development in its common for their rich vowel systems, which are among the functional feature in Modern Japanese and most complex in the world, and include LIWEI GAO evaluates the relationship between ga occurrence contrastive phonation types or ‘registers’. In patterns and characteristics of Japanese language, some cases these arose from the splitting of Over the past decade, the rapid development of people, and culture. vowels in connection with changes in initial Internet communication in mainland China has consonants. Interestingly it appears that register resulted in a new variety of Chinese, which is ISBN 3 89586 321 1. LINCOM Studies in systems arose independently at least three times generally termed the Chinese Internet language Asian Linguistics 63. 184pp. USD 74.90 / in the history of the Katuic family. (Henceforth CIL). The majority of Internet EUR 60.90 / GBP 51.80. 2006. The reconstruction of Proto Katuic reveals an consumers in China are aged between eighteen archaic phonological system not far removed and twenty-four, who are studying in two- or from Proto Mon-Khmer, and the study is four-year colleges. This study examines identity Introduction to Chinese augmented with an index of Proto Mon-Khmer construction in the use of CIL by young Chinese reconstructions by the late Professor Harry Shorto netizens. It argues that the employment of CIL is Dialectology (previously unpublished). not only attributable to such external factors as MARGARET MIAN YAN constraints from computers as a medium of ISBN 3 89586 802 7 (Hardbound). LINCOM communication but also, perhaps equally Indiana University Studies in Asian Linguistics 58. 250pp. USD 144.30 / EUR 117.30 / GBP 99.70. 2005. importantly, to such internal factors as netizens’ Introduction to Chinese Dialectology intends to desire to construct various personal identities. give a comprehensive account of the studies on To make the argument, this work first Chinese dialects tracing from the first Chinese analyzes objective linguistic data, CIL usages on dialect study of Yang Xiong's Fangyan "Dialect" Sound Systems of the lexical, sentential, and discursive level that to present works, covering mainly phonological Mandarin Chinese and were collected primarily from five Internet and lexical features. situations – BBS’s, chatrooms, Internet literature, It investigates the dialect research from English: a comparison personal e-mails, and public web sites. It then historical and theoretical linguistic perspectives. examines the subjective data collected through a Topics include: the classification of Chinese TSUNG CHIN questionnaire survey conducted in mainland dialects, dialect studies in different periods, the University of Maryland China. The survey results strongly support the criteria for the dialect classification as proposed argument that CIL is oftentimes utilized for the by different scholars, discussions on the Chinese This is a book on the sound systems of Mandarin purpose of identity construction. The types of dialectology from philological, descriptive, Chinese and English. It takes a contrastive identities that the survey participants would like generative and computational quantifying approach by first analyzing English and then to construct include those characterized with approaches, and the contributions of Chinese using the same framework for Chinese. being 1) entertaining and interesting, 2) dialectology to the general linguistic theories. The book focuses on the basic concepts for technologically well informed and being able to The main text devotes to the description of the the understanding of Mandarin sound system. It keep up with social developments, 3) modern, major phonological characteristics and describes the basic units of meaning, zi (words), fashionable and cool, 4) internationally oriented distributions of the major dialects, supplemented as morpheme-syllables. The 405 morpheme- or transnational, 5) unconventional and even by fourteen sketch dialect maps and over one syllables in Mandarin form a closed set before rebellious, and/or 6) young, fresh and innocent. hundred tables of dialect data for easier reading tones are added. The components in the syllable This study contributes to the understanding of and comparisons. Each chapter is supported by are analyzed in terms of consonants and vowels, the interaction between language use and identity exercises, which basically is in the form of and divided into initials and finals by a binary construction in the Internet arena. Aside from contrastive and comparative linguistic analysis approach used in traditional Chinese linguistics. documenting a new type of language contact and nature. In this book, an original view is illustrated on the convergence in the digital age, this study also positional analysis of the syllable and the informs research on the social and technological Contents selection of vowels heading the groups of finals factors responsible for language variation and Preface, Acknowledgements in the binary system. The four tones are shown to change. Moreover, this study sheds light on such form a symmetrically balanced system with the topics as language and culture, functions of 1 Background of Chinese Dialectology phonetic variations explained in concise and language, and language attitudes. 2 Modern Period of Dialectology I simple terms. The placement of tone marks which

3 Modern Period of Dialectology II often causes confusion is also demonstrated to ISBN 978 3 89586 382 0. LINCOM Studies in 4 Major Dialect Groups follow well-motivated rules. Chinese Linguistics 02. 187pp. USD 84.50 / 4.1 The Mandarin and Jin Dialects This book provides insights for speakers of EUR 68.70 / GBP 58.40. 2007. 4.2 The Wu Dialects English and Chinese about their languages. It can 4.3 The Xiang Dialects be used as a textbook on Chinese phonetics, or as 4.4 The Min Dialects a reader for students of Chinese as a second Ga: Japanese Conjunction 4.5 The Gan Dialects language. Linguistic concepts are explained in Its Functions and 4.6 The Kejia Dialects plain language supplemented by analogies, 4.7 The Yue Diaelcts examples, and reinforcing exercises. Learning Sociolinguistic Implications 4.8 Transitional Dialects problems are pointed out, causes explained, and

Concluding Remarks, References remedies suggested. TATSUYA FUKUSHIMA Summary of Phonological Rules University of Arkansas Index Table of Contents

ISBN 3 89586 629 6 (Hardbound). LINCOM This book presents results of the historical, Studies in Asian Linguistics 22. USD 164.00 / Division 1: The Chinese Language pragmatic, and variation analyses of the Japanese EUR 133.30 / GBP 113.30. 2006. Section I: What Is Chinese conjunction ga “but; however” in an attempt to Section II: The Dialects identify its functions as well as to reveal their Section III: Mandarin situational and sociocultural implications. The Section IV: Mono-Syllabicity, the Morpheme and historical analysis finds that ga, which initially The Katuic Languages Classification, Reconstruction the Morpheme Syllable functioned as a nominative case marker for a nominalized clause, developed the conjunctive and Comparative Lexicon Division 2: Linguistic Concepts function as a result of its occurrences in Section V: Pronunciation vs. Spelling increasingly complex sentence patterns. The PAUL SIDWELL Section VI: Phonetics pragmatic analysis identifies five functional Section VII: Consonants, Vowels, and the categories of ga based on data from a popular live School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University Syllable TV talk show. Additionally, the first variation analysis Division 3: English Sound System employs data from newspaper articles, public The Katuic languages are a branch of the Mon- Section VIII: Minimal Pairs and Phonemes speeches by prominent elected officials, and Khmer family with more than a million speakers Section IX: English Consonants

48 ♦ LINCOM EUROPA• project line 20 • 2010 ASIAN LANGUAGES

Section X: Allophones and Assimilation Second revised and enlarged edition Section XI: English Vowels

Division 4: Mandarin Sound System Section XII: Mandarin Consonants Brahui, a Dravidian Language Section XIII: Mandarin Vowels Section XIV: Mandarin Syllable Structure MIKHAIL S. ANDRONOV Section XV: Mandarin Tones Institute of Oriental Studies, The Russian Academy of Sciences

Division 5: Traditional Chinese Phonology Section XVI: Reverse Correspondence and Twin The Brahui language, spoken by some 1,5 million people in Pakistan, Iran and Afghanistan, Initial-Double Final is the earliest offshoot of the Dravidian stock. Isolated from the kindred languages for Section XVII: Binary Initial+Final Analysis of several thousand years, it combines ancient features inherited from the Proto-Dravidian the Mandarin Syllable ancestor with numerous borrowings from its Iranian and Indo-Aryan neighbours. Section XVIII: Combinatory Constrains and Apart from a detailed practical grammar, illustrated with copious examples from Brahui Mandarin Syllables texts, the book offers the latest comparative-historical information on the evolution and Division 6: Phonetic Systems origin of the main elements of the language. The Brahui phonemes are traced to their Old Section XIX: The Three Major Romanization Dravidian sources, the origins of case Suffixes and other nominal desinences are expounded, Systems and Their Comparison the Brahui numerals and pronouns are also traced to their ancient archetypes, and so are the Section XX: The National Phonetic Alphabet personal suffixes of the verb. The primary systems of gender, tense and mood, lost or Mandarin Initials modified in the contemporary language, are reconstructed in comparison with those of Old Mandarin Syllables Tamil and other classical languages.

Index The Brahui syntax, although basically Dravidian, lost many original constructions, particularly those with nonfinite verbal forms. However, Brahui suffered the greatest losses in its vocabulary, where the layer of Dravidian words is remarkably thin. Etymologies of ISBN 3 89586 322 X. LINCOM Studies in Asian Linguistics 70. 144pp. USD 62.60 / those which were retained can be referred to in the book. EUR 50.90 / GBP 43.30. 2006. The position of Brahui within the Dravidian family and its relationship ties with kindred languages are discussed at large in the final chapter. Handbook of Japanese General Information on Brahui is given in the Introduction. The history of its study is also briefly outlined there. A bibliography of earlier works on the Brahui language is Grammar appended in the end. The subject index will make the use of the book easier. (Revised and enlarged Version of the 2001 edition (ISBN 3 89586 412 9 )). HIROKO STORM ISBN 3 89586 348 3 (Hardbound). LINCOM Studies in Asian Linguistics 65. 160 pp. USD 119.70 / A Handbook of Japanese Grammar is intended EUR 97.30 / GBP 82.70. 2006. for students who study Japanese as a second language, and teachers of the language. It is units of text at the discourse level. The analysis The monograph is organized as follows: designed for those who seek a comprehensive also has its practical application in second Chapter 1 presents a general introduction of the understanding of multiple areas of Japanese. language teaching. It is shown in the second part bă problem; Chapter 2 briefly reviews literature Contents: Chapter 1: Pronunciation; Chapter 2: of the book that the patterns of topic chains can on Mandarin bă sentences, including studies The Writing System; Chapter 3: Vocabulary; be used as a transitional measure to lead students’ available as recently as 2005; Chapter 3 concerns Chapter 4: Parts of Speech; Chapter 5: Numerals production from the clause to the discourse level. the constructional meaning of BRC; Chapter 4 and Counters; Chapter 6: Word Order; Chapter 7: The study is an attempt to investigate how represents a lexical study of bă itself, discussing Conditionals; Chapter 8: Double Noun Phrase; discourse patterns, structures and strategies can how the resultative meaning of the verb has Sentences; Chapter 9: Noun Modifiers; Chapter be effectively taught in second language evolved and its syntactic properties in BRC. 10: Comparatives and Superlatives; Chapter 11: classrooms to reflect the discourse-oriented Chapter 5 and Chapter 6 are devoted to the Causatives; Chapter 12: Passives; Chapter 13: nature of the Chinese language. It bridges the gap overall syntactic structure of BRC. The former Requests, Invitations, and Commands; Chapter between linguistic analysis and language investigates relations between arguments of the 14: Potentials; Chapter 15: Purposes; Chapter 16: pedagogy. matrix verb bă and the embedded verb in the Honorifics; Chapter 17: Male and Female Speech complement clause under the Government- ISBN 3 89586 371 8. LINCOM Studies in Binding Theory, while the latter addresses a ISBN 3 89586 708 X. LINCOM Handbooks Asian Linguistics 57. 239pp. USD 100.50 / parsing experiment of BRC in the cooking in Linguistics 18. 200pp. USD 93.10 / EUR EUR 81.70 / GBP 69.50. 2005. domain implemented within the framework of 75.70 / GBP 64.40. 2003. Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar. Chapter 7 focuses on the pragmatic features of BRC. Studies on Bă Resultative Finally, conclusions are drawn in Chapter 8. Topic Chains in Construction Chinese A Comprehensive Approach to ISBN 978 3 89586 491 9. LINCOM Studies in Mandarin Bă Sentences Asian Linguistics 62. 100pp. USD 61.40 / EUR 49.90 / GBP 42.40. 2007.

A Discourse Analysis and Applications in Language Teaching PICUS SIZHI DING Simon Fraser University A Reference Grammar WENDAN LI The present work represents a comprehensive of the Tamil Language University of North Carolina approach to the perennial problem of Mandarin bă sentences. In the light of typological studies of MIKHAIL S. ANDRONOV Chinese is a discourse-oriented language. It has resultative, the bă-construction is identified as the Institute of Oriental Studies, The Russian relatively few morphological and syntactic rules, Bă Resultative Construction (BRC), in which bă but more constructions and strategies at the Academy of Sciences is argued to have developed an abstract meaning discourse level for the organization of text. The of ‘bringing about a resultative state’. Bă is topic chain is such a structure at the discourse Tamil belongs to the Dravidian family of consequently argued to be the head of the languages, where it is rightfully regarded as their level in which clauses are linked not by periphrastic resultative construction, where its conjunctions, but by coreferential relationships most ancient and typical representative. The verbal status has remained after the number of speakers, which exceeds 70 million, between overt topic noun phrases and unspecified grammaticalization. The complexity of the bă noun phrases in adjacent clauses. Since the topic makes Tamil one of the major languages of the problem is elucidated in semantic, syntactic, and world. The groat bulk of Tamils (approx. 90 per chain is used frequently in Chinese, the pragmatic studies of BRC. Semantically, a bă understanding of the structure is important to the cent) live in South India, where Tamil is an sentence in BRC is complex in that it typically official language of Tamilnadu. A few millions of understanding of the language. This book involves an underlying action and a resultative analyzes the structural characteristics of topic Tamils live in Sri Lanka, mostly in its northern state. Considering bă as a verb, a complex and eastern areas. Tamils also form a sizable chains, their functions in discourse organization structure naturally arises in the syntactic analysis and their commonly occurring patterns. portion of the population in South East Asian of BRC. Finally, bă sentences in BRC also countries, primarily Malaysia (nearly 1 million), It demonstrates how the patterns are used possess a pragmatically complex structure: an either individually or in combination to build up Indonesia (0.5 mill.). Nyanmar (0.2 mill.) and embedded topic structure. Singapore (0.2 mill.). Many hundred thousand

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Tamils reside in South Africa, Mauritius and people in Pakistan, Iran and Afghanistan, is the the author studied Bengali, Hindi and especially elsewhere. As a second language Tamil is earliest offshoot of the Dravidian stock. Isolated Tamil at the Moscow Institute of Oriental Studies regularly used by tribesmen of Tamilnadu and from the kindred languages for several thousand and, later, at the Tamil Department, University of other Indian bilinguals (ca 4 mill.). years, it combines ancient features inherited from Madras. The creative part of the work was The written history of the Tamil language is the Proto-Dravidian ancestor with numerous accomplished in the Institute of Oriental Studies, known for nearly twenty-two centuries: the borrowings from its Iranian and Indo-Aryan the Russian Academy of Sgiences, which in 1978 earliest specimens of writing Tamil date back to neighbours. and 1994 brought out two editions of the book in the 2nd century B.C. The earliest extant Apart from a detailed practical grammar, Russian. The present edition incorporates monuments of Tamil poetry belong to the last illustrated with copious examples from Brahui numerous additions and amendments made in the quarter of the 1st century A.D. Yet there are literary texts, the book offers the latest text in the process of its translation. evident signs of a long literary tradition that must comparative-historical information on the Contents: Preface, Abbreviations, have preceded their appearance. evolution and origin of the main elements of the Introduction 1. Phonetics 1.1. Phones and CONTENTS: The grammar includes chapters language. The Brahui phonemes are traced to phonemes 1.2. Historical development of sounds on: Orthography and Orthoepy - Morphology their Old Dravidian sources, the origins of case 1.3. Phonetic correspondences 1.4. Phonetic (Nouns - Numerals - Pronouns - Personal nouns - suffixes and other nominal desinences are processes 1.5. Dravidian root structure 2. Adjectives - Verbs - Adverbs - Particles - expounded, the Brahui numerals and pronouns Morphology 2.1. Nouns 2.2. Numerals 2.3. Imitative words - Echo-words - Interjections) - are also traced to their ancient archetypes, and so Pronouns 2.4. Personal nouns 2.5. Adjectives 2.6. Syntax (Simple sentence (Subject - Predicate - are the personal suffixes in the verb. The primary Verbs 2.7. Adverbs 2.8. Imitative words 2.9. Agreement between subject and predicate - systems of gender, tense and mood, lost or Echo-words 2.10. Particles 2.11. Postpositions Attribute - Object - Adverbial modifiers - modified in the contemporary language, are 2.12. Conjunctions 2.13. Interjections 3. Proto- Homogeneous parts of the sentence - Word order reconstructed in comparison with these of Old Dravidian Language 4. Bibliographical references - Inversion - Mononuclear sentences - Tamil and other classical languages. 5. Indexes. Incomplete sentences), Composite sentence The general information on Brahui is given in (Complex sentences - Compound sentences - the Introduction. The history of its study is also ISBN 3 89586 705 5. LINCOM Language Parenthetical sentences)). It concludes with an briefly outlined there and, in particular, the Research 03. 342pp. USD 124.60 / EUR index of sandhi transmutations, an index of position of Brahui within the Dravidian family is 101.30 / GBP 86.10. 2003. inflexions, and References. (The grammar is an discussed. A bibliography of earlier works on the unchanged reprint of the English edition; Brahui language is appended in the end. The Moscow (2003)). subject index will make the use of the book The Phonology of easier. [Original and unabridged version, set with a typewriter]. Guangzhou Cantonese ISBN 3 89586 838 8. LINCOM Language

