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Powerpoint Sunusu TEDU ARCH 222 HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE II PRESENTATION 03.05.2018 ELIEL SAARINEN «THE CITY ITS GROWTH ITS DECAY ITS FUTURE» MEHMET AKÇAKOCA BURAK AĞBULUT ELIEL SAARINEN T E He was an architect, a city planner, educator, writer D and president of Cranbrook Academy of Art. He was U born on 20th August 1873 in Finland. His education A life started with painting at Helsinki University, then R he studied architecture at Polytechnic Institute of C Helsinki. He started to work with Herman Gesellius H and Armas Lindgren who were the classmates from 2 Polytechnic Institute of Helsinki. 2 2 HERMAN GESELLIUS T E He was a Finnish architect and one of the founder of firm D Gesellius, Lindgren and Saarinen. Wuorio house is the most U important work of Herman Gesellius. He designed that project A between 1908 and 1909 but he did not finish because of health R problems. Armas Lindgren finished this house from1913 in C 1914. Gesillius finished his architectural career in 1912 because H of serious sickness and he died early because of throat cancer 2 in 1916 2 2 ARMAS LINDGREN T He was a Finnish architect and born on 28th November E 1874. He worked with two famous Finnish architects D Gustaf Nyström and osef Stanback while he was studying U architecture. After that, he studied history of art and A culture in Sweden, Denmark, Germany, France and the R United Kingdom for two years.In 1905, he seperated his C way from Gesellius, Lİndgren and Saarinen Firm and he H set up his own Office 2 2 2 LINDGREN WORKS He became a professor at Polytechnic Institute T of Helsinki, he was a charge of the history of art E lecture in 1900. After that, he became artistic D director of the higher department of the U Central School of Arts and Crafts of Helsinki A between 1902 and 1912. His most know Works R are Uusi ylioppilastalo, Sakala and Estonia C Theatre. He was the professor of one of the H most important Finnish architect Alvar Aalto 2 and he taught him and influenced him 2 efficiently. 2 FINDLAND WORKS Finnish pavilion is the first important work of Eliel Saarinen. This work was a T remarkable mix of several styles of that E time, such as Gothic Revival, art nouveau D and Finnish wooden architecture. At the U beginning of the 20th century, his art A nouveau buildings helped him get to fame. R He worked about this style and this style C helped to found National Romantic H movement in Scandinavia. He had an 2 important role and designed important 2 railway stations and National Museum with 2 the help of National Romantic movement in the rising culture. Helsinki Central Railway Station is the most important symbol of Scandinavia’s rational nationalism. CITY PLANNINGS He started to work on great city plan project T of Munksnäs-Haga between 1910 and 1915. E This plan is one of the most important D publications of Eliel Saarinen. His Works U started to be famous and he became an A expert for city planning of Tallinn in Estonia in R 1911. After that, he worked for Budapest in C 1912. He became an advisor for city problem H of Budapest and he published a brochure for 2 the city problems. He had a prize in an 2 international competition with the city plan 2 of Reval(Tallinn). With that success of city planning, he started work on greater city plan of Helsinki between 1917 and 1918. Saarinen's Proposal for Metropolitan Helsinki Munkkiniemi-Haaga Plan is announced by Saarinen in 1915. The main purpose of the plan T was that Saarinen expressed the development of E the entire metropolitan area even if the D fundamental purpose was to create a new town U district. Munkkiniemi-Haaga was designed and A planned by Saarinen with the consistent urban R identity of Helsinki while considering region C features of the city. This utopian design aims that H increase the life quality of society and 2 employment with the harmony of art. He 2 remained to processes his works with not the only 2 artistic way, Tallinn and Budapest plans provided him to increase extent and proportions of his planning works while he was planning Mubkkiniemi-Haaga. City planning The Canberra plan was also another work to provide him to make a development of range and proportion of his planning T works. Saarinen's proposal was developed by the architect of E the first town planner who is Bertel Jung. Saarinen and Jung D announced "Greater Helsinki Town Planning Proposal with a U booklet which is called "Pro Helsingfors" (1918) thanks to A supporting a private foundation. With that proposal, city R planning of Helsinki was in rapport with organic C decentralization and that is considered for development the H city in