Contents

10 Preface W1LFR1ED WANG 11 Introduction MARJA-R11TTA NORRI I. Chronological Survey 16 From Historicist Architecture to Early Modernism RITVA WARE 38 The Inter-War Period: the Architecture of the Young Republic R1ITTA N1KULA

70 Destruction, Scarcity and a New Rise. Finnish Architecture in the 1940s PEKKA KORVENMAA 82 Humane Rationalism. Themes in Finnish Architecture of the 1950s S1RKKAU1SA JETSONEN 98 Aspects of the 1960s. Architecture as Social Activity and Art-form T1M0 TU0M1 106 Interpretations of Contemporary Reality: Sketching a Portrait of Recent Finnish Architecture. Decades of Change 1970-1999 MARJA-RMTTA NORRI

II. Polemic Period Writings 120 Architecture: a Challenge SIGURD FROSTERUS

128 Architectonic Anaemia? P.E. BLOMSTEDT

132 Functionalism BERTEL JUNG

136 Quo Vadis Architecture? NILS ERIK W1CKBERG 140 Public Building and Tradition AUL1S BLOMSTEDT III. Buildings 167 Kaleva Insurance Company, 1911-1914 146 Finnish Pavilion at the Paris World Fair 1900 1898/1900 168 Nikolayeff Building, Helsinki HERMAN GESELL1US, ARMAS LINDCREN, EL1EL SAARINEN 1913 JARL EKLUND 147 National Museum of , Helsinki 1902/1903-1910 169 Stockmann Department Store, Helsinki , ARMAS LfNDGREN, EL1EL SAARINEN 1915-1916/1930 SIGURD FROSTERUS 148 Church of St John, 1899-1900/1902-1907 170 Munkkiniemi-Haaga Town Plan, Helsinki 1915 150 Urban Plan for Toolo, Helsinki 1899-1900/1903/1906 172 Pro Helsingfors Master Plan GUSTAF NYSTROM, LARS SONCK 1918 ELIEL SAARINEN, BERTEL JUNG 152 Lundqvist Commercial Building, Helsinki 1898-1900 173 Chicago Tribune Building, Competition Proposal SELIM A. L1NDQVIST, ELIA HEIKEL 1922 ELIEL SAARINEN 153 Pohjola Insurance Company, Helsinki 1899/1900-1901 174 Makelankatu Street 37-43 Apartment Building, Helsinki HERMAN GESELLIUS, ARMAS LINDGREN, EL1EL SAARINEN 1924-1926 GUNNAR TAUCHER 154 Olofsborg Condominium, Helsinki 1900-1902 175 Workers' Housing for Kone ja Silta Ltd, Helsinki HERMAN GESELLIUS, ARMAS LINDGREN, EL1EL SAARINEN 1916-1917/1927-1929 ARMAS LINDGREN, BERTEL L1LJEQUIST 155 Hvittrask, 1901-1903 176 Puu-Kapyla Residential Area, Helsinki HERMAN GESELLIUS, ARMAS LINDGREN, ELIEL SAARINEN 1920-1925 MARTTl VAL1KANGAS 156 The State Hotel, 1902-1903 178 Villa Oivala, Villinki, Helsinki USKO NYSTROM 1924 01VA 157 Takaharju Sanatorium, Punkaharju 1899-1903 179 Atrium Housing Condominium, ONNI TORNQV1ST (LATER TARJANNE) 1925-1927 158 Main Fire Station, Tampere 1905-1906/1906-1908 180 Vanaja Mansion W1V1 LONN 1919-1924 SIGURD FROSTERUS 159 Suvilahti Power Station, Helsinki 1908-1913 181 Finlayson Power Station, Tampere SELIM A. L1NDQV1ST, JALMAR CASTREN 1924-1927 JARL EKLUND 160 Main Railway Station, Helsinki 1903-1904/1904-1919 182 Jyvaskyla Workers' Building ELIEL SAARINEN 1924-1925 162 Wuorio Commercial Building, Helsinki 1908-1909 183 