Research 04. 470pp. USD 117.20 / EUR 95.30 MING CHAO GUI / GBP 81.00. 2005. ISBN 3 89586 412 9. LINCOM Language Research 01 100pp. USD 87.00 / EUR 70.70 / The University of Oklahoma . GBP 60.10. 2001. Cantonese, also widely known as Yue Yu (粤语) Dravidian Historical or Guangdong Hua (广东话) in a much broader Linguistics A Comparative sense, is in fact one of the many varieties of the Yue Family of Chinese dialects. From the linguistic and historical linguistic point of view, it IKHAIL NDRONOV Grammar of the M S. A is generally viewed as the lingua fanca of this Institute of Oriental Studies, The Russian Dravidian Languages family. The variety being discussed in this book Academy of Sciences is the one spoken in the City of Guangzhou MIKHAIL S. ANDRONOV (广州), the capital of Guangdong province, The book is composed of papers dealing with Institute of Oriental Studies, The Russian therefore it is known as Guangzhou Hua controversial problems in the history and Academy of Sciences (Guangzhou speech), or rather, Guangzhou comparative grammar of the Dravidian Cantonese as suggested by the title of this book. languages. A historical overview of Dravidian A decisive role played by the Dravidian This book is based on the author's Master's studies in the 19th and 20th centuries is followed thesis completed at the University of Texas with by a detailed discussion of various systems of component in the linguistic history of South Asia, makes the historical study of the Dravidian up-dated information and language data. A language classification worked out by leading sociolinguistic as well as historical linguistic comparativists in the past two centuries. The languages one of the primary tasks of modern South Asian linguistics. Information on the account of this language is given in some detail, major principles of the comparative-historical including a special section on the Creo-natured method are discussed in connection with Dravidian language structure at the earliest stage of existence as well as on the course of its origin of Cantonese and its close varieties. unceasing attempts to establish genetic Discussions in great detail have been given to the relationship between Dravidian and non- development in subsequent periods has become indispensable for the understanding of many segmental and suprasegmental features of this Dravidian languages. The origin and historical language. The complex yet symmetrical tone evolution ot finite forms of the Dravidian verb are fundamental aspects of the evolution of Indo- Aryan, Munda and other languages spoken in this system and the unique tone sandhi phenomena dealt with in several papers, and those of the are treated with feature geometry framework. The adjective in Tamil and personal pronouns in area, not to mention the internal history of the Dravidian family itself. Modern linguistics major motivation for the tone change has been Brahui are traced in the other two. investigated. For the first time, presumably, A peculiar case of grammar hybridization in operates with data from twenty-six Dravidian languages, viz., Tamil, Malayalam, Kasaba, some significant synchronic changes undertaken Old Malayalam mixed with Sanskrit and cases of by modern Guangzhou Cantonese in the past fifty structural borrowing in modern Dravidian Kurru, Kota, Toda, Kodagii, Kannada, Kuruba, Tulu, Koraga, Bellari, Telugu, Kolami, Naiki, years have been probed. languages are described and analysed in three papers. Finally, the etymologies of the word Parji, Gadaba, Gondi, Konda, Pengo, Manda, Kul, Kuvi, Kurukh, Malto and Brahui. ISBN 3 89586 643 1 (Hardbound). LINCOM ‘Dravidian‘ and a dozen of other ethnonyms are Studies in Asian Linguistics 56. 144pp. USD explained. A bibliography of over 300 items In the absence of a definite boundary between the notions of language and dialect some of the 141.80 / EUR 115.30 / GBP 98.00. 2005. indicates the relevant literature, both classical and modern. [Original and unabridged version, set South Dravidian tribal dialects are occasionally with a typewriter]. treated as independent languages in literature. It Intonation in Cantonese seems, however, that there are no sufficient

ISBN 3 89586 413 7. LINCOM Language grounds for it as peculiarities of such dialects do Research 02. 160pp. USD 100.50 / EUR 81.70 / not generally exceed dialectisms found CHOI-YEUNG-CHANG FLYNN GBP 69.50. 2001. elsewhere. Therefore tribal dialects retain their University of Hong Kong original status in this edition of Comparative Grammar. At the same time there is no This study develops a system for describing A Grammar of the confidence that all languages of the Dravidian intonation in Cantonese, a language having six family have already been discovered and their list phonological tones employing both pitch and Brahui Language will not be expanded in the future. Dravidian slope. It analyses the utterance intonation contour comparative studies have a 140-year-old history. into major intonation groups, intonation groups in Comparative The multiplicity and diversity of collected facts, and feet. It defines what criteria those units meet the complicacy of raised problems and the and how they relate to each other. Treatment discrepancy between their conflicting The intonation contours, constructed with a interpretations, on the one hand, and the necessity string of lexical tones, are described in terms of MIKHAIL S. ANDRONOV to restrict the extent of the study to the limits of prosodic units which separate themselves in terms Institute of Oriental Studies, The Russian this book, on the other, called for a careful of pitch height and pitch span. The demarcation Academy of Sciences selection of the material to be examined here. The of the units is an innovation of this work. The work on this book has a long history. Its different F0 values of identical phonological The Brahui language, spoken by some 1.5 million preliminary stage started in the early fifties when tones in an utterance are found to be in gradual

50 ♦ LINCOM EUROPA• project line 20 • 2010 ASIAN LANGUAGES descent if they are within an intonation group, Due to the isolating morphological character phrase structure - the so-called accentual phrase and an intonation group is depicted more clearly of Mandarin, grammatical categories such as structure - of the two sentence types.The results when the two fitted lines which cover the top and gender and case are irrelevant for the NP. Issues show that the two sentence types are both similar the bottom are parallel and declined. A major on number, by contrast, turn out to be of most and different in their intonational structure. They intonation group is the largest prosodic unit in importance and relevance. Indeed it is precisely are similar in two ways. Both have the same utterances. It is decided by a larger size of the unique behavior of the NP in relation to accentual phrase structure, with two accentual resetting of pitch span. An intonation group and a number expression which is characteristic of the phrases, and both permit of an orthogonal major intonation group each represent a unit of Mandarin NP, i.e., the use of the classifier. A 'strength' dimension. Thus it is claimed that direct information which is semantically and survey of this phenomenon will be the main task imperatives can differ in the authority conveyed, syntactically coherent. The most prominent of chapter three. In order to express the notion of and indirect imperatives can differ in the degree syllable in an intonation group is the tonic. quantification, Mandarin Chinese draws on the of assertiveness conveyed. It is further claimed An acoustic analysis of all possible use of classifiers. In Chinese linguistics, however, that both these orthogonal 'strength' dimensions combinations of the lexical tones of disyllabic classifiers are not defined clearly enough. are signalled by the same phonological and trisyllabic tonal sequences shows that tonal mechanism: through the first high tone of the coarticulation is an important factor in modifying (to be continued in the LINCOM webshop: accentual phrase. the F0 contours. The modification can affect both www.lincom.eu). The two sentence types differ in three ways. the pitch height and the slope of the F0 contours, They have different boundary tones: /HL%/ or and is also realised in both anticipatory and ISBN 3 89586 728 4. LINCOM Studies in /L%/ in direct imperative and /LHL%/ in indirect carryover effects. Prominence is examined, both Asian Linguistics 53. 300pp. USD 100.50 / imperative, and the relationship between strong at the level of words and of utterances, and a EUR 81.70 / GBP 69.50. 2003. authority and weak authority in the direct description of its prosodic parameters is imperative is categorical, while the relationship developed with supporting evidence from the 2nd edition: between strong assertiveness and weak discussion of tonics. assertiveness in the indirect imperative is Japanese Postpositions: gradient. Also, the indirect imperative has ISBN 3 89586 986 4. LINCOM Studies in considerably longer duration on the final syllable Theory and Practice than the direct imperative. Asian Linguistics 49. 150pp. USD 88.20 / EUR 71.70 / GBP 61.00. 2003. NORIKO KATSUKI-PESTEMER ISBN 3 89586 722 5. LINCOM Studies in

University of Trier Asian Linguistics 48. 144pp. USD 77.40 / A Profile of the EUR 62.90 / GBP 53.50. 2003. This handbook gives the reader an overview of Mandarin Noun Phrases Japanese postpositions which have a wide range Possessive Phrases & of functions, such as case marking, adverbial, Studies on Dialects in copulative, conjunctive and modality expressing Classifier Phrases in Spoken roles. The aim of this book is to provide the the Shanghai Area Discourse reader general linguistic features with a wealth of Their Phonological Systems and concrete examples. Therefore, this introduction to Japanese postpositions, on the one hand, Historical Developments HSIN-YUN LIU facilitates learners of Japanese at all levels in University of Cologne understanding its structures and their meanings ZHONGMIN CHEN and thus using them correctly. On the other hand, This empirical study investigates complex it enables linguists to gain an insight into the case University of California, Berkeley Mandarin noun phrases (NP) in actual spoken system and syntactic structures of the Japanese discourse, with special emphasis on the language; it also clarifies the agentless features, a This study is an analysis of phonological systems adnominal possessive phrases and the classifier strong dependency on the context for and historical developments of dialects in the phrases. understanding texts or discourse; and finally the Shanghai Area. In investigating the structure of the Mandarin manifestations of subjectivity inherent to the Though there are five groups in the area, it is noun phrase, the author finds that there are two Japanese language. Suggestions for further the historical development of The City group in highly interesting phenomena which merit special reading, which are given in footnotes, enable the period from the 1850's to present which will attention: the functional behavior of the particle students and researchers to find their way to more be of primary concern to us in this study. There de in adnominal phrases and the use of classifiers. detailed fields of Japanese linguistics. are five chapters and two appendices in the study. The particle de is observed to play a crucial role Noriko Katsuki-Pestemer is Lecturer of Chapter One presents the general information in the syntactic configuration of the Mandarin Japanese language and Japanese linguistics at the about the location, history, administration, and NP: apart from connecting two elements together, University of Trier. She is the author of Japanese population of the area, an overview of previous it can occur with all the possible modifying textbooks for undergraduate students at German studies, and a brief discussion of the research elements and makes explicit the modification universities: Grundstudium Japanisch Volume 1 methods and databases employed in the study. relationship such an element bears to the head (1990) and Volume 2 (1991); Japanisch für Chapter Two addresses the internal noun in a complex NP. The use of the classifier Anfänger Volumes 1 and 2 (1996). divergence between the dialects and classifies the turns out to be the most conspicuous typological dialects in the area into five groups. The analysis feature of Mandarin. In view of their significance, ISBN 978 3 89586 111 6. LINCOM Studies in includes the criteria of the classification, the the phenomena involving the particle de and the Asian Linguistics 52. 210pp. USD 101.50 / classification of the dialects, and the historical- classifier will be scrutinized in chapters two and EUR 82.50 / GBP 70.10. 2008 (2nd edition). cultural background of the classification. The three, respectively. author treats the characteristics of tonal systems With regard to the adnominal possessive as a principal criterion in classifying the dialects construction, there is a general consensus in The Intonational Phonology in the area into five groups. Finally, a brief Chinese linguistics about the linking function of description of the phonological systems of the the particle de. Given that the presence of this of Direct and Indirect four representative dialects in the suburban area particle in adnominal constructions is not Imperative Sentence Types will be given (Chengqiao, Jiading , Songjiang and obligatory, some analyses thus hint at a possible Liantang dialect). correlation between the omission/non-use of the in Seoul Korean Chapter Three is a description of the particle de and inalienbility (cf. Dragunov 1960; phonological system of The City group. The Chao 1968; Li and Thompson 1981), possible HYUNG-SOON YIM sound system of The City group is based on most factors triggering the presence or absence of the Australian National University people's (majority) pronunciation. The particle de in actual spoken discourse are, differences between "majority" and "older", and however, never surveyed. It is Chappell and This book describes and analyses the intonation other variations will be also discussed in this Thompson (1992) who first inquire into this of two morpho-syntactically equivalent sentence chapter. Chapter Four presents a discussion of question. They conduct a survey on a corpus types in Seoul Korean: the so-called direct some major sound changes in the dialects. This consisting of both spoken and written texts and imperative (or command), and the indirect analysis includes tonal developments, pre- arrive at the conclusion that the use or omission imperative (or suggestion). The Autosegmental- glottalized stops and their developments, the of the particle de is determined by a number of Metrical theory developed by Pierrehumbert difference between literary and colloquial convergent factors. Based on their findings, Liu (1980), Beckman and Pierrehumbert (1986), readings, and the pronunciation strata of the Yu will explore further the relevant factors Pierrehumbert and Beckman (1988), and Jun rhyme category of Middle Chinese. Chapter Five determining the use or omission of the particle de (1996; 1998) is used as analytical framework. discusses the major sound changes that have in a pure spoken discourse. This is the main task Specifically, the book asks if the two sentence occurred in The City group from the 1850's to of chapter two. In addition, issues concerning to types are intonationally distinguishable, and if present by comparing the four sound systems what extent the notion of “inalienability” is they are, how they are different. As part of this from three periods. Appendix One is the language relevant to the adnominal possessive phrase, as aim, it also examines how intonational tones are atlas in the area. There are twenty-five maps in well as how this notion is expressed in Mandarin, realised over units of different length in the two this appendix, including administrative maps, two will also be investigated in this chapter. sentence types, and investigates the intonational maps on the classification of the dialects, and