terms of progress in future. Furthermore, it was 2 important to control the growth of a city. Finnish Helsinki New 2 Town Munkkiniemi-Haaga, which also known as the “Greater 2 Helsinki” plan was created for 170.000 people and hypothesis, it affirms that towns ought to be set up close to Helsinki, and the city should have advantages to develop in a control fur further. CHICAGO TRIBUNE TOWER He was admitted to the Tribune Tower T competition in Chicago. He had a second place for E this, competition project never built. This design D has a harmony of modern style and gothic U verticality. This design idea affected lots of the USA A architects in the early generations of R skyscrapers.According to Louis Sullivan “father of C skyscrapers,” this design is the future of Chicago H school. In 1929, Gulf Building is similar to 2 competition work and designed by Alfred C. Finn, 2 Kenneth Franzheim, and J. E. R. Carpenter 2 architects. This competition and first World war are the powerful reason for the migration of Eliel Saarinen to the USA. In the 1940s, he developed his design according to Art Deco. He defined Los Angeles with West coast style. CHICAGO TRIBUNE TOWER T E D U Cesar Pelli Architect A tower, 181 W. Madison, Chicago R 1990 C H People still influenced from Eliel Saarinen. 2 2 2 UNIVERSTY OF MICHIGAN T E D Eliel Saarinen became a part-time professor at the University of U Michigan in 1923 and he was the lecturer of the graduate class. A Dean of the University of Michigan gave an honour Eliel R Saarinen(Collegiate Professorship). C H 2 2 2 STARTING CRANBROOK ACADEMY T E D George Gough Booth founded the Cranbrook U Educational Community and he asked Eliel A Saarinen to design the campus. He dreamed R of creating a school like American Academy C in Rome. They created a school with new H applications like Bauhaus. 2 2 2 Cranbrook Academy of Art T Cranbrook Academy of Art played an important E role to develop American Modernism and it D has big impacts on whole world in terms of art, U architecture and design. There are no courses A in Cranbrook Academy, all incomes, R experiences or learnings are self- directed C under the guidance who expert in his/her field. H Eero Saarinen, Eliel Saarinen, Ray and Charles 2 Eames, Edmun Bacon, Henry Weese, Raphe 2 Rapsen, Florence Knoll, Jack Lenor Larsen, 2 Donald Lipski, Duane Hanson, Lorraine Wild, Nick Cave and Hani Rashid was in part of the community of Cranbrook.. Cranbrook Academy of Art The community is established by George T Booth who soon contracted Eliel Saarinen E the Finnish engineer who involves a D noteworthy position ever of American plan U and design. Eliel Saarinen and George A Booth are both were roused by the vision R of the Arts and Crafts Movement, they C applied the vision of Arts and Crafts H Movement styles the international style to 2 Cranbrook Academy through of Art which 2 started in England in the mid-nineteenth 2 century and soon spread to the United States. Per classes consisted of 10-16 students Eero Saarinen T Eero Saarinen who is son of Finnish architect Eliel E Saarinen lived between 1910 and 1961. Saarinen is D known for outlining the Washington Dulles U International Airport outside Washington, D.C., the A TWA Flight Center in New York City, and the Gateway R Arch in St. Louis, Missouri. Saarinen's structures, C have a tendency to reverberate with well-known H subjects inside human experience, actually human 2 experience was the main reference to design 2 according to him and he designed industrial things, 2 too with his neo-futuristic style. Eero Saarinen Bringing out associations with structures and T situations that may at first be sudden yet blend E well with their motivations upon assist D investigation. Furthermore, Saarinen's sharp U handle of history and culture helped him A comprehend the setting and the solid R associations that they make with their C surroundings focuses. Additionally, Eero studied H design in Cranbrook Academy of Art with his 2 father, as well. He designed chairs, tables, 2 furniture and kind of thins as well. His furniture 2 included simple structures mixing natural and mechanical motivations. EDMUND BACON T He was an American architect, urban E planner author and educator. He also was D known as “The father of Philadelphia”. He U was director of city planning of A Philadelphia between 1949 and 1970. Eliel R Saarinen supports him and invited him to C Cranbrook Academy of Art. He had ideas H about the cities and Eliel Saarinen 2 mentioned his idea in The City book(the 2 city is a living organism ) 2 FLORENCE KNOLL She was an American architect, city planner, T and furniture designer.
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