Viipuri Library HERMAN GESELLIUS 1927/1928-1935 ALVAR AALTO 163 Villa Ensi, Maternity Hospital, Helsinki 1911-1912 184 Toolo Church and Parish Hall, Helsinki SELIM A. L1NDQV1ST 1927/1929-1930 HILD1NG EKELUND 164 , Helsinki 1906/1908-1912 185 Viinikka Church, Tampere LARS SONCK 1927/1932 YRJO WASK1NEN 165 Lahti Town Hall 1910-1911/1911-1912 186 Taidehalli, Helsinki Art Hall ELIEL SAARINEN 1927/1928 H1LD1NG EKELUND, JARL EKLUND 166 Helsinki Stock Exchange 1910-1912 187 Viipuri Art Museum and Art School LARS SONCK 1929-1930 UNO ULLBERG 188 Parliament Building, Helsinki 210 Lastenlinna (Children's Castle) hospital, Helsinki 1924/1926-1931 1938-1948 JOHAN S1GFR1D SIREN ELSl BORG, OLAV1 SORTTA 190 Villa Solin, Katariina Valley, Turku 211 Helsinki School of Economics 1927-1929 1941/1948-1950 ERIK BRYGGMAN HUGO HARMIA, WOLDEMAR BAECKMAN 191 Villa Waren, Ruissalo, Turku 212 Resurrection Chapel, Turku 1932-1933 1938/1939-1941 ERIK BRYGGMAN ERIK BRYGGMAN 192 Paimio Sanatorium 214 Residential Buildings for Turun Laivateollisuus, Pansio 1928-1929/1929-1933 1945-1949 ALVAR AALTO ERIK BRYGGMAN 193 Kiljavannummi Sanatorium, Nurmijarvi 215 Vocational College for War Veterans, Liperi 1936-1938 1946-1949 JUSS1 PAATELA V1LJO REVELL 194 The Finnish Savings Bank, Kotka 216 Villa Nuuttila, Kuusisto 1934-1935 1947-1949 PAULI E. BLOMSTEDT ERIK BRYGGMAN 195 Lasipalatsi Glass Palace, Helsinki 218 Salla Church 1935-1936 1947/1949 NI1LO KOKKO, V1U0 REVELL, HE1MO R1IH1MAK1 EERO EERIKA1NEN, OSMO SIPARi 196 Malmi Airport, Helsinki 219 Lohja Parish Hall 1935-1938 1948/1949-50 DAG ENGLUND, VERA ROSENDAL AARNE ERVI 197 Aulanko Hotel, Hameenlinna 220 Kaannetalo, Serpentine House Apartment Building, 1937-1938 Helsinki MARTA BLOMSTEDT, MATTI LAMPEN 1949-1951 YRJO LINDEGREN 198 Abo Akademi Book Tower, Turku 1934-1935 221 Sahanmaki Residential Area, Maunula, Helsinki ERIK BRYGGMAN 1951-1956 HILD1NG EKELUND 199 Vierumaki Sports Institute, Heinola 1930/1930-1936 222 Starckjohann Building, Lahti ERIK BRYGCMAN 1941-1951 MARTTA MART1KAINEN-YPYA, RAGNAR YPYA, VE1KKO MALMiO 200 Motor Battalion Barracks and Garage, Helsinki 1934-1935 223 SOK Mill, Nokia MARTTA MART1KA1NEN-YPYA 1941-48 ERKKl HUTTUNEN 201 Finnish Co-operative Society (SOK) OfHce, Oulu 1937-1938 224 Oulunjoki River Power Stations and Residential Areas ERKKl HUTTUNEN 1940-1950s AARNE ERVI 202 Kannonkoski Church 1933-1938 226 Palace Industry Centre, Helsinki PAUL! E. BLOMSTEDT 1949/1950-1953 V1LJO REVELL, KEIJO PETAJA 203 Nakkila Church 1935-1937 227 Rautatalo Commercial Building, Helsinki ERKKl HUTTUNEN 1950-1951/1953-1955 ALVAR AALTO 204 Sunila Factory and Housing Area, Kotka 1936-1938 228 Kudeneule Ltd, Hanko ALVAR AALTO 1953/1955-1956 V1LJO REVELL 206 Villa Mairea, Noormarkku 1938-1939 229 The Tower, ALVAR AALTO 1961 AARNE ERVI 208 The Olympic