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twenty-one maps of language features. Appendix straight-forward accounts of learning difficulties ISBN 3 89586 369 6. LINCOM Studies in Two is a comparative morpheme-syllabary. in the particular group of first language speakers Asian Linguistics 44. 148pp. USD 95.60 / The pronunciations of more than 2,000 regarding the prosody of the specified second EUR 77.70 / GBP 66.10. 2002. characters from the five groups are listed in this languages on the basis of the assumptions laid appendix. down previously in the first papers. Prosody and Prosodic ISBN 3 89586 978 3. LINCOM Studies in ISBN 3 89586 701 2. Languages of the World Asian Linguistics 46. 260pp. incl. 24 maps 28. 100pp. USD 78.60 / EUR 63.90 / GBP Transfer in Foreign (four colour printing). USD 122.10 / EUR 54.30. 2003. Language Acquisition: 99.30 / GBP 84.40. 2003. Cantonese and Japanese Yunnanese and Grammaticalization of ESTHER YUK WAH LAI Kunming Chinese: University of Hong Kong Verbs in Mandarin A Study of the Language Communities, The present volume is an elaborate study of the Chinese the Phonological Systems, and the prosodic system and prosodic transfer effects in Phonological Developments two typologically distinct languages, Cantonese JANET ZHIQUN XING and Japanese, which are representative of two big Western Washington University MING CHAO GUI prosodic types, namely, tone language and pitch- University of Oklahoma, Norman accent language. The first part of the study This study demonstrates that many processes examines the most important features characterizing the overall prosody of each of syntactic and semantic change discussed in This is a interdisciplinary study composed of language through a comprehensive review over the literature (e.g. Traugott and Heine 1991, extensive research and detailed analyses of important issues in the light of present day Hopper and Traugott 1993, Heine 1993, Bybee Yunnanese, a Southwestern Mandarin language prosodic and phonological theories as the et al. 1994) occur in the grammaticalization of spoken in Yunnan, China, and Kunming Chinese- metrical theory, auto segmental and prosodic Chinese verbs. In addition to that, there are a -one of its major varieties spoken in the city of phonology etc. The second part focuses on a number of significant tendencies in the Kunming. The research work is conducted in contrastive study to predict or explain potential grammaticalization of Chinese verbs compared three major areas: the language communities, the areas of prosodic interference in the foreign with those from typologically different phonological systems, and the phonological language classroom of Cantonese and Japanese languages. developments in the past six decades. The speakers through postulating a hierarchy of For instance, semantic categories vary language communities are discussed from the transfer parameters, with empirical verification among the verbs that enter into perspectives of ethnology, sociolinguistics, and where necessary. grammaticalization; the source meaning does dialectology, covering such aspects as history of The study displays its unique contribution in not determine the path of grammaticalization; the civilization of Yunnan and Kunming, the multiple directions: (a)The Cantonese and grammaticalization does not entail ethnographical and ethno-historical account for stress/accent hypothesis proposed in the study is desemantization. Evidence is presented to the twenty-four ethnic groups inhabiting in the first attempt ever to examine closely the show that all verbs investigated in this study Yunnan province, the demographic statistics of prosodic behaviour of Cantonese, beyond the have undergone three stages of syntactic these groups, and dialect geography of scope of the lexical tone. (b) The detailed reanalysis: serialization, de-centralization, and Yunnanese and its varieties, as well as the prosodic analyses as presented should greatly functionalization. As to semantic change, members of Southwestern Mandarin subgroup. facilitate second language learning for Cantonese pragmatic inferencing plays a crucial role A language survey has been conducted in and Japanese speakers who are both well known throughout the process of all cases of some detail on the varieties of Yunnanese to speak a second language with a strong first grammaticalization. It is argued that this is represented by one hundred and thirty-five language accent. (c) The scrutiny of diverse primarily attributed to the isolating nature of locations with a comparative study of their language types revealing universal principles the Chinese language. segmental and suprasegmental structures. A underlying language specific behaviour seems to comparative study on the language data suggest that barriers between the so called ISBN 3 89586 755 1. LINCOM Studies in representing two different varieties of Kunming "distinct prosodic types" such as "tonal versus Asian Linguistics 47. 139pp. USD 72.50 / Chinese spoken in two different periods of time, intonation", "rhythm of alternation versus rhythm EUR 58.90 / GBP 50.10. 2003. i.e., in 1940s and in 1990s, discloses the striking of succession" can be rather superficial, upon new sound changes undergone by this dialect. discovery and new interpretation of their prosodic Analyses of tone sandhi in autosegmental and Studies on Cross-linguistic behaviour. metrical framework have revealed the edge Transfer Patterning and sensitive characteristic of its tone system, as well ISBN 3 89586 467 6. LINCOM Studies in Prosodic Typology : as the constrains of tone sandhi imposed by Language Acquisition 08. 350pp. USD 103.00 syntactic structure and lexical category. / EUR 83.70 / GBP 71.20. 2002. Cantonese, Japanese, English

ISBN 3 89586 635 0. LINCOM Studies in ESTHER YUK WAH LAI Asian Linguistics 28. 250pp. USD 98.00 / Rawang Texts University of Hong Kong EUR 79.70 / GBP 67.80. 2001.

RANDY J. LAPOLLA & DORY POA The present book is a collection of studies on City University of Hong Kong prosody and universal transfer patterning in The Prosodic Syntax distinct prosodic types. The languages of This volume is a collection of fully analyzed texts reference are Cantonese, Japanese and English. of Chinese of the Mvtwang dialect of the Rawang language The first paper: “Cantonese Stress: its Forms collected as part of fieldwork on the language. and Functions” investigates the stress SHENGLI FENG Rawang is a Tibeto-Burman language spoken by phenomenon in the under-researched tonal University of Kansas approximately fifty thousand people who live in language of Cantonese (a Chinese dialect northern Kachin State, Myanmar (Burma), belonging to the Yue dialect group). An original In linguistics, it has been commonly assumed that particularly along the Mae Hka (‘Nmai Hka) and Cantonese Durational Stress/Accent Hypothesis syntax can exert influence on prosody, but the Maeli Hka (Mali Hka) river valleys just south and is motivated to explain prosodic operations that opposite direction, prosody influences syntax, is east of Tibet. The Mvtwang dialect is considered are hitherto overlooked on the basis of stress much less widely recognized. The present to be the most central of the many Rawang behaviour in other tonal dialects of Chinese as manuscript argues for a bidirectional interaction dialects spoken in Myanmar, and so has become a well as languages of distinct typologies. between prosody and syntax: Syntax governs standard for writing and intergroup The second paper: “Predictability and prosody and prosody also constrains syntax, communication. Universality of Transfer Patterning in Distinct based on data from Chinese. For example, a The texts include the Rawang creation and Prosodic Types” adopts the contrastive approach classical problem in Chinese syntax is this: only migration stories, other folk stories, and also to examine cross-linguistic transfer patterning, one constituent is, in general, allowed after the dialogic procedural texts detailing how to weave proposing a Contrastive Transfer Hierarchy to main verb. However, if the object is a destressed cloth, how to prepare different traditional foods predict, or explain, transfer prominence and element (a pronoun, for example), two and how to make a bow and arrows. An degrees of difficulties in SLA with L1 and L2 constituents can legitimately occur after the verb. introductory chapter gives a brief grammatical from distinct prosodic typological backgrounds. This pattern is explained by proposing a prosodic description of the language and introduces the The third paper: “A Cantonese Accent: feature assignment on elementary trees in the Rawang orthography. Transfer of Cantonese Prosodic Traits in the Tree Adjoining Grammar notation. The (The orthography uses the roman alphabet and Acquisition of Japanese as a Second Language” manuscript is the first work that a system of a few other symbols; it was developed by and the forth one: “Which is more Difficult for prosodically constrained syntax is proposed in the American missionary Robert H. Morse in the the Japanese Native Speaker to Master, literature, and it will create a sub-field of 1960’s, and is commonly used by the Rawangs.) Cantonese or English Prosody?” present rather linguistics in the study of human languages.

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The texts are given in this orthography. They are attestent près de cent consonnes initiales tandis present book is therefore to present an analysis of first presented unanalyzed side-by-side with a que d’autres n’en ont qu’une vingtaine, certaines the phonic substance (of both segmental and free English translation, section by section. Then langues attestent plus de cent rimes tandis que suprasegmental nature) of Japanese with a view each section is presented again in the standard d’autres en possèdent à peine une dizaine, to identifying and hierarchically classifying the four-line format (as spoken/morphemic certaines langues ont développé plus de seize tons functions that they fulfil in the phonic substance analysis/morpheme gloss/free translation). phonologiques tandis que d’autres n’en attestent of the language and making statements about the que trois. La glottalisation et le type de phonation actual workings of these functions in Japanese. ISBN 3 89586 783 7. Languages of the sont employés à une fin distinctive dans plusieurs The book basically falls into Part I and Part II, World/Text Collections 18. 300 pp. USD parlers. La phonation murmurée apparaît en each of which divides into chapters. Part I 117.20 / EUR 95.30 / GBP 81.00. 2001. relation avec d’anciennes initiales sonores dans la explains for the benefit of general readers the plupart des langues Hmong. Le déclenchement du theoretical framework, i.e. the framework of sandhi tonal, progressif dans la majorité des functional linguistics, in which the author's Folktales of China’s langues Hmong et régressif dans la majorité des phonological analysis of Japanese is carried out. langues Mjen, s’avère être fortement limité par The principles and procedures of a phonological Minhe Mangghuer des contraintes phonologiques et syntaxiques, analysis of languages, Japanese in the present aussi bien que par l’usage. case, from a functional point of view are set out. ZHU YONGZHONG (Zhongchuan Junior Notre description des quarante parlers To this end the author explains, by drawing on Middle School), WANG XIANZHENG Hmong-Mjen est suivie d’une partie comparative illustrations from English, the various concepts of (Qinghai Medical College), KEITH SLATER dans laquelle sont présentés les principaux types functional phonology that are necessarily invoked d’évolution des systèmes tonals et les tableaux de in analyzing the phonic substance of languages. (University of California) & KEVIN correspondances des tons, des initiales et des These concepts include 'functions', 'phonology', STUART (Qinghai Junior Teachers’ rimes. 'phonological opposition', 'exclusive opposition', College) 'commutation test', 'distinctive unit', 'relevant ISBN 3 89586 211 8. LINCOM Studies in In the east-central portion of Northwest China’s feature', 'phoneme', 'archiphoneme' and Asian Linguistics 07. 340 pp. USD 124.60 / 'neutralization'. Part II presents in detail the Qinghai Province dwell the majority of China's EUR 101.30 / GBP 86.10. 1998. Monguor (Tu) nationality, classified as one of author's own phonological analysis of Japanese China's fifty-six official ethnic groups and step by step, that is, by following the successive numbering 190,000 (1990). The 37,900 Minhe Chinese Historical analytical procedures, and not just the global Mangghuer, dwelling in Minhe Hui and results of his analysis. The phonemes of Japanese are identified through the commutation test, Mangghuer (Tu) County, are the second largest Phonology together with the relevant features which define Monguor group. A Compendium of Beijing and them, and the instances of the neutralization of Minhe Mangghuer (language) is of primarily Cantonese Pronunciations of the phonological oppositions are discovered, and Mongolic lexicon and morphosyntax while, at the Characters and their Derivations from the archiphonemes associated with the respective same time, exhibiting massive lexical and neutralizations defined in terms of the relevant phonological influences from Chinese. This Middle Chinese features. The suprasegmental parts dealt with in collection of more than twenty folktales are presented in the Mangghuer written system JOHN NEWMAN & ANAND V. RAMAN this book centre on what the author calls 'moraic (based on a modified pinyin system), English Massey University; John Hopkins unit' which has certain phonological as well as translation and extensive notes and provides phonetic implications in Japanese, and on various University accentual patterns which result from certain valuable linguistic materials on this endangered Monguor dialect that exists nowhere else. Map, manners in which accent in this language is This volume is an explicit summary of the realized. The book ends with the Conclusion, illustrations. phonological histories of Beijing and Cantonese followed by Notes, References and Index. dialects, based on earlier accounts proposed by ISBN 3 89586 254 1. Languages of the As can easily be seen from its title, this book Matthew Chen and John Newman and which can rightly be considered a sister volume to the World/Text Library 01. 280pp. USD 109.90 / appeared in the Journal of Chinese Linguistics EUR 89.30 / GBP 75.90. 2005. author's previous book, Japanese Phonetics: (1976, 1984/1985). Approximately 2,700 Theory and Practice (1997, Lincom Europa). In characters appear here with their Middle Chinese this book the phonic substance of Japanese is reconstructions (the 'Simplified Middle Chinese' presented in detail from an articulatory point of Les langues Hmong- reconstructions proposed by Chen) and arranged view. The functions of the phonic substance is Mjen (Miáo-Yáo). by their Middle Chinese rime, initial, and tone deliberately left out of the purview in anticipation class. For each character, the complete of the publication of this new and later book in derivations (as sequences of rule labels) from which Japanese phonology is presented from a Phonologie historique. Middle Chinese to Beijing pronunciation and functional point of view. from Middle Chinese to Cantonese pronunciation ARBARA IEDERER B N are given, including indications of exceptional ISBN 3 89586 544 3. LINCOM Studies in Centre de recherches linguistiques sur application or non-application of rules. A full Asian Linguistics 38. 360 pp. USD 124.60 / l’Asie Orientale, CNRS statement of the regular phonological rules EUR 101.30 / GBP 86.10. 2000. referred to in the derivations is provided. The

L’épanouissement que connaît la recherche sur meanings of the characters (in English) are also les langues Hmong-Mjen depuis une quinzaine included. A Hanyu Pinyin-Middle Chinese index Japanese Phonetics d’années a enrichi sensiblement nos enables the reader to determine the Middle connaissances sur cette famille linguistique. Les Chinese reconstruction from the Hanyu Pinyin Theory and Practice informations concernant les différentes langues representation. The detail of Beijing and sont toutefois dispersées dans des documents Cantonese phonological histories is here made TSUTOMU AKAMATSU hétérogènes, souvent difficilement accessibles, et accessible to linguists outside the specialist field University of Leeds aucune présentation d’ensemble n’a été tentée of Sinology. The material is explicit, jusqu’à ce jour. comprehensive, and transparent in a way which Japanese Pronunciation gives a detailed Nous nous sommes donc proposé will be appreciated by Sinologists and non- description of both the segmental elements in d’entreprendre une étude comparative des langues Sinologists alike. terms of articulatory phonetics and Hmong-Mjen en considérant ces sources dans suprasegmental elements of standard (Tokyo) leur totalité. Un tel travail de synthèse nous a ISBN 3 89586 543 5. LINCOM Studies in Japanese pronunciation and is intended for both paru constituer une étape préliminaire à des Asian Linguistics 27. 300 pp. USD 124.60 / professional specialists of Japanese and advanced recherches plus approfondies, auxquelles EUR 101.30 / GBP 86.10. 1999. foreign learners of Japanese interested in s’ajouteront nécessairement des enquêtes de acquiring an in-depth knowledge of facts about terrain. Notre aperçu vise, en effet, à mettre en Japanese pronunciation. Hints and advice for évidence les principaux problèmes encore en Japanese Phonology acquiring ‘intelligible’ Japanese pronunciation suspens dans le domaine de la phonologie are also found here and there as appropriate. historique Hmong-Mjen tout en révélant les A Functional Approach Chapter 1 is provided for the benefit of those lacunes dont pâtit encore notre documentation. readers who are not sufficiently familiar with Après la présentation des travaux antérieurs TSUTOMU AKAMATSU articulatory phonetics. Full articulatory effectués dans le domaine de la linguistique University of Leeds description of the vowels follows (Chapter 2). diachronique Hmong-Mjen, et la discussion de Full treatment is given of inter alia ’nasalized leurs résultats dans une perspective What crucially distinguishes this book from any vowel’, which is well known to present ethnohistorique, nous décrivons les systèmes others previously published on Japanese substantial and notorious difficulty to foreign phonologiques de quarante parlers Hmong-Mjen, phonology is that the approach adopted in this speakers of Japanese. en analysant leurs systèmes d’initiales, de rimes, book is functionalist. The author offers his own The Japanese consonants are individually de tons et, dans la mesure du possible, leur sandhi phonological analysis of current standard described (Chapter 3). Then all types of tonal. Japanese (of which he is a native speaker) from a combination involving vowels, semivowels and Notre examen révèle que certaines langues functional point of view. The objective of the consonants are studied (Chapter 4). Chapters 5 to

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8 deal with suprasegmental elements like rythm, 性動 詞＂和“作格動詞＂); commentary by the editors, who are specialists in accent and speech melody; the moraic structure of 臧克和(《尚書》語法.型補.). Bahnaric historical phonology and lexicography.

Japanese words is also treated as it relates to the question of rhythm. Finally, a summary of ISBN 3 89586 824 8. LINCOM Studies in ISBN 3 929075 56 3. Languages of the guideline is provided to help towards the Asian Linguistics 55. 260pp. USD 119.70 / World/Dictionaries 16. 150 pp. USD 93.10 / acquisition of 'intelligible' Japanese pronunciation EUR 97.30 / GBP 82.70. 2004. EUR 75.70 / GBP 64.40. 1998. (Chapter 9). The book ends with Conclusion, References and Index. Shanghai Tonetics Loven (Jruq) Con- ISBN 3 89586 095 6. LINCOM Studies in Asian Linguistics 03. 440 pp. USD 120.90 / solidated Lexicon EUR 98.30 / GBP 83.60. 1997. SEAN XIAONONG ZHU Australian National University PASCALE JACQ & PAUL SIDWELL Comparative West This study presents the first multi-speaker University of Melbourne acoustic investigation into the citation tones on Bahnaric Dictionary monosyllables (Chapters 4 to 8) and the sandhi tones on disyllables (Chapter 10) in Shanghai Loven (autonym Jruq, also known as Boloven or PASCALE JACQ & PAUL SIDWELL Chinese. It shows that using many speakers is Lawen) is a West-Bahnaric (Mon-Khmer) University of Melbourne necessary not only for phonetics, but also language. There are around 20,000 Loven living phonology. on the Boloven Plateau, Champasak province, The dictionary consolidates wordlists collected Both citation and disyllabic tones are southern Lao P.D.R. by Jacq and Sidwell during fieldwork to the Lao described in terms of the following dimensions: The consolidated lexicon is compiled from a PDR (1996 to 1998), plus some material from raw duration, normalised duration, raw number of sources, including the authors' 1998 other sources. The languages treated are Oi, fundamental frequency, and normalised fieldnotes, and secondary sources including: Cheng, Sapuon, Talieng, Kraseng, Nhaheun, fundamental frequency. Citation tones are also Lavallée's (1901 manuscript) vocabulary as Laveh, Loven and Alak. The listing is according described in raw intensity and normalised presented in Cabaton (1905), Phraya Prachakij- to semantic fields and includes both native intensity. karachak (1919, republished by Thomas & vocabulary and borrowings, with some The acoustic data collected from many Srichampa 1995), Bondet de la Bernadie (1949), etymological commentary. speakers show, among other thing, a great Ferlus (manuscript), Huffman (1971 manuscript) The introduction includes a discussion of the amount of between-speaker variations. To factor and Thomas & Andrianoff (1978 manuscript). current linguistic situation in the south of the Lao out these variations, various normalisation There are more than 1500 entries and a PDR, with maps and a listing of languages and methods for fundamental frequency, intensity and semantic index. The main entries are given villages where they are spoken. The recording duration are explored, and an appropriate one is according to the practical orthography developed and transcription of data is discussed, and some developed. Its superiority to the existing ones is by the authors, and are supported by subentries of brief remarks are made on the phonology and demonstrated. It is shown that highly constant the various forms as recorded in the sources. grammar of the languages. A preliminary genetic patterns underlie the very considerable surface There is also some etymological commentary classification based upon the lexical data is also variations. Only after these variations have been based on the authors recent comparative work, presented. A bibliography of West Bahnaric substantially reduced, can a tonetic model be and a description of the little known indigenous studies completes the introduction. proposed in order to sufficiently characterise the Loven writing system, which was used during the

tones in a linguistic variety and, hopefully, to 1920s and 1930s. ISBN 3 89586 558 3. Languages of the make between-variety comparison. World/Dictionaries 21. 250 pp. USD 114.80 / To account for the between-tone fundamental ISBN 3 89586 623 7. Languages of the EUR 93.30 / GBP 79.30. 2000. frequency variations in disyllabic tone sandhi World/Dictionaries 23. 130pp. USD 65.10 / (Chapter 10), a coordinate shift procedure is EUR 52.90 / GBP 45.00. 1999. developed and four phonetic realisation rules are Meaning and Form: Essays formulised. These reveal the underlying in Pre-Modern Chinese uniformity and simplicity of complicated surface Huzhu Mongghul manifestations. In addition, some phonological Grammar issues are discussed, especially the word Folklore geometry suggested for Shanghai phonology Texts & Translations K. TAKASHIMA & JIANG SHAOYU (eds.) (Chapter 2), and the relationship between phonetics and phonology (Chapter 11). Limusishiden (Qinghai Medical The 21 articles collected in this volume were first College) & Kevin Stuart (Qinghai presented to the Fourth International Conference ISBN 3 89586 584 2. LINCOM Studies in on Classical Chinese Grammar held in August, Asian Linguistics 32. 200 pp. USD 119.70 / Junior Teachers’ College) 2001, at UBC in Vancouver. The rejection rate of EUR 97.30 / GBP 82.70. 1999. the original papers submitted for publication China's Monguor (Tu) nationality, classified as consideration being about 40% ensured a high- one of China's fifty-six official ethnic groups, quality level of the papers. The authors of the Nhaheun - French - lives in the east-central portion of Northwest papers written in English include: Françoise China's Qinghai Province. For the first time, Bottéro (distinction between “noncompound English Lexicon wedding songs, funeral lamentations, folktales, characters” and “compound characters”); by MICHEL FERLUS jokes and riddles, and other songs are presented

Roderick Campbell (focus, classifiers and Edited and Annotated by in the Mongghul written system (based on a quantificational typology in early Chinese); modified pinyin system), English translation and Michael Friedrich (Georgvon der Gabelentz and PASCALE JACQ and PAUL SIDWELL extensive notes. The 57,000 Huzhu Mongghul synchronic linguistics); Zev Handel (今, 翌, and University of Melbourne (1990) are the largest Monguor group, speaking a language with many links to Mongol and greatly .as time demonstratives in OBI); Richard Lynn The present volume is a lexicon of Nhaheun, with influenced by Tibetan culture, especially in the (philosophical semantics of Chinese literary glosses in French and English, and etymological religious arena. Map, illustrations. thought); Chrystelle Maréchal (idioms and commentary in English. There are more than graphic identification in bronze inscriptions [BI]); 1500 entries. In total there are 160 pages, ISBN 3 89586 256 8. Languages of the Barbara Meinsternst (future tense in classical including introduction, transcription guide and World/Text Library 03. 350pp. USD 112.30 / Chinese); EdwinPulleyblank (“Only” in old semantic index. Nhaheun is a West Bahnaric EUR 91.30 / GBP 77.60. 1998. Chinese); Jingtao Sun (fission reduplication in language, and Bahnaric itself is a branch of Mon- old Chinese); Newell Van Auken (modal negative Khmer. Nhaheun is presently spoken by wu in classical Chinese); Shun-chiu Yau plantation farmers on the Boloven Plateau in the Huzhu Folklore (semiotics out of the past); Anne Yue (focus south of the Lao PDR. Materials for the lexicon markers in Zhongshan BI). The papers written in were collected in the 1960s and 70s, but until Selections Chinese are: now have not appeared in a consolidated listing. Texts & Translations 朱.祥(.研.甲骨文的方法); 董秀芳(從話題結構 To our knowledge existing published sources are 到複.結構：以“者＂和“所＂的功能演變為.) not as extensive as this list. Nhaheun is Limusishiden (Qinghai Medical phonologically divergent among West Bahnaric ; 郭錫.(先秦稱.法的發展); languages, in particular showing consonant College) & Kevin Stuart (Qinghai 江.生(時間詞“時＂與“後＂的語法化); lenitions which are not shared by its close Junior Teachers’ College) (eds.) .紹愚(受事主語.的發展與使役. relatives. Also Nhaheun is under strong Lao 到被動.的演變); influence. The lexicon is intended as a useful China's Monguor (Tu) nationality (1990 .貴生(古漢語中的「.之何」與「.何」); reference and data source for comparative population = 190,000) , classified as one of .曉虹(試.中 世漢語中的三音節子尾詞); linguistics. The latter is especially strengthened China's fifty-six official ethnic groups, lives in the east-central portion of Northwest China's 大西克也(施受同辭芻議─《史記》中的“中 by the inclusion of extensive etymological

54 ♦ LINCOM EUROPA• project line 20 • 2010 ASIAN LANGUAGES

Qinghai Province. The 57,000 Huzhu Mongghul description of the Wutun language, spoken by a of personal marking on the finite predicate. In the (1990) are the largest Monguor group, speaking a compact population of some 4,000 individuals at phonology, there are properties, including the language with many links to Mongol and greatly Wutun, Qinghai Province, China, also known as vowel system, which show an areal parallelism influenced by Tibetan culture, especially in the the Amdo region of ethnic Tibet. Wutun is an with Ewenki. religious arena. An extensive selection of folklore aberrant variety of Northwest Mandarin. Its basic materials written by Huzhu Mongghul has been vocabulary and the material resources of its ISBN 3 89586 226 6. Languages of the published over the last decade in a mimeographed grammar are mainly of a Chinese origin, but World/Materials 173. 66pp. USD 53.00 / EUR journal. Few complete collections of this material structurally it has almost completely adapted to 43.10 / GBP 36.60. 2005. remain. HUZHU FOLKLORE SELECTIONS its current linguistic environment, in which presents the great body of this material in a single various local varieties of Amdo Tibetan are the Mongghul-language collection with notes and a dominant oral idioms. Darkhat Table of Contents in English. The Mongghul Wutun may be characterized as a topic- written system is based on a modified pinyin prominent serial-verb language with a well- CSABA GÁSPÁR system. Map, illustrations. developed category of nominal case and a Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest complex system of complement verbs and ISBN 3 89586 257 4. Languages of the auxiliaries. Its other properties include a highly Darkhats live in Khöwsgöl, the northernmost World/Text Library 04. 500pp. 2 Vols. Each diversified consonant paradigm and the county of Mongolia, in the districts of USD 60.80 / EUR 49.40 / GBP 42.00. 2001. universally uncommon category of perspective. Rinchenlkhümbe, Ulaan uul, Bayandzürkh. Their The Wutun speakers are officially classified origin has not been cleared so far, it is not even to as members of the Tu nationality, but culturally be easily decided whether they are descendants of Korean Phonology they are closely connected with the Tibetan Turks or Mongols, it seems very likely by all A Principle-based Approach ethnicity. The locality of Wutun is an important means that they were living together with tribes center of Tibetan art and learning, Wutun remains of Turkic origin: this can be inferred from several DUCK-YOUNG LEE a living language supported by the whole local linguistic phenomena. Since they have been community of all generations. nomadising quite isolated in the high mountains The Australian National University Juha Janhunen is Professor of East Asian far from the centre, traditional culture and Languages and Cultures at the Institute for Asian shamanism could survive among them. This book presents an attempt to investigate and African Studies, University of Helsinki. major issues in Korean phonology in terms of Darkhat is considered as a dialect of the Marja Peltomaa and Erika Sandman are doctoral Khalkha, but bears the features of the Oirat, principles and elements, based on the framework candidates at the same institute. Xiawu of Government Phonology. It begins with an Buryat and Khalkha, as well. It resembles Oirat Dongzhou, a native speaker of Wutun, is a project for the labial attraction, both the Oirat and Buryat introductory section, describing central aspects of manager based in Xining, Qinghai Province, the framework, which include recent concerning the affixation and verbal inflexions, China. and its vocabulary contains numerous typical development in the theory with regard to the Oirat words, too. G. Sanzheyev, one of the few representation of ATR and coronals. An analysis ISBN 978 3 89586 026 3. Languages of the of a wide range of data in Korean phonology is linguists, who has given an outline of Darkhats’ World/Materials 466. 136pp. USD 63.40 / language, said, “[…] Darkhat can be regarded as then provided. In dealing with data involving EUR 51.50 / GBP 43.80 2008. vowels, the study first discusses vowel harmony, a modern form of Oirat.” which has traditionally been treated as the result Peculiar distinguishing feature of the Darkhat of the harmonic opposition between 'light vowels' Khamnigan Mongol is its peculiar intonation, tune, some phonetic and and 'dark vowels'. It address some unsolved morphological properties, and its special vocabulary. problems in previous analyses by proposing a UHA ANHUNEN phonological operation called 'A-head alignment'. J J The author's object is to give a comprehensive This will be followed by an element-based University of Helsinki description of Darkhat dialect, using the results of analysis of vowel coalescence and earlier researches as well as the newest materials diphthongisation. Khamnigan Mongol is a Mongolic language used collected on the expeditions of the Inner Asian It will be shown that a phonological operation as the principal community language of the Department of Eötvös Loránd University since Khamnigan, an ethnic group in the Amur source 1991 up to now. called 'Nuclear Fusion' and asymmetry in the spreading properties of the vocalic elements 'I' region, in the borderzone of China, Russia, and ISBN 3 89586 696 2. Languages of the and 'U' in Korean have a crucial role in the Mongolia. The only vigorous community of World/Materials 419. 60pp. USD 50.60 / EUR analysis. The second half of the book is devoted Khamnigan Mongol speakers (ca. 2,000 people) 41.10 / GBP 34.90. 2006. to discussions of issues involved in consonantal today lives in the basins of the Mergel and Imin clusters, such as tensification, lenition, rivers of Hulun Buir League, Inner Mongolia, nasalisation and vowel epenthesis, etc. It outlines China. the mechanisms as to under what conditions these Khamnigan Mongol remained virtually A Grammar of phenomena take place and how each phenomenon unexplored until the 1950s, when preliminary field surveys were made of its last speakers in Shanghai Wu is connected to each other. These mechanisms will be discussed in conjunction with the northeastern Mongolia and Russian IAONONG HU possibility that consonantal clusters may occur in Transbaikalia. The Khamnigan community in X Z two onsets that are separated by a nuclear China, officially classified as a local group of the Hong Kong University of Science and position which does not contain any phonetic Ewenki nationality, was only identified in the Technology realisation (i.e. an empty nucleus). The important 1980s. The present description is based on the point is that onsets surrounding an empty nucleus variety of Khamnigan Mongol spoken by the The Wu dialect of Chinese is used by 80 million are in a governing relation (i.e. interonset Khamnigan in China. people in eastern China. Shanghai is the lingua government) in Korean, and an intervening empty As a Mongolic language, Khamnigan Mongol franca of Wu, and is the least conservative among nucleus maintains its null status during derivation is characterized by exceptional conservativeness, Wu dialects. if the surrounding two onsets form the governing in that it lacks most of the innovations that This book is a descriptive grammar of relation. Tensification and neutralisation are separate the neighbouring Mongolic languages, Shanghai Wu, concise but comprehensive. It manifestations of interonset government, while including Mongol proper, Buryat, and Dagur, covers various topics in Shanghai grammar: the the failure of the government results in vowel from their Proto-Mongolic ancestor. Khamnigan phonological system, morphology, and syntax. In epenthesis or nasalisation. Mongol is therefore of considerable importance addition, two special topics in Shanghai grammar, for the diachronic study of the entire Mongolic tone sandhi and compounding, are included. Tone ISBN 3 89586 220 7. LINCOM Studies in language family. It also provides an interesting sandhi in Shanghai is a morpho-phonological Asian Linguistics 12. 250 pp. USD 96.80 / case for the study of the phenomenon of linguistic process to produce prosodic words, while EUR 78.70 / GBP 66.90. 1998. conservativeness, in general. compounding is a syntactic means to make Another important property of Khamnigan lexical words. Mongol is its close and prolonged symbiosis with Like other Chinese dialects, Shanghai is an the Ewenki language within the Khamnigan isolating language. There is no grammatical community. A large part of the Khamnigan in agreement or case markers, nor tense, gender or Grammars: China today still speak ethnospecific forms of numeral differences, or anything like those called Ewenki as their other native language. The two inflection in European languages. That does not languages have long interacted at the social and mean there are no morphological processes at all: Wutun linguistic levels, with various kinds of reduplication, tone sandhi, and affixation are interference phenomena as a result. common in Shanghai. Of course, compounding is JUHA JANHUNEN, MARJA PELTOMAA, Due to its conservativeness, Khamnigan the most productive in making new words. Mongol is structurally close to Middle Mongol, Morphologically and syntactically Shanghai ERIKA SANDMAN, XIAWU DONGZHOU though some of its morphosyntactic features also has something different from Mandarin. For University of Helsinki resemble Buryat. Like Buryat and Dagur, but example, adjective reduplication in Shanghai is unlike most other Mongolic languages, AAB, while it is ABB in Mandarin. The word This is the first ever systematic grammatical Khamnigan Mongol has a fully-developed system order in Shanghai is ‘V + direct O + indirect O’,

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different from Mandarin’s ‘V + indirect O + lexemes rather than grammatical forms of another Tibeto-Burman language family. Other members direct O’. stem. The only verbal inflectional categories are of this branch include Phunoi, Sangkong, Mpi, The author, Xiaonong Zhu, is currently tense (past/non-past), mood (indicative and Pyen. This is an English translation of a teaching at the Hong Kong University of Science /imperative), and agreement in person, class, and linguistic description of the Bisu spoken in and Technology. He published widely in Chinese number with at most two grammatical terms. Yunnan Province in southwestern China. The historical phonology, Chinese dialectology, and Particles convey other temporal and modal original Chinese text was written by Xu Shixuan experimental phonetics. nuances. Most morphemes are roots or of the Institute of Nationality Studies of the grammatical inflections. With so few derivational Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, as part of TABLE OF CONTENTS affixes, compounding is the most prevalent the series Newly-Discovered Languages in China. technique of lexeme creation. Redundant The volume analyses and describes Bisu in 1. INTRODUCTION inflections also play a role in stem formation. terms of its structure, its relationship to other