Village, Helsinki 1938-1940 230 General Plan for Tapiola, Espoo H1LDING EKELUND, MARTT1 VAL1KANGAS 1954/1954-1958 AARNE ERVI 209 The Olympic Stadium, Helsinki 1930, 1932-1933,1933/1934-1940, 1948-1952 232 Early Housing at Tapiola, Espoo YRJO L1NDEGREN, TO1V0 JANTT1 1953-1958 AARNE ERVI ET AL. 234 General Plan for Otaniemi, Espoo 257 Suvikumpu Housing, Espoo 1949/1949-1969 1962/1967-1969 ALVAR AALTO RA1L1 P1ET1LA, REIMA P1ET1LA 236 University of Technology Village Chapel, Espoo 258 Plan for Central Helsinki 1953/1956-1957 1959-1961 KAIJA AND HE1KKI SIREN ALVAR AALTO 237 Saynatsalo Town Hall, Saynatsalo 260 , Helsinki 1949-1952 1962-1971 (first phase), 1971-1975 (second phase) ALVAR AALTO ALVAR AALTO 238 House of Culture, Helsinki 261 Renovation 1952-1958 1960/1960-1970 ALVAR AALTO AARNO RUUSUVUORl 239 National Pensions Institute, Helsinki 262 Vekaranjarvi Barracks Area Centre, Valkeala 1948/1952-1956 1966-1974 ALVAR AALTO OSMO LAPPO 240 Vuoksenniska Church, Imatra 263 Hanasaari Power Station, Helsinki 1955-1958 1970-1976 ALVAR AALTO TIMO PENTTlLa 242 Porthania, Institutional Building 264 Church of St Thomas and Parish Centre, for the Puolivalinkangas, Oulu 1949/1950-1957 1970-1971/1971-1975 AARNE ERVI JUHA LE1V1SKA 243 Extension to 266 Tor Arne's Summer Atelier, Vano the City of Helsinki Finnish-Language Workers' Institute 1970 1955-1959 JUHANl PALLASMAA AUL1S BLOMSTEDT 267 Holiday Island Lingonso, Barosund 244 Vatiala Chapel, 1966-1969 1960 KAIJA AND HE1KK1 SIREN V1LJO REVELL 268 Liinasaarentie Terraced Houses, Espoo 245 Hyvinkaa Church and Settlement 1968-1970 1958/1958-1961 ERKKl KA1RAM0 AARNO RUUSUVUOR1 269 Villa Mannisto, Turku 246 Weilin & Goos Printing Works, Tapiola, Espoo 1974 1962-1964 OLA LA1HO, 1LPO RAUN1O AARNO RUUSUVUOR1 270 Kortepohja Housing Development, Jyvaskyla 247 Ratina Stadium, Tampere 1964/1968-1969 1963-1966 BENGT LUNDSTEN, ESKO KAHR1 TIMO PENTT1LA 271 Olari Housing Development, Espoo 248 One-family House Systems 1969-1973 1966-1969 S1M0 JARV1NEN, EERO VALJAKKA 250 Roihuvuori Primary School, Helsinki 272 A. Ahlstrom Ltd Paper Mill, Varkaus 1964-1967 1975-1977 AARNO RUUSUVU0R1 ERKKl KA1RAM0 251 Tapiola Church, Espoo 274 Murikka Metalworkers' Union Course Centre, 1961/1963-1965 Teisko, Tampere AARNO RUUSUVUORl 1974/1974-1977 PEKKA HEL1N, TUOMO S11TONEN 252 Chapel of the Holy Cross, Turku 1963/1965-1967 275 Extension to the Parliament Building, Helsinki PEKKA P1TKANEN 1970/1972-1978 PEKKA P1TKANEN, OLA LA1HO, 1LPO RAUN1O 254 Kaleva Church, Tampere 1959/1964-1966 276 Myyrmald Church and Parish Centre, Vantaa RAIL! P1ETILA, RE1MA P1ETILA 1980-1984 JUHA LE1V1SKA 255 Temppeliaukio/Taivallahti Church, Helsinki 1960-1961/1968-1969 278 West Sakyla Day-Care Centre and TIMO SU0MALA1NEN, TUOMO SUOMALA1NEN Parish Club-Rooms, Iso-Vimma, Sakyla 1980 256 