2. SYLLABLE AND PHONOLOGY This is manifested most obviously in the verb, but languages in the same family, and its socio- 2.1. Introduction occurs in the noun too. cultural background, presenting a comprehensive 2.2. Initials Despite its isolate status, Ket shares certain and systematic overview of the language. There 2.3. Finals areal features with its Uralic, Turkic, and are extensive discussions of the origins and forms 2.3.2. Rhymes Tungusic neighbors. These include a nominal of loan words in Bisu, a detailed description of its 2.4. Tones paradigm containing a dozen cases and a dialects, as well as numerous charts of Burmese- 2.5. Transcriptions propensity to use postpositions or case suffixes as Yipho cognates. The two appendices include a 2.6. Phonotactics clausal subordinators. lexicon of over 2,000 words and three Bisu odes. 2.7. Syllable Ket is spoken today by a few hundred of the This thorough description of one of the lesser- 1,200 Ket people, mainly in remote areas near the known minority languages of China provides an 3. TONE SANDHI AND PROSODIC WORD Yenisei River in the Turukhansk District of excellent record of a language whose speaker 3.1. Introduction Russia's Krasnoyarsk Province. Most speakers are numbers are declining. In addition, the distinctive 3.2. Left-Dominant Sandhi adults who know Russian fluently too. features of Bisu and the effects of contact with 3.3. Right-Dominant Sandhi This book contains the first full-length other languages such as Thai and Dai can offer 3.4. Tone Sandhi And Stress description of Ket to appear in English. It covers new perspectives in the investigation of Tibeto-

4. WORD AND MORPHOLOGY all aspects of the phonology, morphology and Burman languages. 4.1 Introduction syntax of Southern Ket (the dialect with the most 4.2. Nominal Mophology speakers), and briefly discusses the traditional ISBN 3 89586 346 7. Languages of the 4.3. Verbs And Other Parts Of Speech culture and its characteristic vocabulary. Also World/Materials 411. 280pp. USD 105.40 / included is a previously unpublished folktale with EUR 85.70 / GBP 72.90. 2001. 5. COMPOUNDS interlinear morpheme glosses and an English 5.1. Introduction translation. 5.2. Subject-Predicate Compounds 5.3. Coordinate Compounds ISBN 3 89586 221 5. Languages of the Peking Mandarin 5.4. Subordinate Compounds 5.5. Verb-Object Compounds World/Materials 204. 109pp. USD 61.40 / EUR 49.90 / GBP 42.40. 2004. DINGXU SHI 5.6. Verb-Complement Compounds Hong Kong Polytechnic University 5.7. Verb-Localizer Compounds 5.8. Complex Compounds Spoken Karay The book is a descriptive grammar of Peking 6. SYNTAX Mandarin, the Chinese dialect spoken in the 6.1. Introduction (Trakai Dialect) capital of China. It is a reference grammar for 6.2. Word Order learners of Mandarin but is also designed for 6.3. Phrasal Structure TIMUR KOCAOĞLU, Koç University those who are interested at Peking Mandarin and 6.4. Sentence Types In collaboration with Mykolas Firkovicius its special features. It is comprehensive because it 6.5. Complex Sentences will cover all aspects of Peking Mandarin, i.e., its 6.6. Compound Sentences Karay (Karaim) is one of the endangered history and evolution, its sound system, word and

7. SAMPLE TEXTS languages of the world. It belongs to the Kipchak phrase structures, sentence structures, special 7.1. A Story About The North Wind And The branch of the Turkic languages. Today, only 20 sentence patterns and discourse features. It is also Sun persons can speak and write fluently in Karay out selectively in depth because issues not dealt with 7.2. Father’s Riddles of ca. 2,500 people who are believed to preserve in most Mandarin grammar books will be given their ethnic identity in various countries special attention here. The most prominent issues REFERENCES, ABBREVIATIONS (Lithuania, Poland, Crimea in Ukraine, Turkey, to be discussed are the parallelism between the Israel, France, and the US). The present work is a internal structure of compounds, phrases and ISBN 3 89586 900 7 (Hardbound). LINCOM handbook for the spoken Karay language of the sentences; the complex predicates, the relatively Studies in Asian Linguistics 66. 290pp. USD Trakai dialect in Lithuania apart from the Halich free word order and its semantic implications; the 139.40 / EUR 113.30 / GBP 96.30. 2006. and the Crimean dialects of Karay. The Karay complex sentences; the after thought structure; phrases based on the spoken Karay were the focus and topic constructions; the prevalence prepared in 1999 by the spiritual leader of the of phonetically null forms and the recovery of Ket Lithuanian Karays, Mykolas Firkovicius who their reference or signifié; and the dependency EDWARD J. VAJDA died in 2000, and were translated into English between syntax and semantics, discourse and Western Washington University by Timur Kocaoğlu. The handbook is consisted pragmatics. of an introduction to the Karay language followed The author Dingxu Shi is an associate Ket is the only surviving member of the formerly by a grammatical description of the spoken Karay professor of Chinese linguistics at the Hong Kong widespread Yeniseic family and one of the based on the Trakai dialect of Lithuania, 800 Polytechnic University. He does research on world's more intriguing language isolates. Its Karay phrases in both Lithuanian and Turkic syntax, interface strategy, and language contact phonology, vocabulary, and grammar differ Latin alphabets with their English translations, and language change. strikingly from the surrounding families. A and the Karay-English word list with full system of five phonemic tones, apparently grammatical index, plus bibliography. derived from simplified consonant articulations, ISBN 3 89586 825 6. Languages of the World/Materials 377. 132pp. USD 68.80 / mark the beginning of each phonological word. ISBN 3 89586 490 0. Languages of the Agreement-related inflections reflect a tripartite EUR 55.90 / GBP 47.50. 2004. World/Materials 458. 220pp. USD 94.40 / noun-class division based on animacy and EUR 76.70 / GBP 65.20. 2006. gender. The polysynthetic verb contains ten Daur position classes and involves a variety of distinct agreement patterns: active/inactive, ergative/ The Bisu Language CHAOLU WU (ÜJIYEDIN CHULUU) absolutive, nominative/accusative, and two that employ redundant subject markers. Each stem XU SHIXUAN Daur belongs to the Mongolic branch of Altaic selects one of these strategies as part of its lexical languages and is spoken by a small number of makeup. The co-indexed subject and object NPs Institute of Nationality Studies, people, approximately 94,014, in the Inner are zero-marked regardless of the verb's Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Mongolian Autonomous Region, Heilongjiang, agreement type. Incorporation affects certain and the Xinjiang Uigur Autonomous Region in intransitive subjects, as well as objects, CECILIA BRASSETT (TRANS.) the People's Republic of China. instruments, and directional adverbs. Important The present monograph begins with an derivational categories include event number A transnational language, Bisu is spoken in the introduction to a brief sociolinguistic background (punctual vs. iterative) and transitivity, with border areas of China, Thailand, Myanmar, and of Daur and its contact situation with transitive and intransitive stems normally Laos. It was first described in Thailand in the neighbouring languages, including the differing in some formal way. Causatives, 1960s, and is an important member of the Bisoid Manchu-Tungusic languages and the Mongolian inceptives, and even infinitives are distinct branch of the Burmese-Yipho group within the languages. This is followed by an outline of Daur

56 ♦ LINCOM EUROPA• project line 20 • 2010 ASIAN LANGUAGES phonology and a more detailed discussion of The book constitutes the first grammatical ISBN 3 89586 859 0. Languages of the Morphology. Daur provides an interesting data to overview of Tundra Yukaghir to be published in World/Materials 429. 60pp. USD 51.80 / the Morphological studies. It has both complex English. It is based on previous studies EUR 42.10 / GBP 35.80. 2004. nominal morphological features and verbal (Krejnoviè 1958, 1982), the author's own field marking systems. In particular, its case marking notes (1987, settlement Andryushkino) and and verbal marking systems will be presented analysis of texts archived in the Yakut branch of Kazak with an emphasis on their sentence functions and Russian Academy of Sciences. morphological variants. The sketch also includes a brief discussion of the syntactical properties of ISBN 3 89586 792 6. Languages of the SOMFAI DÁVID KARA Daur in relevance to noun phrase and clause World/Materials 372. 100pp. USD 58.90 / Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest structure. Finally, the sketch includes a biblio- EUR 47.90 / GBP 40.70. 2003. graphy of the selected works on Daur and a Kazak is a Turkic language, it is spoken by some sample text with interlinear transcription and 11 million people in Kazakstan and its translation. Udeghe neighboring countries (Russia, Mongolia, China, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan). It is spoken on a huge territory between Tibet and the Volga River, ISBN 3 89586 015 8. Languages of the ALBINA H. GIRFANOVA Siberia and the Kara-Kum desert. Kazak belongs World/Materials 93. 60pp. USD 51.80 / EUR Institute of Linguistics, to the Kypchak group of Turkic Languages, 42.10 / GBP 35.80. 1996. Russian Academy of Sciences, St.Petersburg which was once the „Lingua Franca” of the western part of the Mongol Empire. For this Dhankute Tamang The present work provides a brief grammatic reason Kazak have strong ties with other Turkic description of the Udeghe language, one of the languages of Inner and Central Asia, Kyrgyz, Grammar Tungus-Manchu languages which is spoken in the Kazan-Tatar (Volga-Bulgar), Uzbek etc. border areas of Russia and China in the Far East. This present material of the Kazak language is an up-to-date grammar, based on the author’s ten- KEDAR PRASAD POUDEL It is an unwritten language which is a vernacular for the 3% of the ethnic Udeghe. Udeghe had a year research among the Kazaks of Kazakstan English Department, Mahendra Multiple brief and very restricted circulation as a written and other neighboring countries. Campus, Dharan, Nepal language in the early 1930s. The present During that time the author himself mastered grammatical sketch consists of three major parts. the language and paid special attention to Most Tamang people settle around Kathmandu The introduction deals with "General socio- and colloquial Kazak and the usage of the changing Valley. Some of them have migrated to the geolinguistic data of the Udeghe language". language. In this present work he summarized up eastern and western hilly regions of the country. The first part "Phonology" contains the his observation, especially about TAM (Tense- Tamang belongs to the Tibeto-Burman branch of description of phonological specific features of Mood-Aspect) Categories of the Kazak Verb Sino-Tibetan language family. Dhankute Tamang Udeghe: glottal stop (the Udeghe Language is the Morphology and Auxiliary Verb Formations, spoken in the far eastern district Dhankuta has not only Tungusic language having this feature) and which are the basic aspects of understanding been studied so far. The population of Dhankute the vowel harmony violation. The second part colloquial Kazak, as well as Kazak literature. The Tamangs is 11,932 (CBS 2001). Nepali is their contains the description of the Udeghe author also gives numerous examples to illustrate lingua franca and medium of education. Its morphology system (e.g. the Udeghe is the only the usage of these morphological aspects. The neighboring languages are Limbu, Rai, Magar Tungusic language where the opposition of phonology part explains some phonetic changes and Newar. evidentuality/non-evidentuality is expressed on that can be observed only in spoken Kazak, but The general objective of this study is to the surface morphological level). The third part writing does not indicate them. present a description of a Dhankute Tamang, "Syntax" gives the information of the word order, specifically its phonology, morphology and clause structure, clause chaining, noun phrases, ISBN 3 89586 470 6. Languages of the syntax. verb serialization of the Udeghe language. The World/Materials 417. 60pp. USD 51.80 / This study consists of 4 chapters. Chapter 1 last part contains a folklore text with an English EUR 42.10 / GBP 35.80. 2002. presents the introductory remarks. Chapter 2 translation and the relevant bibliography. The describes the phonology. Chapter 3 deals with the author widely uses the data received during lexicon and Chapter 4 describes the syntax. several expeditions. Written Oirat This work has been entirely based on the author’s field work. ATTILA RÁKOS ISBN 3 89586 524 9. Languages of the Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest ISBN 3 89586 488 9. Languages of the World/Materials 255. 57pp. USD 54.30 / EUR World/Materials 454. 195pp. USD 93.10 / 44.10 / GBP 37.50. 2002. EUR 75.70 / GBP 64.40. 2006. The Written Oirat language and the Oirat script were created in 1648 by the Oirat Zaya Pandita, Classical Mongolian Oqtorγuyin Dalai. On the basis of the traditional Tundra Yukaghir Uigur-Mongolian script he prepared a new writing system (Oir. todorxoi üzüq ’Clear ALICE SÁRKÖZI Script’), which has eliminated the deficiencies of ELENA MASLOVA Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest that (ambiguity of some letters, lack of long Stanford University vowels, etc.) using diacritical marks and new letters, so the new script was suitable to Tundra Yukaghir is one of the extant Yukaghir The present work is a brief grammar of Classical accurately indicate the vocalic system of the languages, two highly threatened languages Mongolian, or, in other words, Written contemporary spoken Mongolian. Beside the new spoken in the north-east of Russia. Yukaghir is Mongolian that has been the literary language of script Zaya Pandita created a new literary considered by different scholars either as a all the Mongols (Khalkhas, Oirats, Buriats, language with new orthography, and he intended genetic isolate or as a distant relative of the Kalmüks, etc). It has never been spoken in this it for a common Mongolian literary language, Uralic family, and is therefore crucial to form and served as the language of books. Today however it could spread only among the Oirats reconstruction of prehistory of Siberia and, a little modified version of this written language (Western Mongols). Although this literary potentially, of the Uralic family; for the same is used in Inner Mongolia, in the Xinjiang language was close to the spoken language in reason, it is almost a must in any sample-based Autonom territory. They write and publish books some aspects, it had many features inherited from research on cross-linguistic variability. In a in the Uighur script, however the pronunciation is Written Mongolian. It had strict rules in its number of ways, Tundra Yukaghir is similar to far from the written form. Nowadays, the Uighur original form and was used mostly for Buddhist the languages of the region. It is a predominantly script is going to be reintroduced in the texts, but shortly spread in wider range (codes, head-final language with agglutinating Mongolian Republic, it is taught in the documents, historical works, folk-religious texts, morphology. Clause-linking strategies are based elementary school side by side with the Cyrillic etc.), and became under the strong influence of on a variety of non-finite verb forms; scrip. the spoken language. The monuments of Written Mongolian cover coordination and balancing strategies are virtually Up to the 20th century Written Oirat was the absent. However, there is a number of significant large-scale literary forms: inscriptions, Buddhist sûtras, historical chronicles, folklore texts, and literary language of the Oirats of Western differences, including but not limited to a Mongolia and Eastern Turkestan, as well as of the morphological Focus-marking system, a set of poetical and prosaic works of poets and writers of Kalmyks. Later on the Oirats of Xinjiang used it topic-introducing devices based on non-finite the centuries. This short grammar may help forms of copula, absence of grammaticalized anybody interested in Mongolian culture to get only, but few years ago they partly replaced it closer to these literary monuments. with Uigur-Mongolian script. past/present distinction, a specialized cross- reference marker of non-reflexive Possessor The work was carried out in the framework of opposed to reflexive possessive pronouns. The the project of description of grammars of the ISBN 3 89586 471 4. Languages of the Focus system, which also saliently affects the Altaic languages fulfilled by the members of the World/Materials 418. 60pp. USD 51.80 / case alignment, and the tense/aspect/mood system Research Group of Altaic Studies of the EUR 42.10 / GBP 35.80. 2002. constitute two major domains of grammatical Hungarian Academy of Science and the divergence between the two Yukaghir languages, Department of Inner Asian Studies of the Eötvös Tundra and Kolyma Yukaghir. Loránd Tudományegyetem of Budapest.

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There is also a phonemically marginal series of The Tujia Language long nasalized vowels. Tuvan has only one A Grammar of Athpare inflectional series for verbs, prefering enclitic CECILIA BRASSETT, PHILIP BRASSETT, pronominals in most forms (in main clauses). KAREN EBERT MEIYAN LU Large numbers of Mongolisms and Mongolian University of Zürich derivational affixes are found, the latter often The Tujia people group is the sixth largest ethnic appearing with Turkic roots. Russian loans are Athpare is a Kiranti language spoken in a few minority in China, numbering over 8 million. also numerous, and in the speech of certain villages around Dhankuta in eastern Nepal. The However, the Tujia language is now only spoken younger residents of Kyzyl, contact-induced number of speakers is probably less than 2000, by about 70,000 people, a figure that represents restructuring can be observed. but unlike other small Kiranti languages, Athpare less than 1% of the total Tujia population. These is still learned by children. speakers live in the northern half of the Xiangxi ISBN 3 89586 528 1. Languages of the Athpare has SOV word order, all modifiers Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in World/Dictionary 28. 176pp. USD 90.70 / precede their head. The verb morphology is northwestern Hunan Province. The language was EUR 73.70 / GBP 62.70. 2003. highly complex; subject and object person markers are realized partly as prefixes, partly as once spoken throughout the areas inhabited by the Tujia, which comprise a region of 100,000 suffixes. There are separate number suffixes and square miles straddling the common borders of Tyvan tense markers, some of them followed by a copy Hunan, Hubei, and Guizhou Provinces, and of the person marker. Periphrastic tense-aspects Chongqing Municipality. In view of the present (perfect and progressive) are fully rate of decrease in language use, Tujia is K. DAVID HARRISON & GREGORY grammaticalized. Athpare is morphologically considered to be an endangered language. DAVID ANDERSON ergative, with a split between 1st person and the Tujia is a member of the Tibeto-Burman Yale University, University of Manchester rest. Minimal use is made of nonfinite verb family of languages, but its specific genetic forms: Compound verbs consist of two verbs affiliation remains unclear. Its phonology is Tyvan (aka Tuvan/Tuvinian) is spoken by 150- marked for person and tense, subordinators extremely similar to the local Chinese dialect. 200,000 people in the Republic of Tyva in south follow inflected verbs. The Athpare data are from Tujia syllables are of the CV type, with most centra Siberia. Tyvan (along with the closely a short field trip to Dhankuta. There are no vowels having nasalised variants. There are four related Tofalar) stand out among the Turkic previous descriptions of Athpare except for some tones and sandhi is common. The basic word languages in several ways. data used in earlier publications by the author. order is SOV. There is an abundance of verb Tyvan has three sets of phonemic vowels: ISBN 3 89586 146 4. LINCOM Studies in particles, which indicate aspect, modality, plain, long, and creaky voice. Word-initially directionality, negation, and relevance. Asian Linguistics 01. 270pp. USD 118.50 / EUR obstruents exhibit a contrast between 96.30 / GBP 81.90. 1997. Adjectives do not exist as a distinct category and unaspirated/aspirated or voiced/voiceless, conjunctions are rare. depending on the speaker. There is also a This grammar of the northern dialect of Tujia phonemically marginal series of long nasalized A Grammar of is based on research conducted in Xiangxi over vowels. Tyvan has only one inflectional series for an 18-month period from 2002 to 2003. It is the verbs, prefering enclitic pronominals in most Mandarin Chinese first in-depth analysis of the Tujia language that forms (in main clauses). has been written in the English language. The Large numbers of Mongolisms and HUA LIN book offers a comprehensive and systematic Mongolian derivational affixes are found, the overview of the language and includes a lexicon latter often appearing with Turkic roots. Russian University of Victoria of over 1,500 vocabulary items as well as three loans are also numerous, and in the speech of Mandarin Chinese is the official language in traditional texts. This description of one of the certain younger residents of Kyzyl, contact- China, Taiwan and Singapore, and the language lesser-known minority languages of China should induced restructuring can be observed. This study with the largest number of native speakers. In also provide a useful record of a language which is a description of present day Tyvan, particularly recent years, Mandarin usage has spread even is currently in decline. as used in the capital city of Kyzyl. This is the further: it is now taught in most schools in Hong first field-based study of Tyvan available in Kong, and with the influx of immigrants to the ISBN 3 89586 995 3. Languages of the English and the first description of Kyzyl Tyvan West from China and Taiwan, many parts of the World/Materials 455. 220pp. USD 96.80 / in any language. world including Canada, the United States, EUR 78.70 / GBP 66.90. 2006. Australia, and Europe have seen a steady increase ISBN 3 89586 529 X. Languages of the in the number of speakers. Mandarin is not a World/Materials 257. 80pp. USD 61.40 / EUR homogeneous language; any grammar that tries to 49.90 / GBP 42.40. 1999. describe it needs to select one region as its focus. Tuvan dictionary In this book, the focus will be on Mandarin as is spoken in its motherland of Northern China, K. DAVID HARRISON & GREGORY Manipuri Grammar especially the Chinese capital of Beijing.

DAVID ANDERSON The book will begin by an introduction to the Yale University, University of Manchester D.N.S BHAT & M.S. NINGOMBA geographic characteristics, dialects and historical Central Institute of Indian Languages development of the language. This will be This dictionary consists of approximately 5-6,000 followed by Mandarin phonetics and phonology. basic vocabulary items of Tuvan, a Turkic Manipuri (called Meiteilon in the language itself) Topics covered include the syllable, tones, the language of south central Siberia. is a Tibeto-Burman language belonging to the consonants, the vowels, the glides and, more The lexicon of Tuvan is charcterized by a Kuki-Chin subgroup. The language is spoken importantly, how these interact to create the larger number of Mongolian loans than in other primarily in the valley region of the State of sound structure of the language. A description of Turkic languages of southern Siberia. Modern Manipur, Índia (ca. 700,000 speakers, ca. 300,000 the morphology will follow, addressing special Tuvan has also borrowed extensively from speakers in Burma, ca. 100,000 speakers in features of the language in terms of Russian, though less than neighboring Altai-Sa Assam, ca. 50,000 in Bangladesh and 30,000 in compounding, reduplication, word stress, and yan Turkic languages. There are also a number of Tripura). disyllabicity. The remainder of the book will be loans in Tuvan from Chinese, Tibetan, and even The grammar of Manipuri shows a number of devoted to Mandarin syntax. It will first outline Sanskrit, though usually through a Mongolian interesting typological characteristics: There are the major parts of speech and the major types of intermediary; these words are predominantly in only two major lexical categories, namely nouns phrases; then it will focus on some salient the religious or political spheres, or refer to and verbs, with adjectives and adverbs merging syntactic features, including the topic-comment cultural items diffused from those areas. rather unrecognizably with verbs. Inflectional structure, the serial-verb construction, and the de- Finally there are a small number of words in markers also split into two distinct categories, construction. The book will end with two sample Tuvan from other, now extinct (and in part namely nominal and verbal inflections with texts, each accompanied by interlinear translation assimilated to Tuvan linguistically), languages exclusive membership. and free translation. belonging to the Yeniseian and Samoyed The volume contains 14 chapters: families. Thus, the lexicon of Tuvan reflects the Introduction, Phonology, Word-formation, ISBN 3 89586 642 3. Languages of the diverse and complex history of socio-cultural Sentence structure, Nominal category, Use of World/Materials 344. 200pp. USD 84.50 / EUR 68.70 / GBP 58.40. 2001. contacts of the Tuvan people. case suffixes, Verbal category, Directional and Tuvan (aka Tuvan/Tuvinian) is spoken by deictic verb distinctions, Valency patterns, Tense, 150-200,000 people in the Republic of Tuva in aspect and mood, Modyfying constructions, south central Siberia. Tuvan (along with the Complementation, Illocutionary distinctions. Kunming Chinese closely related Tofalar) stand out among the Turkic languages in several ways. Tuvan has ISBN 3 89586 191 X. LINCOM Studies in MING CHAO GUI three sets of phonemic vowels: plain, long, and Asian Linguistics 04. 480pp. USD 119.70 / University of Oklahoma creaky voice. Word-initially obstruents exhibit a EUR 97.30 / GBP 82.70. 1997. Kunming Chinese, commonly regarded as lingua contrast between unaspirated/aspirated or franca of Yunnan province, is a major variety of voiced/voiceless, depending on the speaker.

58 ♦ LINCOM EUROPA• project line 20 • 2010 ASIAN LANGUAGES

Yunnanese, a member of Southwestern morphological and analytic means. Stems: weak speaks Evenki. Mandarin. Based primarily on the linguistic and strong, light and heavy, simple and This monograph provides an overview of typology and geographic distribution, Kunming derivative. Primary stems: positive, negative, Evenki phonology, morphology and syntax. Chinese has been further classified in one of the possibilitive, impossibilitive. Secondary stems: Evenki is characterized by strong agglutination, four major subgroups of Yunnanese: Central Active, passive, reflexive, reciprocal, adjutative, vowel harmony, verb-final (SOV) word order, Yunnan group. Kunming Chinese, as well as all cooperative, causative, desiderative, similative, and the use of postpositions. Nouns inflect for the dialects in Yunnan province, has a long transitive, ditransitive, intransitive. Coordinated case, number and possession; Standard Evenki history of development, which can probably be [serialized] stems. Compound stems. has 12 cases. The verbal system morphologically traced back to Qin and Han dynasties. The Finite forms: person (first, second, and third), marks tense, mood, person and number, aspect languages of twenty-four ethnic groups inhabiting number (singular and plural). Structure: stems, and Aktionsarten as well as voice. Furthermore, in the same speech community also play a very particles, themes, personal signs. Evenki possesses a complex system of important role in the development of Kunming Tenses: Present, future, past. Moods: participles, supines and gerunds. Chinese. Until now Kunming Chinese remains a imperative, voluntative, indicative, optative, In addition to the grammatical sketch and a less studied dialect and no complete work has conditional, temporal. Aspects: perfect, sample text, discussion of the current been done on its major grammatical aspects, imperfect, progressive. sociolinguistic situation of Evenki is provided as especially morphology and syntax. Negation: Negative stems, and negative well, with special attention to the Evenki dialect This book is intended to provide a descriptive particles are used. Affirmation by affirmative continuum and the status of Evenki as an account for the grammar of Kunming Chinese as particles and adverbs. Traces of an honorific ‘endangered’ language. spoken in Kunming city and its vicinities. The system: lexical, suffixal means. major topics discussed are: phonetics and Nonfinite forms: Verbal nouns (agent nouns, ISBN 3 89586 222 3. Languages of the phonology; the phonological developments in the action nouns infinitives). Gerunds (imperfect, World/Materials 141. 60pp. USD 51.80 / past sixty years; morpheme categories and word antecedental, inceptive, purposive, resolutive, EUR 42.10 / GBP 35.80. 1999. formation; grammatical categories, syntactic terminative, compensative, copulative, negative. categories; sentence types and structures. Participles (past, present, aorist: positive, Special discussions are given to the negative, necessitative, agental, resultative and Kodava idiosyncratic features of the dialect: fronting and status-related). ¢ deletion of nasal in nasal rhymes, loss of rhotic Adverbs have no special category markers. initial series, breathy phonation; infix, the There is no strict class boundary between adverbs KAREN EBERT function and loss of “-er” suffix, word blending, and adjectives. There are simple, derivative, and University of Zürich reduplication and its interaction with tone change; phrasal adverbs. question words and question formation. The Six types of noun phrases. Sentence structure: Kod¢ava is a South Dravidian language spoken by book also features an interlinear text with Simple [nominal, verbal], expanded and approximately 70,000 people in Coorg, transcription and translation demonstrating the compound sentences. Clause structure: finite, Karnataka. Although some Kod¢ava claim that major features discussed. nonfinite. Clause chaining: coordination by they speak a dialect of Kannada, their language is juxtapositon, connective gerunds, and closer to Tamil. The Kannada script is used for conjunctions. Subordination: The main sentence. writing Kod¢ava. Kod¢ava shares all the well- ISBN 3 89586 634 2. Languages of the Relative clauses, completive clauses. known traits of South Dravidian languages, such World/Materials 340. 116pp. USD 58.90 / EUR as exclusively suffixing morphology, strict SOV 47.90 / GBP 40.70. 2000. ISBN 3 89586 563 X. Languages of the word order with modifiers preceding their head, World/Materials 155. 270 pp. USD 118.50 / dative subjects, the use of converbs and EUR 96.30 / GBP 81.90. 2001. participles in subordination. Apart from the A Grammar of Chagatay retroflex consonants Kod¢ava has central vowel phonemes. Xakas Earlier publications on Kod¢ava are a grammar ANDRÁS J. E. BODROGLIGETI from 1867 and articles on the vowels and on University of California, Los Angeles GREGORY DAVID ANDERSON morphophonemic processes in verb stems. This University of Manchester description is based on work with a native An acrolect of the Central Asian Turks from the speaker. fifteenth to the late nineteenth century, the Xakas is a Turkic language spoken by 70,000 Chagatay language was a multilayered literary people in south central Siberia. ISBN 3 89586 038 7. Languages of the idiom employed in Transoxiana, Khorasan Xakas is a cover term created in the early 20th World/Materials 104. 57pp. USD 51.80 / Fergana and East Turkistan, especially in cultural century to cover the related dialect clusters of the EUR 42.10 / GBP 35.80. 1996. centers such as Samarkand, Bukhara, Herat, region; the terms positively viewed by some Khiva, Kokand and Kashghar. Chagatay was also members of the ethnolinguistic group and used in India in the court of the Great Moghuls, negatively by others. Xakas is one of the only Sapuan (Sapuər) in Kazan, and even in the Ottoman Empire. Turkic languages to preserve nine short vowels. Presently it is regarded as the Classical phase of Morphologically, Xakas shows an unusually high PASCALE JACQ & PAUL SIDWELL Modern Uzbek although the scope of Chagatay, number of affixally realized verbal categories, as University of Melbourne especially of the lexion was much broader than well as a complicated AUX verb system. In the what the term Classical Uzbek would imply. imperative Xakas has preserved a dual inclusive. Sapuan (autonym Sapuər) is an endangered West Orthography: Chagatay works were written in Xakas has a very high number of cases for a Bahnaric (Mon-Khmer) language spoken by the Arabic script with generous use of matres Turkic language (9), a number more typical of population of a single village, Ban Sapuan, about lectionis: a criterion that makes Chagatay central and eastern Siberian languages. Due to the 40 kms north of Attapeu (Lao PDR). different from Ottoman and allows the reader an centuries-long contact with speakers of Russian, Other than a short wordlist collected early this easier identification of graphemes. Text Xakas not only has a large number of Russian century, no other descriptions of Sapuan are publications mostly use transcription with loans but it also shows a great-degree of contact- known. The present sketch grammar is prepared alphabets using modified characters of the Latin, induced restructuring, some examples of which on the basis of the authors' recent fieldwork. or Russian writing systems. have even found their way into the standardized Sapuan phonology and syntax are discussed and Morphology operates with suffixes, literary language. The present study is an analysis short glossed texts and a lexicon are provided. prefixes, postpositions, prepositions Izafet of the standardized register of Xakas, and markers, composition and coordination. Suffixes constitutes the first description of Xakas in have a definite hierarchy of sequence. ISBN 3 89586 559 1. Languages of the English. World/Materials 302. 60pp. USD 51.80 / Chagatay nouns and pronouns have no EUR 42.10 / GBP 35.80. 1999. grammatical gender. They have singular and ISBN 3 89586 511 7. Languages of the World/ plural forms. By their final phoneme we Materials 251. 100 pp. USD 63.80 / EUR 51.90 / distinguish light and heavy nouns; by the GBP 44.10. 1998. An Academic Reference behavior of their last consonant or their second vowel under certain conditions we distinguish Grammar of Modern weak and strong nouns. There are ten cases of Evenki nouns and pronouns. There are no definite or Literary Uzbek indefinite articles. NADEZHDA BULATOVA (Academy of Adjectives have no special class marker. ANDRÁS J. E. BODROGLIGETI Some of the means of derivation may signal that Sciences, St. Petersburg) & LENORE the derivative is an adjective. There is no strict GRENOBLE (Dartmouth College) University of California, Los Angeles boundary between adjectives and adverbs. Adjectives often occur as nouns and can take case The work is a comprehensive descriptive Evenki is the largest of the Manchu-Tungusic grammar of Modern Uzbek, the official language endings and plural signs. Adjectives have three languages spoken in Siberia. The Evenki ethnic degrees: positive, comparative, and superlative. of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Its objective is to population currently numbers roughly 30,000 present amply illustrated rules for proper The superlative also serves as the absolute people; approximately one third of the population degree. Intensive forms are created by understanding of Uzbek grammatical expression