Dipoli, Espoo KARl JARV1NEN, TIMO A1RAS 1961/1965-1966 RAILI P1ETILA, REIMA P1ET1LA 279 Ylistaro Government Offices 301 Experimental Building A, Sibelius Block, 1989 Hestra Garden City, Boris, KARl JARV1NEN, T1M0 A1RAS, M1KK0 AHO 1992-1993 280 Olari Church and Parish Centre, Espoo PEKKA HEL1N, TUOMAS W1CHMANN, DANIEL BRUUN 1976/1979-1981 302 Ruoholahti Housing Area, Helsinki KAPY PAAV1LA1NEN, S1M0 PAAV1LA1NEN 1987/1987-1995 281 Kauniainen Church and Parish Centre 304 Myllytie Road Olympos Condominium, Helsinki 1979/1979-1983 1993/1994-1995 KRIST1AN GULLICHSEN KR1ST1AN GULLICHSEN 282 Poleeni Civic Centre, Pieksamaki 305 Houses Killi and Nalli, Raisio 1983/1983-1989 1995-1997 KR1ST1AN GULLICHSEN TEEMU KURKELA 283 Rovaniemi Art Museum 306 Competition for the Design of 1984-1986 the Museum of Contemporary Art, Helsinki JUHANl PALLASMAA 1992-1993 284 Kuhmo Library 308 Turku Art Academy 1984/1988 1993-1997 JYRKl TASA, TUOMO REMES, ANTT1 LUUTONEN OLA LAIHO, MIKKO PULKK1NEN, ILPO RAUNIO 285 Ararat, Resettlement Union Holiday Cottage, Juva 310 Mustakivi Block Building, Helsinki 1983-1985 1998 GEORG GROTENFELT MARKKU ERHOLTZ, PENTT1 KAREOJA 286 Finnish Embassy, New Delhi, India 311 Vaasa Market Square 1963/1980-1985 1994- RA1L1 P1ET1LA, RE1MA P1ET1LA HEIKKI AITOAHO, KAARLO VILJANEN 288 Itakeskus (East centre) Shopping Centre, Landmark and 312 Nokia House, Espoo Eastern Social Centre, Helsinki 1983/1995-1997 1976-1977/1984-1987 PEKKA HEL1N ERKKl KA1RAMO 313 The Sanoma House, Helsinki 290 Heureka Finnish Science Centre, Vantaa 1995/1995-1999 1985/1988 ANTTl-MATTI S11KALA, JAN 5ODERLUND M1KK0 HE1KK1NEN, MARKKU KOMONEN 314 Component Master Plan of 0restad, 291 Rauma Government Office Building Copenhagen, Denmark 1985-1986/1990-1992 1995- OLLl-PEKKA JOKELA, PENTT1 KAREOJA AARO ARTTO, MATT1 KAUANSINKKO, TEEMU PALO, YRJO ROSSI, HANNU TIKKA 292 Church of St John, Mannisto, Kuopio 1986/1989-1992 316 Nordic Embassies Block, Berlin, Germany JUHA LE1V1SKA, PEKKA K1V1SALO 1995/1995-1999 ALFRED BERGER, TUNA PARKK1NEN 294 European Film College, Ebeltoft, Denmark 1991/1993 317 Finnish Embassy, Berlin, Germany MIKKO HEIKK1NEN, MARKKU KOMONEN 1996/1996-1999 PEKKA MAK1, RAUN0 LEHT1NEN, T0N1 PELTOLA 295 Finnish Embassy, Washington DC, USA 1990-1994 MIKKO HE1KK1NEN, MARKKU KOMONEN IV. Appendix 296 Helvetinkolu (Hell's Gorge), Pavilion for Seville World's Fair, Seville, Spain 320 Selected Bibliography 1989/1992 JUHA JAASKELA1NEN, JUHA KAAKKO, PETR1 ROUH1A1NEN, MATT1 SANAKSENAHO, JAR1 T1RKKONEN 323 Index of Names 298 Lusto Forestry Museum and Forest Information Centre, Punkaharju 1990-1991/1991-1994 326 Photo Credits RAINER MAHLAMAKI, 1LMARI LAHDELMA, JUHA MAK1-JYLL1LA 299 Folk Art Centre, Kaustinen 1990/1990-1997 RAINER MAHLAMAKI 300 Lakeside Private House, Juva 1994 ULLA VAHTERA, LASSE VAHTERA