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and provide a guide for educated Uzbek The last section examines syntax of noun and composition. Karachay verb phrases, word order, clause structure and It is the author's conviction that this is the best clause chaining with special reference to a way to serve the users' interest in the present STEVE SEEGMILLER polypredicative construction. The last is usually evolutionary stage and political-cultural milieu of Montclair State University represented as a predicate complex whose verbal the Uzbek language. forms are interlinked by different semantic The categories of the "normative" grammar of Karachay-Balkar is a Turkic language spoken in relations, namely tense, cause, condition, the Soviet imperial period were loosened up and the North Caucasus by approximately 200,000 concession, etc. revised especially in verbal inflection and syntax. speakers and by approximately 30,000 more New rules were created or some old ones speakers living in Turkey, Western Europe, and ISBN 3 89586 039 5. Languages of the modified, as authentic data required. Illustrations the United States. This work provides a linguistic World/Materials 111. 60pp. USD 51.80 / were used from works of Uzbek writers and poets overview of the Karachay dialect of EUR 42.10 / GBP 35.80. 1998. from the twenties to the present and from data Karachay-Balkar. It consists of a detailed collected in numerous field trips. The selected description of the phonological system and the illustrations are not only linguistically relevant inflectional morphology as well as a necessarily Camling/Chamling but in the majority of cases provide an insight briefer description of the main syntactic features into the cultural content of the language. of the language. Also included are several short KAREN EBERT Works on Uzbek grammar by native Uzbek texts with interlinear translations and a glossary. University of Zürich authors were duly considered. The traditional This is the first description of Karachay to appear arrangement of materials was followed not only in English. Chamling is a Kiranti language spoken by to keep this grammar closer to the native approximately 10,000 people in a remote area of grammatical literature but also to promote greater ISBN 3 89586 021 2. Languages of the Eastern Nepali. The number of speakers is rapidly efficiency in learning by the users. World/Materials 109. 60 pp. USD 51.80 / decreasing, as the language is no longer learned The Uzbek material is used in the Cyrillic EUR 42.10 / GBP 35.80. 1996. by children. Chamling has SOV word order and alphabet, mainly because the sources they come split ergativity, with 1st and 2nd person construed form were composed and printed in that writing in an accusative pattern. There is very little system. Although The Uzbek Supreme Council in Even evidence for ergative syntax. Higher and lower its 13th session on September 2, 1993 introduced ANDREI L. MALCHUKOV location plays an important role not only in the a new Latin based writing system, it leaves the lexicon and deictic system, but is also Cyrillic in place partly for practical reasons, Russian Academy of Sciences grammaticalized in a series of local case markers. partly to secure access to the literary heritage of Like all eastern Kiranti languages, Chamling is The present work provides a concise grammatical the Soviet period. During his resent visits [2001; characterized by a highly complex verb description of Even, one of the Tungusic languages 2003] to Uzbekistan the author got the impression morphology. Eleven persons - with duals, plurals, of Siberia. This grammatical sketch differs from that the Uzbeks are not going to give up the inclusive, exclusive - are marked on the verb in the previous works on Even grammar in that 1) it is Cyrillic writing system any time soon. actor and undergoer function. In the western confined to synchronic description, 2) it dialect there are traces of an older inverse system, foregrounds the functional aspects of grammar, 3) Vol. I.: ISBN 3 89586 694 6. LINCOM which the eastern dialect has replaced by 1st it focuses on those topics that are of interest from a Studies in Asian Linguistics 50. 690pp. USD person undergoer markers and subject agreement. 105.40 / EUR 85.70 / GBP 72.90. 2003. typological viewpoint. The complex verb forms are retained before most Vol. II.: ISBN 3 89586 710 1. LINCOM ISBN 3 929075 13 X. Languages of the subordinators and in both members of a Studies in Asian Linguistics 51. 690pp. USD World/Materials 12. 48pp. USD 53.00 / EUR compound verb. All Chamling data are from the 105.40 / EUR 85.70 / GBP 72.90. 2003. 43.10 / GBP 36.60. 1995. author’s fieldwork in Nepal. There are no previous descriptions of Chamling.

Modern Literary Uzbek ISBN 3 89586 037 9. Languages of the Nivkh World/Materials 103. 63pp. USD 51.80 / A Manual for Intensive Elementary, EUR 42.10 / GBP 35.80. 1997. Intermediate, and Advanced EKATERINA GRUZDEVA Courses Russian Academy of Sciences, Newār / Nepāl Bhāsā [incl. a descriptive grammar of Modern St. Petersburg fl Literary Uzbek]. AUSTIN HALE & KEDĀR P. SHRESTHA Nivkh (otherwise known as Gilyak) is considered ANDRÁS J. E. BODROGLIGETI genetically isolated, though is traditionally Newār (known outside Nepal as Newāri, but University of California, Los Angeles classified as Paleasiberian. Typologically, Nivkh referred to by speakers as Nepāl Bhasha) is is an agglutinative synthetic nominative language spoken by half a million people, most of whom Developed in the regular and intensive courses of with elements of morphological fusion and some reside in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. the Uzbek Language and Area Studies Program at analytical features. Newār is a Tibeto-Burman language UCLA and updated every season for the Summer It is the language of a small nationality (4,700 influenced by centuries of contact with Indo- Sessions of the same institution this handbook is people) presently residing mainly at the lower Aryan languages. As an Indospheric Tibeto- a time tested comprehensive work to provide reaches of the Amur River in the far east on the Burman language, Newār has many syntactic systematically, arranged and culturally balanced Asian continent and on Sakhalin Island (Russia). characteristics typical of South Asia: a somewhat language materials for students aiming at Four dialects of Nivkh are distinguished: Amur, flexible SOV clause order, a sentence structure wellrounded composition and conversation East-Sakhalin, North-Sakhalin and South- typified by strings of medial clauses before a final competence in Modern Literary Uzbek, the Sakhalin. The description is based primarily on finite clause. The freedom with which arguments official language of the Republic of Uzbekistan. the materials of Amur and East-Sakhalin diaelcts can be omitted from a clause makes this an In thirty sizable units the manual presents 60 of Nivkh, the last not well described yet. The interesting language to investigate from the culturally relevant readings, 30 topic-oriented sketch contains five sections, two folklore texts standpoint of referential density (Bickel conversations, 210 proverbs, 450 phrases, set (in both examined dialects of Nivkh) with Language 79.4:708-736 (2003)). expressions and idioms, ca. 2000 most frequently interlinear translation and an ample bibliography. Newār has an auxiliary structure which makes used words proportionally representing the The first section describes socio- and grammatical use of semantically bleached lexical semantic fields they belong to. Most of all, it geolinguistic data, different hypothesis of Nivkh verbs to express directional, benefactive, contains a grammar of the language with genesis and principal stages of its studying. The aspectual, status, and honorific modifications of illustrations selected from a rich and varied phonology and morphology section deals with the the main verb. The process of grammaticalization storehouse of primary sources. Texts used for phoneme inventory, prosody, syllable structure is current and ongoing. One can still identify two-way translations and topics for directed and morphological alternations. It pays particlar non-final verb forms that provide the bridge compositions reflect the cultural dimensions of attention to the system of initial consonant across which grammaticalization of lexical verbs the language and address its functional need in alternations in noun and verb phrases. Principal as auxiliaries has been taking place. actual circumstances. models of word-formation are discussed in the Newār (along with Tibetan) is also of interest The Manual was prepared for class-room use third section. The fourth section is devoted to the as a language with a logophoric conjunct/disjunct with an instructor of native or close to native analysis of nominal and verbal morphology, verbal inflection, related to matters of competence in charge. The detailed grammatical pronominal system, numerals, adverbs, graphic evidentiality and the intentionality of the verb. Of and morphological index, however, makes the words, connective words and interjections. special interest is the extensive concatenation of Manual also useful for linguists interested in Special emphasis is laid to the unique system of verbs within the clause. descriptive grammar. cardinals consisting of 26 sub-systems, each of Newār is one of the few Tibeto-Burman those is used for counting objects of special languages (along with Tibetan and Burmese) to types. The section also focuses on finite verbal have produced a distinguished written literature. ISBN 3 89586 695 4. LINCOM Language forms and their categories, as well as on non- It is a relatively well documented language with Coursebooks 10. 2 vols., each 360pp. Each vol. finite verbal forms. Nivkh is well-known for its extensive grammars and dictionaries of both USD 74.90 / EUR 60.90 / GBP 51.80. 2003. numerous converbs, which number is about 30. Classical Newāri and the modern language.

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This grammar deals with the language as it is parameter in aspectual interpretation along with towards linguists. A brief introduction is given to used in Kathmandu. Most examples are drawn the other two parameters, namely situation type the Camling mythological cycles. from a corpus of published Newār stories and and viewpoint aspect. The narrations are then presented sentence by essays. The examples were chosen primarily to Concerning the expression of viewpoint sentence with morphological glosses and an illustrate the grammatical workings of the aspect in Turkish, (i) the semantic distinctions English translation. language, but one often gets glimpses as well of denoted by Turkish T/A morphology and (ii) the the wit and charm of the contemporary masters of basic opposition between perfective vs. ISBN 3 89586 218 5. Languages of the the language. imperfective and their extended interpretations World/Text Collections 11. 130pp. USD 70.00 / are considered. As for the second parameter, the EUR 56.90 / GBP 46.40. 2000. ISBN 3 89586 525 7. Languages of the World/ interaction of situation type with objects, Turkish Materials 256. 230 pp. USD 96.80 / EUR perfective vs. imperfective morphology and T/A 78.70 / GBP 66.90. 2006. adverbials is analyzed. A time-relational analysis/ Ket Prosodic categorization of T/A adverbials is proposed. The data suggest that T/A adverbials constitute one of Phonology Kyrgyz the core elements of aspectual interpretation and that a combination of the insights of B. Comrie, EDWARD J. VAJDA C. Smith, W. Klein and M. Krifka is required to SOMFAI DÁVID KARA Western Washington University account for Turkish data adequately. Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest In conclusion, it is argued that aspectual The present study proposes a complete inventory oppositions derive from universal properties of of the segmental and suprasegmental phonemic Kyrgyz is a Turkic language, it is spoken by some time intervals, relations between intervals and 3,5 million people in Kyrgyzstan and its units for the southern dialect of Ket, a language mereological structure and that aspect is a isolate spoken in Central Siberia. It argues that neighbouring countries (Uzbekistan, China, linguistic instantiation of boundedness. The Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Kazakstan). It is spoken Ket contains a constrastive system of tones opposition between perfective and imperfective is operating within the domain of the phonological in the valleys and plateaus of the Tianshan and argued to be an instantiation of a total vs. partial Pamir-Alai Mountain Ranges (e.g. Chüi Valley, word rather than the syllable. This word tone overlap relation between the reference interval system consists of four tonemes, two of which Talas Valley, Kara-Tegin). The Kyrgyz language and the time of the situation, in analogy to one belongs to the Kypchak group, although have disyllabic and monosyllabic allotones. that obtains between an adverbial interval and the Tone in Ket serves to delimit one word from genetically related to South Siberian Turkic time of the situation. This, in turn, suggests that languages. During the Mongol Era, the Kyrgyz another by marking the leftmost two syllables of from a wider perspective aspect is a linguistic each phonological word with one of four became the language of the nomad groups in the reflection of the basic conceptual/perceptual Chagatai Empire. It was strongly influenced by contrastive combinations of melodic (height and contrast between figure and ground in the sense contour) and non-melodic features (vowel length the Kazak and Uzbek languages. of L. Talmy and H. Demirdache & M. This present material of the Kyrgyz language and glottalization). In addition, the four tonemes Uribe-Etxebarria. distinguish meaning by forming numerous is an up-to-date grammar based on the author’s five-year research with the Kyrgyz of Kyrgyzstan minimal pairs. The article describes Ket and Tajikistan (where the disappearing South ISBN 3 89586 809 4. LINCOM Studies in segmental phonology as containing only 12 dialect is still alive). In this book he tried to Asian Linguistics 59. 260pp. USD 93.10 / consonant and 7 vowel phonemes. Many summarize up his observations, just as he did it in EUR 75.70 / GBP 64.30. 2006. constrasts which previous researchers treated as his first book about the Kazak language. There phonemic (such as the difference between tense are useful information about the TAM (Tense- vs. lax mid vowels and plosives vs. fricatives in Mood-Aspect) categories of verb morphology, The Old Sirinek word final position) turn out to be allophonic auxiliary verb formations and numerous when prosodic data are considered. examples to illustrate them. These aspects help to Language understand Kyrgyz literature and colloquial ISBN 3 89586 915 5. Languages of the World Texts, Lexicon, Grammatical Notes 15. 36pp. USD 28.40 / EUR 23.10 / GBP 19.60. speech as well. The phonology part explains the main phonetic rules that can be observed only in 2000. IKOLAI AKHTIN spoken Kyrgyz. N V Russian Academy of Sciences ISBN 3 89586 843 4. Languages of the Probleme der World/Materials 423. 60pp. USD 51.80 / This book deals with one of the most mysterious EUR 42.10 / GBP 35.80. 2003. languages of the Far North of Russia - the so- Wortbildung in den called Old Sirinek Language (OSL). The Jenissej-Sprachen language is part of the Eskimo family; however, A Grammar of Iranian Azari its place in the family is unclear. According to including comparisons with some theories, this language is the last survival of HEINRICH WERNER a third group of Eskimo languages alongside Universität Bonn Persian Yupik and Inuit. The last speaker, Valentina Wye, the person whose language skills and Bislang liegen auf dem Gebiet der Wortbildung YAVAR DEHGHANI patient efforts to share them made this book in den Jenissej-Sprachen nur wenige Arbeiten possible, died in 1997. vor, und es schien dem Verfasser angebracht zu This study intends to develop a grammar of The book contains practically everything sein, sich dem Problem in einer Iranian Azari which is spoken mainly in the north collected on OSL by several Russian scholars. zusammenfassenden Arbeit zuzuwenden. Dabei western parts of Iran: it consists of phonology, Contents: Genetic affiliation - folklore and setzte er sich vor allem zum Ziel, die theoretische morphology, and the syntax of simple and other narrative texts in OSL with Russian Fragen und die praktischen Richtlinien für die complex clauses. Since Persian has a prominent interlinear translation - grammatical data - Erstellung von Wörterbüchern der Jenissej- influence on this language, the phonology, supplement where lexical data are presented as Sprachen zu erörtern. Da aber die Wortbildung in morphology and syntax of borrowed words are materials for a dictionary, ca. 2500 diese Sprachen aufs engste mit der Morphologie also discussed and when appropriate, the entries.[written in Russian] verbunden und verflochten und in vielen Fällen constructions in the language are compared to kaum von ihr zu trennen ist, kann eine derartige Spezialuntersuchung der Wortbildung auch zur that of Persian. ISBN 3 89586 951 1. LINCOM Studies in Klärung mehrerer grammatischer Phänomene Asian Linguistics 33. 600pp. USD 135.70 / EUR beitragen. Die Spezifik der lexikalischen For more information on this title see 110.30 / GBP 93.80. 2000. www.lincom.eu. Nomination in den Jenissej-Sprachen kann außerdem auf wichtige typologische Züge hinweisen, die einen breiteren Überblick über den ISBN 3 89586 991 0. LINCOM Studies in Camling texts and glossary typologischen Zustand dieser Sprachen Asian Linguistics 30. 280pp. USD 112.30 / ermöglichen. Die Arbeit basiert hauptsächlich auf EUR 91.30 / GBP 77.60. 2000. ketische, jugischen und kottischen KAREN EBERT Sprachmaterialien. Adverbials in Turkish University of Zürich Inhalt: 1. Zum Problem des Wortes in den Jenissej-Sprachen, 2. Zum Problem der The Third Parameter in Aspectual nominalen Wortbildung, 3. Zum Problem der Interpretation Chamling is a Kiranti language spoken by approximately 10,000 people in a remote area of verbalen Wortbildung, 4. Zur Wortbildung der

Eastern Nepali. This booklet is meant to Adverbien und Numeralien, 5. Grenzfälle der MINE GÜVEN accompany the grammatical description in LW/M verbalen Wort- und Formbildung, 6. Schlußbetrachtungen. Boğaziçi University 103, which contains many references to the texts. It contains transcriptions of narrated Camling ISBN 3 89586 270 3. LINCOM Studies in The main argument of the present study is that mythology. Although the texts are of ethnological Asian Linguistics 25. 180pp. USD 85.70 / T/A adverbials in Turkish constitute the third interest, the presentation is mainly directed EUR 69.70 / GBP 59.30. 1998.

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eben abgelaufenen Säkulums übersiedelten die Basic letzten Kukizower Karaiten samt ihren Burushaski Etymologies re-editions Heiligtümern nach Halicz und verschmolzen The Indo-European and Paleo- gänzlich mit ihren dortigen Stammen- oder balkanic affinities of Burushaski Religionsgenossen. A Comparative Aus dem Inhalt: Einteilung der Lehnwörter Grammar of the nach ihrer Herkunft, Monophtongische Stämme ILIJA ČAŠULE und unzerlegbare Morpheme, Diphtongische Macquarie University Dravidian or South- Stämme und unzerlegbare Morpheme, Affixe mit weiten und engen Vokalen, enklitische Zusätze, By applying the most stringent principles of the Indian Family of Konsonantische Attraktion der Konsonanten, comparative-historical method nearly two Slavische Präpositionen. Languages In his study “A Turc-Tatar dialect in Galicia” hundred Burushaski words are analysed which display firm Indo-European correspondences that Johann Grzegorzewski focuses on vowel do not originate from an Indo-Aryan or Iranian ROBERT CALDWELL harmony in loan words of the Karaitic language source. The etymologies show consistent and of Halicz. This re-edition has been published as regular phonetic correspondences and highly Contents: Use of the Common Term 'Dravidian', no. 04 in the LINCOM Orientalia (LIOR) series specific semantic concordance with the ancient Enumeration of Dravidian Languages, (originally published 1903, Wien: Balkan languages (most notably Phrygian and Comparative Grammar: Part I: Sounds (Alphabet, Sitzungsberichte der kais. Akademie der Thracian) and with Balto-Slavic. The basic and system of sounds), Part II: Roots, Part III: The Wissenschaften, Kl. 196). compact semantic fields to which the analysed Noun, Part IV: The Numerals, Part V: The vocabulary belongs (body parts, age and family Pronoun, Part VI: The Verb. Part VII: Glossarial ISBN 978 3 89586 263 2. LINCOM Orientalia relations, agriculture, plant names, sheep- Affinities. 04. 86pp. USD 53.80 / EUR 43.80 / GBP 37.20. farming, geographical features, names of vessels This re-edition has been published as no. 14 in 2010. and tools, core adjectives and verbs) together the LINCOM Gramatica (LINGram) series with the derivational, grammatical and structural (originally published 1913, 3rd edition, written in English). Lehr und Lesebuch der correspondences point to a rather close relationship and affinity of Burushaski with these ISBN 978 3 89586 135 2. LINCOM Gramatica Siamesischen Sprache linguistic groupations. 14. 686pp. USD 109.70 / EUR 89.20 / GBP It can be concluded that there is an ancient 75.80. 2010. F.J. WERSHOVEN Indo-European layer in Burushaski which indicates an early relationship or contact in its Das Buch behandelt die Umgangssprache des history with the Southern (Aegean) branch of I.E. A Grammar of the täglichen Lebens. So ist das Buch nicht nur für on the one hand and with the Northern I.E. group die praktische Spracherlernung bestimmt, on the other, with which it shows remarkable and Khassi Language sondern wird auch den Philologen willkommen very close correspondences. sein, welche die charakteristischen Eigenschaften Further systematic study of Burushaski H. ROBERTS der einsilbigen ostasiatischen Sprache kennen zu vocabulary and grammar should clarify the lernen wünschen. implications of these findings and determine We would particularly call attention to two The grammar focuses on phonology (consonants, more closely Burushaski's affiliation within Indo- vowels, intonation, accentuation), nominal and European. prominent features of the work: complete paradigms for the conjugation of all verbs and a verbal morphology, offers some texts and a ISBN 3 89586 089 1. LINCOM Etymologic- detailed treatment of the article, subjects in regard dictionary (2500 entries). al Studies 01. 160 pp. USD 85.70 / EUR 69.70 to which the Khassi language possesses features (Re-edition; originally published 1892 in Wien; / GBP 59.30. 1998. altogether its own, as compared with other written in German) members of the Sub-Himalayan group. The

number of people speaking the language may ISBN 978 3 86290 102 9. LINCOM Gramatica Semantische Eigenschaften roughly estimated at 250,000. Their area is 82. 189pp. USD 66.30 / EUR 54.80 / GBP situated in the very centre of the Province of 45.40. 2010/IV. von Ideophonen im Assam (adopted from the preface). Türkischen The grammar contains chapters on orthography, nominal morphology (noun, A Brief Account of GERD JENDRASCHEK pronoun, adjectives), verbal morphology (moods Université de Toulouse-Le-Mirail and tenses, conjugations, active, passive voice), Malayalam Phonetics adverbs, preposition, and syntax. Ideophone stellen im Türkischen ein reiches (Re-edition; originally published 1891 in L.V.R. AIVAR London; written in English) Inventar expressiver Ausdrücke dar, mit denen wahrgenommene Eindrücke den Zuhörern ISBN 978 3 86290 003 9. LINCOM Gramatica I give below a list of the International Phonetic anschaulich vor Augen geführt werden können. 20. 227pp. USD 71.10 / EUR 57.80 / GBP Association symbols that I have requisioned for Der Bereich der Ideophonie betrifft wenige 49.10. 2010/IV. the following concise discussion of the phonetic semantische Domänen, wobei Wahrnehmungen habits of the Malayalam language. The symbols verschiedenster Art im Zentrum stehen. below represent the sounds occuring in the Ideophone sind lautsymbolisch, was bedeutet, Ein türk-tatarischer pronuciation of the people of the Cochin State, daß Laute, die keine Morpheme sind, Bedeutung which, situated as it is right in the central portion tragen. Es gibt also zu einem gewissen Grade Dialekt in Galizien of Malabar or the Malayalam speaking land, has a eine Entsprechung phonologischer und great degree preserved the true Malayalam semantischer Merkmale. Je nach dem Grad der Vokalharmonie in den entlehnten sounds free from contamination of the Kannada Ikonizität können diese Entsprechungen mehr or Kanarese influence in the north and Tamil in oder weniger offensichtlich sein. Wörtern der karaitischen Sprache in the south (Re-edition; originally published 1927 Wie alle Sprachzeichen sind Ideophone Halicz in London; written in English). jedoch auch konventionell. Ein weiteres Charakteristikum türkischer Ideophone ist ihre (Mit Einleitung, Texten und Erklärungen zu ISBN 978 3 86290 127 2. LINCOM Orientalia modifikative Funktion, sie werden also den Texten) 39. 36pp. USD 29.00 / EUR 24.00 / GBP 19.90. adjektivisch oder adverbial verwendet. Sie 2010/IV. unterstreichen die Bedeutung eines Verbs, JOHANN GRZEGORZEWSKI können aber auch zusätzliche semantische Informationen enthalten. Sie werden im Von etlichen (etwa 18) alten Niederlassungen der Die Übereinstimmung Türkischen meist redupliziert verwendet, wobei Łach-Karaiten, welche von ihren Krimer die Reduplikation Wiederholung zum Ausdruck Glaubensgenossen deshalb so genannt werden, der Tempus- und bringt. Plötzliche, abrupte Eindrücke werden weil sie auf dem Gebiete des ehemaligen Modalcharaktere in den hingegen mittels Quotativkonstruktionen oder polnischen (lechitischen) Staates wohnen, derivierter Formen ausgedrückt. Durch existieren heute nur noch einige, und zwar in ural-altaischen Alternationen der Vokale oder Konsonanten Troki und Umgegend (Litauen), in Łuck und können weitere semantische Nuancen Umgegend (Wolhynien) und in Halicz samt Sprachen versprachlicht werden. Umgegend (Ost-Galizien). Außerdem lebten polnische Karaiten in Lemberg (seit dem 14. ANTON BOLLER ISBN 3 89586 365 3. Edition Linguistik 30. Jahrhundert und in Kukizów, einem etwa 2 120 S. USD 74.90 / EUR 60.90 / GBP 51.80. Meilen nordöstlich von Lemberg gelegenen Der stoffliche Zusammenhang der ural-altaischen 2002. Marktflecken. Jedoch in den Dreißigerjahren des Sprachen ist gegenwärtig in so ausgedehntem

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Umfange blossgelegt und nachgewiesen, dass (Re-edition; originally published 1895 in Leipzig; accidence (declensions of nouns, adjectives, man zu seiner Erklärung notwendig auf die written in German) pronouns, numerals, conjugations of verbs), Annahme eines gemeinsamen Ursprunges der syntax. The grammar offers several exercises, and genannten Sprachen gedrängt wird. Wenn ich nun ISBN 978 3 86290 114 2. LINCOM Orientalia exposition of Bengali moneys, weights, extracts in vorliegendem Aufsatze es unternehme die 31. 96pp. USD 53.70 / EUR 44.40 / GBP 36.80. rom Bengali newspapers, and illustrations of Tempus- und Moduscharaktere der einzelnen 2010/IV. Bengali arithmetic. hierher gehörigen Sprachen (u.a. Mandźu, (Re-edition; originally published 1893 in London; Mongolisch, Kalmückisch, Türkisch-tatarisch, die written in English) samojedischen Sprachen, Suomi und Magyarisch) Étude sur la phonétique einer vergleichenden Analyse zu unterziehen, um ISBN 978 3 86290 040 4. LINCOM ihre Identität nachzuweisen, so bestimmen mich bachkire Gramatica 53. 344pp. USD 83.20 / EUR 68.80 hierzu Gründe, welche den Aufsatz „über / GBP 57.10. 2010/IV. Wurzelsuffixe in den ural-altaischen Sprachen“ N.K. DIMITRIEV veranlassten. A Grammar of the (Re-edition; originally published 1856 in Le territoire, ou est parlée la langue bachkire, est Wien; written in German) plus proche que celui des Turcs de Sibérie, amis, Burmese Language jusqu´à présent, le bachkir est resté très peu ISBN 978 3 86290 096 1. LINCOM Orientalia connu des turcologues. C´est pourquoi je me suis A. JUDSON 28. 45pp. USD 40.10 / EUR 32.60 / GBP 27.70. décidé á publier mes observations personelles; 2010/IV. elles sont fondées sur l’étude de la langue The Burmese language is written from left to vivante, de la langue du folklore, puls right, without any division of words. The pure systématiquement, mon but est de décrire les Burmese is monosyllabic, but the introduction particularités de la phonétique bachkire dans son of the Pali language, with the Boodhistic Die Wurzelsuffixe in den stade actuel (Re-edition; originally published religion, has occasioned the incorporation of ural-altaischen Sprachen 1927 in Paris; written in French). many polysyllabc words of Pali origin. The short grammar gives information on the ANTON BOLLER ISBN 978 3 86290 121 0. LINCOM Orientalia alphabet, nouns, secondary nouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, interjections (Re-edition; Seit Schott's entscheidenden Forschungen über 35. 64pp. USD 46.90 / EUR 38.80 / GBP 32.20. 2010/IV. originally published 1888 in Rangoon; written die ural-altaischen Sprachen war die Tätigkeit der in English) Sprachforscher darauf gerichtet, das Material für eine vergleichende Grammatik aller zum großen Azerbajğanische Studien ISBN 978 3 86290 059 6. LINCOM Gramatica Stamme gehörigen Sprachen zu sammeln und 64. 67pp. USD 46.20 / EUR 38.20 / GBP 31.70. vorzubereiten. An die Stelle der mangelhaften mit einer Charakteristik des 2010/IV. älteren Grammatiken bereits bekannter Sprachen Südtürkischen traten neue den gegenwärtigen Anforderungen der Wissenschaft Rechnung tragende Bearbeitun- Сравнительная gen; und Idiome, welche man bisher kaum mehr KARL FOY als dem Namen nach gekannt, wurden einer грамматика монгольского allseitigen kritischen Untersuchung unterworfen. Das Azerbajğanische, auch kürzer Azeri genannt, письменного языка и So entstanden u.a. neuere türkische, nimmt ein sehr weites Gebiet ein, es wird in tatarische, mongolische, kalmückische, mand- Russland und besonders in Persien gesprochen. Man kann zwei Hauptzweige unterscheiden, das халхасского наречия schurische, magyarische Grammatiken. Ist es also введение и фонетика an der Zeit, an die vergleichende Grammatik des Transkaukasische, namentlich die Sprache der Ural-altaischen zu gehen? (adaptiert aus den Karabagi, Šaksewend, Terekeme und Azerbajğani, und das Türkische in der Umgebung Sitzungsberichten der kaiserlichen Akademie der БОРИС ЯКОВЛЕВИЧ ВЛАДИМИРЦОВ Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-historische Klas- Hamadans und der nomadischen Bevölkerung der Provinz Fers. Inhalt: Quellen und Vorarbeiten, se, XXII. Band, I. Heft, 1856, hrsg. 1857). The study written by Boris Yakovlevich In his study “the root-suffixes of the ural- die Mundart von Erzurum, Orthographie, Charkteristik des Südtürkischen, Übersicht der Vladimircov (1884-1931) who was one of the altaic languages“ Prof. Boller study focuses on most excellent researchers in Mongolian studies issues of the genetic relationship of the these Hauptcharakteristika der südlichen Mundarten, zur Grammatik und Wortschatz des Azeri, Texte focuses in the introduction on the classification of languages. This re-edition has been published as the Mongolian language, and gives information no. 02 in the LINCOM Orientalia (LIOR) series (Re-edition; originally published 1906/7 in Berlin; written in German). on the main features of Mongolian grammar. The (originally published 1857, Wien). grammar includes 16 tables (Re-edition; originally published 1929 in Leningrad; written in ISBN 978 3 89586 249 6. LINCOM Orientalia ISBN 978 3 86290 116 6. LINCOM Orientalia Russian). 12. 96pp. USD 53.70 / EUR 44.40 / GBP 36.80. 32. 140pp. USD 56.30 / EUR 46.60 / GBP 38.60. 2010/IV. 2010. ISBN 978 3 86290 190 6. LINCOM Gramatica Entwurf einer A Mongolian Grammar 125. 450pp. USD 92.90 / EUR 76.80 / GBP 63.70. 2010/IV. Vergleichenden Grammatik outlining the Khalkha Mongolian with der Altaischen Sprachen notes on the Buriat, Kalmuck, and nebst einem Ordoss Mongolian vergleichenden Wörterbuch A. NEVILLE WHYMANT

JOSEPH GRUNZEL This, the first Mongolian grammar in the English tongue, published in 1926, focuses on In seiner Abhandlung vergleicht der Autor orthography, articles, nouns, pronouns, phonetische und morphologische Eigenschaften adjectives, verbs, adverbs, and ends with a short u.a. des Türkischen, Mongolischen, Mandschu- vocabulary (Re-edition; originally published 1926 rischen und Japanischen. Er beabsichtigt in in London ; written in English) knapper, systematischer Form die Grundzüge ISBN 978 3 86290 065 7. LINCOM Gramatica darzulegen, nach welchen sich der altaische 25. 83pp. USD 51.30 / EUR 42.40 / GBP 35.10. Sprachstamm aufbaut. Das auf Grund des 2010/IV. lexikalischen Materials zusammengestellt, vergleichende Wörterbuch bildet nur einen kurzen Auszug einer größeren Sammelarbeit und Manual of the Bengali soll in erster Linie als tatsächlicher Beleg der aufgestellten Regeln dienen. Da es dem Autoren Language schon in diesem Stadium gelang, unumstößliche Comprising a Bengali Grammar and Beweise für die Zugehörigkeit des Japanischen Lessons, with Various Appendices zum altaischen Sprachstamm zu erbringen, vermutet er, dass der eingeschlagene Weg auch G.F. NICHOLL dazu führen wird, das Wesen einer oder der anderen noch isolierten Sprache Ostasiens G.F. Nicholl's second edition of the Manual of the aufzuhellen (frei nach dem Vorwort von 1895). Bengali Language focuses on orthography,

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